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Del Pilar Zarazaga M, Tinti MG, Litterio NJ, Himelfarb MA, Andrés-Larrea MIS, Rubio-Langre S, Serrano-Rodríguez JM, Lorenzutti AM. Dose regimen optimization of cephalothin for surgical prophylaxis against Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci in dogs by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105202. [PMID: 38492279 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
First generation cephalosporins such cephalothin of cefazolin are indicated for antimicrobial prophylaxis for clean and clean contaminated surgical procedures because its antimicrobial spectrum, relative low toxicity and cost. Anesthesia and surgery could alter the pharmacokinetic behavior of different drugs administered perioperative by many mechanisms that affect distribution, metabolism or excretion processes. Intravenous administration of the antimicrobial within 30 and 60 min before incision is recommended in order to reach therapeutic serum and tissue concentrations and redosing is recommended if the duration of the procedure exceeds two half-life of the antimicrobial. To the author's knowledge there are no pharmacokinetic studies of cephalothin in dogs under anesthesia/surgery conditions. The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cephalothin in anesthetized dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy by a nonlinear mixed-effects model and to determine the effect of anesthesia/surgery and other individual covariates on its pharmacokinetic behavior; (2) to determine the MIC and conduct a pharmacodynamic modeling of time kill curves assay of cephalothin against isolates of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the skin of dogs; (3) to conduct a PK/PD analysis by integration of the obtained nonlinear mixed-effects models in order to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of changing concentrations on simulated bacterial count; and (4) to determine the PK/PD endpoints and PK/PDco values in order to predict the optimal dose regimen of cephalothin for antimicrobial prophylaxis in dogs. Anesthesia/surgery significantly reduced cephalothin clearance by 18.78%. Based on the results of this study, a cephalothin dose regimen of 25 mg/kg q6h by intravenous administration showed to be effective against Staphylococcus spp. isolates with MIC values ≤2 μg/mL and could be recommended for antimicrobial prophylaxis for clean surgery in healthy dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Pilar Zarazaga
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, IRNASUS CONICET-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina; Farmacología Clínica y Toxicología, Carrera de Veterinaria, Instituto Académico y Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Argentina.
| | - Mariano Guillermo Tinti
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, IRNASUS CONICET-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás Javier Litterio
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, IRNASUS CONICET-Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina.
| | | | | | - Sonia Rubio-Langre
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Serrano-Rodríguez
- Pharmacology Area, Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain.
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Joshi M, O'Toole RV, Carlini AR, Gary JL, Obremskey WT, Murray CK, Gaski G, Reid JS, Degani Y, Taylor TJ, Collins SC, Huang Y, Whiting PS, Patterson JT, Lee OC, Castillo RC. Does Topical Vancomycin Powder Use in Fracture Surgery Change Bacteriology and Antibiotic Susceptibilities? An Analysis of the VANCO Trial. J Orthop Trauma 2024; 38:183-189. [PMID: 38206761 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether intrawound vancomycin changes the bacteriology of surgical site infection pathogens and investigate the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. METHODS DESIGN Secondary analysis of phase III, prospective, randomized clinical trial. SETTING Thirty-six US trauma centers. PATIENT SELECTION CRITERIA Patients who became infected after fixation of tibial plateau or pilon fracture. OUTCOME MEASURES AND COMPARISONS Pathogen types and bacterial susceptibilities as determined from routine clinical culture in the operating room. RESULTS Seventy-four patients were studied who were 67.5% male with a mean age of 48.6 years. A lower proportion of gram-positive cocci was observed in the vancomycin powder compared with the standard-of-care group (3.7% vs. 8.0%, P = 0.01). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection incidence was comparable in both the vancomycin powder and the standard-of-care groups, but rates of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infections were lower in the treatment group (1.4% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.01). The incidence of coagulase-negative Staphylococci and gram-negative rod infections were similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in susceptibilities between groups in rates of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. CONCLUSIONS Topical vancomycin powder decreases the likelihood of gram-positive infections consistent with the biologic activity of vancomycin. Fewer methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci infections were observed in the group treated with vancomycin powder. An effect of vancomycin powder on methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection risk was not detected given the low incidence in both the intrawound vancomycin and the standard-of-care groups. There was no emergence of gram-negative rod infections or increased resistance patterns observed. Use of topical vancomycin powder does not seem to produce infections in these patients with greater antibiotic resistance than would have occurred without its use. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Joshi
- Division of Infectious Disease, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert V O'Toole
- Department of Orthopaedics, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anthony R Carlini
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joshua L Gary
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - William T Obremskey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - J Spence Reid
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Yasmin Degani
- Department of Orthopaedics, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tara J Taylor
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Susan C Collins
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yanjie Huang
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Paul S Whiting
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; and
| | - Joseph T Patterson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Olivia C Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Renan C Castillo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Jiang Y, Hou J, Liu C, Zhao C, Xu Y, Song W, Shu Z, Wang B. Inhibitory Effect of Salicin on Staphylococcus aureus Coagulase. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300302. [PMID: 37755368 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The massive use of antibiotics has resulted in an alarming increase in antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This study aimed to identify the inhibitory effect of salicin on S. aureus. Coagulase (Coa) activity was assessed using in vitro Coa assays and Western blot, thermal shift assay (TSA), fluorescence quenching and molecular docking experiments were conducted to verify the interaction between salicin and Coa. An in vivo mouse pneumonia model demonstrated that salicin can reduce the virulence of S. aureus. In vitro Coa assays elucidated that salicin directly inhibited Coa activity. The Western blot and TSA results suggested that salicin did not block the expression of Coa but affected the thermal stability of the protein by binding to Coa. The fluorescence quenching, molecular docking and molecular dynamics assays have found that the most promising binding site between salicin and Coa was GLN-97. The pneumonia model of mice infected with S. aureus revealed that salicin could not only reduce the content of lung bacteria in mice but also prolong their survival. Salicin was identified as a novel anti-infective candidate compound with the potential to target Coa and inhibit its activity by binding to it, which would facilitate the development of roadmaps for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Jiang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Juan Hou
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yangming Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wu Song
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zunhua Shu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1643, Jingyue Street Nanguan District, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Bingmei Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, 130117, China
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Zhang C, Zhang W, Zhu S, Hu C, Che S, Wang M, Jin M, Bian N, Song W, Jiang S, Jiang Y, Hou J, Liu C, Zhou H, Wei L, Shi G, Tang Y. Bilobetin attenuates Staphylococcus aureus virulence by targeting Von Willebrand factor-binding protein and staphylocoagulase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:358. [PMID: 37884743 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) induces a variety of infectious diseases in humans and animals and is responsible for hospital- and community-acquired infections. The aim of this study was to investigate how bilobetin, a natural compound, attenuates S. aureus virulence by inhibiting two key virulence factors, von Willebrand factor-binding protein (vWbp) and staphylocoagulase (Coa). The results showed that bilobetin inhibited Coa- or vWbp-induced coagulation without affecting S. aureus proliferation. The Western blotting and fluorescence quenching assays indicated that bilobetin did not affect the expression of vWbp and Coa but directly bound to the proteins with KA values of 1.66 × 104 L/mol and 1.04 × 104 L/mol, respectively. To gain further insight into the mechanism of interaction of bilobetin with these virulence factors, we performed molecular docking and point mutation assays, which indicated that the TYR-6 and TYR-18 residues on vWbp and the ALA-190 and ASP-189 residues on Coa were essential for the binding of bilobetin. In addition, the in vivo studies showed that bilobetin ameliorated lung tissue damage and inflammation caused by S. aureus, thereby improving the survival of mice. Furthermore, the use of bilobetin as an adjuvant in combination with vancomycin was more effective in the treatment of a mouse model of pneumonia. Taken together, bilobetin had a dual inhibitory effect on vWbp and Coa by reducing the virulence of S. aureus, suggesting that it is a viable lead compound against S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyue Zhu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjie Hu
- Proctology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Sihua Che
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengli Jin
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Bian
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wu Song
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yijing Jiang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Hou
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haofang Zhou
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Guijun Shi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
- Changchun Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
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Zurita M, Garland M, Ryan T. Bacterial colonisation and the effect of a cleaning regime on iPad patient side electronic devices used in a veterinary healthcare setting. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231169231. [PMID: 37212678 PMCID: PMC10811988 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231169231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the prevalence of clinically relevant bacteria on the surface of hospital-issued iPads and to assess the effectiveness and residual effect of a new cleaning regime using 70% alcohol and 2% chlorhexidine wipes. METHODS Hospital-issued iPads were swabbed to determine the presence of clinically relevant organisms. The iPads were wiped using 70% alcohol and 2% chlorhexidine. Further samples were taken 5 mins, 6 h and 12 h after implementation of the cleaning regime. Cultured bacteria were tested for antimicrobial resistance. RESULTS A total of 25 hospital-issued iPads were analysed. Seventeen iPads (68%) sampled in this study were contaminated. Bacillus species (21%) were the most predominant, followed by Pasteurella species (14%), Acinetobacter species (11%), Eikenella species (11%), beta-haemolytic streptococci (11%), coagulase-positive staphylococci (7%), Escherichia coli (7%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (7%), alpha-haemolytic streptococci (3%), Enterococcus species (4%) and Pseudomonas species (4%). Of the isolated bacteria, 89% were resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics. Of our isolates, 24 (75%) were resistant to clindamycin. After the cleaning regime, there was no bacterial growth from any of the devices at 5 mins, 6 h and 12 h despite repetitive use within the hospital. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A variety of nosocomial pathogens, including antibiotic resistant pathogens, were isolated from the iPads. Cleaning with 70% alcohol and 2% chlorhexidine wipes is recommended every 12 h during use, between patient contacts and after witnessed contamination. A variety of nosocomial pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant pathogens with potential devastating effects on both human and animal health, were isolated from the iPads. Infection prevention strategies related to the devices should be employed in a hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zurita
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Ringwood, UK
| | | | - Tony Ryan
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Ringwood, UK
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Shah P, Sah R, Sharma A, Khanal B, Bhattarai NR. Evaluation of Latex Agglutination Test for Rapid Identification of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pyogenic Wound Infections at a Tertiary Care Hospital. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2023; 21:13-16. [PMID: 37800419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus infections are increasingly reported worldwide. It is a major clinical problem and imposes significant morbidity and mortality due to widespread emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens like methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, rapid and reliable identification of Staphylococcus aureus is essential for timely and effective management of patient. Objective The performance of Latex agglutination test (Staphaurex Plus) was compared to conventional method tube coagulase test which is gold standard too for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Method This study was conducted at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Following standard microbiological methods, isolation and identification was done in the Department of Microbiology. MRSA detection was performed following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. All the isolates of Staphylococci were subjected for Latex agglutination test and was performed according to manufacturer's instructions using Staphaurex Plus kit. Result Out of 377 (methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus - 142; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus - 233; Coagulase Negative Staphylococci -2) isolates of Staphylococci, Latex agglutination test was found to be positive in 138 (97.1%) of methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and 220 (94.4%) of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Latex agglutination test was found to be 95.46%, 100%, 100%, 10.52% respectively. Conclusion In conclusion, Latex agglutination test is a rapid and reliable test for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shah
- Department of Microbiology B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - R Sah
- Department of Microbiology B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Microbiology B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - B Khanal
- Department of Microbiology B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - N R Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
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Kumaran T, Beulashiny D, Sujithra S, Uma G, Michael Babu M, Kesavan K, Citarasu T. The production and influence of anti-Vibrio parahaemolytics IgY against experimental infection of V. parahaemolyticus in cultured Fenneropenaeus indicus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 128:246-259. [PMID: 35944759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria emphasizes the need to find alternatives to complement antibiotics. Immunotherapy may also be used as a complementary treatment against pathogens that are difficult to treat with traditional antibiotics. Eggs are normal dietary components and there is practically no risk of toxic side effects of IgY given orally. In the present study, pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from infected shrimp and studied their virulence factors including LD50 (by challenging with Fenneropenaeus indicus), proteolytic and hemolytic activities. The edible antibody IgY was raised by injecting the antigen of Extra Cellular Products (ECP) of V. parahaemolyticus to Gallus gallus domesticus during layoff period with and without the herbal immunoadjuvants, Asparagus racemosus and Glycine max (V.p wo: V. parahaemolyticus ECP without adjuvant; V.p A: V. parahaemolyticus ECP with A. racemosus and V.p G: V. parahaemolyticus ECP with G. max). Eggs were collected after five weeks of immunization and anti- V. parahaemolyticus IgY was extracted and purified. Physicochemical properties of the immunized Chickens' serum and anti- V. parahaemolyticus IgY's cross reactivity, growth inhibition assay, single radial immunodiffusion assay and bacterial agglutination were studied. The results revealed that, the serum protein parameters were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) increased in experimental groups from control group. The antibody raised with immunoadjuvants had significantly (P ≤ 0.001) higher cross reactivity, growth inhibition, single radial immunoassay and bacterial agglutination when compared with and without immunoadjuvant and control groups. Further the control and experimental anti-V. parahaemolytics IgY coated artificial diets were fed to F. indicus for 60 days. After 30 and 60 dpv (days of post vaccination), shrimps from each groups were challenged with virulent V. parahaemolyticus and studied the survival, haematological and immunological parameters. The IgY coated diets (V. p A and V.p G) fed shrimps had decreased cumulative mortality, significantly (P ≤ 0.001) improved coagulase activity, total haemocyte count and oxyhaemocyanin. The immunological parameters such as prophenoloxidase, intracellular anion production, lysozyme production and phagocytosis also improved significantly (P ≤ 0.001) in IgY treated shrimps.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kumaran
- Aquatic Animal Health Lab, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari Dist., Tamilnadu, 629502, India; PG & Research Department of Zoology, Muslim Arts College, Thiruvithancode, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, 629174, India
| | - D Beulashiny
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Muslim Arts College, Thiruvithancode, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, 629174, India
| | - S Sujithra
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Muslim Arts College, Thiruvithancode, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, 629174, India
| | - G Uma
- Aquatic Animal Health Lab, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari Dist., Tamilnadu, 629502, India
| | - M Michael Babu
- Aquatic Animal Health Lab, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari Dist., Tamilnadu, 629502, India
| | - K Kesavan
- P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Sir Theagaraya College, Old Washermenpet, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600021, India
| | - T Citarasu
- Aquatic Animal Health Lab, Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari Dist., Tamilnadu, 629502, India.
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Savchik EY, Kalinina TB, Drozd NN, Makarov VA, Zav'yalova EG, Lapsheva EN, Mudrik NN, Babij AV, Pavlova GV, Golovin AV, Kopylov AM. Aptamer RA36 inhibits of human, rabbit, and rat plasma coagulation activated with thrombin or snake venom coagulases. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 156:44-8. [PMID: 24319726 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RA36 DNA aptamer is a direct anticoagulant prolonging clotting time of human, rabbit, and rat plasma in the thrombin time test. Anticoagulant activity of RA36 is lower than that of recombinant hirudin. During inhibition of human plasma clotting activated with echitox (coagulase from Echis multisquamatus venom), the aptamer presumably binds to meisothrombin exosite I. The sensitivity of human plasma to the aptamer 5-fold surpasses that of rat plasma. Analysis of RA36 binding to coagulase of Agkistrodon halys venom (ancistron) is required for proving the effect of aptamer on polymerization of human fibrinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yu Savchik
- Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation; APTO-PHARM, Moscow Region; Chemical Faculty, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
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George NPE, Konstantopoulos K, Ross JM. Differential kinetics and molecular recognition mechanisms involved in early versus late growth phase Staphylococcus aureus cell binding to platelet layers under physiological shear conditions. J Infect Dis 2007; 196:639-46. [PMID: 17624852 DOI: 10.1086/519740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to platelets via microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) is a critical first step in vascular infection. The molecular mechanisms governing adhesion are influenced by the repertoire of MSCRAMMs expressed on the bacterial surface and the fluid mechanical shear rates present in the vasculature. We compared the predominant adhesion mechanisms between early and late growth phase S. aureus under physiological shear conditions. METHODS A parallel-plate flow chamber was used to quantify the adhesion of early and late growth phase S. aureus to immobilized platelet layers as a function of wall shear rate. Specifically, we evaluated the influence of clumping factor (Clf) A, ClfB, serine-aspartate repeats, fibronectin-binding proteins (Fnbps), and protein A in supporting S. aureus adhesion to platelets. The ability of the plasma proteins fibrinogen and fibronectin to act as bridging molecules was also investigated. RESULTS Our results demonstrate a markedly elevated binding efficiency for late growth phase staphylococci to immobilized platelets, compared with that of the early growth phase cells in the high shear regime. During the late growth phase, fibrinogen in concert with von Willebrand factor (vWF) potentiates S. aureus-platelet binding via shear-dependent mechanisms. By contrast, fibrinogen, but not vWF, supports the adhesion of early growth phase S. aureus at the high wall shear rates. During the early growth phase, ClfA is identified as the dominant staphylococcal adhesion receptor, with Fnbps playing a supporting role. CONCLUSION The results presented here demonstrate a differential mechanism and binding efficiency for the adhesion of early versus late growth phase S. aureus to immobilized platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Procopio Evagrio George
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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Liu CZ, Huang TF, Tsai PJ, Tsai PJ, Chang LY, Chang MC. A segment of Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A with fibrinogen-binding activity (ClfA221-550) inhibits platelet-plug formation in mice. Thromb Res 2007; 121:183-91. [PMID: 17467042 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2007.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the fibrinogen-binding segment (residues 221-550) of Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A (ClfA), which binds to fibrinogen gamma chain C-terminus, exerted inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation and fibrin clot formation in vitro. Here, we further demonstrated the effectiveness of using ClfA221-550 to inhibit platelet-rich thrombus formation in vivo. Platelet-rich thrombi were formed in the mesenteric venules of fluorescein-loaded mice by filtered light illumination. It grew rapidly and ultimately resulted in the cessation of blood flow due to vessel occlusion. Given by intravenous bolus injection, ClfA221-550 delayed occlusive thrombi formation in a dose-dependent manner: 2-, 3- and 4.5-fold prolongations of vessel occlusion time were attained with 0.69, 6.9 and 34.5 mg/kg of ClfA221-550, respectively. Reduced fibrin clot formation at the late phase with plasmas, which were prepared from ClfA221-550-treated mice, was also dose-dependent. The suppression of fibrin formation ex vivo coincided with the delay of occlusive thrombus formation in vivo, suggesting that the antithrombotic effect of ClfA221-550 may result from the blockade of fibrinogen gamma chain C-terminal functions, in mediating platelet aggregation and fibrin clot formation. Administration of ClfA221-550 also lengthened the tail bleeding of mice; however, significant effect was achieved only with a higher dosage, namely 34.5 mg/kg. These results together showed that blockade of fibrinogen gamma chain C-terminus with ClfA221-550 preferentially affected platelet-rich thrombus formation rather than normal haemostasis, thus providing a rationale for selecting fibrinogen gamma chain C-terminus as a new target for thrombotic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Zong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701, Chung-Yang Road, Sec. 3, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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11
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Karaolis DKR, Means TK, Yang D, Takahashi M, Yoshimura T, Muraille E, Philpott D, Schroeder JT, Hyodo M, Hayakawa Y, Talbot BG, Brouillette E, Malouin F. Bacterial c-di-GMP is an immunostimulatory molecule. J Immunol 2007; 178:2171-81. [PMID: 17277122 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.4.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial intracellular signaling molecule. We have shown that treatment with exogenous c-di-GMP inhibits Staphylococcus aureus infection in a mouse model. We now report that c-di-GMP is an immodulator and immunostimulatory molecule. Intramammary treatment of mice with c-di-GMP 12 and 6 h before S. aureus challenge gave a protective effect and a 10,000-fold reduction in CFUs in tissues (p < 0.001). Intramuscular vaccination of mice with c-di-GMP coinjected with S. aureus clumping factor A (ClfA) Ag produced serum with significantly higher anti-ClfA IgG Ab titers (p < 0.001) compared with ClfA alone. Intraperitoneal injection of mice with c-di-GMP activated monocyte and granulocyte recruitment. Human immature dendritic cells (DCs) cultured in the presence of c-di-GMP showed increased expression of costimulatory molecules CD80/CD86 and maturation marker CD83, increased MHC class II and cytokines and chemokines such as IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-8, MCP-1, IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10, and RANTES, and altered expression of chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR7, and CXCR4. c-di-GMP-matured DCs demonstrated enhanced T cell stimulatory activity. c-di-GMP activated p38 MAPK in human DCs and ERK phosphorylation in human macrophages. c-di-GMP is stable in human serum. We propose that cyclic dinucleotides like c-di-GMP can be used clinically in humans and animals as an immunomodulator, immune enhancer, immunotherapeutic, immunoprophylactic, or vaccine adjuvant.
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12
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Loughman A, Fitzgerald JR, Brennan MP, Higgins J, Downer R, Cox D, Foster TJ. Roles for fibrinogen, immunoglobulin and complement in platelet activation promoted by Staphylococcus aureus clumping factor A. Mol Microbiol 2005; 57:804-18. [PMID: 16045623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients without a history of prior heart valve damage. The ability to stimulate the activation of resting platelets and their subsequent aggregation is regarded as an important virulence factor of bacteria that cause IE. Clumping factor A is the dominant surface protein responsible for platelet activation by S. aureus cells in the stationary phase of growth. This study used Lactococcus lactis as a surrogate host to study the mechanism of ClfA-promoted platelet activation. Expression of ClfA from a nisin-inducible promoter demonstrated that a minimum level of surface-expressed ClfA was required. Using platelets that were purified from plasma, the requirement for both bound fibrinogen and immunoglobulin was demonstrated. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) requirement is consistent with the potent inhibition of platelet activation by a monoclonal antibody specific for the platelet FcgammaRIIa receptor. Furthermore the IgG must contain antibodies specific for the ClfA A domain. A model is proposed whereby bacterial cells armed with a sufficient number of surface-bound fibrinogen molecules can engage resting platelet glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa, aided by bound IgG molecules, which encourages the clustering of FcgammaRIIa receptors. This can trigger activation of signal transduction leading to activation of GPIIb/IIIa and aggregation of platelets. In addition, analysis of a mutant of ClfA totally lacking the ability to bind fibrinogen revealed a second, although less efficient, mechanism of platelet activation. The fibrinogen-independent pathway required IgG and complement deposition to trigger platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Loughman
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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13
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Betriu C, Redondo M, Boloix A, Gómez M, Culebras E, Picazo JJ. Comparative activity of linezolid and other new agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and teicoplanin-intermediate coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48:911-3. [PMID: 11733478 DOI: 10.1093/jac/48.6.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of linezolid was determined against 225 recently isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 20 methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) with decreased levels of susceptibility to teicoplanin. Linezolid activity was compared with other new agents (quinupristin-dalfopristin, trovafloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin and telithromycin) and six other antimicrobials (erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, teicoplanin and rifampicin). The in vitro activity of linezolid was similar to that of vancomycin. Linezolid inhibited all MRSA strains at between 0.1 and 2 mg/L and all CoNS strains tested at between 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L. These results suggest that linezolid would be useful for the treatment of infections involving these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Betriu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Plaza Cristo Rey s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Law D, Megson GM, Keaney MG, Ganguli LA. The influence of salt concentration on the detection of methicillin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992; 30:603-14. [PMID: 1493978 DOI: 10.1093/jac/30.5.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of methicillin resistance by the breakpoint method was examined using three different media containing varying quantities of added salt and 4 mg/L methicillin or 1 mg/L oxacillin. Three hundred clinical isolates of eight species of coagulase-negative staphylococci were tested. In 68 strains methicillin resistance was expressed only at certain salt concentrations and four distinct susceptibility phenotypes were observed. A correlation between the susceptibility phenotype and the species of the isolate was found. Testing on Columbia agar (CA) containing 4 mg/L methicillin with 0% and 4% added salt was required to detect resistance in all 68 strains. Resistance was detected less frequently using Balanced Sensitivity Test (BST) agar or Diagnostic Sensitivity Test (DST) agar containing methicillin or CA, BST or DST agar containing oxacillin. Increased production of beta-lactamase was shown to be an unlikely cause of MR in these strains. Disc sensitivity tests were performed on the 68 strains using five different media. Columbia agar gave optimum results as the other media gave enhanced zones of inhibition for some isolates. Further tests were performed on CA containing varying salt concentrations using both oxacillin and methicillin discs. A close relationship between the staphylococcal species, and the influence of increasing salt concentration on zone size was found. Discrepancies were noted between results obtained by breakpoint and the results obtained with methicillin discs particularly with Staphylococcus simulans and some Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. Results obtained with oxacillin discs more closely correlated with those obtained by breakpoint, but only when disc tests were performed on media with low and high salt content. To identify methicillin resistance in strains of CNS by disc tests, the use of Columbia agar with 0% and 5% added salt and oxacillin discs is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Law
- Department of Microbiology, Hope Hospital, Salford, Manchester, UK
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15
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Solomon HF, Dixon DM, Pouch W. A survey of staphylococci isolated from the laboratory gerbil. Lab Anim Sci 1990; 40:316-8. [PMID: 2162991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A microbiological survey of the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, revealed coagulase-negative staphylococci to be common inhabitants of representative animals derived from three different breeding colonies. The nasal area was most often culture positive, and Staphylococcus xylosus was a predominant species. S. xylosus was the only organism cultured from nasal dermatitis. These organisms were found to be susceptible in vitro to the majority of the antimicrobial agents tested. This survey indicates that the possible role of S. xylosus as an opportunistic pathogen warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Solomon
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Labs, West Point, PA 19486
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16
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Abstract
The opsonic requirement for phagocytosis and killing and cell-surface hydrophobicity of five strains of Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from clinical sources were studied. Phagocytosis and killing of bacteria by human granulocytes were measured in suspension. Bacterial aggregating cell-surface hydrophobicity was determined by salt aggregation, and the absorptive hydrophobicity was measured by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. All strains were well opsonised by pooled normal human serum 10%. Ingestion of these bacteria could be detected to a variable extent in the absence of extracellular opsonins; heat-inactivated serum 10% or intravenous IgG concentrate 1 mg/ml improved phagocytosis of all strains. Significantly increased rates of both the ingestion and killing of one of the five strains occurred in the presence of IgG or in the absence of opsonins, compared to those found with each of the other four. This particular strain had significantly stronger adsorptive surface hydrophobicity than the other four strains, and with all strains there was a correlation between hydrophobicity and phagocytosis by granulocytes in the absence of opsonins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maródi
- Department of Pediatrics, University School of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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17
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Anderson JC, Adlam C, Knights JM. The effect of staphylocoagulase in the mammary gland of the mouse. Br J Exp Pathol 1982; 63:336-40. [PMID: 7093146 PMCID: PMC2040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Purified coagulase from a strain of S. aureus was inoculated into the mammary glands of mice which were examined at 4-hourly intervals over 28 h. Coagulase induced a neutrophil response at 4 h which was sustained throughout the experiment, and was accompanied by hyperplasia of the alveolar epithelium. There was no evidence of intravascular clotting. The response of the gland to coagulase was compared with the response following inoculation of 3 different strains of viable staphylococci.
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18
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Vikhot' NE. [Phagocytic activity on staphylococcal infections]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1981:8-15. [PMID: 7023146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Otroshko TA, Klechkovskaia BV, Egorov NS. [Proteolytic system of Aspergillus ochraceus studied in relation to its plasma-coagulating and fibrinolytic activities]. Mikrobiologiia 1979; 48:645-52. [PMID: 481278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The culture of Aspergillus ochraceus HP-19 accumulates two types of proteolytic enzymes in the cultural broth. One group of proteases coagulates blood while the other has the fibrinolytic activity. The enzymes can be separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The first group of enzymes consists of several proteases with the coagulase activity and an inert protein.
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20
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Abstract
Prothrombin is determined with the aid of a recently developed assay, based on the amidolysis of a chromogenic substrate. The assay proved to be reliable when it was compared with more conventional coagulation assays in the control of oral anticoagulant therapy, both in the therapeutic range and in a case of overdosage. As is the case in coagulation tests, heparin therapy remains a disturbing circumstance. The prothrombin concentration was measured (a) in the plasma of 50 long-term anticoagulated patients, and the results were compared with those obtained with a one-stage coagulation assay and with those obtained with Thrombotest determinations, and (b) during vitamin K administration in the plasma of a patient with a severe intoxication of a vitamin K antagonist.
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21
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Shraer DP, Blagoveshchenskiĭ VA, Grishina NB, Kats ZN, Kushko IV. [Staphylococcal coagulase liberation from toxic-enzyme complex components]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1978:123-6. [PMID: 742271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Kirchhof BR, Vermeer C, Hemker HC. The determination of prothrombin using synthetic chromogenic substrates; choice of a suitable activator. Thromb Res 1978; 13:219-32. [PMID: 694841 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(78)90010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Abstract
The production of a clotting factor (peptocoagulase) by bovine clinical isolates of Peptococcus indolicus and its nature were investigated. Extracellular peptocoagulase was demonstrated in culture filtrates of 93% and cell associated with washed cell suspensions of 100% of the 75 isolates tested. Both citrated and heparinized plasma were clotted. Crude peptocoagulase was nondialyzable, precipitated with (NH4)2SO4 at 40% saturation, somewhat resistant to heating at both neutral and acid pH, and chloroform insoluble. Culture filtrate did not contain proteolytic activity with albumin and casein, as substrates and no esterase activity was detected with tosylarginine and benzoylarginine methyl esters as substrates. The clotting reaction required peptocoagulase, prothrombin, and fibrinogen. The activation of prothrombin appeared to involve a stoichiometric reaction with peptocoagulase, possibly by formation of a stable complex.
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24
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Zajdel M, Wegrzynowicz Z, Sawecka J, Jeljaszewicz J. [Staphylocoagulase and staphylothrombin]. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 1977; 31:17-31. [PMID: 325544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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25
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Schettini F, De Mattia D, Mautone A, Altomare M. [Reptilase and thrombin-coagulase times in full-term newborns and in the 1st years of life]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1975; 51:1229-33. [PMID: 1220740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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King MJ, Morris MS, Tager M. The comparative ultrastructure of fibrin induced by thrombin and by staphylocoagulase. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1975; 34:223-35. [PMID: 1237943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin induced by the action of thrombin and by staphylocoagulase was studied by transmission electron microscopy. Periodic striations were consistently observed in the negatively stained preparations of both fibrins. When 4200 major periods in the thrombin fibrin system were measured the mean length was 228 A. For 3666 major periods in the coagulase fibrin system the mean length was 223 A. While the T test analysis of these values gave a value of 10, it is noteworthy that the differences are well within the scatter of periodicity reported in the literature for thrombin-induced fibrin. Gross inspection of the preparations indicated that the coagulase-induced fibrin had a knottier appearance and was accompanied by a greater amount of background debris than the thrombin-induced fibrin.
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27
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Zajdel M, Wegrzynowicz Z, Sawecka J, Kopeć M. Subunits and susceptibility of fibrins formed from bovine fibrinogen by arvin, reptilase, thrombin and staphylothrombin. Thromb Res 1975; 6:337-44. [PMID: 1169826 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(75)90083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Bas BM. [The action of staphylocoagulase in blood coagulation]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1974; 118:1268-71. [PMID: 4603877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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29
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30
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Semeraro N, Fumarola D, Pasquetto N, Vermylen J. Platelet aggregation and clot retraction by two preparations of staphylocoagulase. Thromb Res 1974; 4:819-27. [PMID: 4844063 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(74)90025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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31
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Tager M, King MJ. The effect of staphylocoagulase on the subunit structure of human fibrin. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1974; 31:52-62. [PMID: 4836137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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Egorov NS, Ushakova VI. [Formation of coagulases coagulating human plasma and blood by non-pathogenic fungi of the genus aspergillus]. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 1973; 211:221-3. [PMID: 4722106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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33
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Fumarola D, Marcuccio L, Semeraro N. [Staphylocoagulase and platelet aggregation]. Pathologica 1973; 65:25-8. [PMID: 4794086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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34
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35
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36
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Fumarola D, Giordano D, Scuderi N. [The activity of the reticulo-histiocytic system in the rabbit treated with staphylocoagulase. Functional and histological studies]. Boll Ist Sieroter Milan 1971; 50:520-31. [PMID: 4132182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Zimmermann H, Habermann E, Lasch HG. [Influence of Echis carinata venom on hemostasis]. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1971; 25:425-37. [PMID: 5561955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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38
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San Clemente CL. Serologic and clinical reaction in cows to staphylococcic antigens. Am J Vet Res 1970; 31:643-51. [PMID: 5437107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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39
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Lallouette P, Richou R, Schwartz A. [Staphylocoagulase, specific immunity and inflammation]. Rev Immunol (Paris) 1970; 34:39-45. [PMID: 5428517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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40
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41
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42
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Mojovic B, Mojovic N, Tager M, Drummond MC. Staphylocoagulase as a hemostatic agent. Yale J Biol Med 1969; 42:11-20. [PMID: 5346697 PMCID: PMC2591512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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44
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Jeljaszewicz J. The mechanism of action of staphylococcal coagulase. Pol Med Sci Hist Bull 1969; 12:57-62. [PMID: 5770244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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45
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Jeljaszewicz J. [Mechanism of activity of staphylococcal coagulase]. Pol Tyg Lek 1968; 23:1566-8. [PMID: 5702419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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46
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Josso F, Dosne AM. [Experimental defibrination syndromes]. Nouv Rev Fr Hematol 1968; 8:35-44. [PMID: 4232148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Kopeć M, Wegrzynowicz Z, Budzyński AZ, Jeljaszewicz J, Latallo ZS, Lipiński B, Kowalski E. Formation and properties of fibrin clots resulting from staphylocoagulase (SC) action. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967; 18:475-86. [PMID: 5590240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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48
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Abramson C, Friedman H. Enzymatic activity of primary isolates of staphylococci in relation to antibiotic resistance and phage type. J Infect Dis 1967; 117:242-8. [PMID: 4291079 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/117.3.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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49
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Soulier JP, Prou-Wartelle O. Study of thrombin-coagulase. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967; 17:321-34. [PMID: 5589292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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50
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Niemetz J, Nossel HL. Method of purification and properties of anti-XIa (inhibitor of the contact product). Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967; 17:335-48. [PMID: 5589293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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