1
|
Zhao R, Han HZ, Li SH, Zhang LH, Wang F, Zhang N. Functional identification of AaMYB113 and AaMYB114 from Aeonium arboreum 'Halloween' in model plants. Gene 2024; 927:148699. [PMID: 38880185 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Aeonium arboreum 'Halloween', a popular indoor ornamental succulent in China, changes its leaf colour to red on light exposure. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms is still vague. Comparative analysis of transcriptome data from 'Halloween' leaves treated under dark and light conditions revealed two R2R3-MYB transcription factors, AaMYB113 and AaMYB114, that may mediate anthocyanin accumulation. In this study, we cloned the AaMYB113 and AaMYB114 genes, encoding proteins of 279 and 248 amino acids, respectively. Transcriptional activity analysis revealed that AaMYB113 exhibits strong transcriptional activity, in contrast to AaMYB114, which demonstrates minimal activity. Transient expression studies in tobacco leaves demonstrated that AaMYB113 induced red pigmentation, whereas AaMYB114 did not. Subsequent stable overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed that AaMYB113, but not AaMYB114, could similarly turn Arabidopsis leaves red. Further stable transformation of AaMYB113 in tobacco affected multiple floral components, including leaves, petals, calyx, flower tubes, and filaments, turning them red. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay in leaves of AaMYB113 stably transformed tobacco and Arabidopsis revealed upregulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related structural genes and TT8-like transcription factors. Moreover, the dual luciferase analysis confirmed that AaMYB113 can activate the promoters of 'Halloween' anthocyanin synthesis structural genes, AaCHS, AaCHI, AaF3H, AaDFR and AaANS. The above results indicate that AaMYB113 can promote anthocyanin synthesis, while AaMYB114 does not have this function. This study contributes significantly to the limited body of research on the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin synthesis in succulents, advancing our understanding of how these pathways are regulated in 'Halloween' succulents and potentially other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- College of Materials and Biology, Suqian University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| | - Hao-Zhang Han
- College of Materials and Biology, Suqian University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China.
| | - Su-Hua Li
- College of Materials and Biology, Suqian University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- College of Materials and Biology, Suqian University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Materials and Biology, Suqian University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Materials and Biology, Suqian University, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ni D, Mao S, Yang Y, Tian J, Chen C, Tu H, Ye X, Yang F. Phenolic metabolites changes during baijiu fermentation through non-targeted metabonomic. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101531. [PMID: 38911472 PMCID: PMC11192982 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the changes of phenolic metabolite during different grains fermentation stages of Chinse Baijiu, the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) was applied to identify and analyze the different phenolic metabolites, combined with principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Results indicated that significant differences in phenolic metabolites during different fermentation stages were found. Among the 231 phenolic metabolites detected, 36, 31, 19, 23, 14, and 50 differential phenolic metabolites were screened between different groups using partial least squares discriminant analysis. Twelve metabolic pathways with high correlation of differential phenolic metabolites and 23 main participating differential metabolites were identified through KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. The present study preliminarily revealed the differences of phenolic metabolites at different fermentation stages, and providing a theoretical basis for the further improving of the taste and quality of Chinese Baijiu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derang Ni
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Shuifang Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yubo Yang
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Jinhu Tian
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Huabin Tu
- Moutai Group, Institute of Science and Technology, Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Cheng L, Shang H, Chen Q, Lu M, Mu D, Li X, Meng X, Wu Y, Han X, Liu D, Xu Y. Research advances of coloring mechanism regulated by MicroRNAs in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109036. [PMID: 39128404 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
In plants, microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of important small RNAs involved in their growth and development, and play a very significant role in regulating their tissue coloring. In this paper, the mechanisms on miRNA regulation of plant coloring are mainly reviewed from three aspects: macroscopic physiological and molecular foundations related to tissue coloring, miRNA biosynthesis and function, and specific analysis of miRNA regulation studies on leaf color, flower color, fruit color, and other tissue color formation in plants. Furthermore, we also systematically summarize the miRNA regulatory mechanisms identified on pigments biosynthesis and color formation in plants, and the regulatory mechanisms of these miRNAs mentioned on the existing researches can be divided into four main categories: directly targeting the related transcription factors, directly targeting the related structural genes, directly targeting the related long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) and miRNA-mediated production of trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs). Together, these research results aim to provide a theoretical reference for the in-depth study of plant coloring mechanism and molecular breeding study of related plants in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Zhang
- Landscape Architecture Research Center, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Lizhen Cheng
- Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Hong Shang
- Landscape Architecture Research Center, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Landscape Architecture Research Center, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Landscape Architecture Research Center, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Deyu Mu
- Landscape Architecture Research Center, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Landscape Architecture Research Center, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Landscape Architecture Research Center, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Yawei Wu
- Landscape Architecture Research Center, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Xin Han
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Daliang Liu
- Landscape Architecture Research Center, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China.
| | - Yanfang Xu
- Landscape Architecture Research Center, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Liang C, Ren Y, Lv Z, Huang J. Interaction of ubiquitin-like protein SILENCING DEFECTIVE 2 with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 is required for regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to sucrose. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1374-1386. [PMID: 38558017 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been well documented at the transcriptional and translational levels. By contrast, how anthocyanin biosynthesis is epigenetically regulated remains largely unknown. In this study, we employed genetic, molecular biology, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to identify a regulatory module essential for repressing the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis through chromatin remodeling. We found that SILENCING DEFECTIVE 2 (SDE2), which was previously identified as a negative regulator for sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis, is cleaved into N-terminal SDE2-UBL and C-terminal SDE2-C fragments at the first diglycine motif, and the cleaved SDE2-C, which can fully complement the sde2 mutant, is localized in the nucleus and physically interacts with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) in vitro and in vivo. Genetic analyses showed that both SDE2 and LHP1 act as negative factors for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Consistently, immunoblot analysis revealed that the level of LHP1-bound histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) significantly decreases in sde2 and lhp1 mutants, compared to wild-type (WT). In addition, we found that sugar can induce expression of SDE2 and LHP1, and enhance the level of the nucleus-localized SDE2-C. Taken together, our data suggest that the SDE2-C-LHP1 module is required for repression of gene expression through H3K27me3 modification during sugar-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Chengcheng Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhaojun Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Q, Liu H, Li C, Liu X, Liu G, Li Z. Citric acid treatment inhibits fading of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) by modulating the accumulation of flavonoids. Food Chem 2024; 460:140612. [PMID: 39089034 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Sorghum seeds can discolor during storage. Treatment of seeds with citric acid improves sensory quality and antioxidant activity. This study compared the differences in phenotypic and antioxidant activity between citric acid-treated and water-treated sorghum seeds. The study used transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches to investigate the regulatory mechanisms. The ∆a, ∆b and ∆l values of citric acid-treated sorghum seeds significantly increased after 6 months of storage. The SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activities of the citric acid-treated group were 1.94, 1.91 and 2.45 times higher than those of the control, respectively. The joint transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed that the citric acid-induced changes were mainly focused on the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Citric acid treatment up-regulated CHS, ANR, MYB and bHLH genes and promoted flavonoid accumulation. In conclusion, citric acid treatment promotes flavonoid accumulation, delays sorghum seed discoloration, and enhances antioxidant activity and storage life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Liu
- College of Agriculture/Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; CRRC Guiyang Vehicle Co., LTD., 550025,China.
| | - Hongkai Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Culture and Tourism, University of Jinan, Jinan 250002, China.
| | - ChenLan Li
- Green Pesticide National Key Laboratory, Fine Chemical Research and Development Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025,China.
| | - XueXu Liu
- College of Agriculture/Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- CRRC Guiyang Vehicle Co., LTD., 550025,China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- College of Agriculture/Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu J, Gao Y, Wang J, Guo A, Qin N, Xing G, Li S. Comparative analysis of chloroplast genome and evolutionary history of Hemerocallis. Front Genet 2024; 15:1433548. [PMID: 39130749 PMCID: PMC11310003 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1433548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Hemerocallis have significant value as ornamental, edible, and medicinal plants, particularly in China, where they have been utilized for thousands of years as both a vegetable and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Hemerocallis species exhibit strict control over flowering time, with individuals flowering either diurnally or nocturnally. However, our understanding of the evolutionary history of this genus, especially concerning important horticultural traits, remains limited. In this study, sequencing and assembly efforts were conducted on 73 samples within the Hemerocallis genus. All accessions were classified into two distinct groups based on their diurnal (daylilies) or nocturnal (nightlilies) flowering habits. Comparative analysis of the chloroplast genomes from these two groups identified fifteen variant hotspot regions, including fourteen SNPs and one deletion, which hold promise for the development of molecular markers for interspecific identification. Phylogenetic trees, generated through both maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference methods using 76 shared protein-coding sequences, revealed that diurnal flowering evolved prior to nocturnal flowering. The divergence between the two groups is estimated to have occurred approximately 0.82 MYA (95% CI: 0.35-1.45 MYA). The ancestral state of Hemerocallis is hypothesized to have featured diurnal flowering with orange yellow petals. This study marks the first reconstruction of the evolutionary history and ancestral state of the genus Hemerocallis. The findings contribute significantly to our understanding of the adaptation and speciation history within the genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinyao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aihua Guo
- Department of Life Science, Lyuliang University, Lüliang, China
| | - Nannan Qin
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guoming Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taiyuan, China
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, China
| | - Sen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taiyuan, China
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miao C, Song C, Ding N, Zuo X, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Mu J, Wang F. De novo transcriptome analysis identifies RpMYB1 as an activator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Rehmannia piasezkii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:108964. [PMID: 39094477 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Rehmannia piasezkii is a kind of medicinal plants, of the Orobanchaceae family, and well known for its large pink or purple corolla. However, no research on the molecular mechanism of flower color formation in R. piasezkii has been conducted so far. In this study, we investigated the transcriptome of root, stem, leaf and corollas of R. piasezkii using transcriptome sequencing technology and assembled 144,582 unigenes. A total of 58 anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were identified in the R. piasezkii transcriptome, fourteen of which were highly correlated with anthocyanin content, especially RpF3H2, RpDFR2, RpANS1, RpANS2 and RpUFGT. Totally, 35 MYB genes with FPKM values greater than 5 were identified in the R. piasezkii transcriptome, including an R2R3 MYB transcriptional factor RpMYB1, which belongs to subgroup 6 of the R2R3 MYB family. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that overexpression of RpMYB1 could activate the expression of structural genes in anthocyanin synthesis pathway and promote the accumulation of anthocyanins in N. benthamiana leaves, indicating that RpMYB1 is a positive regulator of anthocyanin synthesis. Furthermore, combined transient overexpression of RpMYB1 with RpANS1, RpMYB1+RpANS1 with other structural genes all could further enhance the accumulation of anthocyanins in N. benthamiana leaves. Permanent overexpression of RpMYB1 in R. glutinosa promoted anthocyanin accumulation and expression levels of RgCHS, RgF3H, RgDFR and RgANS. Further evidence from dual-luciferase assay suggested that RpMYB1 could bind to the promoter of RpDFR2 and hence activating its expression. These findings provide insight into the molecular regulation in anthocyanin biosynthesis in R. piasezkii and provide valuable genetic resources for the genetic improvement of flower color.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Miao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ci Song
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ning Ding
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Jing Mu
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Fengqing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jariani P, Shahnejat-Bushehri AA, Naderi R, Zargar M, Naghavi MR. Characterization of key genes in anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis during floral development in Rosa canina L. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133937. [PMID: 39029843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the transition of Rosa canina L. petals from pink to white, driven by genetic and biochemical factors. It characterizes the expression of ten key genes involved in anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis across five developmental stages, correlating gene expression with flavonoid and anthocyanin concentrations and colorimetric changes. Initially, the petals exhibit a rich flavonoid profile, dominated by Rutin and Kaempferol derivatives. The peak anthocyanin concentration, corresponding to the deepest color saturation, occurs in the subsequent stage. Advanced chromatographic analyses identify key flavonoids persisting into the final white petal stage. Notably, the ANS gene shows a dramatic 137.82-fold increase in expression at the final stage, indicating its crucial role in petal color maturation despite the absence of visible pigmentation. The study provides a comprehensive characterization of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying petal pigmentation, suggesting that reduced anthocyanin synthesis and increased flavonol concentration led to white petals. It also highlights the roles of other genes such as PAL, CCD1, FLS, CHI, CHS, UFGT, F3H, DFR, and RhMYB1, indicating that post-translational modifications and other regulatory mechanisms may influence anthocyanin stability and degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Jariani
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
| | - Ali-Akbar Shahnejat-Bushehri
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
| | - Roohangiz Naderi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
| | - Meisam Zargar
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran; Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Agriculture, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Chen L, Yao Y, Chen L, Cui Y, An L, Li X, Bai Y, Yao X, Wu K. Investigating the regulatory role of HvANT2 in anthocyanin biosynthesis through protein-motif interaction in Qingke. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17736. [PMID: 39006012 PMCID: PMC11246018 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there are no reports on the HvbHLH gene family in the recent barley genome (Morex_V3). Furthermore, the structural genes related to anthocyanin synthesis that interact with HvANT2 have yet to be fully identified. Methods In this study, a bioinformatics approach was used to systematically analyze the HvbHLH gene family. The expression of this gene family was analyzed through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and the gene with the most significant expression level, HvANT2, was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in different tissues of two differently colored varieties. Finally, structural genes related to anthocyanin synthesis and their interactions with HvANT2 were verified using a yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay. Results The study identified 161 bHLH genes, designated as HvbHLH1 to HvbHLH161, from the most recent barley genome available. Evolutionary tree analysis categorized barley bHLH TFs into 21 subfamilies, demonstrating a pronounced similarity to rice and maize. Through RNA-Seq analysis of purple and white grain Qingke, we discovered a significant transcription factor (TF), HvANT2 (HvbHLH78), associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Subsequently, HvANT2 protein-motifs interaction assays revealed 41 interacting motifs, three of which were validated through Y1H experiments. These validated motifs were found in the promoter regions of key structural genes (CHI, F3'H, and GT) integral to the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. These findings provide substantial evidence for the pivotal role of HvANT2 TF in anthocyanin biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Youhua Yao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lupeng Chen
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yongmei Cui
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Likun An
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yixiong Bai
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Kunlun Wu
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, Qinghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yaneva TG, Wiczkowski W, Marchev AS, Iserliyska D, Georgiev MI, Tomlekova NB. Evaluation of Polyphenols Synthesized in Mature Seeds of Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Advanced Mutant Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5638. [PMID: 38891825 PMCID: PMC11172207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the availability of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids in mutant bean seeds, focusing on M7 mutant lines, and their corresponding initial and local cultivars. HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and HPLC-MS/MS were used to analyze twenty-eight genotypes of common bean. The obtained results suggest that the mutations resulted in four newly synthesized anthocyanins in the mutant bean seeds, namely, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, and petunidin 3-O-glucoside, in 20 accessions with colored seed shapes out of the total of 28. Importantly, the initial cultivar with white seeds, as well as the mutant white seeds, did not contain anthocyanins. The mutant lines were classified into groups based on their colors as novel qualitative characteristics. Five phenolic acids were further quantified: ferulic, p-coumaric, caffeic, sinapic, and traces of chlorogenic acids. Flavonoids were represented by epicatechin, quercetin, and luteolin, and their concentrations in the mutant genotypes were several-fold superior compared to those of the initial cultivar. All mutant lines exhibited higher concentrations of phenolic acids and flavonoids. These findings contribute to the understanding of the genetics and biochemistry of phenolic accumulation and anthocyanin production in common bean seeds, which is relevant to health benefits and might have implications for common bean breeding programs and food security efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teodora G. Yaneva
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Food Preservation and Quality, Agricultural Academy, 154 Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4027 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Wieslaw Wiczkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10 Tuwima Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrey S. Marchev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dida Iserliyska
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Food Preservation and Quality, Agricultural Academy, 154 Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4027 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nasya B. Tomlekova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Breeding, Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Academy, 32 Brezovsko Shosse Str., 4003 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bouillon P, Fanciullino AL, Belin E, Bréard D, Boisard S, Bonnet B, Hanteville S, Bernard F, Celton JM. Image analysis and polyphenol profiling unveil red-flesh apple phenotype complexity. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:71. [PMID: 38755652 PMCID: PMC11100172 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic basis of colour development in red-flesh apples (Malus domestica Borkh) has been widely characterised; however, current models do not explain the observed variations in red pigmentation intensity and distribution. Available methods to evaluate the red-flesh trait rely on the estimation of an average overall colour using a discrete class notation index. However, colour variations among red-flesh cultivars are continuous while development of red colour is non-homogeneous and genotype-dependent. A robust estimation of red-flesh colour intensity and distribution is essential to fully capture the diversity among genotypes and provide a basis to enable identification of loci influencing the red-flesh trait. RESULTS In this study, we developed a multivariable approach to evaluate the red-flesh trait in apple. This method was implemented to study the phenotypic diversity in a segregating hybrid F1 family (91 genotypes). We developed a Python pipeline based on image and colour analysis to quantitatively dissect the red-flesh pigmentation from RGB (Red Green Blue) images and compared the efficiency of RGB and CIEL*a*b* colour spaces in discriminating genotypes previously classified with a visual notation. Chemical destructive methods, including targeted-metabolite analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UPLC-UV), were performed to quantify major phenolic compounds in fruits' flesh, as well as pH and water contents. Multivariate analyses were performed to study covariations of biochemical factors in relation to colour expression in CIEL*a*b* colour space. Our results indicate that anthocyanin, flavonol and flavanol concentrations, as well as pH, are closely related to flesh pigmentation in apple. CONCLUSTION Extraction of colour descriptors combined to chemical analyses helped in discriminating genotypes in relation to their flesh colour. These results suggest that the red-flesh trait in apple is a complex trait associated with several biochemical factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bouillon
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
- IFO, 49140, Seiches sur le Loir, France
| | | | - Etienne Belin
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
| | - Dimitri Bréard
- SONAS, SFR QUASAVUniv Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, Univ Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Séverine Boisard
- SONAS, SFR QUASAVUniv Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, Univ Angers, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - Béatrice Bonnet
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
| | - Sylvain Hanteville
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Celton
- Univ Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 , Angers, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiao K, Tan F, Zhang A, Zhou Y, Zhu W, Bao C, Zha D, Wu X. Fine Mapping of Candidate Gene Controlling Anthocyanin Biosynthesis for Purple Peel in Solanum melongena L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5241. [PMID: 38791283 PMCID: PMC11121509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fruit color is an intuitive quality of horticultural crops that can be used as an evaluation criterion for fruit ripening and is an important factor affecting consumers' purchase choices. In this study, a genetic population from the cross of green peel 'Qidong' and purple peel '8 guo' revealed that the purple to green color of eggplant peel is dominant and controlled by a pair of alleles. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA), SNP haplotyping, and fine genetic mapping delimited candidate genes to a 350 kb region of eggplant chromosome 10 flanked by markers KA2381 and CA8828. One ANS gene (EGP22363) was predicted to be a candidate gene based on gene annotation and sequence alignment of the 350-kb region. Sequence analysis revealed that a single base mutation of 'T' to 'C' on the exon green peel, which caused hydrophobicity to become hydrophilic serine, led to a change in the three-level spatial structure. Additionally, EGP22363 was more highly expressed in purple peels than in green peels. Collectively, EGP22363 is a strong candidate gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple eggplant peels. These results provide important information for molecular marker-assisted selection in eggplants, and a basis for analyzing the regulatory pathways responsible for anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (K.X.); (F.T.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Feng Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (K.X.); (F.T.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Aidong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (K.X.); (F.T.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yaru Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (K.X.); (F.T.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (K.X.); (F.T.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Chonglai Bao
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Dingshi Zha
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (K.X.); (F.T.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xuexia Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (K.X.); (F.T.); (A.Z.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (D.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao X, Feng Y, Ke D, Teng Y, Yuan Z. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles reveal fruit peel color variation in two red pomegranate cultivars. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:51. [PMID: 38691187 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) which belongs to family Lythraceae, is one of the most important fruit crops of many tropical and subtropical regions. A high variability in fruit color is observed among different pomegranate accessions, which arises from the qualitative and quantitative differences in anthocyanins. However, the mechanism of fruit color variation is still not fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the red color mutation between a red-skinned pomegranate 'Hongbaoshi' and a purple-red-skinned cultivar 'Moshiliu', by using transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. A total of 51 anthocyanins were identified from fruit peels, among which 3-glucoside and 3,5-diglucoside of cyanidin (Cy), delphinidin (Dp), and pelargonidin (Pg) were dominant. High proportion of Pg in early stages of 'Hongbaoshi' but high Dp in late stages of 'Moshiliu' were characterized. The unique high levels of Cy and Dp anthocyanins accumulating from early developmental stages accounted for the purple-red phenotype of 'Moshiliu'. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an early down-regulated and late up-regulated of anthocyanin-related structure genes in 'Moshiliu' compared with 'Hongbaoshi'. Alao, ANR was specially expressed in 'Hongbaoshi', with extremely low expression levels in 'Moshiliu'. For transcription factors R2R3-MYB, the profiles demonstrated a much higher transcription levels of three subgroup (SG) 5 MYBs and a sharp decrease in expression of SG6 MYB LOC116202527 in high-anthocyanin 'Moshiliu'. SG4 MYBs exhibited two entirely different patterns, LOC116203744 and LOC116212505 were down-regulated whereas LOC116205515 and LOC116212778 were up-regulated in 'Moshiliu' pomegranate. The results indicate that specific SG members of the MYB family might promote the peel coloration in different manners and play important roles in color mutation in pomegranate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yingyi Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Ding Ke
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yingfen Teng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhaohe Yuan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng L, Zhang J, He H, Meng Z, Wang Y, Guo S, Liang C. Anthocyanin gene enrichment in the distal region of cotton chromosome A07: mechanisms of reproductive organ coloration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1381071. [PMID: 38699538 PMCID: PMC11063239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1381071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The biosynthesis of secondary metabolites like anthocyanins is often governed by metabolic gene clusters (MGCs) in the plant ancestral genome. However, the existence of gene clusters specifically regulating anthocyanin accumulation in certain organs is not well understood. Methods and results In this study, we identify MGCs linked to the coloration of cotton reproductive organs, such as petals, spots, and fibers. Through genetic analysis and map-based cloning, we pinpointed key genes on chromosome A07, such as PCC/GhTT19, which is involved in anthocyanin transport, and GbBM and GhTT2-3A, which are associated with the regulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. Our results demonstrate the coordinated control of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin pathways, highlighting the evolutionary significance of MGCs in plant adaptation. The conservation of these clusters in cotton chromosome A07 across species underscores their importance in reproductive development and color variation. Our study sheds light on the complex biosynthesis and transport mechanisms for plant pigments, emphasizing the role of transcription factors and transport proteins in pigment accumulation. Discussion This research offers insights into the genetic basis of color variation in cotton reproductive organs and the potential of MGCs to enhance our comprehension of plant secondary metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuchang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jilong Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan He
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang R, Yang X, Wang T, Li B, Li P, Zhang Q. Integration of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms of Flower Color Formation in Prunus mume. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1077. [PMID: 38674486 PMCID: PMC11054544 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Flower color is an important trait that affects the economic value of Prunus mume, a famous ornamental plant in the Rosaceae family. P. mume with purple-red flowers is uniquely charming and highly favored in landscape applications. However, little is known about its flower coloring mechanism, which stands as a critical obstacle on the path to innovative breeding for P. mume flower color. In this study, transcriptomic and targeted metabolomic analyses of purple-red P. mume and white P. mume were performed to elucidate the mechanism of flower color formation. In addition, the expression patterns of key genes were analyzed using an RT-qPCR experiment. The results showed that the differential metabolites were significantly enriched in the flavonoid synthesis pathway. A total of 14 anthocyanins emerged as the pivotal metabolites responsible for the differences in flower color between the two P. mume cultivars, comprising seven cyanidin derivatives, five pelargonium derivatives, and two paeoniflorin derivatives. Moreover, the results clarified that the metabolic pathway determining flower color in purple-red P. mume encompasses two distinct branches: cyanidin and pelargonidin, excluding the delphinidin branch. Additionally, through the integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data, we identified 18 key genes responsible for anthocyanin regulation, thereby constructing the gene regulatory network for P. mume anthocyanin synthesis. Among them, ten genes (PmCHI, PmGT2, PmGT5, PmGST3, PmMYB17, PmMYB22, PmMYB23, PmbHLH4, PmbHLH10, and PmbHLH20) related to anthocyanin synthesis were significantly positively correlated with anthocyanin contents, indicating that they may be the key contributors to anthocyanin accumulation. Our investigation contributes a novel perspective to understanding the mechanisms responsible for flower color formation in P. mume. The findings of this study introduce novel strategies for molecular design breeding aimed at manipulating flower color in P. mume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Wang
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.)
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Tao Wang
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Baohui Li
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.)
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (R.W.); (X.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu C, Xue X, Li Z, Chen M, Yang Y, Wang S, Shang M, Qiu L, Zhao X, Hu W. The PpMYB75-PpDFR module reveals the difference between 'SR' and its bud variant 'RMHC' in peach red flesh. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:241-254. [PMID: 38194204 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
'Red Meat Honey Crisp (RMHC)' has been widely cultivated by growers in recent years due to its early maturity, and red meat type characteristics. As a bud variant of 'Super Red (SR)' peach, red flesh is the most distinctive characteristic of 'Red Meat Honey Crisp (RMHC)'. However, the mechanism of red flesh formation in 'RMHC' remains unclear. In this study, 79 differentially produced metabolites were identified by metabolomics analysis. The anthocyanin content in 'RMHC' was significantly higher than that in 'SR' during the same period, such as cyanidin O-syringic acid and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. Other flavonoids also increased during the formation of red flesh, including flavonols (6-hydroxykaempferol-7-O-glucoside, hyperin), flavanols (protocatechuic acid, (+)-gallocatechin), and flavonoids (chrysoeriol 5-O-hexoside, tricetin). In addition, transcriptomic analysis and RT-qPCR showed that the expression levels of the flavonoid synthesis pathway transcription factor MYB75 and some structural genes, such as PpDFR, PpCHS, PpC4H, and PpLDOX increased significantly in 'RMHC'. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that MYB75 was localized to the nucleus. Yeast single hybridization assays showed that MYB75 bound to the cis-acting element CCGTTG of the PpDFR promoter region. The MYB75-PpDFR regulatory network was identified to be a key pathway in the reddening of 'RMHC' flesh. Moreover, this is the first study to describe the cause for red meat reddening in 'RMHC' compared to 'SR' peaches using transcriptomics, metabolomics and molecular methods. Our study identified a key transcription factor involved in the regulation of the flavonoid synthetic pathway and contributes to peach breeding-related efforts as well as the identification of genes involved in color formation in other species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- Pomology Institute of Shandong Province, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Zhixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Mingguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Yating Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Siyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Mingrui Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Lei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Xianyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China.
| | - Wenxiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zou J, Huang S, Gao Y, Fu W, Liu Z, Feng H, Zhang M. Mutation in BrFLS encoding flavonol synthase induced anthocyanin accumulation in Chinese cabbage. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:44. [PMID: 38324148 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE BrFLS mutation promoted anthocyanin accumulation in Chinese cabbage, which was verified in four allelic mutants. Chinese cabbage is a major vegetable crop in Eastern Asia. Anthocyanin-rich vibrantly colored varieties are increasingly favored by consumers for their higher nutritional and aesthetic value compared to the typical green varieties of Chinese cabbage. Herein, we identified an anthocyanin accumulation mutant aam1 from a mutant library of EMS-mutagenized Chinese cabbage DH line 'FT', which appeared partial purple on leaves, bolting stems and floral buds. This anthocyanin accumulation trait was genetically controlled by a recessive nuclear gene, and through MutMap mapping and KASP genotyping, BraA10g030950.3C was identified as the candidate causal gene with a G202 to A202 non-synonymous SNP variation in exon 1. Three additional mutants allelic to aam1 were obtained via screening of similar-phenotype mutants from the mutant library, namely aam2/3/4, where the causal SNPs reside in the same gene as aam1, corroborating that the mutation of BraA10g030950.3C caused anthocyanin accumulation. BraA10g030950.3C encodes a flavonol synthase that catalyzes dihydroflavonols substrate into flavonols and is homologous to Arabidopsis FLS1 (AT5G08640), named BrFLS. Compared to wildtype, the expression level of BrFLS was significantly reduced in the mutants, while BrDFR, which is involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis and competes with FLS for the common substrate dihydroflavonols, was increased. The flavonol synthase activity decreased, and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase activity was elevated. Differentially accumulated flavonoid metabolites were detected between wildtype and aam1, which were enriched primarily in flavonol and anthocyanin pathways. Our results revealed that mutations in the BrFLS gene could contribute to anthocyanin accumulation and provide a new target for Chinese cabbage color modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zou
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meidi Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin City, 132101, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu S, Wang Y, Li T, Shi H, Kong D, Pang J, Wang Z, Meng H, Gao Y, Wang X, Hong Y, Zhu JK, Zhan X, Wang Z. Chromosome-scale assembly and gene editing of Solanum americanum genome reveals the basis for thermotolerance and fruit anthocyanin composition. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:15. [PMID: 38184817 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Solanum americanum serves as a promising source of resistance genes against potato late blight and is considered as a leafy vegetable for complementary food and nutrition. The limited availability of high-quality genome assemblies and gene annotations has hindered the exploration and exploitation of stress-resistance genes in S. americanum. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of a thermotolerant S. americanum ecotype and identify a crucial heat-inducible transcription factor gene, SaHSF17, essential for heat tolerance. The CRISPR/Cas9 system-mediated knockout of SaHSF17 results in remarkably reduced thermotolerance in S. americanum, exhibiting a significant suppression of multiple HSP gene expressions under heat treatment. Furthermore, our transcriptome analysis and anthocyanin component investigation of fruits indicated that delphinidins are the major anthocyanins accumulated in the mature dark-purple fruits. The accumulation of delphinidins and other pigment components during fruit ripening in S. americanum coincides with the transcriptional regulation of key genes, particularly the F3'5'H and F3'H genes, in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. By integrating existing knowledge, the development of this high-quality reference genome for S. americanum will facilitate the identification and utilization of novel abiotic and biotic stress-resistance genes for improvement of Solanaceae and other crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuojun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Tingting Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Huazhong Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Dali Kong
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Pang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Huiying Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yechun Hong
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiangqiang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xiang N, Chang X, Qin L, Li K, Wang S, Guo X. Insights into tissue-specific anthocyanin accumulation in Japanese plum ( Prunus salicina L.) fruits: A comparative study of three cultivars. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2023; 7:100178. [PMID: 37554520 PMCID: PMC10404606 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, three matured Japanese plum cultivars with different colored peel and flesh were selected to mine the key transcription factors regulating anthocyanin formation in tissues. Results showed that PsMYB10 was correlated with structural genes C4H, F3H, and ANS. PsMYB6 could positively regulate C4H (r = 0.732) and accumulated anthocyanins in Sanhua plum's flesh. Sanhua plum has the highest phenolic and anthocyanin contents (10.24 ± 0.37 gallic acid equivalent mg g-1 dry weight (DW) and 68.95 ± 1.03 μg g-1 DW), resulting itself superior biological activity as 367.1 ± 42.9 Trolox equivalent mg g-1 DW in oxygen radical absorbance capacity value and 72.79 ± 4.34 quercetin equivalent mg g-1 DW in cellular antioxidant activity value. The present work provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of tissue-specific anthocyanin biosynthesis, confirming the pivotal role of anthocyanins in the biological activity of plums, providing essential support for the development of horticultural products enriched with anthocyanins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xiaoxiao Chang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liuwei Qin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kun Li
- Crop Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siyun Wang
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou B, Zheng B, Wu W. The ncRNAs Involved in the Regulation of Abiotic Stress-Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:55. [PMID: 38247480 PMCID: PMC10812613 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved complicated defense and adaptive systems to grow in various abiotic stress environments such as drought, cold, and salinity. Anthocyanins belong to the secondary metabolites of flavonoids with strong antioxidant activity in response to various abiotic stress and enhance stress tolerance. Anthocyanin accumulation often accompanies the resistance to abiotic stress in plants to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent research evidence showed that many regulatory pathways such as osmoregulation, antioxidant response, plant hormone response, photosynthesis, and respiration regulation are involved in plant adaption to stress. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in relation to abiotic stress response have remained obscure. Here, we summarize the current research progress of specific regulators including small RNAs, and lncRNAs involved in the molecular regulation of abiotic stress-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, an integrated regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcription factors, and stress response factors is also discussed. Understanding molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis for ROS scavenging in various abiotic stress responses will benefit us for resistance breeding in crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Baojiang Zheng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Weilin Wu
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ren H, Xu D, Xiao W, Zhou X, Li G, Zou J, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zheng Y. Chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of Zicaitai (Brassica rapa var. purpuraria). Sci Data 2023; 10:759. [PMID: 37923891 PMCID: PMC10624672 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zicaitai is a seasonal vegetable known for its high anthocyanin content in both stalks and leaves, yet its reference genome has not been published to date. Here, we generated the first chromosome-level genome assembly of Zicaitai using a combination of PacBio long-reads, Illumina short-reads, and Hi-C sequencing techniques. The final genome length is 474.12 Mb with a scaffold N50 length of 43.82 Mb, a BUSCO score of 99.30% and the LAI score of 10.14. Repetitive elements accounted for 60.89% (288.72 Mb) of the genome, and Hi-C data enabled the allocation of 430.87 Mb of genome sequences to ten pseudochromosomes. A total of 42,051 protein-coding genes were successfully predicted using multiple methods, of which 99.74% were functionally annotated. Notably, comparing the genome of Zicaitai with seven other species in the Cruciferae family revealed strong conservation in terms of gene numbers and structures. Overall, the high-quality genome assembly provides a critical resource for studying the genetic basis of important agronomic traits in Zicaitai.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Ren
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510308, China
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Donglin Xu
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Wanyu Xiao
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Xianyu Zhou
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Guangguang Li
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Jiwen Zou
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510308, China.
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510308, China.
| | - Yansong Zheng
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510308, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Habibi F, García-Pastor ME, Puente-Moreno J, Garrido-Auñón F, Serrano M, Valero D. Anthocyanin in blood oranges: a review on postharvest approaches for its enhancement and preservation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12089-12101. [PMID: 35822279 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanin concentration is considered an important fruit quality index of blood oranges and has gained popularity among consumers due to its antioxidant capacity, therapeutic properties, and prevention of some human diseases. Anthocyanin biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum by multi-enzymes complexes through the flavonoid pathway. Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and β-glucosidase (anthocyanase) are the enzymes responsible for anthocyanin degradation. Blood oranges are cold-dependent for anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, and thus, the low temperature of storage can enhance anthocyanin concentration and improve internal fruit quality. In addition, anthocyanin accumulation can be accelerated by postharvest technologies, either physical treatments or chemical elicitors. However, low temperatures can induce chilling injury (CI) incidence in blood oranges. Postharvest chemical elicitors treatments can enhance anthocyanin accumulation and prevent CI. This review provides the most updated information about postharvest tools modulating the anthocyanin content, and the role of enhancing and preserving pigmentation to produce blood orange with the highest quality standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Jenifer Puente-Moreno
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Garrido-Auñón
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang Z, Zhou D, Li S, Pan J, Liang J, Wu X, Wu XN, Krall L, Zhu G. Multiomics Analysis Reveals the Chemical and Genetic Bases of Pigmented Potato Tuber. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16402-16416. [PMID: 37856829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins and carotenoids determine the diversity of potato tuber flesh pigmentation; here, the underlying chemical and genetic bases were elucidated by multiomics analyses. A total of 31 anthocyanins and 30 carotenoids were quantified in five differently pigmented tubers. Cyanidin and pelargonidin derivatives determined the redness, while malvidin, petunidin, and delphinidin derivatives contributed to purpleness. Violaxanthin derivatives determined the light-yellow color, while zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin derivatives further enhanced the deep-yellow deposition. Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses identified that F3'5'H highly enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple flesh and was responsible for metabolic divergence between red and purple samples. BCH2 significantly enhanced carotenoid biosynthesis in yellow samples and along with ZEP, NCED1, and CCD1 genes determined metabolic divergence between light and deep-yellow samples. The weighted correlation network analysis constructed a regulatory network revealing the central role of AN1 in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, and 10 new transcription factors related to anthocyanin and carotenoid metabolism regulation were identified. Our findings provide targeted genes controlling tuber pigmentation, which will be meaningful for the genetic manipulation of tuber quality improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- Yunnan key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Dao Zhou
- Yunnan key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Shalan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Yunnan key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Yunnan key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xu Na Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Leonard Krall
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guangtao Zhu
- Yunnan key Laboratory of Potato Biology, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sun Y, Hu P, Jiang Y, Li J, Chang J, Zhang H, Shao H, Zhou Y. Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Petal Anthocyanin Accumulation Mechanism in Gloriosa superba 'Rothschildiana' during Different Flower Development Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15034. [PMID: 37894715 PMCID: PMC10606226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flower color is a key ornamental trait in plants. The petals of Gloriosa superba 'Rothschildiana' petals undergo a color transformation from yellow to red during their development, but the molecular mechanism of this process remains unexplored. This study examines the anthocyanin profiles and gene expression patterns of 'Rothschildiana' petals across four developmental stages: bud (S1), initial opening (S2), half opening (S3), and full opening stage (S4). A total of 59 anthocyanins were identified with significant increases in cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside levels observed during petal maturation. Transcriptome analysis revealed 46 differentially expressed genes implicated in flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, three gene modules were found to be associated with anthocyanin accumulation throughout flower development. Expression levels of genes associated with auxin, abscisic acid, brassinosteroid signaling, and transcription factors such as NACs and WRKYs underwent significant changes and exhibited strong correlations with several flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in these modules. These findings offer novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of flower color variation and lay the groundwork for the improvement of G. superba.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Pinli Hu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jiaxing Chang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haojing Shao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yin C, Tang D, Liu X, Li Z, Xiang Y, Gao K, Li H, Yuan L, Huang B, Li J. Transcriptome analysis reveals important regulatory genes and pathways for tuber color variation in Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1313-1325. [PMID: 36918417 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During the growth of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (P. ternata), the violet-red skin was occasionally produced spontaneously under natural cultivation. However, the specific mechanism leading to the color change is still unclear. This study performed transcriptomes in violet-red and pale-yellow skin and their peeled tubers of P. ternata, and the total flavonoids and anthocyanin contents were also determined. The results showed that the majority of genes involved in anthocyanin production were considerably increased in the violet-red skin of P. ternata tuber compared to the pale-yellow skin. Especially, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) showed a remarkable increase in gene expression levels. Notably, shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), naringenin 3-dioxygenase (F3H), flavanone 4-reductase (DFR), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) were explicitly expressed in violet-red skin of P. ternata tuber, while undetectable in pale-yellow skin. The upregulation of these genes may explain the accumulation of anthocyanins, which forms the violet-red skin of P. ternata tuber. The transcription factors, including C2H2, bZIP, ERF, GATA, bHLH, C3H, NAC, MYB-related, and MYB families, might trigger the skin color change in P. ternata. The entire anthocyanin content in the violet-red skin of P. ternata tuber was 71.10 μg/g, and pale-yellow skin was 7.74 μg/g. According to phenotypic and transcriptome results, the elevated expression levels of genes linked to the synthesis of anthocyanins considerably contributed to the violet-red skin alterations in P. ternata tuber. This study provides a new understanding of the formation of the violet-red skin, lays a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of unique varieties of P. ternata, and provides transcriptome data for further study of the differences between different colors of P. ternata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yin
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang-Jia-Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Ding Tang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang-Jia-Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang-Jia-Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Zihan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang-Jia-Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Yulin Xiang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang-Jia-Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Kaiming Gao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang-Jia-Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Heyu Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang-Jia-Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
- Tianjin Ubasio Technology Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, 445000, China
| | - Bisheng Huang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang-Jia-Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Juan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang-Jia-Hu West Road 16#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang W, Zhao X, Chai Z, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Li B, Yang Y, Lu S, Tu Z. Improving Blueberry Anthocyanins' Stability Using a Ferritin Nanocarrier. Molecules 2023; 28:5844. [PMID: 37570814 PMCID: PMC10421234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Blueberries are fruits known for their high level of anthocyanins, which have high nutritional value and several biological properties. However, the chemical instability of anthocyanins is one of the major limitations of their application. The stability of blueberry anthocyanin extracts (BAEs) encapsulated in a ferritin nanocarrier was investigated in this study for several influencing parameters, including pH, temperature, UV-visible light, redox agents, and various metal ions. The outcomes supported the positive role of protein nanoparticles in enhancing the stability of blueberry anthocyanins by demonstrating that the stability of encapsulated BAE nanoparticles with ferritin carriers was significantly higher than that of free BAEs and a mixture of BAEs and ferritin carriers. This study provides an alternative approach for enhancing blueberry anthocyanin stability using ferritin nanocarrier encapsulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuyang Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (W.H.)
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (W.H.)
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Zhi Chai
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | | | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yiyun Yang
- Zhejiang Lanmei Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuji 311899, China
| | - Shan Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (W.H.)
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li F, Gong Y, Mason AS, Liu Q, Huang J, Ma M, Xiao M, Wang H, Fu D. Research progress and applications of colorful Brassica crops. PLANTA 2023; 258:45. [PMID: 37462779 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION We review the application and the molecular regulation of anthocyanins in colorful Brassica crops, the creation of new germplasm resources, and the development and utilization of colorful Brassica crops. Brassica crops are widely cultivated: these include oilseed crops, such as rapeseed, mustards, and root, leaf, and stem vegetable types, such as turnips, cabbages, broccoli, and cauliflowers. Colorful variants exist of these crop species, and asides from increased aesthetic appeal, these may also offer advantages in terms of nutritional content and improved stress resistances. This review provides a comprehensive overview of pigmentation in Brassica as a reference for the selection and breeding of new colorful Brassica varieties for multiple end uses. We summarize the function and molecular regulation of anthocyanins in Brassica crops, the creation of new colorful germplasm resources via different breeding methods, and the development and multifunctional utilization of colorful Brassica crop types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yingying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Miao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Meili Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Donghui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abraão A, Martins-Gomes C, Domínguez-Perles R, Barros A, Silva AM. Molecular Characterization of Prunus lusitanica L. Fruit Extracts and Their Health-Promoting Potential in Inflammation, Diabetes, and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108830. [PMID: 37240175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunus lusitanica L. is a shrub belonging to the genus Prunus L. (Rosaceae family) that produces small fruits with none known application. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the phenolic profile and some health-promoting activities of hydroethanolic (HE) extracts obtained from P. lusitanica fruits, harvested from three different locations. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of extracts was performed using HPLC/DAD-ESI-MS and antioxidant activity was assessed by in vitro methods. Antiproliferative/cytotoxic activity was determined on Caco-2, HepG2, and RAW 264.7 cells, anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and the antidiabetic, antiaging, and neurobiological action of extracts was determined in vitro by assessing their inhibitory effect against the activity of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, elastase, tyrosinase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Results showed that P. lusitanica fruit HE extracts from the three different locations showed identical phytochemical profile and bioactivities, although small differences were observed regarding the quantities of some compounds. Extracts of P. lusitanica fruits contain high levels in total phenolic compounds, namely, hydroxycinnamic acids, as well as flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins, primarily cyanidin-3-(6-trans-p-coumaroyl)glucoside. P. lusitanica fruit extracts have a low cytotoxic/antiproliferative effect, with the lowest IC50 value obtained in HepG2 cells (352.6 ± 10.0 μg/mL, at 48 h exposure), but high anti-inflammatory activity (50-60% NO release inhibition, at 100 μg/mL extract) and neuroprotective potential (35-39% AChE inhibition, at 1 mg/mL), and moderate antiaging (9-15% tyrosinase inhibition, at 1 mg/mL) and antidiabetic (9-15% α-glucosidase inhibition, at 1 mg/mL) effects. The bioactive molecules present in the fruits of P. lusitanica deserve to be further explored for the development of new drugs of interest to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Abraão
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab (LabFAS), Department of Food Science and Technology (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Barros
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA-ECVA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xu R, Luo M, Xu J, Wang M, Huang B, Miao Y, Liu D. Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Data Reveals the Mechanism of Color Formation in Corms of Pinellia ternata. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097990. [PMID: 37175702 PMCID: PMC10178707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (P. ternata) is a very important plant that is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Its corms can be used as medicine and function to alleviate cough, headache, and phlegm. The epidermis of P. ternata corms is often light yellow to yellow in color; however, within the range of P. ternata found in JingZhou City in Hubei Province, China, there is a form of P. ternata in which the epidermis of the corm is red. We found that the total flavonoid content of red P. ternata corms is significantly higher than that of yellow P. ternata corms. The objective of this study was to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the difference in epidermal color between the two forms of P. ternata. The results showed that a high content of anthocyanidin was responsible for the red epidermal color in P. ternata, and 15 metabolites, including cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside-5-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were screened as potential color markers in P. ternata through metabolomic analysis. Based on an analysis of the transcriptome, seven genes, including PtCHS1, PtCHS2, PtCHI1, PtDFR5, PtANS, PtUPD-GT2, and PtUPD-GT3, were found to have important effects on the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in the P. ternata corm epidermis. Furthermore, two transcription factors (TFs), bHLH1 and bHLH2, may have regulatory functions in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in red P. ternata corms. Using an integrative analysis of the metabolomic and transcriptomic data, we identified five genes, PtCHI, PtDFR2, PtUPD-GT1, PtUPD-GT2, and PtUPD-GT3, that may play important roles in the presence of the red epidermis color in P. ternata corms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Bisheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yuhuan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Dahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Chemistry of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cai T, Ge-Zhang S, Song M. Anthocyanins in metabolites of purple corn. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1154535. [PMID: 37089635 PMCID: PMC10118017 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Purple corn (Zea mays L.) is a special variety of corn, rich in a large amount of anthocyanins and other functional phytochemicals, and has always ranked high in the economic benefits of the corn industry. However, most studies on the stability of agronomic traits and the interaction between genotype and environment in cereal crops focus on yield. In order to further study the accumulation and stability of special anthocyanins in the growth process of purple corn, this review starts with the elucidation of anthocyanins in purple corn, the biosynthesis process and the gene regulation mechanism behind them, points out the influence of anthocyanin metabolism on anthocyanin metabolism, and introduces the influence of environmental factors on anthocyanin accumulation in detail, so as to promote the multi-field production of purple corn, encourage the development of color corn industry and provide new opportunities for corn breeders and growers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taoyang Cai
- Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Mingbo Song
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Unveils the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Sepal Colour Changes under Acidic pH Substratum in Hydrangea macrophylla. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315428. [PMID: 36499756 PMCID: PMC9739076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb). Ser.), an ornamental plant, has good marketing potential and is known for its capacity to change the colour of its inflorescence depending on the pH of the cultivation media. The molecular mechanisms causing these changes are still uncertain. In the present study, transcriptome and targeted metabolic profiling were used to identify molecular changes in the RNAome of hydrangea plants cultured at two different pH levels. De novo assembly yielded 186,477 unigenes. Transcriptomic datasets provided a comprehensive and systemic overview of the dynamic networks of the gene expression underlying flower colour formation in hydrangeas. Weighted analyses of gene co-expression network identified candidate genes and hub genes from the modules linked closely to the hyper accumulation of Al3+ during different stages of flower development. F3'5'H, ANS, FLS, CHS, UA3GT, CHI, DFR, and F3H were enhanced significantly in the modules. In addition, MYB, bHLH, PAL6, PAL9, and WD40 were identified as hub genes. Thus, a hypothesis elucidating the colour change in the flowers of Al3+-treated plants was established. This study identified many potential key regulators of flower pigmentation, providing novel insights into the molecular networks in hydrangea flowers.
Collapse
|
32
|
Natural Substrates and Culture Conditions to Produce Pigments from Potential Microbes in Submerged Fermentation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pigments from bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria, and microalgae have been gaining more demand in the food, leather, and textile industries due to their natural origin and effective bioactive functions. Mass production of microbial pigments using inexpensive and ecofriendly agro-industrial residues is gaining more demand in the current research due to their low cost, natural origin, waste utilization, and high pigment stimulating characteristics. A wide range of natural substrates has been employed in submerged fermentation as carbon and nitrogen sources to enhance the pigment production from these microorganisms to obtain the required quantity of pigments. Submerged fermentation is proven to yield more pigment when added with agro-waste residues. Hence, in this review, aspects of potential pigmented microbes such as diversity, natural substrates that stimulate more pigment production from bacteria, fungi, yeast, and a few microalgae under submerged culture conditions, pigment identification, and ecological functions are detailed for the benefit of industrial personnel, researchers, and other entrepreneurs to explore pigmented microbes for multifaceted applications. In addition, some important aspects of microbial pigments are covered herein to disseminate the knowledge.
Collapse
|
33
|
Buhrman K, Aravena-Calvo J, Ross Zaulich C, Hinz K, Laursen T. Anthocyanic Vacuolar Inclusions: From Biosynthesis to Storage and Possible Applications. Front Chem 2022; 10:913324. [PMID: 35836677 PMCID: PMC9273883 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.913324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of plants to accumulate specific metabolites in concentrations beyond their solubility in both aqueous and lipid environments remains a key question in plant biology. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) are mixtures of natural compounds in specific molar ratios, which interact through hydrogen bonding. This results in a viscous liquid that can solubilize high amounts of natural products while maintaining a negligible vapor pressure to prevent release of volatile compounds. While all the components are presents in plant cells, identifying experimental evidence for the occurrence of NADES phases remains a challenging quest. Accumulation of anthocyanin flavonoids in highly concentrated inclusions have been speculated to involve NADES as an inert solvent. The inherent pigment properties of anthocyanins provide an ideal system for studying the formation of NADES in a cellular environment. In this mini-review we discuss the biosynthesis of modified anthocyanins that facilitate their organization in condensates, their transport and storage as a specific type of phase separated inclusions in the vacuole, and the presence of NADES constituents as a natural solution for storing high amounts of flavonoids and other natural products. Finally, we highlight how the knowledge gathered from studying the discussed processes could be used for specific applications within synthetic biology to utilize NADES derived compartments for the production of valuable compounds where the production is challenged by poor solubility, toxic intermediates or unstable and volatile products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kees Buhrman
- Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Dynamic Metabolons Group, Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Javiera Aravena-Calvo
- Dynamic Metabolons Group, Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Ross Zaulich
- Dynamic Metabolons Group, Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Hinz
- Dynamic Metabolons Group, Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Laursen
- Dynamic Metabolons Group, Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Tomas Laursen,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Insight into the Progress on Natural Dyes: Sources, Structural Features, Health Effects, Challenges, and Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103291. [PMID: 35630767 PMCID: PMC9144664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dyes play an important role in food, medicine, textile, and other industries, which make human life more colorful. With the increasing demand for food safety, the development of natural dyes becomes more and more attractive. (2) Methods: The literature was searched using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SciFinder and this scoping review was carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). (3) Results: 248 articles were included in this review. This review summarizes the research progress on natural dyes in the last ten years. According to structural features, natural dyes mainly include carotenoids, polyphenols, porphyrins, and alkaloids, and some of the newest dyes are summarized. Some pharmacological activities of carotenoids, anthocyanin, curcumin, and betalains in the last 10 years are summarized, and the biological effects of dyes regarding illumination conditions. The disadvantages of natural dyes, including sources, cost, stability, and poor bioavailability, limit their application. Here, some feasible strategies (potential resources, biotechnology, new extraction and separation strategies, strategies for improving stability) are described, which will contribute to the development and utilization of natural dyes. (4) Conclusion: Natural dyes show health benefits and potential in food additives. However, it is necessary for natural dyes to pass toxicity tests and quality tests and receive many regulatory approvals before their final entry into the market as food colorants or as drugs.
Collapse
|