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Yan Z, Li Y, Zhang X, Li L, Gao Y, Chen Q, Tian M, Cong B. PET neuroimaging reveals upregulation of dopamine D2 receptor contributes to amygdaloid dysfunction in rat acute restraint stress model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 561:45-51. [PMID: 34015758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute stress relates to high prevalence of anxiety, depression or even sudden death. Although dopaminergic system in amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) circuit is hyper-responsive to stress-induced anxiety, the mechanisms that control anxiety still remains unanswered. Here, the acute restraint stress model(ARS) was established to develop anxiety-like behavior. The D2-dopamine receptor (D2R) availability in amygdala and mPFC was assessed using [18F]-fallypride positron emission tomography(PET) and immunohistochemical assay. We revealed that ARS paradigm was successfully established, as evidenced by elevated plus-maze test(EPM) and increased corticosterone release. Moreover, PET imaging displayed elevated D2R availability in the amygdala and mPFC in ARS as compared to that in the naives. PET imaging combined with immunohistochemical assay confirmed that amygdaloid D2R was significantly implicated in stress-induced anxiety. Our findings delivered valuable insights into neuromechanism of amygdaloid D2R underlying stress-induced anxiety and might have important implications for developing therapeutics for anxiety by targeting amygdaloid D2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Yuping Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China
| | - Qiaozhen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Bin Cong
- Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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Quach TT, Lerch JK, Honnorat J, Khanna R, Duchemin AM. Neuronal networks in mental diseases and neuropathic pain: Beyond brain derived neurotrophic factor and collapsin response mediator proteins. World J Psychiatry 2016; 6:18-30. [PMID: 27014595 PMCID: PMC4804265 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a complex network system that has the capacity to support emotion, thought, action, learning and memory, and is characterized by constant activity, constant structural remodeling, and constant attempt to compensate for this remodeling. The basic insight that emerges from complex network organization is that substantively different networks can share common key organizational principles. Moreover, the interdependence of network organization and behavior has been successfully demonstrated for several specific tasks. From this viewpoint, increasing experimental/clinical observations suggest that mental disorders are neural network disorders. On one hand, single psychiatric disorders arise from multiple, multifactorial molecular and cellular structural/functional alterations spreading throughout local/global circuits leading to multifaceted and heterogeneous clinical symptoms. On the other hand, various mental diseases may share functional deficits across the same neural circuit as reflected in the overlap of symptoms throughout clinical diagnoses. An integrated framework including experimental measures and clinical observations will be necessary to formulate a coherent and comprehensive understanding of how neural connectivity mediates and constraints the phenotypic expression of psychiatric disorders.
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Quantitative, noninvasive, in vivo longitudinal monitoring of gene expression in the brain by co-AAV transduction with a PET reporter gene. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2014; 1:14016. [PMID: 26015960 PMCID: PMC4362377 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging of vector transgene expression would be particularly valuable for repetitive monitoring of therapy in the brain, where invasive tissue sampling is contraindicated. We evaluated adeno-associated virus vector expression of a dopamine-2 receptor (D2R) mutant (D2R80A) by positron emission tomography in the brains of mice and cats. D2R80A is inactivated for intracellular signaling and binds subphysiologic amounts of the radioactive [18F]-fallypride analog of dopamine. The [18F]-fallypride signal bound to D2R80A in the injection site was normalized to the signal from endogenous D2R in the striatum and showed stable levels of expression within individual animals. A separate adeno-associated virus type 1 vector with identical gene expression control elements, expressing green fluorescent protein or a therapeutic gene, was coinjected with the D2R80A vector at equal doses into specific sites. Both transgenes had similar levels of gene expression by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative PCR assays, demonstrating that D2R80A is a faithful surrogate measure for expression of a gene of interest. This dual vector approach allows the D2R80A gene to be used with any therapeutic gene and to be injected into a single site for monitoring while the therapeutic gene can be distributed more widely as needed in each disease.
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Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. The value of EGFRvIII as the target for glioma vaccines. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2014:42-50. [PMID: 24857059 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2014.34.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors continue to be rapidly progressive and resistant to most treatments. Even with state-of-the-art standard of care (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) long-term survival in the last 80 years improved from 6 to 15 months. Improved imaging has also likely contributed to prolonged survival. Immunotherapy for cancer dates back to publications from 1742. The central idea is that the immune system can detect and eliminate foreign antigens, either from infectious agents or tumors, and thus could be therapeutic in brain tumors. Recent introduction of immune modulators of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 and programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-1/PDL1) add much excitement to this field. For brain tumors, there are several ongoing phase I and III trials to determine whether any of the current immunotherapy approaches can demonstrate activity in randomized, controlled double-blinded trials-with ongoing and historical trials presented in tables within the manuscript. Immunotherapy has explored the use of various types of antigens (obtained either from homogenates of patients' tumors or synthetically produced), and various immunization procedures and adjuvants. Glioma antigens have also been isolated from the patients' own tumor, then produced in vitro (for example the glioma antigen EGFRvIII), and used to immunize patients directly, or with carriers such as dendritic cells with or without additional adjuvants. Several of these practical approaches are currently in phase III trials. Remaining challenges are how to increase the percentage of complete responses and response duration, and the enigmatic absence of an almost total lack of adverse brain inflammation following immunization of brain tumor patients, as has been observed following immunization against brain antigens in other diseases, such as Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R Lowenstein
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate Program in Immunology, and Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Maria G Castro
- From the Department of Neurosurgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate Program in Immunology, and Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
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Vallabhajosula S, Solnes L, Vallabhajosula B. A Broad Overview of Positron Emission Tomography Radiopharmaceuticals and Clinical Applications: What Is New? Semin Nucl Med 2011; 41:246-64. [PMID: 21624560 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Waerzeggers Y, Monfared P, Viel T, Winkeler A, Jacobs AH. Mouse models in neurological disorders: applications of non-invasive imaging. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1802:819-39. [PMID: 20471478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging techniques represent powerful tools to assess disease-specific cellular, biochemical and molecular processes non-invasively in vivo. Besides providing precise anatomical localisation and quantification, the most exciting advantage of non-invasive imaging techniques is the opportunity to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of disease-specific functional and molecular events longitudinally in intact living organisms, so called molecular imaging (MI). Combining neuroimaging technologies with in vivo models of neurological disorders provides unique opportunities to understand the aetiology and pathophysiology of human neurological disorders. In this way, neuroimaging in mouse models of neurological disorders not only can be used for phenotyping specific diseases and monitoring disease progression but also plays an essential role in the development and evaluation of disease-specific treatment approaches. In this way MI is a key technology in translational research, helping to design improved disease models as well as experimental treatment protocols that may afterwards be implemented into clinical routine. The most widely used imaging modalities in animal models to assess in vivo anatomical, functional and molecular events are positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging (OI). Here, we review the application of neuroimaging in mouse models of neurodegeneration (Parkinson's disease, PD, and Alzheimer's disease, AD) and brain cancer (glioma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic Waerzeggers
- Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging at the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research with Klaus-Joachim-Zülch Laboratories of the Max Planck Society and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Molecular Imaging in Neurology and Psychiatry. Mol Imaging 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-76735-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Molecular Imaging of Gene Expression and Cell Trafficking. Mol Imaging 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-76735-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Molecular Imaging: Introduction. Mol Imaging 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-76735-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), together with the blood-cerebrospinal-fluid barrier, protects and regulates the homeostasis of the brain. However, these barriers also limit the transport of small-molecule and, particularly, biopharmaceutical drugs such as proteins, genes and interference RNA to the brain, thereby limiting the treatment of many brain diseases. As a result, various drug delivery and targeting strategies are currently being developed to enhance the transport and distribution of drugs into the brain. In this review, we discuss briefly the biology and physiology of the BBB as the most important barrier for drug transport to the brain and, in more detail, the possibilities for delivering large-molecule drugs, particularly genes, by receptor-mediated nonviral drug delivery to the (human) brain. In addition, the systemic and intracellular pharmacokinetics of nonviral gene delivery, together with targeted brain imaging, are reviewed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus G de Boer
- Blood-Brain-Barrier Research Group, Division of Pharmacology, Leiden-Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Lindquist D. Is There a Role for MR Imaging in Monitoring Gene Therapy Response? Radiology 2007; 243:611-2. [PMID: 17517921 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2433070080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lindquist
- Imaging Research Center Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center,3333 Burnet Ave, ML 5031Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang B, Pan Y, Ren L, Zhao J, Luo Y, Zhai D, Wang S, Wang J. Polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles as novel vectors in cancer gene therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2007; 3:144-53. [PMID: 17468053 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2006] [Revised: 01/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To make progress toward an efficient gene vector for cancer gene therapy, a novel nonviral vector of polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (PBCA NPs) was developed. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used to modify the surface of PBCA NPs, and then the plasmid DNA (pDNA) of pAFP-TK was wrapped into PBCA-CTAB NPs. Atomic force microscopy and zeta potential demonstrated that PBCA-CTAB NPs were 80-200 nm in diameter and had +15.6 mV positive surface charges. Assay using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide showed that PBCA-CTAB NPs had less cytotoxicity to 3T3 cells than HepG2 cells. The analysis of PBCA-CTAB-DNA complexes could not only protect DNA from degradation by DNase I, it could also transfer pDNA into targeted cells with high transfection efficiency. Furthermore, when PBCA-CTAB NPs combined with suicide gene pAFP-TK, alpha-fetoprotein-positive cells transfected by it were highly sensitive to ganciclovir treatment, and cell survival declined precipitously. Therefore, this target strategy using a pAFP-TK/GCV suicide gene therapy system in which PBCA-CTAB NPs serve as gene delivery vectors explores a promising area for alpha-fetoprotein-positive hepatocellular carcinoma and associated carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangde Zhang
- National Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Kummer C, Winkeler A, Dittmar C, Bauer B, Rueger MA, Rueckriem B, Heneka MT, Vollmar S, Wienhard K, Fraefel C, Heiss WD, Jacobs AH. Multitracer Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging of Exogenous Gene Expression Mediated by a Universal Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Amplicon Vector. Mol Imaging 2007. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2007.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Kummer
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winkeler
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Dittmar
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Bauer
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rueger
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rueckriem
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Vollmar
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Wienhard
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cornel Fraefel
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolf-Dieter Heiss
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Jacobs
- From the Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Molecular Imaging, Max Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Hou LC, Veeravagu A, Hsu AR, Tse VCK. Recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: a review of natural history and management options. Neurosurg Focus 2006; 20:E5. [PMID: 16709036 DOI: 10.3171/foc.2006.20.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors, with a grim prognosis despite maximal treatment. Advancements in the past decades have not significantly increased the overall survival of patients with this disease. The recurrence of GBM is inevitable, its management often unclear and case dependent. In this report, the authors summarize the current literature regarding the natural history, surveillance algorithms, and treatment options of recurrent GBM. Furthermore, they provide brief discussions regarding current novel efforts in basic and clinical research. They conclude that although recurrent GBM remains a fatal disease, the literature suggests that a subset of patients may benefit from maximal treatment efforts. Nevertheless, further research effort in all aspects of GBM diagnosis and treatment remains essential to improve the overall prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis C Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5327, USA
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