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Lamba M, Singh PR, Bandyopadhyay A, Goswami A. Synthetic 18F labeled biomolecules that are selective and promising for PET imaging: major advances and applications. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1899-1920. [PMID: 38911154 PMCID: PMC11187557 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of positron emission tomography (PET) based imaging was developed more than 40 years ago. It has been a widely adopted technique for detecting and staging numerous diseases in clinical settings, particularly cancer, neuro- and cardio-diseases. Here, we reviewed the evolution of PET and its advantages over other imaging modalities in clinical settings. Primarily, this review discusses recent advances in the synthesis of 18F radiolabeled biomolecules in light of the widely accepted performance for effective PET. The discussion particularly emphasizes the 18F-labeling chemistry of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, oligonucleotides, peptides, and protein molecules, which have shown promise for PET imaging in recent decades. In addition, we have deliberated on how 18F-labeled biomolecules enable the detection of metabolic changes at the cellular level and the selective imaging of gross anatomical localization via PET imaging. In the end, the review discusses the future perspective of PET imaging to control disease in clinical settings. We firmly believe that collaborative multidisciplinary research will further widen the comprehensive applications of PET approaches in the clinical management of cancer and other pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Lamba
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Birla Farms Ropar Punjab-140001 India
| | - Prasoon Raj Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Birla Farms Ropar Punjab-140001 India
| | - Anupam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Birla Farms Ropar Punjab-140001 India
| | - Avijit Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Birla Farms Ropar Punjab-140001 India
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Baniasadi A, Das JP, Prendergast CM, Beizavi Z, Ma HY, Jaber MY, Capaccione KM. Imaging at the nexus: how state of the art imaging techniques can enhance our understanding of cancer and fibrosis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:567. [PMID: 38872212 PMCID: PMC11177383 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Both cancer and fibrosis are diseases involving dysregulation of cell signaling pathways resulting in an altered cellular microenvironment which ultimately leads to progression of the condition. The two disease entities share common molecular pathophysiology and recent research has illuminated the how each promotes the other. Multiple imaging techniques have been developed to aid in the early and accurate diagnosis of each disease, and given the commonalities between the pathophysiology of the conditions, advances in imaging one disease have opened new avenues to study the other. Here, we detail the most up-to-date advances in imaging techniques for each disease and how they have crossed over to improve detection and monitoring of the other. We explore techniques in positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), second generation harmonic Imaging (SGHI), ultrasound (US), radiomics, and artificial intelligence (AI). A new diagnostic imaging tool in PET/computed tomography (CT) is the use of radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI). SGHI uses high-frequency sound waves to penetrate deeper into the tissue, providing a more detailed view of the tumor microenvironment. Artificial intelligence with the aid of advanced deep learning (DL) algorithms has been highly effective in training computer systems to diagnose and classify neoplastic lesions in multiple organs. Ultimately, advancing imaging techniques in cancer and fibrosis can lead to significantly more timely and accurate diagnoses of both diseases resulting in better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Baniasadi
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168Th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Jeeban P Das
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Conor M Prendergast
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168Th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zahra Beizavi
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168Th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hong Y Ma
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168Th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M Capaccione
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168Th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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3
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Bai JW, Qiu SQ, Zhang GJ. Molecular and functional imaging in cancer-targeted therapy: current applications and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:89. [PMID: 36849435 PMCID: PMC9971190 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted anticancer drugs block cancer cell growth by interfering with specific signaling pathways vital to carcinogenesis and tumor growth rather than harming all rapidly dividing cells as in cytotoxic chemotherapy. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor (RECIST) system has been used to assess tumor response to therapy via changes in the size of target lesions as measured by calipers, conventional anatomically based imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other imaging methods. However, RECIST is sometimes inaccurate in assessing the efficacy of targeted therapy drugs because of the poor correlation between tumor size and treatment-induced tumor necrosis or shrinkage. This approach might also result in delayed identification of response when the therapy does confer a reduction in tumor size. Innovative molecular imaging techniques have rapidly gained importance in the dawning era of targeted therapy as they can visualize, characterize, and quantify biological processes at the cellular, subcellular, or even molecular level rather than at the anatomical level. This review summarizes different targeted cell signaling pathways, various molecular imaging techniques, and developed probes. Moreover, the application of molecular imaging for evaluating treatment response and related clinical outcome is also systematically outlined. In the future, more attention should be paid to promoting the clinical translation of molecular imaging in evaluating the sensitivity to targeted therapy with biocompatible probes. In particular, multimodal imaging technologies incorporating advanced artificial intelligence should be developed to comprehensively and accurately assess cancer-targeted therapy, in addition to RECIST-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Bai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast and Thyroid Cancers, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China
| | - Si-Qi Qiu
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Breast Diseases, Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, 515041, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast Cancer, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Endocrine-Related Cancer Precision Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Xiamen Research Center of Clinical Medicine in Breast and Thyroid Cancers, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Surgery and Cancer Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 361100, Xiamen, China.
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Li D, Li X, Zhao J, Tan F. Advances in nuclear medicine-based molecular imaging in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 20:358. [PMID: 35962347 PMCID: PMC9373390 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are often aggressive, making advanced disease very difficult to treat using contemporary modalities, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. However, targeted therapy, e.g., cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, has demonstrated survival benefit in HNSCC patients with locoregional failure or distant metastasis. Molecular imaging aims at various biomarkers used in targeted therapy, and nuclear medicine-based molecular imaging is a real-time and non-invasive modality with the potential to identify tumor in an earlier and more treatable stage, before anatomic-based imaging reveals diseases. The objective of this comprehensive review is to summarize recent advances in nuclear medicine-based molecular imaging for HNSCC focusing on several commonly radiolabeled biomarkers. The preclinical and clinical applications of these candidate imaging strategies are divided into three categories: those targeting tumor cells, tumor microenvironment, and tumor angiogenesis. This review endeavors to expand the knowledge of molecular biology of HNSCC and help realizing diagnostic potential of molecular imaging in clinical nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Li
- Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuran Li
- Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tan
- Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. .,The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. .,The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK.
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Bolcaen J, Nair S, Driver CHS, Boshomane TMG, Ebenhan T, Vandevoorde C. Novel Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway Inhibitors for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:626. [PMID: 34209513 PMCID: PMC8308832 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) remains the most fatal brain tumor characterized by a high infiltration rate and treatment resistance. Overexpression and/or mutation of receptor tyrosine kinases is common in GB, which subsequently leads to the activation of many downstream pathways that have a critical impact on tumor progression and therapy resistance. Therefore, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) have been investigated to improve the dismal prognosis of GB in an effort to evolve into a personalized targeted therapy strategy with a better treatment outcome. Numerous RTKIs have been approved in the clinic and several radiopharmaceuticals are part of (pre)clinical trials as a non-invasive method to identify patients who could benefit from RTKI. The latter opens up the scope for theranostic applications. In this review, the present status of RTKIs for the treatment, nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy of GB is presented. The focus will be on seven tyrosine kinase receptors, based on their central role in GB: EGFR, VEGFR, MET, PDGFR, FGFR, Eph receptor and IGF1R. Finally, by way of analyzing structural and physiological characteristics of the TKIs with promising clinical trial results, four small molecule RTKIs were selected based on their potential to become new therapeutic GB radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Cathryn H. S. Driver
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, Brits 0240, South Africa;
- Pre-Clinical Imaging Facility, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pelindaba, Brits 0242, South Africa;
| | - Tebatso M. G. Boshomane
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Pre-Clinical Imaging Facility, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pelindaba, Brits 0242, South Africa;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Department of Science and Technology, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
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Targeted molecular imaging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a window into precision medicine. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:1325-1336. [PMID: 32404691 PMCID: PMC7289307 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers play important roles in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Imaging of specific biomarkers will help to understand different biological activities, thereby achieving precise medicine for each head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient. Here, we describe various molecular targets and molecular imaging modalities for HNSCC imaging. An extensive search was undertaken in the PubMed database with the keywords including “HNSCC,” “molecular imaging,” “biomarker,” and “multimodal imaging.” Imaging targets in HNSCC consist of the epidermal growth factor receptor, cluster of differentiation 44 variant 6 (CD44v6), and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor and integrins. Targeted molecular imaging modalities in HNSCC include optical imaging, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography. Making the most of each single imaging method, targeted multimodal imaging has a great potential in the accurate diagnosis and therapy of HNSCC. By visualizing tumor biomarkers at cellular and molecular levels in vivo, targeted molecular imaging can be used to identify specific genetic and metabolic aberrations, thereby accelerating personalized treatment development for HNSCC patients.
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Shukla M, Forghani R, Agarwal M. Patient-Centric Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Therapy: Role of Advanced Imaging. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2020; 30:341-357. [PMID: 32600635 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The traditional 'one-size-fits-all' approach to H&N cancer therapy is archaic. Advanced imaging can identify radioresistant areas by using biomarkers that detect tumor hypoxia, hypercellularity etc. Highly conformal radiotherapy can target resistant areas with precision. The critical information that can be gleaned about tumor biology from these advanced imaging modalities facilitates individualized radiotherapy. The tumor imaging world is pushing its boundaries. Molecular imaging can now detect protein expression and genotypic variations across tumors that can be exploited for tailoring treatment. The exploding field of radiomics and radiogenomics extracts quantitative, biologic and genetic information and further expands the scope of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Shukla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Froedtert and Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Reza Forghani
- Augmented Intelligence & Precision Health Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Froedtert and Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Chen W, Shen B, Sun X. Analysis of Progress and Challenges of EGFR-Targeted Molecular Imaging in Cancer With a Focus on Affibody Molecules. Mol Imaging 2019; 18:1536012118823473. [PMID: 30799684 PMCID: PMC6348515 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118823473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted cancer therapy requires an accurate estimation of EGFR expression in tumors to identify responsive patients, monitor therapeutic effect, and estimate prognosis. The EGFR molecular imaging is an optimal method for evaluating EGFR expression in vivo accurately and noninvasively. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in EGFR-targeted molecular imaging in cancer, with a special focus on the development of imaging agents, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand, monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, Affibody, and small molecules. Each substrate or probe, whether it is an endogenous ligand, antibody, peptide, or small molecule labeled with fluorochrome or radionuclide, has unique advantages and limitations. Antibody-based probes have high affinity but a long metabolic cycle and therefore offer poor imaging quality. Affibody molecules promise to surpass antibody-based probes due to their small size, stable chemical properties, and high affinity to the target. Small-molecule probes are safe, have favorable pharmacokinetics, and show high affinity and specificity, in addition to having an ideal size, but are inadequate for delayed imaging after injection due to their fast clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Chen
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baozhong Shen
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- 1 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China.,2 TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
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18F-labeled anti-human CD20 cys-diabody for same-day immunoPET in a model of aggressive B cell lymphoma in human CD20 transgenic mice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 46:489-500. [PMID: 30456475 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic imaging using [18F]FDG is the current standard for clinical PET; however, some malignancies (e.g., indolent lymphomas) show low avidity for FDG. The majority of B cell lymphomas express CD20, making it a valuable target both for antibody-based therapy and imaging. We previously developed PET tracers based on the humanised anti-CD20 antibody obinutuzumab (GA101). Preclinical studies showed that the smallest bivalent fragment, the cys-diabody (GAcDb, 54.5 kDa) with a peak uptake at 1-2 h post-injection and a biological half-life of 2-5 h, is compatible with short-lived positron emitters such as fluorine-18 (18F, t1/2 110 min), enabling same-day imaging. METHODS GAcDb was radiolabeled using amine-reactive N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]-fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB), or thiol-reactive N-[2-(4-[18F]-fluorobenzamido)ethyl]maleimide ([18F]FBEM) for site-specific conjugation to C-terminal cysteine residues. Both tracers were used for immunoPET imaging of the B cell compartment in human CD20 transgenic mice (hCD20TM). [18F]FB-GAcDb immunoPET was further evaluated in a disseminated lymphoma (A20-hCD20) syngeneic for hCD20TM and compared to [18F]FDG PET. Tracer uptake was confirmed by ex vivo biodistribution. RESULTS The GAcDb was successfully 18F-radiolabeled using two different conjugation methods resulting in similar specific activities and without impairing immunoreactivity. Both tracers ([18F]FB-GAcDb and [18F]FBEM-GAcDb) specifically target human CD20-expressing B cells in transgenic mice. Fast blood clearance results in high contrast PET images as early as 1 h post injection enabling same-day imaging. [18F]FB-GAcDb immunoPET detects disseminated lymphoma disease in the context of normal tissue expression of hCD20, with comparable sensitivity as [18F]FDG PET but with added specificity for the therapeutic target. CONCLUSIONS [18F]FB-GAcDb and [18F]FBEM-GAcDb could monitor normal B cells and B cell malignancies non-invasively and quantitatively in vivo. In contrast to [18F]FDG PET, immunoPET provides not only information about the extent of disease but also about presence and localisation of the therapeutic target.
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Preclinical Evaluation of [ 68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377: A Promising Affibody-Based Probe for Noninvasive PET Imaging of EGFR Expression in Tumors. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090141. [PMID: 30231504 PMCID: PMC6162391 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Radionuclide imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in tumors may stratify patients for EGFR-targeting therapies and predict response or resistance to certain treatments. Affibody molecules, which are nonimmunoglobulin scaffold proteins, have a high potential as probes for molecular imaging. In this study, maleimido derivative of desferrioxamine B (DFO) chelator was site-specifically coupled to the C-terminal cysteine of the anti-EGFR affibody molecule ZEGFR:2377, and the DFO-ZEGFR:2377 conjugate was labeled with the generator-produced positron-emitting radionuclide 68Ga. Stability, specificity of binding to EGFR-expressing cells, and processing of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 by cancer cells after binding were evaluated in vitro. In vivo studies were performed in nude mice bearing human EGFR-expressing A431 epidermoid cancer xenografts. The biodistribution of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 was directly compared with the biodistribution of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377. DFO-ZEGFR:2377 was efficiently (isolated yield of 73 ± 3%) and stably labeled with 68Ga. Binding of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 to EGFR-expressing cells in vitro was receptor-specific and proportional to the EGFR expression level. In vivo saturation experiment demonstrated EGFR-specific accumulation of [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 in A431 xenografts. Compared to [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377, [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) higher uptake in tumors and lower uptake in spleen and bones. This resulted in significantly higher tumor-to-organ ratios for [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377. In conclusion, [68Ga]Ga-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 is a promising probe for imaging of EGFR expression.
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Automated radiosynthesis of [ 18F]FBEM, a sulfhydryl site specific labeling agent for peptides and proteins. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 140:294-299. [PMID: 30098587 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the process of developing [18F]FBEM coupled target peptide, we have instituted a robust automated synthesis of [18F]FBEM, a sulfhydryl (-SH) site specific agent for radiolabeling of peptides and proteins. The radiosynthesis generated 1.67-3.89 GBq (45.1-105.1 mCi, 7.5-18.8% non-decay corrected yield) of [18F]FBEM from 22.2 GBq (600 mCi) of starting [18F]fluoride with molar activity of 31.8 ± 5.3 GBq/µmol (0.86 ± 0.14 mCi/nmol) (n = 3) at the end of synthesis. Radiochemical purity was greater than 98%, and total synthesis time was ~90 min.
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13
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Li W, Zheng H, Xu J, Cao S, Xu X, Xiao P. Imaging c-Met expression using 18F-labeled binding peptide in human cancer xenografts. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199024. [PMID: 29894497 PMCID: PMC5997322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase shown inappropriate expression and actively involved in progression and metastasis in most types of human cancer. Development of c-Met-targeted imaging and therapeutic agents would be extremely useful. Previous studies reported that c-Met-binding peptide (Met-pep1, YLFSVHWPPLKA) specifically targets c-Met receptor. Here, we evaluated 18F-labeled Met-pep1 for PET imaging of c-Met positive tumor in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) xenografted mice. Methods c-Met-binding peptide, Met-pep1, was synthesized and labeled with 4-nitrophenyl [18F]-2-fluoropropionate ([18F]-NPFP) ([18F]FP-Met-pep1). The cell uptake, internalization and efflux of [18F]FP-Met-pep1 were assessed in UM-SCC-22B cells. In vivo pharmacokinetics, blocking and biodistribution of the radiotracers were investigated in tumor-bearing nude mice by microPET imaging. Results The radiolabeling yield for [18F]FP-Met-pep1 was over 55% with 97% purity. [18F]FP-Met-pep1 showed high tumor uptake in UM-SCC-22B tumor-bearing mice with clear visualization. The specificity of the imaging tracer was confirmed by significantly decreased tumor uptake after co-administration of unlabeled Met-pep1 peptides. Prominent uptake and rapid excretion of [18F]FP-Met-pep1 was also observed in the kidney, suggesting this tracer is mainly excreted through the renal-urinary routes. Ex vivo biodistribution showed similar results that were consistent with microPET imaging data. Conclusions These results suggest that 18F-labeled c-Met peptide may potentially be used for imaging c-Met positive HNSCC cancer in vivo and for c-Met-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (WHL); (PX)
| | - Hongqun Zheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiankai Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shaodong Cao
- Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuan Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WHL); (PX)
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14
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Huang S, Han Y, Chen M, Hu K, Qi Y, Sun P, Wang M, Wu H, Li G, Wang Q, Du Z, Zhang K, Zhao S, Zheng X. Radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of 18F-labeled 4-anilinoquinazoline derivative ( 18F-FEA-Erlotinib) as a potential EGFR PET agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:1143-1148. [PMID: 29486966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has gained significant attention as a therapeutic target. Several EGFR targeting drugs (Gefitinib and Erlotinib) have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and have received high approval in clinical treatment. Nevertheless, the curative effect of these medicines varied in many solid tumors because of the different levels of expression and mutations of EGFR. Therefore, several PET radiotracers have been developed for the selective treatment of responsive patients who undergo PET/CT imaging for tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. In this study, a novel fluorine-18 labeled 4-anilinoquinazoline based PET tracer, 1N-(3-(1-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl)-6,7-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-4-amine (18F-FEA-Erlotinib), was synthesized and biological evaluation was performed in vitro and in vivo. 18F-FEA-Erlotinib was achieved within 50min with over 88% radiochemical yield (decay corrected RCY), an average specific activity over 50GBq/μmol, and over 99% radiochemical purity. In vitro stability study showed no decomposition of 18F-FEA-Erlotinib after incubated in PBS and FBS for 2h. Cellular uptake and efflux experiment results indicated the specific binding of 18F-FEA-Erlotinib to HCC827 cell line with EGFR exon 19 deletions. In vivo, Biodistribution studies revealed that 18F-FEA-Erlotinib exhibited rapid blood clearance both through hepatobiliary and renal excretion. The tumor uptake of 18F-FEA-Erlotinib in HepG2, HCC827, and A431 tumor xenografts, with different EGFR expression and mutations, was visualized in PET images. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using 18F-FEA-Erlotinib as a PET tracer for screening EGFR TKIs sensitive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yanjiang Han
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Kongzhen Hu
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yongshuai Qi
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Penghui Sun
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Men Wang
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hubing Wu
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Guiping Li
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Quanshi Wang
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhiyun Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, China
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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15
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Dammicco S, Goux M, Lemaire C, Becker G, Bahri MA, Plenevaux A, Cinier M, Luxen A. Regiospecific radiolabelling of Nanofitin on Ni magnetic beads with [ 18 F]FBEM and in vivo PET studies. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 51:33-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Garousi J, Andersson KG, Dam JH, Olsen BB, Mitran B, Orlova A, Buijs J, Ståhl S, Löfblom J, Thisgaard H, Tolmachev V. The use of radiocobalt as a label improves imaging of EGFR using DOTA-conjugated Affibody molecule. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5961. [PMID: 28729680 PMCID: PMC5519605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several anti-cancer therapies target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Radionuclide imaging of EGFR expression in tumours may aid in selection of optimal cancer therapy. The 111In-labelled DOTA-conjugated ZEGFR:2377 Affibody molecule was successfully used for imaging of EGFR-expressing xenografts in mice. An optimal combination of radionuclide, chelator and targeting protein may further improve the contrast of radionuclide imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the targeting properties of radiocobalt-labelled DOTA-ZEGFR:2377. DOTA-ZEGFR:2377 was labelled with 57Co (T1/2 = 271.8 d), 55Co (T1/2 = 17.5 h), and, for comparison, with the positron-emitting radionuclide 68Ga (T1/2 = 67.6 min) with preserved specificity of binding to EGFR-expressing A431 cells. The long-lived cobalt radioisotope 57Co was used in animal studies. Both 57Co-DOTA-ZEGFR:2377 and 68Ga-DOTA-ZEGFR:2377 demonstrated EGFR-specific accumulation in A431 xenografts and EGFR-expressing tissues in mice. Tumour-to-organ ratios for the radiocobalt-labelled DOTA-ZEGFR:2377 were significantly higher than for the gallium-labelled counterpart already at 3 h after injection. Importantly, 57Co-DOTA-ZEGFR:2377 demonstrated a tumour-to-liver ratio of 3, which is 7-fold higher than the tumour-to-liver ratio for 68Ga-DOTA-ZEGFR:2377. The results of this study suggest that the positron-emitting cobalt isotope 55Co would be an optimal label for DOTA-ZEGFR:2377 and further development should concentrate on this radionuclide as a label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Garousi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ken G Andersson
- Department of Protein Technology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan H Dam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgitte B Olsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jos Buijs
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Ståhl
- Department of Protein Technology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Department of Protein Technology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Thisgaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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17
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Song L, Able S, Johnson E, Vallis KA. Accumulation of 111In-Labelled EGF-Au-PEG Nanoparticles in EGFR-Positive Tumours is Enhanced by Coadministration of Targeting Ligand. Nanotheranostics 2017; 1:232-243. [PMID: 29071190 PMCID: PMC5646733 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.19952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful use of targeted radionuclide therapy in the treatment of solid tumours may be limited by radioresistance, which necessitates delivery of a high dose of radioactivity. Nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery systems possess a large surface area for attachment of radioisotopes and so offer a solution to this challenge. However, tumour uptake may be limited by rapid hepatic clearance of NP via the mononuclear phagocyte system. Liver uptake is further compounded when epidermal growth factor (EGF) is used as a targeting ligand, as EGF-tagged NP bind the EGF receptor (EGFR), which is expressed to a moderate extent by hepatocytes. This report describes an indium-111 (111In)-labelled PEGylated EGF-tagged gold (Au) NP (111In-EGF-Au-PEG) and an effective strategy of coadministration of targeting ligand to address these issues. Direct attachment of EGF to the surface of Au NP did not compromise surface coating with long-chain PEG. In vitro experiments showed that 111In-EGF-Au-PEG targets EGFR-positive cancer cells (MDA-MB-468): >11% of radioactivity was internalised after incubation for 4 h. In in vivo studies accumulation of NP was observed in MDA-MB-468 xenografts and tumour uptake was enhanced by the coadministration of 15 µg of the unlabelled targeting ligand, EGF, to block hepatic EGFR. Uptake was 3.9% versus 2.8% injected dose/g (%ID/g) of tumour tissue with and without unlabelled EGF, respectively. Coadministration of EGF reduced liver uptake by 25.95% to 7.56 %ID/g. This suggests that the coadministration of unlabelled targeting ligand with radiolabelled PEGylated NP offers a promising strategy for targeting EGFR-positive cancer and for minimising liver uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sarah Able
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Errin Johnson
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Katherine A. Vallis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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18
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Fujita Y, Murakami Y, Noda A, Miyoshi S. Design and Synthesis of an Easily Obtainable Maleimide Reagent N-[2-(4-[ 18F]fluoro-N-methylbenzenesulfonamido)ethyl]maleimide ([ 18F]FBSEM) to Radiolabel Thiols in Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:642-648. [PMID: 27936600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An easily obtainable thiol-selective labeling reagent [18F]FBSEM (N-[2-(4-[18F]fluoro-N-methylbenzenesulfonamido)ethyl]maleimide) was developed. The advantage of the design is that the precursor and [18F]FBSEM have the same backbone and backbone construction is not required; in contrast, known thiol-specific labeling reagents do require backbone construction, and this is thought to be the cause of their complicated synthesis. [18F]FBSEM was successfully obtained in higher yield (25%) and in a simpler way (two fluorination and deprotection steps in 65 min) than the widely used [18F]FBEM (N-[2-(4-[18F]fluorobenzamide)ethyl]maleimide). The labeling efficacy of [18F]FBSEM was confirmed by conjugation with glutathione. [18F]FBSEM is a promising labeling agent for proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fujita
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. , Tsukuba 305-8585, Japan
| | | | - Akihiro Noda
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. , Tsukuba 305-8585, Japan
| | - Sosuke Miyoshi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc. , Tsukuba 305-8585, Japan
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19
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Mena E, Thippsandra S, Yanamadala A, Redy S, Pattanayak P, Subramaniam RM. Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine in Head and Neck Cancer. PET Clin 2016; 12:7-25. [PMID: 27863568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The concept of using tumor genomic profiling information has revolutionized personalized cancer treatment. Head and neck (HN) cancer management is being influenced by recent discoveries of activating mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor and related targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, targeted therapies for Kristen Rat Sarcoma, and MET proto-oncogenes. Molecular imaging using PET plays an important role in assessing the biologic behavior of HN cancer with the goal of delivering individualized cancer treatment. This review summarizes recent genomic discoveries in HN cancer and their implications for functional PET imaging in assessing response to targeted therapies, and drug resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mena
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Shwetha Thippsandra
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anusha Yanamadala
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Siddaling Redy
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Puskar Pattanayak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Rathan M Subramaniam
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8896, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9096, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-8896, USA.
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20
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Lee CLD, Fashir SB, Castilho ML, Hupman MA, Raniero LJ, Alwayn I, Hewitt KC. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Specific Nanoprobe Biodistribution in Mouse Models. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:25-30. [PMID: 26852838 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers a targeted approach to both imaging and treatment of cancer, the leading cause of death worldwide. Previous studies have found that nanoparticles with a wide variety of coatings initiate an immune response leading to sequestration in the liver and spleen. In an effort to find a nanoparticle platform which does not elicit an immune response, we created 43 nm and 44 nm of gold and silver nanoparticles coated with biomolecules normally produced by the body, α-lipoic acid and the epidermal growth factor (EGF), and have used mass spectroscopy to determine their biodistribution in mouse models, 24 h after tail vein injection. Relative to controls, mouse EGF (mEGF)-coated silver and gold nanoprobes are found at background levels in all organs including the liver and spleen. The lack of sequestration of mEGF-coated nanoprobes in the liver and spleen and the corresponding uptake of control nanoprobes at elevated levels in these organs suggest that the former are not recognized by the immune system. Further studies of cytokine and interleukin levels in the blood are required to confirm avoidance of an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L D Lee
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samia B Fashir
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Maiara L Castilho
- Laboratório de Nanossensores, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento-IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, 12.244-000, Brasil
| | - Michael A Hupman
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Leandro J Raniero
- Laboratório de Nanossensores, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento-IP&D, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, 12.244-000, Brasil
| | - Ian Alwayn
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Kevin C Hewitt
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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21
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Garousi J, Andersson KG, Mitran B, Pichl ML, Ståhl S, Orlova A, Löfblom J, Tolmachev V. PET imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in tumours using 89Zr-labelled ZEGFR:2377 affibody molecules. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1325-32. [PMID: 26847636 PMCID: PMC4777594 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, which is overexpressed in many types of cancer. The use of EGFR-targeting monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors improves significantly survival of patients with colorectal, non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Detection of EGFR overexpression provides important prognostic and predictive information influencing management of the patients. The use of radionuclide molecular imaging would enable non-invasive repeatable determination of EGFR expression in disseminated cancer. Moreover, positron emission tomography (PET) would provide superior sensitivity and quantitation accuracy in EGFR expression imaging. Affibody molecules are a new type of imaging probes, providing high contrast in molecular imaging. In the present study, an EGFR-binding affibody molecule (ZEGFR:2377) was site-specifically conjugated with a deferoxamine (DFO) chelator and labelled under mild conditions (room temperature and neutral pH) with a positron-emitting radionuclide 89Zr. The 89Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 tracer demonstrated specific high affinity (160±60 pM) binding to EGFR-expressing A431 epidermoid carcinoma cell line. In mice bearing A431 xenografts, 89Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 demonstrated specific uptake in tumours and EGFR-expressing tissues. The tracer provided tumour uptake of 2.6±0.5% ID/g and tumour-to-blood ratio of 3.7±0.6 at 24 h after injection. 89Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 provides higher tumour-to-organ ratios than anti-EGFR antibody 89Zr-DFO-cetuximab at 48 h after injection. EGFR-expressing tumours were clearly visualized by microPET using 89Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 at both 3 and 24 h after injection. In conclusion, 89Zr-DFO-ZEGFR:2377 is a potential probe for PET imaging of EGFR-expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Garousi
- Institute of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ken G Andersson
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Pichl
- Institute of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Ståhl
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Division of Molecular Imaging, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Institute of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Lu C, Jiang Q, Hu M, Tan C, Yu H, Hua Z. Preliminary biological evaluation of ¹⁸F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V a novel apoptosis imaging agent. Molecules 2015; 20:4902-14. [PMID: 25789822 PMCID: PMC6272169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel annexin V derivative (Cys-Annexin V) with a single cysteine residue at its C-terminal has been developed and successfully labeled site-specifically with 18F-FBEM. 18F-FBEM was synthesized by coupling 18F-fluorobenzoic acid (18F-FBA) with N-(2-aminoethyl)maleimide using optimized reaction conditions. The yield of 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V was 71.5% ± 2.0% (n = 4, based on the starting 18F-FBEM, non-decay corrected). The radiochemical purity of 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V was >95%. The specific radioactivities of 18F-FBEM and 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V were >150 and 3.17 GBq/µmol, respectively. Like the 1st generation 18F-SFB-Annexin V, the novel 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V mainly shows renal and to a lesser extent, hepatobiliary excretion in normal mice. In rat hepatic apoptosis models a 3.88 ± 0.05 (n = 4, 1 h) and 10.35 ± 0.08 (n = 4, 2 h) increase in hepatic uptake of 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V compared to normal rats was observed after injection via the tail vein. The liver uptake ratio (treated/control) at 2 h p.i. as measured via microPET correlated with the ratio of apoptotic nuclei in liver observed using TUNEL histochemistry, indicating that the novel 18F-FBEM-Cys-Annexin V is a potential apoptosis imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiong Lu
- Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| | - Quanfu Jiang
- Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| | - Minjin Hu
- Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Cheng Tan
- Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| | - Huixin Yu
- Ministry of Health & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
| | - Zichun Hua
- Jiangsu Target Pharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou 213164, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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23
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Mammatas LH, Verheul HMW, Hendrikse NH, Yaqub M, Lammertsma AA, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW. Molecular imaging of targeted therapies with positron emission tomography: the visualization of personalized cancer care. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 38:49-64. [PMID: 25248503 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular imaging has been defined as the visualization, characterization and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular level in humans and other living systems. In oncology it enables to visualize (part of) the functional behaviour of tumour cells, in contrast to anatomical imaging that focuses on the size and location of malignant lesions. Available molecular imaging techniques include single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging. In PET, a radiotracer consisting of a positron emitting radionuclide attached to the biologically active molecule of interest is administrated to the patient. Several approaches have been undertaken to use PET for the improvement of personalized cancer care. For example, a variety of radiolabelled ligands have been investigated for intratumoural target identification and radiolabelled drugs have been developed for direct visualization of the biodistibution in vivo, including intratumoural therapy uptake. First indications of the clinical value of PET for target identification and response prediction in oncology have been reported. This new imaging approach is rapidly developing, but uniformity of scanning processes, standardized methods for outcome evaluation and implementation in daily clinical practice are still in progress. In this review we discuss the available literature on molecular imaging with PET for personalized targeted treatment strategies. CONCLUSION Molecular imaging with radiolabelled targeted anticancer drugs has great potential for the improvement of personalized cancer care. The non-invasive quantification of drug accumulation in tumours and normal tissues provides understanding of the biodistribution in relation to therapeutic and toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemonitsa H Mammatas
- Dept of Medical Oncology VUmc Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Liu D, Yan X, Wang F, Niu G, Yang M, Chen X. Biomimetic RNA-silencing nanocomplexes: overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1997-2001. [PMID: 24446433 PMCID: PMC4709245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an RNA-dependent gene silencing approach controlled by an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Herein, we present a synthetic RISC-mimic nanocomplex, which can actively cleave its target RNA in a sequence-specific manner. With high enzymatic stability and efficient self-delivery to target cells, the designed nanocomplex can selectively and potently induce gene silencing without cytokine activation. These nanocomplexes, which target multidrug resistance, are not only able to bypass the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) transporter, due to their nano-size effect, but also effectively suppress Pgp expression, thus resulting in successful restoration of drug sensitivity of OVCAR8/ADR cells to Pgp-transportable cytotoxic agents. This nanocomplex approach has the potential for both functional genomics and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China. Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bio-engineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States. Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China. Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bio-engineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States. Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bio-engineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bio-engineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Fu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bio-engineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bio-engineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bio-engineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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25
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Liu D, Yan X, Wang F, Niu G, Yang M, Chen X. Biomimetic RNA-Silencing Nanocomplexes: Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Stern LA, Case BA, Hackel BJ. Alternative Non-Antibody Protein Scaffolds for Molecular Imaging of Cancer. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2013; 2. [PMID: 24358455 DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of improved methods for early detection and characterization of cancer presents a major clinical challenge. One approach that has shown excellent potential in preclinical and clinical evaluation is molecular imaging with small-scaffold, non-antibody based, engineered proteins. These novel diagnostic agents produce high contrast images due to their fast clearance from the bloodstream and healthy tissues, can be evolved to bind a multitude of cancer biomarkers, and are easily functionalized by site-specific bioconjugation methods. Several small protein scaffolds have been verified for in vivo molecular imaging including affibodies and their two-helix variants, knottins, fibronectins, DARPins, and several natural ligands. Further, the biodistribution of these engineered ligands can be optimized through rational mutation of the conserved regions, careful selection and placement of chelator, and modification of molecular size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Stern
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Brett A Case
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Benjamin J Hackel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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van Dijk LK, Hoeben BAW, Kaanders JHAM, Franssen GM, Boerman OC, Bussink J. Imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in head and neck cancer with SPECT/CT and 111In-labeled cetuximab-F(ab')2. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:2118-24. [PMID: 24136932 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.123612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Combined treatment of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) with radiotherapy and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor cetuximab improves clinical outcome in comparison to radiotherapy alone but is effective only in a few cases. To select those patients most likely to benefit from EGFR inhibition, it can be advantageous to quantify the tumor EGFR status before and possibly during therapy. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize the (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 tracer to image EGFR targeting in vivo. METHODS The affinity and internalization kinetics of (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 were determined in vitro. The optimal protein-fragment dose for imaging was determined in nude mice with a subcutaneous head and neck carcinoma model (FaDu). Mice with FaDu tumors were imaged using ultra-high-resolution SPECT with (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 or (111)In-cetuximab IgG at 4, 24, 48, and 168 h after injection. Tumor tracer uptake was determined on micro-SPECT and autoradiography images of tumor sections. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze EGFR expression in the tumor. RESULTS In vitro, more than 50% of (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 was internalized into FaDu cells within 24 h. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 and (111)In-cetuximab was similar: 0.42 ± 0.16 nM versus 0.28 ± 0.14 nM, respectively. The protein dose-escalation study showed that the highest uptake of (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 in tumors was obtained at doses of 10 μg/mouse or less (13.5 ± 5.2 percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g]). Tumor uptake of (111)In-cetuximab was significantly higher (26.9 ± 3.3 %ID/g, P < 0.01). However, because of rapid blood clearance, tumor-to-blood ratios at 24 h after injection were significantly higher for (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 (31.4 ± 3.8 vs. 1.7 ± 0.2, respectively; P < 0.001). The intratumoral distribution of (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 correlated well with the immunohistochemical distribution of EGFR (r = 0.64 ± 0.06, P < 0.0001). micro-SPECT images of (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 clearly showed preferential uptake in the tumor from 4 h onward, with superior tumor-to-background contrast at 24 h, compared with (111)In-cetuximab (107.0 ± 17.0 vs. 69.7 ± 3.9, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION (111)In-cetuximab-F(ab')2 displays higher tumor-to-blood ratios early after injection than (111)In-cetuximab in an HNSCC model, making it more suitable for EGFR visualization and potentially for selecting patients for treatment with EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K van Dijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
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28
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Jacobson O, Chen X. Interrogating tumor metabolism and tumor microenvironments using molecular positron emission tomography imaging. Theranostic approaches to improve therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:1214-56. [PMID: 24064460 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive molecular imaging technology that is becoming increasingly important for the measurement of physiologic, biochemical, and pharmacological functions at cellular and molecular levels in patients with cancer. Formation, development, and aggressiveness of tumor involve a number of molecular pathways, including intrinsic tumor cell mutations and extrinsic interaction between tumor cells and the microenvironment. Currently, evaluation of these processes is mainly through biopsy, which is invasive and limited to the site of biopsy. Ongoing research on specific target molecules of the tumor and its microenvironment for PET imaging is showing great potential. To date, the use of PET for diagnosing local recurrence and metastatic sites of various cancers and evaluation of treatment response is mainly based on [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG), which measures glucose metabolism. However, [(18)F]FDG is not a target-specific PET tracer and does not give enough insight into tumor biology and/or its vulnerability to potential treatments. Hence, there is an increasing need for the development of selective biologic radiotracers that will yield specific biochemical information and allow for noninvasive molecular imaging. The possibility of cancer-associated targets for imaging will provide the opportunity to use PET for diagnosis and therapy response monitoring (theranostics) and thus personalized medicine. This article will focus on the review of non-[(18)F]FDG PET tracers for specific tumor biology processes and their preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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Abstract
In an effort to discover a noninvasive method for predicting which cancer patients will benefit from therapy targeting the EGFR and HER2 proteins, a large body of the research has been conducted toward the development of PET and SPECT imaging agents, which selectively target these receptors. We provide a general overview of the advances made toward imaging EGFR and HER2, detailing the investigation of PET and SPECT imaging agents ranging in size from small molecules to monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Corcoran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts
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30
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Cervino AR, Burei M, Mansi L, Evangelista L. Molecular pathways and molecular imaging in breast cancer: an update. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:581-91. [PMID: 23602603 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogenic cancer being characterized by a variability of somatic mutations and in particular by different receptor expressions, such as estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal receptor. These phenotype characteristics play a crucial role in determining tumour response to various chemotherapies and other treatments and in the development of resistance to therapies. Positron emission tomography (PET) as a nuclear medicine technique, has recently demonstrated the advantages in determining the severity of disease and in evaluating the efficacy of treatments in a variety of neoplasm, including breast cancer. Because this procedure is able to pinpoint molecular activity within the body, it offers the potential to identify disease in its earliest stages as well as a patient's immediate response to therapeutic interventions in a non-invasive way. In this paper we performed an extended view about the correlation between molecular factors of breast cancer and PET tracers; in particular, we focalized our attention on their possible advantages in terms of 1) early detection of primary or recurrent cancer; 2) as a guide for target therapies and 3) for the evaluation of response to specific and now-available molecular treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Cervino
- Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64 35128 Padova, Italy
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Agnes RS, Broome AM, Wang J, Verma A, Lavik K, Basilion JP. An optical probe for noninvasive molecular imaging of orthotopic brain tumors overexpressing epidermal growth factor receptor. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:2202-11. [PMID: 22807580 PMCID: PMC3829608 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a near-infrared (NIR) probe that targets cells overexpressing the EGF receptor (EGFR) for imaging glioblastoma brain tumors in live subjects. A peptide specific for the EGFR was modified with various lengths of monodiscrete polyethylene glycol (PEG) units and a NIR Cy5.5 fluorescence dye. The lead compound, compound 2, with one unit of PEG displayed good binding (8.9 μmol/L) and cellular uptake in glioblastoma cells overexpressing EGFR in vitro. The in vivo studies have shown that the probe was able to selectively label glioblastoma-derived orthotopic brain tumors. In vivo image analyses of peptide binding to the tumors using fluorescence-mediated molecular tomography revealed that the compound could distinguish between tumors expressing different levels of EGFR. The data presented here represent the first demonstration of differential quantitation of tumors expressing EGFR in live animals by a targeted NIR fluorescence probe using a molecular imaging device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Agnes
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Pathology, NFCR Center for Molecular Imaging at Case, Case Western Reserve University, Wearn Building, Room B-42, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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