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[ 68Ga]Ga-4HMSA a promising new PET tracer for imaging inflammation. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:114. [PMID: 34718888 PMCID: PMC8557227 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging diagnosis of inflammation has been challenging for many years. Inflammation imaging agents commonly used in nuclear medicine, such as [67Ga]Ga-citrate and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) showed some limitations. The identification of a radiotracer with high specificity and low radiation dose is clinically important. With the commercialization of 68Ge/68Ga generators and the high 68Ga cyclotron production capacity, the study of 68Ga-based tracer for inflammation has increased and shown good potential. In the present work, we report the synthesis of 4HMSA, a new acyclic chelator, and its first investigation for 68Ga complexation and as a new positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent of inflammation in comparison to [68Ga]Ga-citrate. RESULTS The present experimental studies have shown that the novel [68Ga]Ga-4HMSA is stable allowing imaging of inflammation in a preclinical model of adjuvant- and pathogen-based inflammation involving intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). We also found that [68Ga]Ga-4HMSA displayed similar uptakes in the inflamed paw than [68Ga]Ga-citrate, which are superior compared to those of contralateral (non-injected) paws at days 1-3 from PET imaging. [68Ga]Ga-citrate accumulated in the upper body of the animal such as the liver, lungs and the heart, whereas the [68Ga]Ga-4HMSA revealed low uptakes in the majority of the organs and was cleared relatively rapidly from blood circulation through the kidneys and bladder. CONCLUSION The results highlight the potential of [68Ga]Ga-4HMSA as an interesting alternative to [68Ga]Ga-citrate for inflammation imaging by PET. The new PET tracer also offers additional advantages than [68Ga]Ga-citrate in term of dosimetry and lower overall background activity.
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Jødal L, Afzelius P, Alstrup AKO, Jensen SB. Radiotracers for Bone Marrow Infection Imaging. Molecules 2021; 26:3159. [PMID: 34070537 PMCID: PMC8198735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotracers are widely used in medical imaging, using techniques of gamma-camera imaging (scintigraphy and SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET). In bone marrow infection, there is no single routine test available that can detect infection with sufficiently high diagnostic accuracy. Here, we review radiotracers used for imaging of bone marrow infection, also known as osteomyelitis, with a focus on why these molecules are relevant for the task, based on their physiological uptake mechanisms. The review comprises [67Ga]Ga-citrate, radiolabelled leukocytes, radiolabelled nanocolloids (bone marrow) and radiolabelled phosphonates (bone structure), and [18F]FDG as established radiotracers for bone marrow infection imaging. Tracers that are under development or testing for this purpose include [68Ga]Ga-citrate, [18F]FDG, [18F]FDS and other non-glucose sugar analogues, [15O]water, [11C]methionine, [11C]donepezil, [99mTc]Tc-IL-8, [68Ga]Ga-Siglec-9, phage-display selected peptides, and the antimicrobial peptide [99mTc]Tc-UBI29-41 or [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-UBI29-41. CONCLUSION Molecular radiotracers allow studies of physiological processes such as infection. None of the reviewed molecules are ideal for the imaging of infections, whether bone marrow or otherwise, but each can give information about a separate aspect such as physiology or biochemistry. Knowledge of uptake mechanisms, pitfalls, and challenges is useful in both the use and development of medically relevant radioactive tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Jødal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Pia Afzelius
- Zealand Hospital, Køge, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-4600 Køge, Denmark;
| | - Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Svend Borup Jensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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Xu T, Chen Y. Research Progress of [ 68Ga]Citrate PET's Utility in Infection and Inflammation Imaging: a Review. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:22-32. [PMID: 31076971 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Imaging diagnosis of infection and inflammation has been challenging for many years. Infection imaging agents commonly used in nuclear medicine, such as [67Ga]citrate, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG), and radionuclide-labeled leukocytes, have their own shortcomings. Identification of a tracer with considerable economic benefit, high specificity, and low radiation dose has become clinically urgent. In the twenty-first century, with the increasing availability of positron emission tomography (PET) devices and the commercialization of Ge-68/Ga-68 generators, the study of [68Ga]citrate applications for infection and inflammation has increased and shown good potential. In this report, the research progress that supports [68Ga]citrate PET's applications various infectious diseases and inflammation is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping St., Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping St., Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Ebenhan T, Kleynhans J, Zeevaart JR, Jeong JM, Sathekge M. Non-oncological applications of RGD-based single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography agents. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:1414-1433. [PMID: 32918574 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasive imaging techniques (especially single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography) apply several RGD-based imaging ligands developed during a vast number of preclinical and clinical investigations. The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence is a binding moiety for a large selection of adhesive extracellular matrix and cell surface proteins. Since the first identification of this sequence as the shortest sequence required for recognition in fibronectin during the 1980s, fundamental research regarding the molecular mechanisms of integrin action have paved the way for development of several pharmaceuticals and radiopharmaceuticals with clinical applications. Ligands recognizing RGD may be developed for use in the monitoring of these interactions (benign or pathological). Although RGD-based molecular imaging has been actively investigated for oncological purposes, their utilization towards non-oncology applications remains relatively under-exploited. METHODS AND SCOPE This review highlights the new non-oncologic applications of RGD-based tracers (with the focus on single-photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography). The focus is on the last 10 years of scientific literature (2009-2020). It is proposed that these imaging agents will be used for off-label indications that may provide options for disease monitoring where there are no approved tracers available, for instance Crohn's disease or osteoporosis. Fundamental science investigations have made progress in elucidating the involvement of integrin in various diseases not pertaining to oncology. Furthermore, RGD-based radiopharmaceuticals have been evaluated extensively for safety during clinical evaluations of various natures. CONCLUSION Clinical translation of non-oncological applications for RGD-based radiopharmaceuticals and other imaging tracers without going through time-consuming extensive development is therefore highly plausible. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ebenhan
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa. .,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, NPC, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Janke Kleynhans
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, NPC, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, NPC, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.,DST/NWU Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehangno Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Segard T, Morandeau LMJA, Dunne ML, Robinson JO, Murray RJ, Geelhoed EA, Francis RJ. Comparison between gallium-68 citrate positron emission tomography-computed tomography and gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy for infection imaging. Intern Med J 2020; 49:1016-1022. [PMID: 30667165 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary studies have reported promising results for the utility of gallium-68 (Ga-68) citrate positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for infection imaging. This technique offers reduced radiation dose to patients, shorter time between injection and imaging and reduced time for image acquisition compared to the 'gold standard' nuclear imaging technique: gallium-67 (Ga-67) citrate scintigraphy. AIMS To compare the two imaging modalities to ascertain whether Ga-68 citrate PET-CT is of equivalent diagnostic efficacy for bone and joint infection or pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) and to assess image quality and reporter confidence. METHODS Patients with PUO and suspected bone or joint infection underwent Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy and Ga-68 citrate PET-CT. Participants were followed up for 3 months to record subsequent treatment, investigations and outcome. RESULTS 60 patients were recruited to this multicentre prospective study: 32 for bone and joint infection, 28 for PUO. The results show a sensitivity of 81% for Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy and 69% for Ga-68 citrate PET-CT, a specificity of 79% for Ga-67 citrate and 67% for Ga-68 citrate and were concordant for 76% of the participants. The reporting physician confidence was significantly lower for Ga-68 citrate (P < 0.05), frequently due to prominent physiologic blood pool activity adjacent to the site of infection. CONCLUSION The sensitivity and specificity of Ga-68 citrate PET-CT were found to be consistently lower than Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy. Additionally, due to the insufficient level of confidence of the reporting physicians for the Ga-68 citrate PET-CT, this modality could not currently be recommended to replace Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy for routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Segard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Laurence M J A Morandeau
- Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marina L Dunne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James O Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Australian Collaborating Centre for Enterococcus and Staphylococcus Species Typing and Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ronan J Murray
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Geelhoed
- School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Roslyn J Francis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Role of 18F-flurodeoxyglucose in orthopaedic implant-related infection: review of literature and experience. Nucl Med Commun 2020; 40:875-887. [PMID: 31365498 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection and inflammation are a common occurrence with orthopaedic procedures. Anatomical modalities can show the transformation in the disease process; however, these may occur later when compared with functional imaging modalities that are more likely to identify early disease patterns. Various molecular imaging modalities such as three-phase bone scintigraphy, labelled leucocyte scintigraphy, as well as radiolabelled antibiotics and immunoglobulins have been considered and have played key roles in assisting clinical decision-making. While 18F-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) has been relatively well established in cancer pathways, it has the potential to contribute to surgical decision making for possible osteomyelitis post-metal implant surgery. In this article, we present a review of recently used tracers, and share our experience with using 18F-FDG PET/CT studies in a few diverse clinical settings related to post-metal implant osteomyelitis.
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Jødal L, Roivainen A, Oikonen V, Jalkanen S, Hansen SB, Afzelius P, Alstrup AKO, Nielsen OL, Jensen SB. Kinetic Modelling of [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 in Porcine Osteomyelitis and Soft Tissue Infections. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224094. [PMID: 31766140 PMCID: PMC6891593 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 is a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1), a protein involved in leukocyte trafficking. The tracer facilitates the imaging of inflammation and infection. Here, we studied the pharmacokinetic modelling of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 in osteomyelitis and soft tissue infections in pigs. METHODS Eight pigs with osteomyelitis and soft tissue infections in the right hind limb were dynamically PET scanned for 60 min along with arterial blood sampling. The fraction of radioactivity in the blood accounted for by the parent tracer was evaluated with radio-high-performance liquid chromatography. One- and two-tissue compartment models were used for pharmacokinetic evaluation. Post-mortem soft tissue samples from one pig were analysed with anti-VAP-1 immunofluorescence. In each analysis, the animal's non-infected left hind limb was used as a control. RESULTS Tracer uptake was elevated in soft tissue infections but remained low in osteomyelitis. The kinetics of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 followed a reversible 2-tissue compartment model. The tracer metabolized quickly; however, taking this into account, produced more ambiguous results. Infected soft tissue samples showed endothelial cell surface expression of the Siglec-9 receptor VAP-1. CONCLUSION The kinetics of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 uptake in porcine soft tissue infections are best described by the 2-tissue compartment model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Jødal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-9766-5500
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.R.); (V.O.)
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.R.); (V.O.)
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Søren B. Hansen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (S.B.H.); (A.K.O.A.)
| | - Pia Afzelius
- North Zealand Hospital, Hillerød, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark;
| | - Aage K. O. Alstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (S.B.H.); (A.K.O.A.)
| | - Ole L. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Svend B. Jensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Aalborg University, DK-9100 Aalborg, Denmark
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Immuno-Imaging to Predict Treatment Response in Infection, Inflammation and Oncology. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050681. [PMID: 31091813 PMCID: PMC6571748 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Molecular nuclear medicine plays a pivotal role for diagnosis in a preclinical phase, in genetically susceptible patients, for radio-guided surgery, for disease relapse evaluation, and for therapy decision-making and follow-up. This is possible thanks to the development of new radiopharmaceuticals to target specific biomarkers of infection, inflammation and tumour immunology. Methods: In this review, we describe the use of specific radiopharmaceuticals for infectious and inflammatory diseases with the aim of fast and accurate diagnosis and treatment follow-up. Furthermore, we focus on specific oncological indications with an emphasis on tumour immunology and visualizing the tumour environment. Results: Molecular nuclear medicine imaging techniques get a foothold in the diagnosis of a variety of infectious and inflammatory diseases, such as bacterial and fungal infections, rheumatoid arthritis, and large vessel vasculitis, but also for treatment response in cancer immunotherapy. Conclusion: Several specific radiopharmaceuticals can be used to improve diagnosis and staging, but also for therapy decision-making and follow-up in infectious, inflammatory and oncological diseases where immune cells are involved. The identification of these cell subpopulations by nuclear medicine techniques would provide personalized medicine for these patients, avoiding side effects and improving therapeutic approaches.
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Tseng JR, Chang YH, Yang LY, Wu CT, Chen SY, Wan CH, Hsiao IT, Yen TC. Potential usefulness of 68Ga-citrate PET/CT in detecting infected lower limb prostheses. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:2. [PMID: 30607646 PMCID: PMC6318156 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prosthetic joint infections may lead to failures of total joint arthroplasty. Radionuclide imaging can play a diagnostic role in identifying such infections, which require two-stage exchange arthroplasty (instead of simple revision surgery performed in non-infected cases). Although 18F-FDG PET/CT has emerged as a novel diagnostic tool in this setting, the clinical usefulness of 68Ga-citrate PET/CT has not been previously investigated. This single-center prospective study was designed to address this issue. Methods Between January 2016 and October 2017, we examined 34 patients with clinically proven or suspected prosthetic hip/knee joint infections scheduled to undergo surgery. All patients underwent 68Ga-citrate PET/CT scans and sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for comparative purposes. Intraoperative findings and the results of microbiological analyses of surgical specimens served as gold standard. The diagnostic results were examined according to (1) image interpretation based on radiotracer uptake patterns and (2) quantitative analysis using volumes of interest (VOIs) to calculate standard uptake values (SUVs) and metabolic volumes (MVs). Results A total of 26 (76%) patients were diagnosed as having infections. Based on radiotracer uptake pattern criteria, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 68Ga-citrate PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT were 92%, 88%, and 91% and 100%, 38%, and 85%, respectively. MV was significantly higher in the infected group when 68Ga-citrate PET/CT was used (422.45 vs. 303.65 cm3, p = 0.027), whereas no significant differences were observed on 18F-FDG PET/CT. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a cut-off value of 370.86 for MV resulted in a sensitivity of 61.5% and a specificity of 87.5% (area under curve: 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.88, p = 0.035). Conclusions Subject to future confirmation, our data provide preliminary evidence that 68Ga-citrate PET/CT may have a complimentary role to 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting prosthetic joint infections, being characterized by a higher specificity and the possibility to discriminate between an infectious condition and sterile inflammation. Trial registration This prospective study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (registration number: NCT02855190).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ren Tseng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No. 5, Fu-Hsing ST., Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science and Healthy Aging Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Bone and Joint Research Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Yan Yang
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical Trial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Chen
- Bone and Joint Research Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Wan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Tsung Hsiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No. 5, Fu-Hsing ST., Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science and Healthy Aging Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No. 5, Fu-Hsing ST., Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science and Healthy Aging Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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A Comparative 68Ga-Citrate and 68Ga-Chloride PET/CT Imaging of Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis in the Rat Tibia. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:9892604. [PMID: 29681785 PMCID: PMC5845485 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9892604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There may be some differences in the in vivo behavior of 68Ga-chloride and 68Ga-citrate leading to different accumulation profiles. This study compared 68Ga-citrate and 68Ga-chloride PET/CT imaging under standardized experimental models. Methods. Diffuse Staphylococcus aureus tibial osteomyelitis and uncomplicated bone healing rat models were used (n = 32). Two weeks after surgery, PET/CT imaging was performed on consecutive days using 68Ga-citrate or 68Ga-chloride, and tissue accumulation was confirmed by ex vivo analysis. In addition, peripheral quantitative computed tomography and conventional radiography were performed. Osteomyelitis was verified by microbiological analysis and specimens were also processed for histomorphometry. Results. In PET/CT imaging, the SUVmax of 68Ga-chloride and 68Ga-citrate in the osteomyelitic tibias (3.6 ± 1.4 and 4.7 ± 1.5, resp.) were significantly higher (P = 0.0019 and P = 0.0020, resp.) than in the uncomplicated bone healing (2.7 ± 0.44 and 2.5 ± 0.49, resp.). In osteomyelitic tibias, the SUVmax of 68Ga-citrate was significantly higher than the uptake of 68Ga-chloride (P = 0.0017). In animals with uncomplicated bone healing, no difference in the SUVmax of 68Ga-chloride or 68Ga-citrate was seen in the operated tibias. Conclusions. This study further corroborates the use of 68Ga-citrate for PET imaging of osteomyelitis.
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11
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Exploring Alternative Radiolabeling Strategies for Sialic Acid-Binding Immunoglobulin-Like Lectin 9 Peptide: [ 68Ga]Ga- and [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-Siglec-9. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020305. [PMID: 29385091 PMCID: PMC6017478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid residues 283–297 from sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 9 (Siglec-9) form a cyclic peptide ligand targeting vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1). VAP-1 is associated with the transfer of leukocytes from blood to tissues upon inflammation. Therefore, analogs of Siglec-9 peptide are good candidates for visualizing inflammation non-invasively using positron emission tomography (PET). Gallium-68-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-conjugated Siglec-9 has been evaluated extensively for this purpose. Here, we explored two alternative strategies for radiolabeling Siglec-9 peptide using a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-triacetic acid (NOTA)-chelator to bind [68Ga]Ga or [18F]AlF. The radioligands were evaluated by in vivo PET imaging and ex vivo γ-counting of turpentine-induced sterile skin/muscle inflammation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Both tracers showed clear accumulation in the inflamed tissues. The whole-body biodistribution patterns of the tracers were similar.
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12
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Aro E, Seppänen M, Mäkelä KT, Luoto P, Roivainen A, Aro HT. PET/CT to detect adverse reactions to metal debris in patients with metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty: an exploratory prospective study. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 38:847-855. [PMID: 29280283 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal-on-metal (MoM) bearings in total hip arthroplasties and hip resurfacing arthroplasties have recently shown a new type of complication: adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD). ARMD is characterized by local severe inflammation and tissue necrosis leading to implant failures. The gluteal muscle region is important for the patient outcome after revision surgery. This prospective positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) study was undertaken to evaluate the characteristics of 2-deoxy-2-[18 F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18 F]FDG) and [68 Ga]Gallium citrate ([68 Ga]Citrate) PET/CT in ARMD patients. [18 F]FDG and [68 Ga]Citrate PET/CT were performed in 18 hip arthroplasty patients: 12 ARMD patients (with 16 MoM hips) and six arthroplasty controls without ARMD. Tracer uptake was evaluated visually, and maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax ) was measured in the gluteal muscle region. ARMD severity was graded by metal artefact reduction sequence-magnetic resonance imaging (MARS-MRI). Periprosthetic [18 F]FDG uptake was observed in 15 of 16 hips, [68 Ga]Citrate uptake in three of 16 hips, respectively. The distribution of tracer uptake resembled infection in three hips. In the gluteal muscle region, the SUVmax of [18 F]FDG was significantly greater in hips with moderate and severe ARMD compared with the controls (P = 0·009 for [18 F]FDG and P = 0·217 for [68 Ga]Citrate). In patients who needed revision surgery, an intraoperative finding of gluteal muscle necrosis was associated with increased local SUVmax as detected by preoperative [18 F]FDG (P = 0·039), but not by [68 Ga]Citrate (P = 0·301). In conclusion, the inflammatory reaction to metal debris in hip arthroplasty patients is best visualized with [18 F]FDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Aro
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine and Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Seppänen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine and Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Keijo T Mäkelä
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannu T Aro
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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13
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Siitonen R, Pietikäinen A, Liljenbäck H, Käkelä M, Söderström M, Jalkanen S, Hytönen J, Roivainen A. Targeting of vascular adhesion protein-1 by positron emission tomography visualizes sites of inflammation in Borrelia burgdorferi-infected mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:254. [PMID: 29166944 PMCID: PMC5700622 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study, we sought to evaluate the feasibility of targeting vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) by positron emission tomography (PET) for the longitudinal quantitative assessment of Borrelia burgdorferi infection-induced inflammation in mice. Methods Mice with B. burgdorferi infection-induced arthritis were studied. During a 7-week follow-up period, the progression of arthritis was monitored weekly with 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET/computed tomography (CT) and measurement of tibiotarsal joint swellings. A subgroup of infected mice was treated with ceftriaxone. Finally, histopathological assessment of joint inflammation was performed and VAP-1 expression in joints were determined. Results Explicit joint swelling and 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 uptake could be demonstrated in the affected joints from B. burgdorferi-infected mice. By contrast, no obvious accumulation of 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was detected in joints of uninfected mice. The maximum swelling and highest uptake in the affected joints were observed 4 weeks after the infection. 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 uptake in joints correlated with joint swelling (P < 0.0001) and histopathological scoring of inflammation (P = 0.020). Despite short-term antibiotic treatment, the arthritis persisted, and the PET signal remained as high as in nontreated mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong-to-moderate expression of VAP-1 in the synovium of B. burgdorferi-infected mice, while only weak expression of VAP-1 was detected in uninfected mice. Conclusions The present study showed that 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 can detect B. burgdorferi infection-induced arthritis in mice. Furthermore, longitudinal PET/CT imaging allowed monitoring of arthritis development over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Siitonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Annukka Pietikäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme for Molecular Medicine, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Meeri Käkelä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Mirva Söderström
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistönkatu 6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Hytönen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Microbiology and Genetics Department, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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14
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Jensen SB, Käkelä M, Jødal L, Moisio O, Alstrup AKO, Jalkanen S, Roivainen A. Exploring the radiosynthesis and in vitro characteristics of [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:439-449. [PMID: 28556976 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein 1 is a leukocyte homing-associated glycoprotein, which upon inflammation rapidly translocates from intracellular sources to the endothelial cell surface. It has been discovered that the cyclic peptide residues 283-297 of sialic acid-binding IgG-like lectin 9 (Siglec-9) "CARLSLSWRGLTLCPSK" bind to vascular adhesion protein 1 and hence makes the radioactive analogues of this compound ([68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9) interesting as a noninvasive visualizing marker of inflammation. Three different approaches to the radiosynthesis of [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 are presented and compared with previously published methods. A simple, robust radiosynthesis of [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 with a yield of 62% (non decay-corrected) was identified, and it had a radiochemical purity >98% and a specific radioactivity of 35 MBq/nmol. Furthermore, the protein binding and stability of [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 were analyzed in vitro in mouse, rat, rabbit, pig, and human plasma and compared with in vivo pig results. The plasma in vitro protein binding of [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was the lowest in the pig followed by rabbit, human, rat, and mouse. It was considerably higher in the in vivo pig experiments. The in vivo stability in pigs was lower than the in vitro stability. Despite considerable species differences, the observed characteristics of [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 are suitable as a positron emission tomography tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svend B Jensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Meeri Käkelä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lars Jødal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Aage K O Alstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Centre for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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Abstract
Lung inflammatory diseases contribute significantly to the socioeconomic burden of disease. Yet very few new, effective therapies for respiratory disease have been approved for use. A major contributing factor is the lack of biomarkers that can accurately quantify the lung inflammatory burden and can be used to understand the contribution of lung inflammation to loss in lung function. Molecular imaging approaches can detect and quantify the recruitment and activation of specific immune cells in lung inflammation. We review the clinical techniques used to image lung inflammation, provide an overview of clinical and emerging PET techniques for quantifying lung inflammation, and discuss potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delphine L Chen
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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16
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Li XG, Hagert C, Siitonen R, Virtanen H, Sareila O, Liljenbäck H, Tuisku J, Knuuti J, Bergman J, Holmdahl R, Roivainen A. (18)F-Labeling of Mannan for Inflammation Research with Positron Emission Tomography. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:826-30. [PMID: 27660685 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently mannan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been shown to be able to induce psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in mice, and the phenotypes resemble the corresponding human diseases. To investigate the pathological processes, we set out to label mannan with fluorine-18 ((18)F) and study the (18)F-labeled mannan in vitro and in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET). Accordingly, mannan has been transformed into (18)F-fluoromannan with (18)F-bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne. In mouse aorta, the binding of [(18)F]fluoromannan to the atherosclerotic lesions was clearly visualized and was significantly higher compared to blocking assays (P < 0.001) or healthy mouse aorta (P < 0.001). In healthy rats the [(18)F]fluoromannan radioactivity accumulated largely in the macrophage-rich organs such as liver, spleen, and bone marrow and the excess excreted in urine. Furthermore, the corresponding (19)F-labeled mannan has been used to induce psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in mice, which indicates that the biological function of mannan is preserved after the chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET
Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Cecilia Hagert
- Medical
Inflammation Research, Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- The National Doctoral Programme in Informational and Structural Biology, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Siitonen
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Virtanen
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku
PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Outi Sareila
- Medical
Inflammation Research, Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku
Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jouni Tuisku
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku
PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jörgen Bergman
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET
Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical
Inflammation Research, Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Medical
Inflammation Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku
PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku
Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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17
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Virtanen H, Autio A, Siitonen R, Liljenbäck H, Saanijoki T, Lankinen P, Mäkilä J, Käkelä M, Teuho J, Savisto N, Jaakkola K, Jalkanen S, Roivainen A. 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9--a new imaging tool to detect synovitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:308. [PMID: 26530096 PMCID: PMC4632466 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an adhesion molecule, which upon inflammation is rapidly translocated from intracellular sources to the endothelial cell surface. We have recently discovered that sialic acid- binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 9 (Siglec-9) is a leukocyte ligand of VAP-1 and that 68Ga-labeled Siglec-9 motif peptide facilitates in vivo imaging of inflammation. This study evaluated the feasibility of 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 positron emission tomography (PET) for the assessment of synovitis. Methods Rabbits with synovial inflammation were injected with 18F-FDG or 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 and studied by gamma counting and autoradiography. Certain rabbits were also examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After PET imaging, rabbits were intravenously administered with anti-VAP-1 antibody to evaluate luminal expression of VAP-1 by immunohistochemistry. Finally, binding of Siglec-9 peptide and VAP-1 positive vessels were evaluated by double staining of rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Results Intra-articular injection of hemagglutinin induced mild synovial inflammation in rabbit knee with luminal expression of VAP-1. Synovitis was clearly visualized by 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET in addition to 18F-FDG-PET and MRI. Compared with the 18F-FDG, the ex vivo inflamed-to-control synovium ratio of 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was similar (1.7 ± 0.4 vs. 1.5 ± 0.2, P = 0.32). Double staining revealed that Siglec-9 peptide binds to VAP-1 positive vessels in human rheumatoid synovium. Conclusion Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET tracer detected VAP-1 positive vasculature in the mild synovitis of rabbits comparable with 18F-FDG, suggesting its potential for in vivo imaging of synovial inflammation in patients with rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, FI-20521, Finland.
| | - Anu Autio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, FI-20521, Finland.
| | - Riikka Siitonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, FI-20521, Finland.
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, FI-20521, Finland. .,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tiina Saanijoki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, FI-20521, Finland.
| | - Petteri Lankinen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jussi Mäkilä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, FI-20521, Finland. .,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Meeri Käkelä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, FI-20521, Finland.
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, FI-20521, Finland.
| | - Nina Savisto
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, FI-20521, Finland.
| | - Kimmo Jaakkola
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Medical Biotechnology, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku, FI-20521, Finland. .,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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18
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Tworowska I, Ranganathan D, Thamake S, Delpassand E, Mojtahedi A, Schultz MK, Zhernosekov K, Marx S. Radiosynthesis of clinical doses of ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE (GalioMedix™) and validation of organic-matrix-based ⁶⁸Ge/⁶⁸Ga generators. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 43:19-26. [PMID: 26702783 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 68Ga-DOTATATE is a radiolabeled peptide-based agonist that targets somatostatin receptors overexpressed in neuroendocrine tumors. Here, we present our results on validation of organic matrix 68Ge/68Ga generators (ITG GmbH) applied for radiosynthesis of the clinical doses of 68Ga-DOTATATE (GalioMedixTM). METHODS The clinical grade of DOTATATE (25 μg±5 μg) compounded in 1 M NaOAc at pH=5.5 was labeled manually with 514±218 MBq (13.89±5.9 mCi) of 68Ga eluate in 0.05 N HCl at 95°C for 10 min. The radiochemical purity of the final dose was validated using radio-TLC. The quality control of clinical doses included tests of their osmolarity, endotoxin level, radionuclide identity, filter integrity, pH, sterility and 68Ge breakthrough. RESULTS The final dose of 272±126 MBq (7.35±3.4 mCi) of 68Ga-DOTATATE was produced with a radiochemical yield (RCY) of 99%±1%. The total time required for completion of radiolabeling and quality control averaged approximately 35 min. This resulted in delivery of 50%±7% of 68Ga-DOTATATE at the time of calibration (not decay corrected). CONCLUSIONS 68Ga eluted from the generator was directly applied for labeling of DOTA-peptide with no additional pre-concentration or pre-purification of isotope. The low acidity of 68Ga eluate allows for facile synthesis of clinical doses with radiochemical and radionuclide purity higher than 98% and average activity of 272±126 MBq (7.3±3 mCi). There is no need for post-labeling C18 Sep-Pak purification of final doses of radiotracer. Advances in knowledge and implications for patient care. The clinical interest in validation of 68Galabeled agents has increased in the past years due to availability of generators from different vendors (Eckert-Ziegler, ITG, iThemba), favorable approach of U.S. FDA agency to initiate clinical trials, and collaboration of U.S. centers with leading EU clinical sites. The list of 68Ga-labeled tracers evaluated in clinical studies should growth because of the sensitivity of PET technique, the simplicity of the shakebake approach for the dose preparation and reliability of 68Ge/68Ga generators. Our studies have confirmed the reproducible elution profile, and high reliability of ITG GmbH generators required for routine doses preparation according to FDA recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael K Schultz
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
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19
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Sim DA, Chu CJ, Selvam S, Powner MB, Liyanage S, Copland DA, Keane PA, Tufail A, Egan CA, Bainbridge JWB, Lee RW, Dick AD, Fruttiger M. A simple method for in vivo labelling of infiltrating leukocytes in the mouse retina using indocyanine green dye. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1479-87. [PMID: 26398933 PMCID: PMC4631782 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a method to label and image myeloid cells infiltrating the mouse retina and choroid in vivo, using a single depot injection of indocyanine green dye (ICG). This was demonstrated using the following ocular models of inflammation and angiogenesis: endotoxin-induced uveitis, experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model. A near-infrared scanning ophthalmoscope was used for in vivo imaging of the eye, and flow cytometry was used on blood and spleen to assess the number and phenotype of labelled cells. ICG was administered 72 h before the induction of inflammation to ensure clearance from the systemic circulation. We found that in vivo intravenous administration failed to label any leukocytes, whereas depot injection, either intraperitoneal or subcutaneous, was successful in labelling leukocytes infiltrating into the retina. Progression of inflammation in the retina could be traced over a period of 14 days following a single depot injection of ICG. Additionally, bright-field microscopy, spectrophotometry and flow cytometric analysis suggest that the predominant population of cells stained by ICG are circulating myeloid cells. The translation of this approach into clinical practice would enable visualization of immune cells in situ. This will not only provide a greater understanding of pathogenesis, monitoring and assessment of therapy in many human ocular diseases but might also open the ability to image immunity live for neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease and systemic immune-mediated disorders. Summary: We show here that peripheral leukocytes can be labelled with ICG in vivo and then directly imaged as they invade the retina after inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn A Sim
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Colin J Chu
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Senthil Selvam
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Michael B Powner
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Sidath Liyanage
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - David A Copland
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Pearse A Keane
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Adnan Tufail
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Catherine A Egan
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - James W B Bainbridge
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Richard W Lee
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Andrew D Dick
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Marcus Fruttiger
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
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20
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Autio A, Virtanen H, Tolvanen T, Liljenbäck H, Oikonen V, Saanijoki T, Siitonen R, Käkelä M, Schüssele A, Teräs M, Roivainen A. Absorption, distribution and excretion of intravenously injected (68)Ge/ (68)Ga generator eluate in healthy rats, and estimation of human radiation dosimetry. EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:117. [PMID: 26183032 PMCID: PMC4504870 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the absorption, distribution, and excretion of Gallium-68 (68Ga) radionuclide after a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of 68Ge/68Ga generator eluate in healthy rats. Additionally, human radiation doses were estimated from the rat data. Methods Twenty-one female and 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats were i.v. injected with 47 ± 4 MBq of 68Ge/68Ga generator eluate, and the radioactivity of excised organs was measured using a gamma counter at 5, 30, 60, 120, or 180 min afterwards (n = 3–7 for each time point). The radioactivity concentration and plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Subsequently, the estimates for human radiation dosimetry were determined. Additionally, 4 female and 5 male rats were positron emission tomography (PET) imaged for in vivo visualization of biodistribution. Results 68Ga radioactivity was cleared relatively slowly from blood circulation and excreted into the urine, with some retention in the liver and spleen. Notably, the 68Ga radioactivity in female genital organs, i.e., the uterus and ovaries, was considerable higher compared with male genitals. Extrapolating from the female and male rat 68Ga data, the estimated effective dose was 0.0308 mSv/MBq for a 57-kg woman and 0.0191 mSv/MBq for a 70-kg man. Conclusions The estimated human radiation burden of the 68Ge/68Ga generator eluate was slightly higher for females and similar for males as compared with somatostatin receptor ligands 68Ga-DOTANOC, 68Ga-DOTATOC, and 68Ga-DOTATATE, which is probably due to the retention in the liver and spleen. Our results revealed some differences between female and male rat data, which, at least in part, may be explained by the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Autio
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20521, Turku, Finland,
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21
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FDG PET/CT in infection and inflammation--current and emerging clinical applications. Clin Radiol 2015; 70:787-800. [PMID: 25917543 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with the glucose analogue, 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG), is an evolving hybrid imaging technique in the evaluation of an important and diverse group of pathological conditions, which are characterised by infection and aseptic inflammation. With a rapidly expanding body of evidence, it is being increasingly recognised that, in addition to its established role in oncological imaging, FDG PET/CT also has clinical utility in suspected infection and inflammation. The technique can identify the source of infection or inflammation in a timely fashion ahead of morphological changes on conventional anatomical imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), map the extent and severity of disease, identify sites for tissue sampling, and assess therapy response. FDG PET/CT exhibits distinct advantages over traditional radionuclide imaging techniques in terms of shorter duration of examination, higher spatial resolution, non-invasive nature of acquisition, ability to perform quantitative analyses, and the provision of a synergistic combination of functional and anatomical imaging. With the use of illustrative clinico-radiological cases, this article discusses the current and emerging evidence for the use of FDG PET/CT in a broad spectrum of disorders, such as fever of unknown origin, sarcoidosis, large vessel vasculitis, musculoskeletal infections, joint prosthesis or implant-related complications, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related infections, and miscellaneous indications, such as IgG4-related systemic disease. It will also briefly summarise the role of more novel tracers such as FDG-labelled leukocytes and gallium-68 PET tracers in this arena.
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Targeting post-infarct inflammation by PET imaging: comparison of (68)Ga-citrate and (68)Ga-DOTATATE with (18)F-FDG in a mouse model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 42:317-27. [PMID: 25112398 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-014-2884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Imaging of inflammation early after myocardial infarction (MI) is a promising approach to the guidance of novel molecular interventions that support endogenous healing processes. (18)F-FDG PET has been used, but may be complicated by physiological myocyte uptake. We evaluated the potential of two alternative imaging targets: lactoferrin binding by (68)Ga-citrate and somatostatin receptor binding by (68)Ga-DOTATATE. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice underwent permanent coronary artery ligation. Serial PET imaging was performed 3 - 7 days after MI using (68)Ga-citrate, (68)Ga-DOTATATE, or (18)F-FDG with ketamine/xylazine suppression of myocyte glucose uptake. Myocardial perfusion was evaluated by (13)N-ammonia PET and cardiac geometry by contrast-enhanced ECG-gated CT. RESULTS Mice exhibited a perfusion defect of 30 - 40% (of the total left ventricle) with apical anterolateral wall akinesia and thinning on day 7 after MI. (18)F-FDG with ketamine/xylazine suppression demonstrated distinct uptake in the infarct region, as well as in the border zone and remote myocardium. The myocardial standardized uptake value in MI mice was significantly higher than in healthy mice under ketamine/xylazine anaesthesia (1.9 ± 0.4 vs. 1.0 ± 0.1). (68)Ga images exhibited high blood pool activity with no specific myocardial uptake up to 90 min after injection (tissue-to-blood contrast 0.9). (68)Ga-DOTATATE was rapidly cleared from the blood, but myocardial SUV was very low (0.10 ± 0.03). CONCLUSION Neither (68)Ga nor (68)Ga-DOTATATE is a useful alternative to (18)F-FDG for PET imaging of myocardial inflammation after MI in mice. Among the three tested approaches, (18)F-FDG with ketamine/xylazine suppression of cardiomyocyte uptake remains the most practical imaging marker of post-infarct inflammation.
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Abstract
Recent developments and improvements of multimodal imaging methods for use in animal research have substantially strengthened the options of in vivo visualization of cancer-related processes over time. Moreover, technological developments in probe synthesis and labelling have resulted in imaging probes with the potential for basic research, as well as for translational and clinical applications. In addition, more sophisticated cancer models are available to address cancer-related research questions. This Review gives an overview of developments in these three fields, with a focus on imaging approaches in animal cancer models and how these can help the translation of new therapies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion de Jong
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Na-610, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Departments of Genetics (Cancer Genomics Centre), Radiation Oncology and Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, P.O Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wytske M van Weerden
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Luo H, Hong H, Yang SP, Cai W. Design and applications of bispecific heterodimers: molecular imaging and beyond. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1750-61. [PMID: 24738564 PMCID: PMC4051252 DOI: 10.1021/mp500115x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-based molecular imaging probes have been designed with high affinity and specificity for monitoring biological process and responses. Single-target recognition by traditional probes can limit their applicability for disease detection and therapy because synergistic action between disease mediators and different receptors is often involved in disease progression. Consequently, probes that can recognize multiple targets should demonstrate higher targeting efficacy and specificity than their monospecific peers. This concept has been validated by multiple bispecific heterodimer-based imaging probes that have demonstrated promising results in several animal models. This review summarizes the design strategies for bispecific peptide- and antibody-based heterodimers and their applications in molecular targeting and imaging. The design and application of bispecific heterodimer-conjugated nanomaterials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Luo
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2275, United States
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Using 5-deoxy-5-[18F]fluororibose to glycosylate peptides for positron emission tomography. Nat Protoc 2013; 9:138-45. [PMID: 24356772 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2013.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
So far seven peptide-based (18)F-radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic applications with positron emission tomography (PET) have entered into clinical trials. Three candidates out of these seven are glycosylated peptides, which may be explained by the beneficial influence of glycosylation on in vivo pharmacokinetics of peptide tracers. This protocol describes the method for labeling peptides with 5-deoxy-5-[(18)F]fluororibose ([(18)F]FDR) as a prosthetic group. The synthesis of [(18)F]FDR is effected by a nucleophilic fluorination step by using dried Kryptofix 2.2.2-K2CO3-K(18)F complex and a subsequent HCl-catalyzed hydrolysis. The conjugation of [(18)F]FDR to the N-terminus aminooxy (-ONH2)-functionalized peptides is carried out in anilinium buffer at pH 4.6 and at room temperature (RT, 21-23 °C), with the concentration of peptide precursors being 0.3 mM. The procedure takes about 120 min and includes two cartridge isolation steps and two reversed-phase (RP) HPLC purification steps. The quaternary methyl amine (QMA) anion exchange cartridge and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) cartridge are used for the isolation of (18)F-fluoride and [(18)F]FDR-conjugated peptides, respectively. The first HPLC purification provides the (18)F-fluorinated precursor of [(18)F]FDR and the second HPLC purification is to separate labeled peptides from their unlabeled precursors. The final product is formulated in PBS ready for injection, with a radiochemical purity of >98% and a radiochemical yield (RCY) of 27-37% starting from the end of bombardment (EOB). The carbohydrate nature of [(18)F]FDR and the operational convenience of this protocol should facilitate its general use.
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Linnman C, Borsook D. Completing the Pain Circuit: Recent Advances in Imaging Pain and Inflammation beyond the Central Nervous System. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2013; 4:e0026. [PMID: 24228169 PMCID: PMC3820299 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes some of the recent developments in imaging aspects of pain in the periphery. It is now possible to image nerves in the cornea non-invasively, to image receptor level expression and inflammatory processes in injured tissue, to image nerves and alterations in nerve properties, to image astrocyte and glial roles in neuroinflammatory processes, and to image pain conduction functionally in the trigeminal ganglion. These advances will ultimately allow us to describe the pain pathway, from injury site to behavioral consequence, in a quantitative manner. Such a development could lead to diagnostics determining the source of pain (peripheral or central), objective monitoring of treatment progression, and, hopefully, objective biomarkers of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clas Linnman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Stasiuk GJ, Long NJ. The ubiquitous DOTA and its derivatives: the impact of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid on biomedical imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2732-46. [PMID: 23392443 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38507h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last twenty-five years 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) has made a significant impact on the field of diagnostic imaging. DOTA is not the only metal chelate in use in medical diagnostics, but it is the only one to significantly impact on all of the major imaging modalities Magnetic Resonance (MR), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and Fluorescence imaging. This crossover of modalities has been possible due to the versatility of DOTA firstly, to complex a variety of metal ions and secondly, the ease with which it can be modified for different disease states. This has driven research over the last two decades into the chemistry of DOTA and the modification of the substituent pendant arms of this macrocycle to create functional, targeted and dual-modal imaging agents. The primary use of DOTA has been with the lanthanide series of metals, gadolinium for MRI, europium and terbium for fluorescence and neodymium for near infra-red imaging. There are now many research groups dedicated to the use of lanthanides with DOTA although other chelates such as DTPA and NOTA are being increasingly employed. The ease with which DOTA can be conjugated to peptides has given rise to targeted imaging agents seen in the PET, SPECT and radiotherapy fields. These modalities use a variety of radiometals that complex with DOTA, e.g.(64)Cu and (68)Ga which are used in clinical PET scans, (111)In, and (90)Y for SPECT and radiotherapy. In this article, we will demonstrate the remarkable versatility of DOTA, how it has crossed the imaging modality boundaries and how it has been successfully transferred into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme J Stasiuk
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Vascular adhesion protein 1 in the eye. J Ophthalmol 2013; 2013:925267. [PMID: 23840939 PMCID: PMC3687510 DOI: 10.1155/2013/925267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein-1 (SSAO/VAP-1), a dual-function molecule with adhesive and enzymatic properties, is expressed on the surface of vascular endothelial cells of mammals. It also exists as a soluble form (sVAP-1), which is implicated in oxidative stress via its enzymatic activity and can be a prognostic biomarker. Recent evidence suggests that VAP-1 is an important therapeutic target for several inflammation-related ocular diseases, such as uveitis, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR), by involving in the recruitment of leukocytes at sites of inflammation. Furthermore, VAP-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of conjunctival inflammatory diseases such as pyogenic granulomas and the progression of conjunctival lymphoma. VAP-1 may be an alternative therapeutic target in ocular diseases. The in vivo imaging of inflammation using VAP-1 as a target molecule is a novel approach with a potential for early detection and characterization of inflammatory diseases. This paper reviews the critical roles of VAP-1 in ophthalmological diseases which may provide a novel research direction or a potent therapeutic strategy.
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Li XG, Autio A, Ahtinen H, Helariutta K, Liljenbäck H, Jalkanen S, Roivainen A, Airaksinen AJ. Translating the concept of peptide labeling with 5-deoxy-5-[18F]fluororibose into preclinical practice: 18F-labeling of Siglec-9 peptide for PET imaging of inflammation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3682-3684. [PMID: 23536117 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40738a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide glycosylation with 5-deoxy-5-[(18)F]fluororibose was translated into preclinical settings. The novel (18)F-labeled Siglec-9 peptide was produced using an automated synthesis procedure. The (18)F-labeled Siglec-9 peptide showed favorable binding in the animal model of inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Guo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. and Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Anu Autio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Helena Ahtinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Kerttuli Helariutta
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland. and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland. and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anu J Airaksinen
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Nononcological Applications of Positron Emission Tomography for Evaluation of the Thorax. J Thorac Imaging 2013; 28:25-39. [DOI: 10.1097/rti.0b013e31827882a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Schultz MK, Donahue P, Musgrave NI, Zhernosekov K, Naidoo C, Razbash A, Tworovska I, Dick DW, Watkins GL, Graham MM, Runde W, Clanton JA, Sunderland JJ. An Increasing Role for 68Ga PET Imaging: A Perspective on the Availability of Parent 68Ge Material for Generator Manufacturing in an Expanding Market. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The use of gallium-68 for molecular imaging is gaining momentum world-wide. While our understanding of 68Ga chemistry, generators, and associated synthesis modules appear to have advanced to a clinically-reliable stage, uncertainty in the supply of radiopharmaceutically-suitable parent is of significant concern. In this work, we examine the current supply of 68Ge in an effort to better understand the potential for expansion of manufacturing to meet an increasing demand for 68Ga. Although specific information on sales and demand of 68Ge is highly business sensitive and thus guarded, our examination finds no shortage in the current supply of 68Ge. On the other hand, increases in the use of 68Ge generators for clinical applications in the United States point to the need for continued support for production at DOE laboratories in the United States to ensure a reliable supply and suggests that new commercial facilities may be needed to meet the increasing demand.
How to cite this article
Schultz MK, Donahue P, Musgrave NI, Zhernosekov K, Naidoo C, Razbash A, Tworovska I, Dick DW, Watkins GL, Graham MM, Runde W, Clanton JA, Sunderland JJ. An Increasing Role for 68Ga PET Imaging: A Perspective on the Availability of Parent 68Ge Material for Generator Manufacturing in an Expanding Market. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(1):26-30.
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AL-Nahhas A, Fanti S. Radiolabelled peptides in diagnosis and therapy: an introduction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 39 Suppl 1:S1-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-012-2064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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