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Fayez H, Selim A, Shamma R, Rashed H. Intranasal Radioiodinated Ferulic Acid Polymeric Micelles as the First Nuclear Medicine Imaging Probe for ETRA Brain Receptor. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:209-217. [PMID: 38213167 DOI: 10.2174/0118744710269885231113070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this work was to prepare a selective nuclear medicine imaging probe for the Endothelin 1 receptor A in the brain. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ferulic acid (an ETRA antagonist) was radiolabeled using 131I by direct electrophilic substitution method. The radiolabeled ferulic acid was formulated as polymeric micelles to allow intranasal brain delivery. Biodistribution was studied in Swiss albino mice by comparing brain uptake of 131I-ferulic acid after IN administration of 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles, IN administration of 131I-ferulic acid solution and IV administration of 131I-ferulic acid solution. RESULTS Successful radiolabeling was achieved with an RCY of 98 % using 200 μg of ferulic acid and 60 μg of CAT as oxidizing agents at pH 6, room temperature and 30 min reaction time. 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles were successfully formulated with the particle size of 21.63 nm and polydispersity index of 0.168. Radioactivity uptake in the brain and brain/blood uptake ratio for I.N 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles were greater than the two other routes at all periods. CONCLUSION Our results provide 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles as a hopeful nuclear medicine tracer for ETRA brain receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Fayez
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Laboratories Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adli Selim
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Laboratories Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11561, Egypt
| | - Hassan Rashed
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Laboratories Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantara, Egypt
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Nayak P, Bentivoglio V, Varani M, Signore A. Three-Dimensional In Vitro Tumor Spheroid Models for Evaluation of Anticancer Therapy: Recent Updates. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4846. [PMID: 37835541 PMCID: PMC10571930 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced tissue engineering processes and regenerative medicine provide modern strategies for fabricating 3D spheroids. Several different 3D cancer models are being developed to study a variety of cancers. Three-dimensional spheroids can correctly replicate some features of solid tumors (such as the secretion of soluble mediators, drug resistance mechanisms, gene expression patterns and physiological responses) better than 2D cell cultures or animal models. Tumor spheroids are also helpful for precisely reproducing the three-dimensional organization and microenvironmental factors of tumors. Because of these unique properties, the potential of 3D cell aggregates has been emphasized, and they have been utilized in in vitro models for the detection of novel anticancer drugs. This review discusses applications of 3D spheroid models in nuclear medicine for diagnosis and therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell and photodynamic therapy and also discusses the establishment of the anticancer activity of nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Nayak
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital Sant’Andrea, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Roma, Italy; (V.B.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
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Monroy-Gonzalez AG, Erba PA, Slart RHJA. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT for assessment of cardiac sarcoidosis: hidden opportunities? J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:1088-1090. [PMID: 36565430 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-03168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Monroy-Gonzalez
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola A Erba
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nuclear Medicine, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Bicocca University Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riemer H J A Slart
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Lee H, Bravo PE. Reference myocardial uptake values on somatostatin receptor-targeted PET: not yet in preference to visual assessment. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:1129-1132. [PMID: 36823487 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Lee
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Paco E Bravo
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Spacer exchange in persistent periprosthetic joint infection: microbiological evaluation and survivorship analysis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:1361-1370. [PMID: 35028707 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-04300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to determine demographics and characteristics of patients who underwent spacer exchange for persistent infection in the setting of two-stage arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection, to describe the microbiology of pathogens involved, to analyze survivorship free from infection in these patients. METHODS The institutional prospectively collected database was reviewed to enroll patients with minimum 2 years follow-up. Patients who underwent two-stage procedure for septic arthritis were excluded, as were patients who had spacer fracture or dislocation. RESULTS A total of 34 patients (41 procedures) were included. Mean age was 65.0 ± 12.8 years. Mean follow-up was 53.4 ± 24.8 months. Mean number of previous procedures was 3.6 ± 1.2. A total of 27 (79.4%) patients underwent final reimplantation. The most frequently isolated pathogen in spacer exchange was Staphylococcus epidermidis (10 cases, 28.6%). Polymicrobial cultures were obtained from 9 (25.71%) patients, 10 (28.6%) presented culture-negative infections. A total of 11 (32.4%) resistant pathogens were isolated, and 16 (47.0%) difficult to treat pathogens were detected. Eradication rate was 78.8%. Overall survivorship of implants after final reimplantation was 72.8% at 51.8 months. CONCLUSION Surgeons should be aware that subjects necessitating spacer exchange often present multiple comorbidities, previous staged revision failures, soft-tissue impairment and difficult to treat infection. In these patients, spacer exchange provides good clinical results and infection eradication, preventing arthrodesis or amputation.
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Vorster M. Gallium-68 Labelled Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging Inflammatory Disorders. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:199-212. [PMID: 36270829 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important component of several chronic and debilitating diseases that result in significant morbidity and mortality. This is best evidenced within the cardiovascular system where it may manifest as atherosclerosis or myocarditis, and at the extreme end of the spectrum as myocardial infarction, ventricular remodeling, or cardiac failure. Early non-invasive detection and monitoring of inflammation in these and other settings may better guide patient management with resultant improved outcomes. Key role players in inflammation pathophysiology include chemokines, macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts, integrins, and reactive oxygen species, amongst others. Examples of receptor expression and over-expression include somatostatin receptors, CXCR4-, folate-, mannose-, TSPO- receptors and secretion of various vascular adhesion molecules (such as VCAM and ICAM). Gallium-68-based PET offers imaging possibilities for nearly all the major pathophysiological role players in inflammation, with mounting recent interest in macrophage differentiation, various forms of receptor expression and secretion of chemokines and vascular adhesion molecules. The advantages in terms of logistics and costs of having generator-produced PET probes available is well known, and a 68Ga-based tracer provides easily translatable theranostic possibilities to especially Lu-177. Some of the more versatile and better validated Ga-68-based inflammation probes include 68Ga-DOTA-TATE/NOC/TOC, 68Ga-NOTA-RGD, 68Ga-CXCR4, 68Ga-citrate and 68Ga-FAPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariza Vorster
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Berea, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
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Kelly AL, Nelson RJ, Sara R, Alberto S. Sjögren Syndrome: New Insights in the Pathogenesis and Role of Nuclear Medicine. J Clin Med 2022; 11:5227. [PMID: 36079157 PMCID: PMC9456759 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, new insights into the molecular basis of rheumatic conditions have been described, which have generated particular interest in understanding the pathophysiology of these diseases, in which lies the explanation of the diversity of clinical presentation and the difficulty in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this review, we focus on the new pathophysiological findings for Sjögren syndrome and on the derived new SPECT and PET radiopharmaceuticals to detect inflammation of immunological origin, focusing on their role in diagnosis, prognosis, and the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzola Luz Kelly
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Clinica Universitaria Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Clinica Reina Sofia, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
- Fundacion Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110111, Colombia
| | - Rivera Jose Nelson
- Internal Medicine Department Clinica Reina Sofia, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Ramírez Sara
- Fundacion Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110111, Colombia
| | - Signore Alberto
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Kirienko M, Biroli M, Pini C, Gelardi F, Sollini M, Chiti A. COVID-19 vaccination, implications for PET/CT image interpretation and future perspectives. Clin Transl Imaging 2022; 10:631-642. [PMID: 35992042 PMCID: PMC9379874 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-022-00521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The present paper aims to systematically review the literature on COVID-19 vaccine-related findings in patients undergoing PET/CT. Methods The search algorithms included the following combination of terms: "PET" OR "positron emission tomography" AND "COVID"; "PET" OR "positron emission tomography" AND "COVID" AND "vaccination"; "PET" OR "positron emission tomography" AND "COVID", AND "autoimmune". Results We selected 17 articles which were assessed for quality and included in the systematic analysis. The most frequent vaccine-related signs on PET/CT were the deltoid [18F]FDG uptake and axillary hypermetabolic lymph nodes, which were described in 8-71% and 7-90% of the patients, respectively. Similarly, frequency of these findings using other tracers than [18F]FDG was greatly variable. This large variability was related to the variability in time elapsed between vaccination and PET/CT, and the criteria used to define positivity. In addition, vaccine-related findings were detected more frequently in young and immunocompetent patients than in elderly and immunocompromised ones. Discussion Therefore, awareness on vaccination status (timing, patient characteristics, and concurrent therapies) and knowledge on patterns of radiopharmaceutical uptake are necessary to properly interpret PET/CT findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Kirienko
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Biroli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Pini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Gelardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Sollini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Arturo Chiti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
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Scheer C, Jüptner M, Maier T, Lützen U. Unusual accumulation of 177Lu-DOTATATE at the injection site of a COVID-19 vaccination. Nuklearmedizin 2022; 61:410-413. [PMID: 35944577 DOI: 10.1055/a-1856-4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Scheer
- Nuklearmedizin, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Jüptner
- Nuklearmedizin, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Timo Maier
- Nuklearmedizin, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulf Lützen
- Nuklearmedizin, Universitatsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Comprehensive Assessment of Somatostatin Receptors in Various Neoplasms: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071394. [PMID: 35890290 PMCID: PMC9325105 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are expressed in various neoplasms and can be targeted for both diagnostics as well as therapeutics. This systematic review aims to compile and discuss the prevalence of somatostatin receptor expression in various neoplasms. We performed a literature search from Google Scholar and PubMed using relevant keywords to look for all publicly available data regarding SSTR expression in various cancers. Both histopathological and radiographical studies were included for SSTR assessment. We found that many cancers express SSTR with varying prevalence. SSTR is now a well-established theranostics biomarker. We now have highly sensitive and specific diagnostic modalities like gallium 68 DOTATATE and copper 64 DOTATATE scans to screen for SSTR-2 and then target it therapeutically with lutetium 177 DOTATATE. A thorough understanding of SSTR expression in other tumors will open the channels for exploring potential SSTR targeting.
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Systematic Review: Targeted Molecular Imaging of Angiogenesis and Its Mediators in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137071. [PMID: 35806074 PMCID: PMC9267012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive angiogenesis is a characteristic feature in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from a very early stage of the disease onward and constitutes a crucial event for the development of the proliferative synovium. This process is markedly intensified in patients with prolonged disease duration, high disease activity, disease severity, and significant inflammatory cell infiltration. Angiogenesis is therefore an interesting target for the development of new therapeutic approaches as well as disease monitoring strategies in RA. To this end, nuclear imaging modalities represent valuable non-invasive tools that can selectively target molecular markers of angiogenesis and accurately and quantitatively track molecular changes in multiple joints simultaneously. This systematic review summarizes the imaging markers used for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and/or positron emission tomography (PET) approaches, targeting pathways and mediators involved in synovial neo-angiogenesis in RA.
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Rosado-de-Castro PH, Pereira-de-Carvalho T, Menna Barreto M, Kritski AL, de Oliveira Souza R, Altino de Almeida S, Cavalcanti Rolla V, Araujo Zin W, Roncally Silva Carvalho A, Souza Rodrigues R. Comparison of 68Ga-DOTATOC and 18F-FDG Thoracic Lymph Node and Pulmonary Lesion Uptake Using PET/CT in Postprimary Tuberculosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:tpmd210416. [PMID: 35378506 PMCID: PMC9128679 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality. Positron emission tomography (PET) associated with computed tomography (CT) allows a structural and metabolic evaluation of TB lesions, being an excellent noninvasive alternative for understanding its pathogenesis. DOTATOC labeled with gallium-68 (68Ga-DOTATOC) can bind to somatostatin receptors present in activated macrophages and lymphocytes, cells with a fundamental role in TB pathogenesis. We describe 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake distribution and patterns in thoracic lymph nodes (LN) and pulmonary lesions (PL) in immunocompetent patients with active postprimary TB, analyze the relative LN/PL uptake, and compare this two tracer's uptake. High uptake of both radiotracers in PL and LN was demonstrated, with higher LN/PL ratio on 68Ga-DOTATOC (P < 0.05). Considering that LN in immunocompetent patients are poorly studied, 68Ga-DOTATOC can contribute to the understanding of the complex immunopathogenesis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Rosado-de-Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Pereira-de-Carvalho
- Department of Radiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Petropolis School of Medicine/Arthur Sá Earp Neto Faculty, Petropolis, Brazil
| | - Miriam Menna Barreto
- Department of Radiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Afrânio Lineu Kritski
- Academic Tuberculosis Program, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Altino de Almeida
- Department of Internal Medicine, D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valéria Cavalcanti Rolla
- Clinical Research Laboratory on Mycobacteria, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alysson Roncally Silva Carvalho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre (UnIC), Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute of Post-Graduation and Research in Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana Souza Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gulhane AV, Chen DL. Overview of positron emission tomography in functional imaging of the lungs for diffuse lung diseases. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20210824. [PMID: 34752146 PMCID: PMC9153708 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20210824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a quantitative molecular imaging modality increasingly used to study pulmonary disease processes and drug effects on those processes. The wide range of drugs and other entities that can be radiolabeled to study molecularly targeted processes is a major strength of PET, thus providing a noninvasive approach for obtaining molecular phenotyping information. The use of PET to monitor disease progression and treatment outcomes in DLD has been limited in clinical practice, with most of such applications occurring in the context of research investigations under clinical trials. Given the high costs and failure rates for lung drug development efforts, molecular imaging lung biomarkers are needed not only to aid these efforts but also to improve clinical characterization of these diseases beyond canonical anatomic classifications based on computed tomography. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of PET applications in characterizing lung disease, focusing on novel tracers that are in clinical development for DLD molecular phenotyping, and briefly address considerations for accurately quantifying lung PET signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti V Gulhane
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, United States
| | - Delphine L Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, United States
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Shamim SA, Arora G, Kumar N, Behera A, Hussain J, Gupta R, Kumar R, Bal C. Comparison of 99mTc-methyl diphosphonate bone scintigraphy and 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/computed tomography in articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. Nucl Med Commun 2022; 43:428-432. [PMID: 35045550 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tc-99m methyl diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy is used to assess disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression in RA has been reported previously. SSTR-based PET/computed tomography (CT) may be superior to bone scintigraphy to know disease extent and in locating inflammatory joints that can be further targeted with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy thereby opening up new theranostic avenues. Based on these facts, the present study was designed to compare Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy and Ga-68 DOTANOC PET/CT in patients with RA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with a clinical diagnosis of RA were injected with 111-185 MBq of Ga-68 DOTANOC and 740 MBq of Tc-99m MDP intravenously. Images were acquired 30-45 min postinjection for Ga-68 DOTANOC on dedicated PET/CT scanners. Triple-phase bone scans were acquired on a dual-head gamma camera. PET/CT and MDP scan images were visually assessed by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians. RESULTS Nineteen patients (16 women and 3 men) with a clinical diagnosis of RA were included in the study. Clinically, 196 joints in these 19 patients were diagnosed positive for RA. Of these 196 joints, Tc-99m MDP uptake was seen in 157 joints (80%). On Ga-68 DOTANOC scan, tracer uptake was seen in 151 of 196 joints (77%) with a lesion to background ratio of at least 2 in most of the joints. CONCLUSION Ga-68 DOTANOC is equally good as an MDP scan for detection of RA with the added advantage of being used as a theranostic modality. However, further evaluation with a larger sample size and joint-to-joint comparison is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Gamma camera imaging of benign thyroid diseases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Aggarwal P, Chandekar KR, Sood A, Zerial S, Kumar R, Sinha A. Incidental Muscle Uptake of 177Lu-DOTATATE in Peripheral Vascular Disease. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 55:320-322. [PMID: 34868382 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-021-00724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-based imaging and therapy has emerged as well-established modality in neuroendocrine tumors. However, its role in inflammation imaging is still evolving. We present a 48-year-old male with metastatic neuroendocrine tumor who underwent lutetium-177-based somatostatin receptor-based therapy. The post-therapy scan showed a focal tracer uptake in the left calf muscle in addition to the expected tracer uptake at the primary and metastatic sites. Further, cross-sectional imaging and biochemical investigations revealed peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The incidental tracer uptake in the calf on post-therapy scan potentiates the role of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in identifying macrophage-specific inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Aggarwal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Kunal Ramesh Chandekar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Ashwani Sood
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Shakti Zerial
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Anindita Sinha
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
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Valhondo-Rama R, Rodríguez Gómez JC, Couto Caro R, Cabrera-Martín MN, Carreras Delgado JL. Incidental 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT Uptake in Hemorrhagic Transformation of Stroke in a Patient With Cervical Paraganglioma. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:e565-e566. [PMID: 34392278 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We present a case of a 75-year-old woman with clinical suspicion of stroke whose cranial CT showed ischemic changes in right precentral region, without visible vascular occlusion, and a right vagal lesion suggestive of paraganglioma. Two weeks later, 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT with IV iodine-based contrast administration (Biograph 6 True Point equipment; Siemens) was performed for characterization of this lesion and staging. Intraparenchymal 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake was visualized in right frontal lobe suggestive of hemorrhagic transformation of the previous stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Valhondo-Rama
- From the Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Molecular Imaging of Vulnerable Coronary Plaque with Radiolabeled Somatostatin Receptors (SSTR). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235515. [PMID: 34884218 PMCID: PMC8658082 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is responsible for the majority of heart attacks and is characterized by several modifications of the arterial wall including an inflammatory reaction. The silent course of atherosclerosis has made it necessary to develop predictors of disease complications before symptomatic lesions occur. Vulnerable to rupture atherosclerotic plaques are the target for molecular imaging. To this aim, different radiopharmaceuticals for PET/CT have emerged for the identification of high-risk plaques, with high specificity for the identification of the cellular components and pathophysiological status of plaques. By targeting specific receptors on activated macrophages in high-risk plaques, radiolabelled somatostatin analogues such as 68Ga-DOTA-TOC, TATE,0 or NOC have shown high relevance to detect vulnerable, atherosclerotic plaques. This PET radiopharmaceutical has been tested in several pre-clinical and clinical studies, as reviewed here, showing an important correlation with other risk factors.
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Haddad C, Herrera-Siklody C, Porretta AP, Carroz P, Pascale P, Pruvot E. From trivial to severe arrhythmias: the diagnostic role of multimodality imaging in inflammatory cardiomyopathy through a case series. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021; 5:ytab418. [PMID: 34805739 PMCID: PMC8598124 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytab418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The diagnosis of inflammatory cardiomyopathy remains challenging in cases presenting with arrhythmia as sole manifestation. An early diagnosis is critical as it may prevent life-threatening complications such as sudden cardiac death and atrioventricular block (AVB). The diagnostic workup of suspected cases includes multimodality imaging that requires an adequate interpretation in order to limit the risk of overdiagnosis.
Case summary
Herein, we report three cases presenting with various new-onset arrhythmias. The first patient was admitted for a third-degree AVB. The second patient suffered from a supraventricular tachycardia which degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. The third case was investigated for symptomatic premature ventricular complexes. No apparent heart disease was observed on standard exams (clinical, biological examinations, and echocardiography). However, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear imaging (68Ga-DOTATOC and/or 18F-FDG PET/CT) suggested an inflammatory substrate that seemed to correlate with the arrhythmic phenotype. Cardiac inflammation disappeared on immunotherapy for the first case and spontaneously for the third case.
Discussion
These cases emphasize the incremental diagnostic yield of multimodality imaging to highlight myocardial inflammation. Nuclear imaging modalities may complement MRI by enabling the detection of active inflammation. The 18F-FDG PET/CT is well established for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis but its role remains to be clarified for the diagnosis of myocarditis. An alternative radiotracer, 68Ga-DOTATOC, appears promising by overcoming the main limitation of 18F-FDG but its specificity is not yet well established. The role of functional investigations is discussed as well as the benefit of immunosuppressive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Haddad
- National Reference Center for Inherited Arrhythmias of Lyon, Arrhythmias Unit, Louis Pradel Cardiovascular Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
- Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Herrera-Siklody
- Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Pia Porretta
- Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Carroz
- Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrizio Pascale
- Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Pruvot
- Arrhythmias Unit, Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Pandey S, Malviya G, Chottova Dvorakova M. Role of Peptides in Diagnostics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168828. [PMID: 34445532 PMCID: PMC8396325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The specificity of a diagnostic assay depends upon the purity of the biomolecules used as a probe. To get specific and accurate information of a disease, the use of synthetic peptides in diagnostics have increased in the last few decades, because of their high purity profile and ability to get modified chemically. The discovered peptide probes are used either in imaging diagnostics or in non-imaging diagnostics. In non-imaging diagnostics, techniques such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), lateral flow devices (i.e., point-of-care testing), or microarray or LC-MS/MS are used for direct analysis of biofluids. Among all, peptide-based ELISA is considered to be the most preferred technology platform. Similarly, peptides can also be used as probes for imaging techniques, such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). The role of radiolabeled peptides, such as somatostatin receptors, interleukin 2 receptor, prostate specific membrane antigen, αβ3 integrin receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide, chemokine receptor 4, and urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, are well established tools for targeted molecular imaging ortumor receptor imaging. Low molecular weight peptides allow a rapid clearance from the blood and result in favorable target-to-non-target ratios. It also displays a good tissue penetration and non-immunogenicity. The only drawback of using peptides is their potential low metabolic stability. In this review article, we have discussed and evaluated the role of peptides in imaging and non-imaging diagnostics. The most popular non-imaging and imaging diagnostic platforms are discussed, categorized, and ranked, as per their scientific contribution on PUBMED. Moreover, the applicability of peptide-based diagnostics in deadly diseases, mainly COVID-19 and cancer, is also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Gaurav Malviya
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G611BD, UK;
| | - Magdalena Chottova Dvorakova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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21
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Sofias AM, De Lorenzi F, Peña Q, Azadkhah Shalmani A, Vucur M, Wang JW, Kiessling F, Shi Y, Consolino L, Storm G, Lammers T. Therapeutic and diagnostic targeting of fibrosis in metabolic, proliferative and viral disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113831. [PMID: 34139255 PMCID: PMC7611899 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common denominator in many pathologies and crucially affects disease progression, drug delivery efficiency and therapy outcome. We here summarize therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for fibrosis targeting in atherosclerosis and cardiac disease, cancer, diabetes, liver diseases and viral infections. We address various anti-fibrotic targets, ranging from cells and genes to metabolites and proteins, primarily focusing on fibrosis-promoting features that are conserved among the different diseases. We discuss how anti-fibrotic therapies have progressed over the years, and how nanomedicine formulations can potentiate anti-fibrotic treatment efficacy. From a diagnostic point of view, we discuss how medical imaging can be employed to facilitate the diagnosis, staging and treatment monitoring of fibrotic disorders. Altogether, this comprehensive overview serves as a basis for developing individualized and improved treatment strategies for patients suffering from fibrosis-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Marios Sofias
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Mildred Scheel School of Oncology (MSSO), Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO(ABCD)), University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Federica De Lorenzi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Quim Peña
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Armin Azadkhah Shalmani
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lorena Consolino
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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22
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Discovery of potential imaging and therapeutic targets for severe inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14151. [PMID: 34239034 PMCID: PMC8266867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide with rapidly increased number of deaths. Hyperinflammation mediated by dysregulated monocyte/macrophage function is considered to be the key factor that triggers severe illness in COVID-19. However, no specific targeting molecule has been identified for detecting or treating hyperinflammation related to dysregulated macrophages in severe COVID-19. In this study, previously published single-cell RNA-sequencing data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from thirteen COVID-19 patients were analyzed with publicly available databases for surface and imageable targets. Immune cell composition according to the severity was estimated with the clustering of gene expression data. Expression levels of imaging target molecules for inflammation were evaluated in macrophage clusters from single-cell RNA-sequencing data. In addition, candidate targetable molecules enriched in severe COVID-19 associated with hyperinflammation were filtered. We found that expression of SLC2A3, which can be imaged by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, was higher in macrophages from severe COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, by integrating the surface target and drug-target binding databases with RNA-sequencing data of severe COVID-19, we identified candidate surface and druggable targets including CCR1 and FPR1 for drug delivery as well as molecular imaging. Our results provide a resource in the development of specific imaging and therapy for COVID-19-related hyperinflammation.
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Yu HN, Liu L, Chen QS, He Q, Li YS, Wang Y, Gao S. Comparison of 18 F-FDG PET/CT and 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in the Targeted Imaging of Culprit Tumors Causing Osteomalacia. Orthop Surg 2021; 13:791-798. [PMID: 33709632 PMCID: PMC8126929 DOI: 10.1111/os.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess and compare the performance of fluorine‐18‐labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET/ CT) and gallium‐68‐labeled tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid‐DPhe1‐Tyr3‐octreotate (68Ga‐ DOTATATE) PET/CT in the targeted imaging of culprit tumors causing osteomalacia. Methods This was a clinical retrospective analysis. We analyzed 13 patients (five men, eight women; mean age, 49 years; range, 19–55 years) with suspicion of tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) between March 2017 and October 2019. All patients underwent two functional imaging methods to locate the culprittumors. Studies were performed on a PET/CT scanner. The injection doses of 18F‐ FDG and 68Ga‐DOTATATE were 0.5mCi/kg and approximately 5.0mCi, respectively. In the two scans, the whole body was captured from head to toe 45 to 60 min after intravenous tracer injection. 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT and 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging results locate culprit tumors according to the following criteria: (i) abnormal foci uptake concentration was observed locally, and the uptake level was higher than the background level of the right lobe of the liver; (ii) combined CT showed or did not have obvious abnormal density changes; and (iii) non‐specific ingestion lesions due to fracture, arthritis, necrosis of femoral head are excluded. Compared with the results of pathological examination and clinical follow‐up, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT imaging and 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging for TIO were analyzed. Results All patients had symptoms of osteomalacia and hypophosphatemia. The lag time (symptoms to PET diagnosis) ranged from 2 to 12 years. There were eight cases of TIO patients and five cases of non‐TIO patients confirmed by surgery, pathology and follow‐up. Among the eight TIO patients, there were six cases (75.0%) of PMTs, one case (12.5%) of giant cell tumor, one case (12.5%) of hemangiopericutoma. Most (n = 6, 75.0%) of the confirmed tumors in our patient population were in the lower extremities, followed by craniofacial regions (n = 1, 12.5%), and torso (n = 1, 12.5%), respectively. Among the five non‐TIO patients, there were two cases of Fanconi syndrome, one case of rickets, and two cases of sporadic osteomalacia hypophosphorus. The culprit tumors could be located either in the bone (n = 5, 62.5%) or the soft tissue (n = 3, 37.5%). 18F‐FDG PET/CT was able to localize the tumor in six (6/13, 46.1%) patients. 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT detected tumor in 8 (83.3%) of 13 patients. The sensitivity of 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT imaging and 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging in the evaluation of TIO in our patient population were 100% (8/8) vs 75% (6/8). The specificity of the two different methods was 80% (4/5). The overall accuracy was 92.3% (12/13) vs 76.9% (10/13). Conclusions 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT is very effective in assessing hypophosphatemia patients with TIO typical symptoms compared with 18F‐FDG. Therefore, in clinically suspected cases of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT should be preferred as an imaging modality investigation to avoid delay in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Yu
- Department of PET-CT Diagnostic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 4th Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu-Song Chen
- Department of PET-CT Diagnostic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Sheng Li
- Department of PET-CT Diagnostic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of PET-CT Diagnostic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- Department of PET-CT Diagnostic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Imaging Inflammation with Positron Emission Tomography. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020212. [PMID: 33669804 PMCID: PMC7922638 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of inflammation on the outcome of many medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases has been widely acknowledged. However, in contrast to neurological, oncologic, and cardiovascular disorders, imaging plays a minor role in research and management of inflammation. Imaging can provide insights into individual and temporospatial biology and grade of inflammation which can be of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic value. There is therefore an urgent need to evaluate and understand current approaches and potential applications for imaging of inflammation. This review discusses radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) that have been used to image inflammation in cardiovascular diseases and other inflammatory conditions with a special emphasis on radiotracers that have already been successfully applied in clinical settings.
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Chandrasekharan P, Fung KB, Zhou XY, Cui W, Colson C, Mai D, Jeffris K, Huynh Q, Saayujya C, Kabuli L, Fellows B, Lu Y, Yu E, Tay ZW, Zheng B, Fong L, Conolly SM. Non-radioactive and sensitive tracking of neutrophils towards inflammation using antibody functionalized magnetic particle imaging tracers. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:240-255. [PMID: 33614400 PMCID: PMC7893534 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.50721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
White blood cells (WBCs) are a key component of the mammalian immune system and play an essential role in surveillance, defense, and adaptation against foreign pathogens. Apart from their roles in the active combat of infection and the development of adaptive immunity, immune cells are also involved in tumor development and metastasis. Antibody-based therapeutics have been developed to regulate (i.e. selectively activate or inhibit immune function) and harness immune cells to fight malignancy. Alternatively, non-invasive tracking of WBC distribution can diagnose inflammation, infection, fevers of unknown origin (FUOs), and cancer. Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a non-invasive, non-radioactive, and sensitive medical imaging technique that uses safe superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) as tracers. MPI has previously been shown to track therapeutic stem cells for over 87 days with a ~200 cell detection limit. In the current work, we utilized antibody-conjugated SPIOs specific to neutrophils for in situ labeling, and non-invasive and radiation-free tracking of these inflammatory cells to sites of infection and inflammation in an in vivo murine model of lipopolysaccharide-induced myositis. MPI showed sensitive detection of inflammation with a contrast-to-noise ratio of ~8-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chandrasekharan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - K.L. Barry Fung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Group in Bioengineering, California, United States
| | - Xinyi Y. Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Group in Bioengineering, California, United States
| | - Weiwen Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Caylin Colson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Group in Bioengineering, California, United States
| | - David Mai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kenneth Jeffris
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Quincy Huynh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chinmoy Saayujya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Leyla Kabuli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Benjamin Fellows
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elaine Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhi Wei Tay
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lawrence Fong
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Steven M. Conolly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Joosten L, Boss M, Jansen T, Brom M, Buitinga M, Aarntzen E, Eriksson O, Johansson L, de Galan B, Gotthardt M. Molecular Imaging of Diabetes. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Detection Rate of Culprit Tumors Causing Osteomalacia Using Somatostatin Receptor PET/CT: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 10:diagnostics10010002. [PMID: 31861469 PMCID: PMC7169446 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor-induced or oncogenic osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome in which osteomalacia is a consequence of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion by a mesenchymal tumor. The localization of the culprit lesion in patients with TIO is often challenging. Several studies have evaluated the detection rate (DR) of these tumors using somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography (SSTR-PET/CT). We aimed to summarize literature findings on this topic providing pooled estimates of DR. Methods: A comprehensive literature search by screening PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library electronic databases through August 2019 was performed. The pooled DR of culprit tumors using SSTR-PET/CT in patients with TIO was calculated using a random-effects statistical model. Results: Fourteen studies on the use of SSTR-PET/CT in detecting the culprit tumor in patients with TIO were included in the qualitative analysis. The pooled DR of SSTR-PET/CT on a per-patient-based analysis calculated using eleven studies (166 patients) was 87.6% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 80.2–95.1%). Statistical heterogeneity among studies was detected (I-square = 63%), likely due to the use of different radiolabeled somatostatin analogues, as demonstrated by a subgroup analysis. Conclusions: Despite limited literature data due to the rarity of the disease, SSTR-PET/CT demonstrated a very high DR of culprit tumors in patients with TIO and it could be used as first-line imaging method for this indication.
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