1
|
Jasrotia R, Dhanjal DS, Bhardwaj S, Sharma P, Chopra C, Singh R, Kumar A, Mubayi A, Kumar D, Kumar R, Goyal A. Nanotechnology based vaccines: Cervical cancer management and perspectives. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
2
|
He X, Zhou S, Quinn B, Jahagirdar D, Ortega J, Abrams SI, Lovell JF. HPV-Associated Tumor Eradication by Vaccination with Synthetic Short Peptides and Particle-Forming Liposomes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007165. [PMID: 33605054 PMCID: PMC8011812 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV)-16 is associated with cervical cancers and induces expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes. Using a murine cell line that expresses these, the genes are sequenced, and six predicted major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) epitopes are identified. A liposomal vaccine adjuvant based on cobalt-porphyrin-phospholipid (CoPoP) is admixed with synthetic 9-mer epitopes appended with three histidine residues, resulting in rapid formation of peptide-liposome particles. Immunization with multivalent peptides leads to protection from tumor challenge. Of the peptides screened, only the previously identified E749-57 epitope is functional. The peptide-liposome particles that form upon mixing E7HHH49-57 with CoPoP liposomes are stable in serum and are avidly taken up by immune cells in vitro. Immunization results in robust protection from tumor challenge and re-challenge. A 100 ng peptide dose protects mice in a therapeutic tumor challenge when admixed with CoPoP liposomes, whereas 200-fold higher peptide doses are ineffective with the polyinosinic-polycytidylic (poly(I:C)) adjuvant. CoPoP induces a strong infiltrating CD8+ T-cell response within the tumor microenvironment with an improved functional profile. Vaccine monotherapy using nanogram dosing of the E7HHH49-57 peptide admixed with CoPoP reverses the growth of large established tumors, eradicating subcutaneous tumors upwards of 100 mm3 . Immunization also eradicates lung tumors in a metastasis model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan He
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Breandan Quinn
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Dushyant Jahagirdar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Scott I. Abrams
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Immunology, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sasaki E, Hamaguchi I, Mizukami T. Pharmacodynamic and safety considerations for influenza vaccine and adjuvant design. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:1051-1061. [PMID: 32772723 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1807936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A novel adjuvant evaluation system for safety and immunogenicity is needed. Vaccination is important for infection prevention, for example, from influenza viruses. Adjuvants are considered critical for improving the effectiveness of influenza vaccines. Adjuvant development is an important issue in influenza vaccine design. AREAS COVERED A conventional in vivo evaluation method for vaccine safety has been limited in analyzing phenotypic and pathological changes. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain information on the changes at the molecular level. This review aims to explain the recently developed genomics analysis-based vaccine adjuvant safety evaluation tools verified by AddaVaxTM and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) using 18 biomarker genes and whole-virion inactivated influenza vaccine as a toxicity control. Genomics analyzes would help provide safety and efficacy information regarding influenza vaccine design by facilitating appropriate adjuvant selection. EXPERT OPINION The efficacy and safety profiles of influenza vaccines and adjuvants using genomics technologies provide useful information regarding immunogenicity, which is related to safety and efficacy. This approach provides important information to select appropriate inoculation routes, combinations of vaccine antigens and adjuvants, and dosing amounts. The efficacy of vaccine adjuvant evaluation by genomics analysis should be verified by various studies using various vaccines in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eita Sasaki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Mizukami
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wasan EK, Syeda J, Strom S, Cawthray J, Hancock RE, Wasan KM, Gerdts V. A lipidic delivery system of a triple vaccine adjuvant enhances mucosal immunity following nasal administration in mice. Vaccine 2019; 37:1503-1515. [PMID: 30739796 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously developed an highly efficacious combination adjuvant comprised of innate defense regulator (IDR)-1002 peptide, poly(I:C) and polyphosphazene (TriAdj). Here we aimed to design and test the in vivo efficacy of a mucoadhesive nasal formulation of this adjuvant. To determine the physical properties of the formulation, the effect of addition of each individual component was characterised by gel electrophoresis and fluorescence quenching using rhodamine-poly(I:C). Cationic liposomes comprised of didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) (50:50 or 75:25 mol:mol) and DDAB, L-α-phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) and DOPE (40:50:10 mol:mol:mol) were prepared by the thin-film extrusion method. The liposomes and TriAdj were combined by simple mixing. The formed complex (L-TriAdj) was characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and mucin interactions. We found that IDR-1002 peptide, polyphosphazene and poly(I:C) self-assembled in solution forming an anionic complex. Exposure of RAW267.4 mouse macrophage cells to TriAdj alone vs. L-TriAdj indicated that DDAB/DOPE (50:50) and DDAB/EPC/cholesterol (40:50:10) complexation reduced TriAdj toxicity. Next, TriAdj-containing cationic liposomes were prepared at several molar ratios to determine optimal size, stability and desired positive charge. Transmission electron microscopy showed rearrangement of lipid structures on binding of liposomes to TriAdj and to mucin. Stable particles (<200 nm over 24 h) showed mucin binding of DDAB/DOPE + TriAdj was greater than DDAB/EPC/DOPE + TriAdj. To verify in vivo efficacy, mice were administered the DDAB/DOPE + TriAdj complex intranasally with ovalbumin as the antigen, and the immunogenic response was measured by ELISA (serum IgG1, IgG2a, IgA) and ELISpot assays (splenocyte IL-5, IFN-γ). Mice administered adjuvant showed a significantly greater immune response with L-TriAdj than TriAdj alone, with a dose-response proportionate to the triple adjuvant content, and an overall balanced Th1/Th2 immune response representing both systemic and mucosal immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Jaweria Syeda
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Stacy Strom
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Cawthray
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Robert E Hancock
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kishor M Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sasaki E, Momose H, Hiradate Y, Mizukami T, Hamaguchi I. Establishment of a novel safety assessment method for vaccine adjuvant development. Vaccine 2018; 36:7112-7118. [PMID: 30318166 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines effectively prevent infectious diseases. Many types of vaccines against various pathogens that threaten humans are currently in widespread use. Recently, adjuvant adaptation has been attempted to activate innate immunity to enhance the effectiveness of vaccines. The effectiveness of adjuvants for vaccinations has been demonstrated in many animal models and clinical trials. Although a highly potent adjuvant tends to have high effectiveness, it also has the potential to increase the risk of side effects such as pain, edema, and fever. Indeed, highly effective adjuvants, such as poly(I:C), have not been clinically applied due to their high risks of toxicity in humans. Therefore, the task in the field of adjuvant development is to clinically apply highly effective and non- or low-toxic adjuvant-containing vaccines. To resolve this issue, it is essential to ensure a low risk of side effects and the high efficacy of an adjuvant in the early developmental phases. This review summarizes the theory and history of the current safety assessment methods for adjuvants, using the inactivated influenza vaccine as a model. Our novel method was developed as a system to judge the safety of a candidate compound using biomarkers identified by genomic technology and statistical tools. A systematic safety assessment tool for adjuvants would be of great use for predicting toxicity during novel adjuvant development, screening, and quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eita Sasaki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Haruka Momose
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Hiradate
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Takuo Mizukami
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Combinatorial treatment with polyI:C and anti-IL6 enhances apoptosis and suppresses metastasis of lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32884-32904. [PMID: 28427199 PMCID: PMC5464836 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of TLR3 stimulates cancer cell apoptosis and triggers secretion of inflammatory cytokines. PolyI:C, a TLR3 agonist, activates immune cells and regresses metastatic lung cancer in vivo. Although polyI:C reportedly kills lung carcinomas, the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that polyI:C suppressed the proliferation and survival of metastatic (NCI-H358 and NCI-H292) and non-metastatic (A549) lung cancer cells. Notably, A549, NCI-H292 and NCI-H358 which are inducible by polyI:C, expressed low-to-medium level of TLR3 protein, and were susceptible to polyI:C treatment. By contrast, NCI-H1299, which endogenously expresses high level of TLR3 protein, was insensitive to polyI:C. We showed that polyI:C stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with survival and metastasis in a cell type-specific manner. While A549 and NCI-H292 released high levels of IL6, IL8 and GRO, the NCI-H358 cells endogenously secretes abundant levels of these cytokines, and was not further induced by polyI:C. Thus, NCI-H358 was resistant to the inhibition of cytokine-dependent metastasis. NCI-H1299, which was unresponsive to polyI:C, did not produce any of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment of A549 with a combination of polyI:C and anti-IL6 antibody significantly decreased IL6 production, and enhanced polyI:C-mediated killing and suppression of oncogenicity and metastasis. While polyI:C stimulated the phosphorylation of STAT3 and JAK2, blockade of these proteins enhanced polyI:C-mediated suppression of survival and metastasis. Taken together, polyI:C alone provoked apoptosis of lung cancer cells that express low-to-medium levels of functional TLR3 protein. The combinatorial treatment with polyI:C and anti-IL6 enhanced polyI:C-mediated anticancer activities through IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signalling, and apoptosis via TLR3-mediated caspase 3/8 pathway.
Collapse
|
7
|
Poly(I:C) enhanced anti-cervical cancer immunities induced by dendritic cells-derived exosomes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:1182-1187. [PMID: 29427678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-derived exosomes (Dexo) has been confirmed to be able to induce the specific anti-tumor immune response ex vivo and in vivo. Here, the aim of this study was to evaluate the application of the antigen-pulsed Dexo as a new vaccination platform in immunotherapy for cervical cancer. The immunogenic profile of the different Dexo was assessed by the cell proliferation, cytokines secretion and effector functions of CD8+ T cells and the splenocytes from Dexo-vaccinated mice. Furthermore, the anti-tumor immunity elicited by Dexo was further compared in cervical cancer-bearing mice. Dexo from DCs loaded with E749-57 peptide could efficiently induce the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells on TC-1 tumor cells ex vivo, the proliferation and IFN-γ excretion of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, Dexo vaccine promoted the immune responses of vaccinated mice splenocytes induced by antigen E7 in vitro restimulation. Of note, poly(I:C) was significantly more potent inducer of the antigen-loaded Dexo mediated protective immunity responses for cervical cancer and further evidenced by that Dexo(E7+pIC) markedly inhibited the tumor growth and improved the survival rate of the tumor-bearing mice. We provided evidence that poly(I:C) dramatically increased the potent antitumoral immunity induced by antigen-pulsed Dexo for ameliorating cervical cancer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ding L, Ren J, Zhang D, Li Y, Huang X, Ji J, Hu Q, Wang H, Ni Y, Hou Y. The TLR3 Agonist Inhibit Drug Efflux and Sequentially Consolidates Low-Dose Cisplatin-Based Chemoimmunotherapy while Reducing Side Effects. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1068-1079. [PMID: 28138030 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The traditional maximum dose density chemotherapy renders the tumor patients not only the tumor remission but the chemotherapy resistance and more adverse side effects. According to the widely positive expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients (n = 166), we here provided an alternative strategy involved the orderly treatment of TLR3 agonist polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (PIC) and low-dose cisplatin. The optimal dose of cisplatin, the novel role of PIC and the side effects of the combined chemotherapy were determined in vitro and in distinct human tumor models in vivo The results in vitro indicated that preculture with PIC downregulated drug transporters (e.g., P-gp and MRP-1) and increased the cytoplasmic residence of cisplatin, and dramatically strengthened the low-dose cisplatin-induced cell death in TLR3- and caspase-3-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the spleen immunocytes were activated but the immunosuppressive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) were dampened. These findings were confirmed in human tumor models in vivo Pretreatment with PIC promoted the low-dose cisplatin residence for tumor regression with decreased myeloid-suppressive cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and CAFs, and alleviated adverse side effects in the OSCC model, which was further enhanced by the Cetuximab safely. This strategy also repressed the progression of melanoma and lymphoma. Moreover, TLR3 negatively manipulated the inflammation-related long noncoding RNA lnc-IL7R, which was upregulated during this chemotherapy. Knockdown of lnc-IL7R improved the chemotherapy sensitivity. Overall, this study provided preclinically new instructions for the PIC/cisplatin utilization to target tumor microenvironment and strengthen the low-dose cisplatin-based chemotherapy with reduced side effects. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 1068-79. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongya Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingang Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yanhong Ni
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology and Hospital of Stomatology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alipour Talesh G, Ebrahimi Z, Badiee A, Mansourian M, Attar H, Arabi L, Jalali SA, Jaafari MR. Poly (I:C)-DOTAP cationic nanoliposome containing multi-epitope HER2-derived peptide promotes vaccine-elicited anti-tumor immunity in a murine model. Immunol Lett 2016; 176:57-64. [PMID: 27260485 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the current study we aimed at developing a vaccine delivery/adjuvant system to enhance anti-tumor immunity against the natural multi-epitope HER2/Neu-derived P5 peptide. Polyriboinosinic: polyribocytidylic acid [Poly (I:C)] is a strong immunoadjuvant able to enhance specific antitumor immunity induced by peptide-based vaccines. Nevertheless, delivering the peptide and adjuvant intracellularly into their target site remains a challenging issue. We hypothesized this barrier could be overcome through the use of a cationic nanoliposome carrier system which can carry and protect the antigen and adjuvant in the extracellular environment and augment the induction of antitumor immunity. P5 was encapsulated in cationic nanoliposomes composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP)-Cholesterol either alone or complexed with Poly (I:C). Immunocompetent BALB/c mice were immunized with the formulations 3 times in two-week intervals and the efficiency and type of immune response were then evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The groups immunized with Lip-P5+PIC (DOTAP-Cholestrol-P5+Poly (I:C)) and Lip+PIC (DOTAP-Cholestrol+Poly (I:C)) enhanced the release of Interferon (IFN)-γ in comparison with other groups. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that Lip-P5+PIC formulation induced the highest level of IFN-γ in CD8(+) lymphocytes. Lip-P5+PIC, Lip+PIC and Lip-P5 (DOTAP-Cholestrol-P5) provided some extent of protection in terms of tumor regression in TUBO tumor mice model during the first 65days post tumor challenge but at the end only the tumors of mice immunized with Lip-P5+PIC were significantly smaller than all other groups. Furthermore, tumors of mice receiving Lip-P5+PIC grew at a significantly slower rate throughout the observation period. Our results showed that the combination of Poly (I:C) and DOTAP with the tumor antigen and without applying additional T-helper epitope induced strong antitumor responses. The observations presented here are of great interest for future vaccine studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Alipour Talesh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ebrahimi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mercedeh Mansourian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Attar
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Science & Research Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo J, Yang Y, Xiao W, Sun W, Yu H, Du L, Lustigman S, Jiang S, Kou Z, Zhou Y. A truncated fragment of Ov-ASP-1 consisting of the core pathogenesis-related-1 (PR-1) domain maintains adjuvanticity as the full-length protein. Vaccine 2015; 33:1974-80. [PMID: 25736195 PMCID: PMC7115538 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Onchocerca volvulus activation-associated secreted protein-1 (Ov-ASP-1) has good adjuvanticity for a variety of antigens and vaccines, probably due to its ability activate antigen-processing cells (APCs). However, the functional domain of Ov-ASP-1 as an adjuvant is not clearly defined. Based on the structural prediction of this protein family, we constructed a 16-kDa recombinant protein of Ov-ASP-1 that contains only the core pathogenesis-related-1 (PR-1) domain (residues 10-153), designated ASPPR. We found that ASPPR exhibits adjuvanticity similar to that of the full-length Ov-ASP-1 (residues 10-220) for various antigens, including ovalbumin (OVA), HBsAg protein antigen, and the HIV peptide 5 (Pep5) antigen, but it is more suitable for vaccine design in ASPPR-antigen fusion proteins, and more stable in PBS than Ov-ASP-1 stored at -70 °C. These results suggest that ASPPR might be the functional region of Ov-ASP-1 as an adjuvant, and therefore could be developed as an adjuvant for human use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Weilai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lanying Du
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Lustigman
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Yusen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rahimian S, Fransen MF, Kleinovink JW, Christensen JR, Amidi M, Hennink WE, Ossendorp F. Polymeric nanoparticles for co-delivery of synthetic long peptide antigen and poly IC as therapeutic cancer vaccine formulation. J Control Release 2015; 203:16-22. [PMID: 25660830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to develop a cancer vaccine formulation for treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced malignancies. Synthetic long peptides (SLPs) derived from HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins have been used for therapeutic vaccination in clinical trials with promising results. In preclinical and clinical studies adjuvants based on mineral oils (such as incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and Montanide) are used to create a sustained release depot at the injection site. While the depot effect of mineral oils is important for induction of robust immune responses, their administration is accompanied with severe adverse and long lasting side effects. In order to develop an alternative for IFA family of adjuvants, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) based on hydrophilic polyester (poly(d,l lactic-co-hydroxymethyl glycolic acid) (pLHMGA)) were prepared. These NPs were loaded with a synthetic long peptide (SLP) derived from HPV16 E7 oncoprotein and a toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand (poly IC) by double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The therapeutic efficacy of the nanoparticulate formulations was compared to that of HPV SLP+poly IC formulated in IFA. Encapsulation of HPV SLP antigen in NPs substantially enhanced the population of HPV-specific CD8+ T cells when combined with poly IC either co-encapsulated with the antigen or in its soluble form. The therapeutic efficacy of NPs containing poly IC in tumor eradication was equivalent to that of the IFA formulation. Importantly, administration of pLHMGA nanoparticles was not associated with adverse effects and therefore these biodegradable nanoparticles are excellent substitutes for IFA in cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Rahimian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Kleinovink
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jonatan Riis Christensen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam Amidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Heidenreich R, Jasny E, Kowalczyk A, Lutz J, Probst J, Baumhof P, Scheel B, Voss S, Kallen KJ, Fotin-Mleczek M. A novel RNA-based adjuvant combines strong immunostimulatory capacities with a favorable safety profile. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:372-84. [PMID: 25530186 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein- and peptide-based tumor vaccines depend on strong adjuvants to induce potent immune responses. Here, we demonstrated that a recently developed novel adjuvant based on a non-coding, long-chain RNA molecule, termed RNAdjuvant(®) , profoundly increased immunogenicity of both antigen formats. RNAdjuvant(®) induced balanced, long-lasting immune responses that resulted in a strong anti-tumor activity. A direct comparison to Poly(I:C) showed superior efficacy of our adjuvant to enhance antigen-specific multifunctional CD8(+) T-cell responses and mediate anti-tumor responses induced by peptide derived from HPV-16 E7 protein in the syngeneic TC-1 tumor, a murine model of human HPV-induced cervical cancer. Moreover, the adjuvant was able to induce functional memory responses that mediated complete tumor remission. Despite its remarkable immunostimulatory activity, our RNA-based adjuvant exhibited an excellent pre-clinical safety profile. It acted only locally at the injection site where it elicited a transient but strong up-regulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-viral cytokines as well as cytoplasmic RNA sensors without systemic cytokine release. This was followed by the activation of immune cells in the draining lymph nodes. Our data indicate that our RNA-based adjuvant is a safe and potent immunostimulator that may profoundly improve the efficacy of a variety of cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Heidenreich
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Edith Jasny
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Johannes Lutz
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Jochen Probst
- IDT Biologika GmbH, Quality Unit Vaccines, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Patrick Baumhof
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Birgit Scheel
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Söhnke Voss
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Kallen
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Mariola Fotin-Mleczek
- CureVac GmbH, Department of pre-clinical research, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 15, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ammi R, De Waele J, Willemen Y, Van Brussel I, Schrijvers DM, Lion E, Smits ELJ. Poly(I:C) as cancer vaccine adjuvant: knocking on the door of medical breakthroughs. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 146:120-31. [PMID: 25281915 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although cancer vaccination has yielded promising results in patients, the objective response rates are low. The right choice of adjuvant might improve the efficacy. Here, we review the biological rationale, as well as the preclinical and clinical results of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and its derivative poly-ICLC as cancer vaccine adjuvants. These synthetic immunological danger signals enhanced vaccine-induced anti-tumor immune responses and contributed to tumor elimination in animal tumor models and patients. Supported by these results, poly-ICLC-containing cancer vaccines are currently extensively studied in the ongoing trials, making it highly plausible that poly-ICLC will be part of the future approved cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Ammi
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jorrit De Waele
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yannick Willemen
- Tumor Immunology Group, Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ilse Van Brussel
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dorien M Schrijvers
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eva Lion
- Tumor Immunology Group, Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium; Center for Cell Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Evelien L J Smits
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Tumor Immunology Group, Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium; Center for Cell Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lin B, Zhao H, Fan J, Xie F, Wang W, Ding X. B16 cell lysates plus polyinosinic-cytidylic acid effectively eradicate melanoma in a mouse model by acting as a prophylactic vaccine. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:911-6. [PMID: 24840631 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Th1 antigen-specific T cells secrete interferon-γ, which is able to kill antigen-specific cancer cells and is helpful for cancer vaccines. The aim of the present study was to explore whether B16 cell lysates plus polyinosinic-cytidylic acid (poly I:C) can effectively inhibit the progression of melanoma in an animal model. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups, with each group containing more than six mice. The groups of mice were immunized twice with B16 cell lysates plus poly I:C, B16 cell lysates, or phosphate-buffered saline only, respectively. The in vivo results demonstrated that splenocytes from the mice immunized with B16 cell lysates plus poly I:C contained higher percentages of CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes, which were detected by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, and produced higher levels of antigen-specific splenocyte proliferation activity, as detected by MTT assay. The splenocytes from the mice immunized with B16 cell lysates in combination with poly I:C produced higher levels of interferon‑γ, as detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and ELISA, as well as cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity when stimulated in vitro with B16 lysates. Additionally, subcutaneous immunization of the C57BL/6 mice with B16 cell lysates plus poly I:C conferred greater protection against tumor-forming B16 melanoma cells than that of the mice immunized with injection of B16 cell lysate alone. In conclusion, the cancer vaccine of B16 cell lysates plus poly I:C exerts potently protective effects that polarize responses toward Th1 and elicit antitumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biwen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Salvador A, Igartua M, Hernández RM, Pedraz JL. Designing improved poly lactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres for a malarial vaccine: incorporation of alginate and polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid. J Microencapsul 2014; 31:560-6. [PMID: 24697189 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2014.885608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination using proteins and peptides is currently gaining importance. One of the major drawbacks of this approach is the lack of an efficient immune response when the antigens are administered without adjuvants. In this study, we have taken the advantage of a combined adjuvant system in order to improve the immunogenicity of the SPf66 malarial antigen. For that purpose, we have combined poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid microspheres, alginate, and polyinosinic polycytidilic acid. Our results show that microspheres can enhance the IgG production obtained with Freund's complete adjuvant. We have attributed this improvement to the presence of polyinosinic polycytidilic acid, since formulations comprising this adjuvant overcame the immune response from the others. In addition, our microspheres produced both IgG1 and IgG2a, leading to mixed Th1/Th2 activation, optimal for malaria vaccination. In conclusion, we have designed a preliminary formulation with a high potential for the treatment of malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiala Salvador
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain and
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lion E, de Winde CM, Van Tendeloo VFI, Smits ELJM. Loading of acute myeloid leukemia cells with poly(I:C) by electroporation. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1139:233-241. [PMID: 24619684 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0345-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe the technique of electroporation as an efficient method to load primary leukemic cells with the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analogue, polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), and detail on the delicate freezing and thawing procedure of primary leukemic cells.Electroporation is a non-viral gene transfer method by which short-term pores in the membrane of cells are generated by an electrical pulse, allowing molecules to enter the cell. RNA electroporation, a technique developed in our laboratory, is a widely used and versatile transfection method for efficient introduction of both coding RNA (messenger RNA) and non-coding RNA, e.g., dsRNA and small interfering (siRNA), into mammalian cells. Accurate cell processing and storage of patient material is essential for optimal recovery and quality of the cell product for downstream applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lion
- Tumor Immunology Group, Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rodriguez BL, Blando JM, Lansakara-P DSP, Kiguchi Y, DiGiovanni J, Cui Z. Antitumor activity of tumor-targeted RNA replicase-based plasmid that expresses interleukin-2 in a murine melanoma model. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2404-15. [PMID: 23641783 DOI: 10.1021/mp400033m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has multiple antitumor mechanisms that may be used to control tumor growth. Previously we have shown that treatment of solid tumors with a plasmid that encodes Sindbis viral RNA replicase complex, pSIN-β, significantly inhibited the growth of tumors in mice. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of further improving the antitumor activity of the pSIN-β plasmid by incorporating interleukin-2 (IL2) gene into the plasmid. The resultant pSIN-IL2 plasmid was delivered to mouse melanoma cells that overexpress the sigma receptor. Here we report that the pSIN-IL2 plasmid was more effective at controlling the growth of B16 melanoma in mice when complexed with sigma receptor-targeted liposomes than with the untargeted liposomes. Importantly, the pSIN-IL2 plasmid was more effective than pSIN-β plasmid at controlling the growth of B16 melanoma in mice, and B16 tumor-bearing mice that were treated with pSIN-IL2 had an elevated number of activated CD4(+), CD8(+), and natural killer cells, as compared to those treated with pSIN-β. The RNA replicase-based, IL2-expressing plasmid may have applications in melanoma gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Leticia Rodriguez
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kastenmüller K, Espinosa DA, Trager L, Stoyanov C, Salazar AM, Pokalwar S, Singh S, Dutta S, Ockenhouse CF, Zavala F, Seder RA. Full-length Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein administered with long-chain poly(I·C) or the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-stable emulsion elicits potent antibody and CD4+ T cell immunity and protection in mice. Infect Immun 2013; 81:789-800. [PMID: 23275094 PMCID: PMC3584875 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01108-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein (CSP) is a major vaccine target for preventing malaria infection. Thus, developing strong and durable antibody and T cell responses against CSP with novel immunogens and potent adjuvants may improve upon the success of current approaches. Here, we compare four distinct full-length P. falciparum CS proteins expressed in Escherichia coli or Pichia pastoris for their ability to induce immunity and protection in mice when administered with long-chain poly(I · C) [poly(I · C)LC] as an adjuvant. CS proteins expressed in E. coli induced high-titer antibody responses against the NANP repeat region and potent CSP-specific CD4(+) T cell responses. Moreover, E. coli-derived CS proteins in combination with poly(I · C)LC induced potent multifunctional (interleukin 2-positive [IL-2(+)], tumor necrosis factor alpha-positive [TNF-α(+)], gamma interferon-positive [IFN-γ(+)]) CD4(+) effector T cell responses in blood, in spleen, and particularly in liver. Using transgenic Plasmodium berghei expressing the repeat region of P. falciparum CSP [Pb-CS(Pf)], we showed that there was a 1- to 4-log decrease in malaria rRNA in the liver following a high-dose challenge and ~50% sterilizing protection with a low-dose challenge compared to control levels. Protection was directly correlated with high-level antibody titers but not CD4(+) T cell responses. Finally, protective immunity was also induced using the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-stable emulsion (GLA-SE) as the adjuvant, which also correlated with high antibody titers yet CD4(+) T cell immunity that was significantly less potent than that with poly(I · C)LC. Overall, these data suggest that full-length CS proteins and poly(I · C)LC or GLA-SE offer a simple vaccine formulation to be used alone or in combination with other vaccines for preventing malaria infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Kastenmüller
- Vaccine Research Center and Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Diego A. Espinosa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Trager
- Vaccine Research Center and Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Cristina Stoyanov
- Vaccine Research Center and Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sheetij Dutta
- Division of Malaria Vaccine Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Christian F. Ockenhouse
- Division of Malaria Vaccine Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Fidel Zavala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert A. Seder
- Vaccine Research Center and Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang YK, Zheng Z, Qiu F. Polyinosinic-cytidylic acid as an adjuvant on natural killer- and dendritic cell-mediated antitumor activities. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1615-23. [PMID: 23430582 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that treatment with E7(44-62) and the adjuvant polyinosinic-cytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) in a rodent model generates antitumor immune responses, but the effect of E7(44-62) with poly(I:C) on natural killer (NK)- and dendritic cell (DC)-mediated antitumor activities is still unclear. Our goal was to examine the antitumor effects of E7(44-62) with poly(I:C). We examined the ability of E7(44-62) with poly(I:C) to induce toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) expression, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) mRNA expression, and tumor cell-killing activity in human NK cells as well as its ability to induce CD11c and CD86 expression and proliferation in human DCs. We found that E7(44-62) with poly(I:C) treatment markedly increased TLR3 expression and cytotoxicity against HeLa cells in human NK92 cells. Moreover, treatment with E7(44-62) and poly(I:C) markedly up-regulated IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNA expression in NK92 cells. Human patients with cervical cancer exhibited a marked decrease in the frequency of DCs; however, ex vivo treatment with E7(44-62) and poly(I:C) restored DC frequency. Stimulation of human DCs in patients with E7(44-62) and poly(I:C) led to high levels of CD11c and CD86 expression. Our data reveal the involvement of E7(44-62) combined with poly(I:C) in potentiating antitumor cytotoxicity and cytokine-producing activities in human NK92 cells and DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang YK, Zheng Z, Cheng CX, Wang LY, Li YR, Qiu F. The antitumor effect of the toll-like receptor 3 ligand polyinosinic-cytidylic acid as an adjuvant. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:237-44. [PMID: 22868899 PMCID: PMC11028857 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) has been applied in tumor immunity as a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand, the interaction between poly(I:C) and TLR3 is still unclear, as are the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effect of poly(I:C). Our aim was to investigate the interaction between poly(I:C) and TLR3, as well as the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effect of poly(I:C). NK92 cells were maintained in medium (untreated group), or medium containing E7(44-62) (E7 group) or E7(44-62)+poly(I:C) (poly(I:C)/E7 group), and we measured the expression of TLR3 mRNA, p-p65, and IκB-α protein. The cells were first incubated in medium alone or medium containing TLR3 monoclonal antibody, and then in medium containing poly(I:C)/E7. Finally, we measured the level of interferon-beta (INF-β) in the supernatant and determined the tumor cell-killing effect of the NK92 cells. At 1 h, the expression of TLR3 mRNA in the poly(I:C)/E7 group was markedly higher than that in the untreated and E7 groups (P < 0.05). When compared with the poly(I:C)/E7 group, the expression of IκB-α was dramatically increased in the E7 and untreated groups, and the expression of p-p65 was dramatically decreased in the E7 and untreated groups (all P < 0.05). At 24 h, INF-β content and tumor cell-killing activity in the poly(I:C)/E7 group were markedly higher than those in the untreated group (P < 0.001, <0.05, respectively). Treatment with TLR3 monoclonal antibody significantly inhibited poly(I:C)/E7-induced INF-β secretion and tumor cell-killing activity in NK92 cells (P < 0.001, <0.05, respectively). The interaction between poly(I:C) and TLR3 plays an important role in the antitumor immunity of NK92 cells. In addition, the interaction between poly(I:C) and TLR3 increases INF-β expression, which may be attributed to the activation of NFκB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 Hunan Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xia Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Ying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Ran Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan Province People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lan T, Wang D, Bhagat L, Philbin VJ, Yu D, Tang JX, Putta MR, Sullivan T, La Monica N, Kandimalla ER, Agrawal S. Design of synthetic oligoribonucleotide-based agonists of Toll-like receptor 3 and their immune response profiles in vitro and in vivo. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1049-58. [PMID: 23292214 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26946e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA of viral origin and enzymatically synthesized poly I:C act as agonists of TLR3 and induce immune responses. We have designed and synthesized double-stranded synthetic oligoribonucleotides (dsORNs) which act as agonists of TLR3. Each strand of dsORN contains two distinct segments, namely an alignment segment composed of a heteronucleotide sequence and an oligo inosine (I) or an oligo cytidine (C) segment. We report here the results of studies of dsORNs containing varying lengths and compositions of alignment and oligo I/oligo C segments. dsORNs of 50-mer length with a 15-mer alignment segment and a 35-mer oligo I/oligo C segment form stable duplexes under physiological conditions and induce TLR3-mediated immune responses. dsORNs activated the IRF3 signaling pathway in J774 cells, induced production of cytokines, including IFN-β, IFN-α, IP-10, IL-12 and IL-6, in murine and human cell-based assays and also induced multiple cytokines following systemic administration in mice and non-human primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lan
- Idera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 167 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
BiVax: a peptide/poly-IC subunit vaccine that mimics an acute infection elicits vast and effective anti-tumor CD8 T-cell responses. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 62:787-99. [PMID: 23266830 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of cancer are an attractive alternative to some of the conventional therapies that are currently used. More importantly, vaccines could be very useful to prevent recurrences when applied after primary therapy. Unfortunately, most therapeutic vaccines for cancer have performed poorly due to the low level of immune responses that they induce. Previous work done in our laboratory in cancer mouse models demonstrated that vaccines consisting of synthetic peptides representing minimal CD8 T-cell epitopes administered i.v. mixed with poly-IC and anti-CD40 antibodies (TriVax) were capable of inducing massive T cell responses similar to those found during acute infections. We now report that some peptides are capable of inducing similarly large T cell responses after vaccination with poly-IC alone (BiVax). The results show that amphiphilic peptides are more likely to function as strong immunogens in BiVax and that systemic immunizations (i.v. or i.m.) were more effective than local (s.c.) vaccine administration. The immune responses induced by BiVax were found to be effective against established tumors in two mouse cancer models. The roles of various immune-related pathways such as type-I IFN, CD40 costimulation, CD4 T cells, TLRs and the MDA5 RNA helicase were examined. The present findings could facilitate the development of simple and effective subunit vaccines for diseases where CD8 T cells provide a therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen S, Ou R, Tang J, Deng X, Wu Y, van Velkinburgh JC, Ni B, Xu Y. Enhanced anti-tumor effects of HPV16E7(49-57)-based vaccine by combined immunization with poly(I:C) and oxygen-regulated protein 150. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 37:172-8. [PMID: 23127963 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that both heat shock protein (HSP) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) are capable of promoting the antigen-specific immune responses. In the current study, we assessed whether the anti-tumor effects of the HPV16E7(49-57)-based vaccine can be elevated by combined applications of poly(I:C) and oxygen-regulated protein 150 (ORP150) in a mouse cervical cancer model. METHODS Recombinant mouse ORP150 and HPV E7(49-57) peptide were combined to passively form the ORP150-E7(49-57) complex under heat shock conditions. The effects of ORP150-E7(49-57) complex plus poly(I:C) adjuvant on lymphocyte proliferation and functional cytotoxic T cells were investigated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), ELISPOT, and non-radioactive cytotoxicity assays. Finally, the complex's therapeutic anti-tumor effects with and without adjuvant therapy were observed in a tumor challenge experiment. RESULTS This combination vaccine approach significantly enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes and induced strong E7(49-57)-specific CTL responses. More importantly, the ORP150-E7(49-57) complex plus poly(I:C) vaccine format demonstrated more potent anti-tumor effects than ORP150-E7(49-57) complex alone or E7(49-57) plus poly(I:C) in TC-1 tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION Both poly(I:C) and ORP150 chaperone can synergistically enhance the anti-tumor effects of the HPV16E7(49-57)-based vaccine in vitro and in vivo. This strategy provides a platform for the design of a tumor therapeutic vaccine capable of inducing an effective anti-tumor immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shisheng Chen
- Department of Dermatovenereology, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Dermatovenereology, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lei J, Zhang G. Potential antitumor applications of a monoclonal antibody specifically targeting human papilloma virus 16 E7 49-57 peptide. Microbiol Immunol 2012; 56:456-62. [PMID: 22469208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Our study aims to evaluate whether the approach of TCRm mAb has therapeutic potential against HPV-induced tumors. In the present study, we generated a murine IgG2a mAb 6C10 specifically recognizing HPV-16-E7(49-57) epitope (RAHYNIVTF) in the polypeptides and in complex with a MHC class I molecule. Analysis of the primary structure shows that the 6C10 Ab displays a novel sequence in the CDR of the heavy chain, compared to the sequences in the Kabat database, which suggests the Ab has completed its affinity maturation. The 6C10 Ab can specifically recognize E7 and Trx-E7(30-67) protein in ELISA, and can also specifically bind to T2 cell carrying HPV-16-E7(49-57) peptide. In the TC-1 cell tumor-bearing mouse model, 6C10 exhibits tumor suppression activity when compared to the isotype control Ab. 6C10 Ab has showed tumor-inhibition potency in a mouse model and this Ab may have the prospect of cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Lei
- Department of Vaccine R&D, Shanghai Zerun Biotechnology, 1399 Zhangheng Road, Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maito FLDM, Souza APDD, Pereira L, Smithey M, Hinrichs D, Bouwer A, Bonorino C. Intratumoral TLR-4 Agonist Injection Is Critical for Modulation of Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor Rejection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/926817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment shelters a complex network of mechanisms that enables local Immunosuppression to support tumor growth. In this study we found that, B16F10 melanoma growth is inversely correlated with peritumoral infiltrate cell number and with cell numbers in draining lymph nodes. Tumor growth ensued even when a foreign antigen was expressed by B16F10 cells in the presence of naïve specific CD8+ T cells. Treatment with TLR agonists has shown to sometimes result in tumor regression, however, not always with long-lasting effects. We compared the relevance of different injection regimens of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tumor growth was arrested only by intratumoral LPS injection after the tumor was already established. This result was accompanied by a dramatic change in DC activation inside the tumor. Intratumoral LPS also enhanced antigen presentation and tumor-specific CD4+ T cell production of IFN-γ. Injection of LPS before tumor challenge or codelivery of tumor cells and LPS did not have any effect on tumor progression. Our results suggest that an efficient antitumor immune response leading to tumor regression can be achieved with proper TLR4 activation inside the tumor tissue, impacting the tumor microenvironment. These findings are relevant for the design of treatment for patients with malignant melanomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Luiz Dal Moro Maito
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6690, 2° Andar, 90680-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6690, 2° Andar, 90680-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pereira
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6690, 2° Andar, 90680-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Megan Smithey
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Hinrichs
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Archie Bouwer
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Faculdade de Biociências e Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga 6690, 2° Andar, 90680-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xiao G, Li X, Kumar A, Cui Z. Transcutaneous DNA immunization following waxing-based hair depilation elicits both humoral and cellular immune responses. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:212-7. [PMID: 22771558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that transcutaneous (TC) DNA immunization by applying plasmid DNA onto a mouse skin area wherein the hair follicles were induced into growth stage by plucking the hair using warm waxing induced strong and functional antigen-specific antibody responses. In the present study, using plasmids that encode β-galactosidase gene or ovalbumin (OVA) gene, we showed that this mode of TC DNA immunization not only induced specific antibody responses, but also induced antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. In fact, TC DNA immunization using a plasmid that encodes OVA gene prevented the growth of OVA-expressing B16-OVA tumor cells in the immunized mice. Moreover, we provided additional evidence supporting that hair follicles are essential for this mode of TC DNA immunization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiao
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adjuvants potentiate immune responses, reducing the amount and dosing frequency of antigen required for inducing protective immunity. Adjuvants are of special importance when considering subunit, epitope-based or more unusual vaccine formulations lacking significant innate immunogenicity. While numerous adjuvants are known, only a few are licensed for human use; principally alum, and squalene-based oil-in-water adjuvants. Alum, the most commonly used, is suboptimal. There are many varieties of adjuvant: proteins, oligonucleotides, drug-like small molecules and liposome-based delivery systems with intrinsic adjuvant activity being perhaps the most prominent. AREAS COVERED This article focuses on small molecules acting as adjuvants, with the author reviewing their current status while highlighting their potential for systematic discovery and rational optimisation. Known small molecule adjuvants (SMAs) can be synthetically complex natural products, small oligonucleotides or drug-like synthetic molecules. The author provides examples of each class, discussing adjuvant mechanisms relevant to SMAs, and exploring the high-throughput discovery of SMAs. EXPERT OPINION SMAs, particularly synthetic drug-like adjuvants, are amenable to the plethora of drug-discovery techniques able to optimise the properties of biologically active small molecules. These range from laborious synthetic modifications to modern, rational, effort-efficient computational approaches, such as QSAR and structure-based drug design. In principal, any property or characteristic can thus be designed in or out of compounds, allowing us to tailor SMAs to specific biological functions, such as targeting specific cells or pathways, in turn affording the power to tailor SMAs to better address different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Flower
- University of Aston, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an allosterically regulated enzyme with transamidating, deamidating and cell signaling activities. It is thought to catalyze sequence-specific deamidation of dietary gluten peptides in the small intestines of celiac disease patients. Because this modification has profound consequences for disease pathogenesis, there is considerable interest in the design of small molecule TG2 inhibitors. Although many classes of TG2 inhibitors have been reported, thus far an animal model for screening them to identify promising celiac drug candidates has remained elusive. Using intraperitoneal administration of the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I∶C)), we induced rapid TG2 activation in the mouse small intestine. Dose dependence was observed in the activation of TG2 as well as the associated villous atrophy, gross clinical response, and rise in serum concentration of the IL-15/IL-15R complex. TG2 activity was most pronounced in the upper small intestine. No evidence of TG2 activation was observed in the lung mucosa, nor were TLR7/8 ligands able to elicit an analogous response. Introduction of ERW1041E, a small molecule TG2 inhibitor, in this mouse model resulted in TG2 inhibition in the small intestine. TG2 inhibition had no effect on villous atrophy, suggesting that activation of this enzyme is a consequence, rather than a cause, of poly(I∶C) induced enteropathy. Consistent with this finding, administration of poly(I∶C) to TG2 knockout mice also induced villous atrophy. Our findings pave the way for pharmacological evaluation of small molecule TG2 inhibitors as drug candidates for celiac disease.
Collapse
|
29
|
Shukla NM, Mutz CA, Malladi SS, Warshakoon HJ, Balakrishna R, David SA. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 and -8 modulatory activities of dimeric imidazoquinolines. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1106-16. [PMID: 22239408 DOI: 10.1021/jm2010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize specific molecular patterns present in molecules that are broadly shared by pathogens but are structurally distinct from host molecules. The TLR7-agonistic imidazoquinolines are of interest as vaccine adjuvants given their ability to induce pronounced Th1-skewed humoral responses. Minor modifications on the imidazoquinoline scaffold result in TLR7-antagonistic compounds which may be of value in addressing innate immune activation-driven immune exhaustion observed in HIV. We describe the syntheses and evaluation of TLR7 and TLR8 modulatory activities of dimeric constructs of imidazoquinoline linked at the C2, C4, C8, and N(1)-aryl positions. Dimers linked at the C4, C8, and N(1)-aryl positions were agonistic at TLR7; only the N(1)-aryl dimer with a 12-carbon linker was dual TLR7/8 agonistic. Dimers linked at C2 position showed antagonistic activities at TLR7 and TLR8; the C2 dimer with a propylene spacer was maximally antagonistic at both TLR7 and TLR8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj M Shukla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Multidisciplinary Research Building, Room 320D, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence Kansas 66047, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Salvador A, Igartua M, Hernández RM, Pedraz JL. Combination of immune stimulating adjuvants with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres enhances the immune response of vaccines. Vaccine 2012; 30:589-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
A nonreplicating subunit vaccine protects mice against lethal Ebola virus challenge. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:20695-700. [PMID: 22143779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1117715108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola hemorrhagic fever is an acute and often deadly disease caused by Ebola virus (EBOV). The possible intentional use of this virus against human populations has led to design of vaccines that could be incorporated into a national stockpile for biological threat reduction. We have evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of an EBOV vaccine candidate in which the viral surface glycoprotein is biomanufactured as a fusion to a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope in glycoprotein, resulting in the production of Ebola immune complexes (EICs). Although antigen-antibody immune complexes are known to be efficiently processed and presented to immune effector cells, we found that codelivery of the EIC with Toll-like receptor agonists elicited a more robust antibody response in mice than did EIC alone. Among the compounds tested, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PIC, a Toll-like receptor 3 agonist) was highly effective as an adjuvant agent. After vaccinating mice with EIC plus PIC, 80% of the animals were protected against a lethal challenge with live EBOV (30,000 LD(50) of mouse adapted virus). Surviving animals showed a mixed Th1/Th2 response to the antigen, suggesting this may be important for protection. Survival after vaccination with EIC plus PIC was statistically equivalent to that achieved with an alternative viral vector vaccine candidate reported in the literature. Because nonreplicating subunit vaccines offer the possibility of formulation for cost-effective, long-term storage in biothreat reduction repositories, EIC is an attractive option for public health defense measures.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim CH, Park CD, Lee AY. Administration of poly(I:C) improved dermatophagoides farinae-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by the regulation of Th1/Th2 balance. Vaccine 2011; 30:2405-10. [PMID: 22119586 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a chronic and replapsing skin disease with Th2-dominant allergic inflammation. Poly(I:C) has been shown to have immunopotentiator properties, but its effect on AD has not been examined. In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of poly(I:C), using dermatophagoides farinae (Df)-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice, were investigated. The clinical scores were reduced significantly by the treatment with poly(I:C) at 25 and 50 μg/mouse. Histological analysis of the skin also revealed that treatment of poly(I:C) at 25 and 50 μg/mouse significantly reduced the inflammatory cellular infiltrate, including mast cells and eosinophils. Moreover, poly(I:C) increased the level of IFN-γ, a Th1 cytokine, whereas decreasing that of selective Th2 cytokine both in vivo and in vitro. The levels of serum IgE and Th2 chemokines such as eotaxin, TARC, in spleen cells were also reduced by poly(I:C). These results suggest that poly(I:C) inhibit the development of Df-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice through regulation of the Th1/Th2 balance. Therefore, our results indicate that poly(I:C) might be a useful immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of human AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hyun Kim
- Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Medical Science Research Center, Goyang 410-773, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lion E, Anguille S, Berneman ZN, Smits ELJM, Van Tendeloo VFI. Poly(I:C) enhances the susceptibility of leukemic cells to NK cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis by DC. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20952. [PMID: 21698118 PMCID: PMC3117863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
α Active specific immunotherapy aims at stimulating the host's immune system to recognize and eradicate malignant cells. The concomitant activation of dendritic cells (DC) and natural killer (NK) cells is an attractive modality for immune-based therapies. Inducing immunogenic cell death to facilitate tumor cell recognition and phagocytosis by neighbouring immune cells is of utmost importance for guiding the outcome of the immune response. We previously reported that acute myeloid leukemic (AML) cells in response to electroporation with the synthetic dsRNA analogue poly(I:C) exert improved immunogenicity, demonstrated by enhanced DC-activating and NK cell interferon-γ-inducing capacities. To further invigorate the potential of these immunogenic tumor cells, we explored their effect on the phagocytic and cytotoxic capacity of DC and NK cells, respectively. Using single-cell analysis, we assessed these functionalities in two- and three-party cocultures. Following poly(I:C) electroporation AML cells become highly susceptible to NK cell-mediated killing and phagocytosis by DC. Moreover, the enhanced killing and the improved uptake are strongly correlated. Interestingly, tumor cell killing, but not phagocytosis, is further enhanced in three-party cocultures provided that these tumor cells were upfront electroporated with poly(I:C). Altogether, poly(I:C)-electroporated AML cells potently activate DC and NK cell functions and stimulate NK-DC cross-talk in terms of tumor cell killing. These data strongly support the use of poly(I:C) as a cancer vaccine component, providing a way to overcome immune evasion by leukemic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lion
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
An overview on the field of micro- and nanotechnologies for synthetic Peptide-based vaccines. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2011; 2011:181646. [PMID: 21773041 PMCID: PMC3134826 DOI: 10.1155/2011/181646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of synthetic peptide-based vaccines has many advantages in comparison with vaccines based on live attenuated organisms, inactivated or killed organism, or toxins. Peptide-based vaccines cannot revert to a virulent form, allow a better conservation, and are produced more easily and safely. However, they generate a weaker immune response than other vaccines, and the inclusion of adjuvants and/or the use of vaccine delivery systems is almost always needed. Among vaccine delivery systems, micro- and nanoparticulated ones are attractive, because their particulate nature can increase cross-presentation of the peptide. In addition, they can be passively or actively targeted to antigen presenting cells. Furthermore, particulate adjuvants are able to directly activate innate immune system in vivo. Here, we summarize micro- and nanoparticulated vaccine delivery systems used in the field of synthetic peptide-based vaccines as well as strategies to increase their immunogenicity.
Collapse
|
35
|
Rodriguez BL, Yu Z, Chung WG, Weiss R, Cui Z. Replicase-based plasmid DNA shows anti-tumor activity. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:110. [PMID: 21443770 PMCID: PMC3073940 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) has multiple anti-tumor mechanisms. Over the past several decades, there have been numerous attempts to utilize synthetic dsRNA to control tumor growth in animal models and clinical trials. Recently, it became clear that intracellular dsRNA is more effective than extracellular dsRNA on promoting apoptosis and orchestrating adaptive immune responses. To overcome the difficulty in delivering a large dose of synthetic dsRNA into tumors, we propose to deliver a RNA replicase-based plasmid DNA, hypothesizing that the dsRNA generated by the replicase-based plasmid in tumor cells will inhibit tumor growth. Methods The anti-tumor activity of a plasmid (pSIN-β) that encodes the sindbis RNA replicase genes (nsp1-4) was evaluated in mice with model tumors (TC-1 lung cancer cells or B16 melanoma cells) and compared to a traditional pCMV-β plasmid. Results In cell culture, transfection of tumor cells with pSIN-β generated dsRNA. In mice with model tumors, pSIN-β more effectively delayed tumor growth than pCMV-β, and in some cases, eradicated the tumors. Conclusion RNA replicase-based plasmid may be exploited to generate intracellular dsRNA to control tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Leticia Rodriguez
- Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zeng Q, Peng S, Monie A, Yang M, Pang X, Hung CF, Wu TC. Control of cervicovaginal HPV-16 E7-expressing tumors by the combination of therapeutic HPV vaccination and vascular disrupting agents. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:809-19. [PMID: 21128743 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Antigen-specific immunotherapy and vascular disrupting agents, such as 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), have emerged as attractive approaches for the treatment of cancers. In the current study, we tested the combination of DMXAA treatment with therapeutic human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7 peptide-based vaccination for their ability to generate E7-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses, as well as their ability to control E7-expressing tumors in a subcutaneous and a cervicovaginal tumor model. We found that the combination of DMXAA treatment with E7 long peptide (amino acids 43-62) vaccination mixed with polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic generated significantly stronger E7-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses and antitumor effects compared with treatment with DMXAA alone or HPV peptide vaccination alone in the subcutaneous model. Additionally, we found that the DMXAA-mediated enhancement of E7-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses generated by the therapeutic HPV peptide-based vaccine was dependent on the timing of administration of DMXAA. Treatment with DMXAA in tumor-bearing mice was also shown to lead to increased dendritic cell maturation and increased production of inflammatory cytokines in the tumor. Furthermore, we observed that the combination of DMXAA with HPV-16 E7 peptide vaccination generated a significant enhancement in the antitumor effects in the cervicovaginal TC-1 tumor growth model, which closely resembles the tumor microenvironment of cervical cancer. Taken together, our data demonstrated that administration of the vascular disrupting agent, DMXAA, enhances therapeutic HPV vaccine-induced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and antitumor effects against E7-expressing tumors in two different locations. Our study has significant implications for future clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 200433
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Heterologous prime/boost immunization with p53-based vaccines combined with toll-like receptor stimulation enhances tumor regression. J Immunother 2010; 33:609-17. [PMID: 20551836 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e3181e032c6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The p53 gene product is overexpressed in approximately 50% of cancers, making it an ideal target for cancer immunotherapy. We previously demonstrated that a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine expressing human p53 (MVA-p53) was moderately active when given as a homologous prime/boost in a human p53 knock in (Hupki) mouse model. We needed to improve upon the inefficient homologous boosting approach, because development of neutralizing immunity to the vaccine viral vector backbone suppresses its immunogenicity. To enhance specificity, we examined the combination of 2 different vaccine vectors provided in sequence as a heterologous prime/boost. Hupki mice were evaluated as a human p53 tolerant model to explore the capacity of heterologous p53 immunization to reject human p53-expressing tumors. We employed attenuated recombinant Listeria monocytogenes expressing human p53 (LmddA-LLO-p53) in addition to MVA-p53. Heterologous p53 immunization resulted in a significant increase in p53-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells compared with homologous single vector p53 immunization. Heterologous p53 immunization induced protection against tumor growth but had only a modest effect on established tumors. To enhance the immune response we used synthetic double-strand RNA (polyinsosinic:polycytidylic acid) and unmethylated CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide to activate the innate immune system via Toll-like receptors. Treatment of established tumor-bearing Hupki mice with polyinsosinic:polycytidylic acid and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide in combination with heterologous p53 immunization resulted in enhanced tumor rejection relative to treatment with either agent alone. These results suggest that heterologous prime/boost immunization and Toll-like receptor stimulation increases the efficacy of a cancer vaccine, targeting a tolerized tumor antigen.
Collapse
|
39
|
Li X, Sloat BR, Yanasarn N, Cui Z. Relationship between the size of nanoparticles and their adjuvant activity: data from a study with an improved experimental design. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 78:107-16. [PMID: 21182941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in identifying the relationship between the size of nanoparticles and their adjuvant activity, but the results from recent studies remain controversial. To address the controversy, it was thought that one should pay attention to the nanoparticle formulations to make sure that the antigen-loaded nanoparticles to be compared are not only different in particle size, but more importantly, as identical to each other as possible in all other formulation properties. In the present study, using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen conjugated onto nanoparticles engineered from lecithin/glyceryl monostearate-in-water emulsions, we prepared OVA-nanoparticles of 230 nm and 708 nm. Before evaluating the immune responses induced by them in a mouse model, we made sure that: (i) the sizes of the two OVA-nanoparticles did not extensively overlap, (ii) the nanoparticles have similar zeta potentials and comparable antigen-loading, and (iii) the nanoparticles did not aggregate when suspended in simulated biological media. We then showed that when subcutaneously injected into mice, the 230 nm OVA-conjugated nanoparticles induced stronger OVA-specific antibody and cellular immune responses than the 708 nm OVA-nanoparticles. Future studies attempting to correlate the size of nanoparticles and their adjuvant activities need to consider formulation parameters to ensure that the particles are different only in size and are stable before and after injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Li
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Division, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nordly P, Rose F, Christensen D, Nielsen HM, Andersen P, Agger EM, Foged C. Immunity by formulation design: induction of high CD8+ T-cell responses by poly(I:C) incorporated into the CAF01 adjuvant via a double emulsion method. J Control Release 2010; 150:307-17. [PMID: 21111765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The combination of nucleic acid-based Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 or TLR9 agonists and cationic liposomes constitutes an effective vaccine adjuvant approach for eliciting CD8+ T-cell responses. However, complexing cationic liposomes and oppositely charged oligonucleotides generally results in highly unstable and heterogeneous formulations with limited clinical applicability. The aim of this study was to design, formulate, and carefully characterize a stable CD8-inducing adjuvant based on the TLR3 ligand polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] incorporated into a cationic adjuvant system (CAF01) composed of dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) and trehalose 6,6'-dibehenate (TDB). For this purpose, a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation method was investigated for complexation of high amounts of anionic poly(I:C) to gel-state DDA/TDB liposomes. Addition of a volatile, water-miscible co-solvent (ethanol) to the outer water phase enabled preparation of colloidally stable liposomes, presumably by reducing the poly(I:C)-enhanced rigidity of the lipid bilayer. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the formation of unilamellar as well as multilamellar liposomes, the latter suggesting that poly(I:C) is intercalated between the membrane bilayers in an onion-like structure. Finally, immunization of mice with the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and DDA/TDB/poly(I:C) liposomes induced a remarkably strong, antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell response, which was maintained for more than two months. Importantly, whereas injection of soluble poly(I:C) led to rapid production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in serum, administration of poly(I:C) in complex with the cationic DDA/TDB liposomes prevented this non-specific systemic pro-inflammatory response. These data emphasize the importance of improving the quality of the vaccine formulation to indeed overcome some of the major obstacles for using CD8-inducing agents such as poly(I:C) in future subunit vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Nordly
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jones SC, Brahmakshatriya V, Huston G, Dibble J, Swain SL. TLR-activated dendritic cells enhance the response of aged naive CD4 T cells via an IL-6-dependent mechanism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:6783-94. [PMID: 20980632 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The most effective immunological adjuvants contain microbial products, such as TLR agonists, which bind to conserved pathogen recognition receptors. These activate dendritic cells (DCs) to become highly effective APCs. We assessed whether TLR ligand-treated DCs can enhance the otherwise defective response of aged naive CD4 T cells. In vivo administration of CpG, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, and Pam(3)CSK(4) in combination with Ag resulted in the increased expression of costimulatory molecules and MHC class II by DCs, increased serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and RANTES, and increased cognate CD4 T cell responses in young and aged mice. We show that, in vitro, preactivation of DCs by TLR ligands makes them more efficient APCs for aged naive CD4 T cells. After T-DC interaction, there are enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6, and greater expansion of the aged T cells, resulting from increased proliferation and greater effector survival with increased levels of Bcl-2. TLR preactivation of both bone marrow-derived and ex vivo DCs improved responses. IL-6 produced by the activated DCs during cognate T cell interaction was necessary for enhanced aged CD4 T cell expansion and survival. These studies suggest that some age-associated immune defects may be overcome by targeted activation of APCs by TLR ligands.
Collapse
|
42
|
Bryostatin-I: a dendritic cell stimulator for chemokines induction and a promising adjuvant for a peptide based cancer vaccine. Cytokine 2010; 52:238-44. [PMID: 20869878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bryostatin-1 (Bryo-1), a PKC modulator, was previously shown to activate monocytes and lymphocytes to produce cytokines. In this report, we investigated the adjuvanticity of Bryo-1 both in vitro and in vivo. First, Bryo-1 was found to induce the release of CCL2 and CCL3 from mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) in a dose-dependent manner. As little as 0.1nM Bryo-I induced release of chemokines from BMDC and the maximal induction could be achieved at 5-10nM. Both PKC and ERK inhibitors attenuated the release of CCL2 and CCL3. Consistently, Western blot indicated that Bryo-I activated ERK in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Experiments with the NF-κB inhibitor, MG-132, demonstrated that NF-κB was involved in the induction of CCL2 but not CCL3. Because chemokines have been demonstrated to have profound effects on immune reactions by regulating the trafficking of DC and other lymphocytes into lymphoid organs, Bryo-I was tested as an adjuvant in an E7 peptide (MHC class I-restricted peptide epitope derived from human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E7 protein)-based cancer vaccine. Mice immunized by s.c. injection with Bryo-I/E7 had enlarged draining lymph nodes and showed an antigen specific T-cell response demonstrated by the release of IFN-γ from isolated splenocytes and in vivo CTL activity. Finally, immunization with Bryo-I/E7 totally prevented the E7-expressing TC-1 tumor growth in mice. In conclusion, for the first time, we demonstrated that Bryo-I induced chemokine release from dendritic cell and was an effective adjuvant for peptide cancer vaccine.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Therapeutic immunization leading to cancer regression remains a significant challenge. Successful immunization requires activation of adaptive immunity, including tumor specific CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells. Generally, the activation of T cells is compromised in patients with cancer because of immune suppression, loss of tumor antigen expression, and dysfunction of antigen-presenting cells. Antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) are key for the induction of adaptive antitumor immune responses. Recently, attention has focused on novel adjuvants that enhance dendritic cell function and their ability to prime T cells. Agonists that target toll-like receptors are being used clinically either alone or in combination with tumor antigens and showing initial success both in terms of enhancing immune responses and eliciting antitumor activity. This review summarizes the application of these adjuvants to treat cancer and the potential for boosting responses in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bhardwaj
- New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, Smilow Research Building, Room 1303, New York, NY 10016, Office: (212) 263-5814, Fax: (212) 263-6729,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Black M, Trent A, Tirrell M, Olive C. Advances in the design and delivery of peptide subunit vaccines with a focus on toll-like receptor agonists. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:157-73. [PMID: 20109027 DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Considerable success has been made with many peptide antigen formulations, and peptide-based vaccines are emerging as the next generation of prophylactic and remedial immunotherapy. However, finding an optimal platform balancing all of the requirements for an effective, specific and safe immune response remains a major challenge for many infectious and chronic diseases. This review outlines how peptide immunogenicity is influenced by the way in which peptides are presented to the immune system, underscoring the need for multifunctional delivery systems that couple antigen and adjuvant into a single construct. Particular attention is given to the ability of Toll-like receptor agonists to act as adjuvants. A survey of recent approaches to developing peptide antigen delivery systems is given, many of which incorporate Toll-like receptor agonists into the design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Black
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Conforti R, Ma Y, Morel Y, Paturel C, Terme M, Viaud S, Ryffel B, Ferrantini M, Uppaluri R, Schreiber R, Combadière C, Chaput N, André F, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Opposing effects of toll-like receptor (TLR3) signaling in tumors can be therapeutically uncoupled to optimize the anticancer efficacy of TLR3 ligands. Cancer Res 2010; 70:490-500. [PMID: 20068181 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer cells express Toll-like receptors (TLR) that offer possible therapeutic targets. Polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid [poly(A:U)] is an agonist of the Toll-like receptor TLR3 that displays anticancer properties. In this study, we illustrate how the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects of this agent can be uncoupled to therapeutic advantage. We took advantage of two TLR3-expressing tumor models that produced large amounts of CCL5 (a CCR5 ligand) and CXCL10 (a CXCR3 ligand) in response to type I IFN and poly(A:U), both in vitro and in vivo. Conventional chemotherapy or in vivo injection of poly(A:U), alone or in combination, failed to reduce tumor growth unless an immunochemotherapeutic regimen of vaccination against tumor antigens was included. CCL5 blockade improved the efficacy of immunochemotherapy, whereas CXCR3 blockade abolished its beneficial effects. These findings show how poly(A:U) can elicit production of a range of chemokines by tumor cells that reinforce immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive effects. Optimizing the anticancer effects of TLR3 agonists may require manipulating these chemokines or their receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Conforti
- Institut Gustave Roussy, U848, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The advent of technologies to express heterologous proteins in planta has led to the proposition that plants may be engineered to be safe, inexpensive vehicles for the production of vaccines and possibly even vectors for their delivery. The immunogenicity of a variety of antigens of relevance to vaccination expressed in different plants has been assessed. The purpose of this article is to examine the utility of plant-expression systems in vaccine development from an immunological perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Hooper
- Center for Neurovirology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107-6731, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Frleta D, Yu CI, Klechevsky E, Flamar AL, Zurawski G, Banchereau J, Palucka AK. Influenza virus and poly(I:C) inhibit MHC class I-restricted presentation of cell-associated antigens derived from infected dead cells captured by human dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:2766-76. [PMID: 19234171 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0801720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
During viral infection, dendritic cells (DCs) capture infected cells and present viral Ags to CD8(+) T cells. However, activated DCs might potentially present cell-associated Ags derived from captured dead cells. In this study, we find that human DCs that captured dead cells containing the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) produced cytokines and underwent maturation, but failed to elicit autologous CD8(+) T cell responses against Ags of dead cells. Accordingly, DCs that captured dead cells containing poly(I:C), or influenza virus, are unable to activate CD8(+) T cell clones specific to cell-associated Ags of captured dead cells. CD4(+) T cells are expanded with DCs that have captured poly(I:C)-containing dead cells, indicating the inhibition is specific for MHC class I-restricted cross-presentation. Furthermore, these DCs can expand naive allogeneic CD8(+) T cells. Finally, soluble or targeted Ag is presented when coloaded onto DCs that have captured poly(I:C)-containing dead cells, indicating the inhibition is specific for dead cell cargo that is accompanied by viral or poly(I:C) stimulus. Thus, DCs have a mechanism that prevents MHC class I-restricted cross-presentation of cell-associated Ag when they have captured dead infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Frleta
- Baylor-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Cooperative Center for Translational Research on Human Immunology and Biodefense, Dallas, Texas 75204, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Le UM, Kaurin DGL, Sloat BR, Yanasarn N, Cui Z. Localized irradiation of tumors prior to synthetic dsRNA therapy enhanced the resultant anti-tumor activity. Radiother Oncol 2009; 90:273-9. [PMID: 19013656 PMCID: PMC2741318 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite the potent tumoricidal activity of the synthetic dsRNA in culture, its in vivo anti-tumor activity has proven to be limited. We sought to devise and validate a new strategy to improve the in vivo anti-tumor activity by integrating localized irradiation into dsRNA therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a mouse lung cancer model and a mouse melanoma model in immuno-competent mice or athymic nude mice, we evaluated the combined anti-tumor activity using a synthetic dsRNA, polyinosine-cytosine (poly(I:C)). RESULTS Localized irradiation of tumors prior to the poly(I:C) therapy significantly delayed the tumor growth as compared to monotherapies using the radiation or poly(I:C) alone. The poly(I:C) enhanced the tumor response to radiation with a dose modification factor as large as 20. The combined effect was synergistic only in immuno-competent mice with highly immunogenic tumors. The anti-tumor activity of the combination therapy was significantly impaired when the type I interferons in the mice were neutralized. CONCLUSIONS This combination modality may represent a promising approach to exploit synthetic dsRNA in cancer therapy and to enhance tumor response to radiation. T cell-mediated immunity was likely responsible for the combined synergistic effect. Type I interferons contributed significantly to the combined anti-tumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uyen M. Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Darryl G. L. Kaurin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Brian R. Sloat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Nijaporn Yanasarn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jiang Q, Wei H, Tian Z. IFN-producing killer dendritic cells contribute to the inhibitory effect of poly I:C on the progression of murine melanoma. J Immunother 2008; 31:555-62. [PMID: 18528299 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e31817d8e75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidilic acid (poly I:C) has been widely used as a potent adjuvant in tumor immunotherapy. In the present study, it was demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of poly I:C could inhibit lung and liver metastasis of B16 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 mice in natural killer (NK) cells and interferon (IFN)-gamma dependent manner, leading to prolonged survival of the mice. B220 CD11c NK1.1 cells, recently defined as IFN-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) were markedly increased in the spleen, lung, and liver of poly I:C-treated tumor bearing mice, compared with the control group. IFN-gamma induction by poly I:C in this unique NK cell subset indicated its critical contribution in tumor suppression in this model. Meanwhile, results of in vitro culture assay showed that poly I:C synergized with B16 cells could significantly promote IKDCs expansion in lymphocytes from different organs along with IFN-gamma production. Moreover, these ex vivo expanded IKDCs also exerted cytolytic activities against B16 cells and YAC-1 cells as conventional NK cells did. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide new insights into the role of IFN-gamma and IKDCs in the antitumor effect of poly I:C, and will possibly be helpful to explain why poly I:C may work as an adjucant to improve the antitumor effects of innate cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Jiang
- Institute of Immunology, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Baz A, Buttigieg K, Zeng W, Rizkalla M, Jackson DC, Groves P, Kelso A. Branched and linear lipopeptide vaccines have different effects on primary CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation but induce similar tumor-protective memory CD8+ T-cell responses. Vaccine 2008; 26:2570-9. [PMID: 18420312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We compared murine T-cell responses to synthetic lipopeptide vaccines in which the TLR2 ligand Pam(2)Cys was attached to co-linear CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes of ovalbumin (OVA) in a linear or branched configuration. Mice received OVA-specific transgenic CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells followed by one injection of vaccine. Although the branched lipopeptide was more potent in activating OVA-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the primary response, both vaccines induced cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) that expressed perforin, granzyme A-C, and IFN-gamma mRNAs and conferred long-term protection of most mice against challenge with OVA-expressing tumor cells. OVA epitope display was reduced in tumors that developed in some mice, suggesting CD8+ T-cell dependent selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Baz
- Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|