1
|
Lucientes-Continente L, Márquez-Tirado B, Goicoechea de Jorge E. The Factor H protein family: The switchers of the complement alternative pathway. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:25-45. [PMID: 36382387 PMCID: PMC10099856 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The factor H (FH) protein family is emerging as a complex network of proteins controlling the fate of the complement alternative pathway (AP) and dictating susceptibility to a wide range of diseases including infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, and degenerative diseases and cancer. Composed, in man, of seven highly related proteins, FH, factor H-like 1, and 5 factor H-related proteins, some of the FH family proteins are devoted to down-regulating the AP, while others exert an opposite function by promoting AP activation. Recent findings have provided insights into the molecular mechanisms defining their biological roles and their pathogenicity, illustrating the relevance that the balance between the regulators and the activators within this protein family has in defining the outcome of complement activation on cell surfaces. In this review we will discuss the emerging roles of the factor H protein family, their impact in the complement cascade, and their involvement in the pathogenesis of complement-mediated diseases associated with the AP dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lucientes-Continente
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Márquez-Tirado
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Goicoechea de Jorge
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Senent Y, Tavira B, Pio R, Ajona D. The complement system as a regulator of tumor-promoting activities mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Lett 2022; 549:215900. [PMID: 36087681 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression relies on the interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), which also influences therapeutic responses. The complement system, an essential part of innate immunity, has been traditionally considered an effector arm against tumors. However, established tumors co-opt complement-mediated immune responses in the TME to support chronic inflammation, activate cancer-related signaling pathways and hamper antitumor immune responses. In this context, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a heterogeneous population of myeloid progenitors with immunosuppressive functions, are recognized as major mediators of tumor-associated complement activities. This review focuses on the impact of complement activation within the TME, with a special emphasis on MDSC functions and the involvement of the C5a/C5aR1 axis. We also discuss the translation of these findings into therapeutic advances based on complement inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Senent
- Cima-University of Navarra, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain; Cancer Center University of Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Cima-University of Navarra, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain; Cancer Center University of Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Cima-University of Navarra, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain; Cancer Center University of Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Cima-University of Navarra, Program in Solid Tumors, Pamplona, Spain; Cancer Center University of Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain; University of Navarra, School of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O’Brien RM, Cannon A, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J, Lynam-Lennon N. Complement in Tumourigenesis and the Response to Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061209. [PMID: 33802004 PMCID: PMC7998562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our knowledge of the complement system beyond innate immunity has progressed significantly. A modern understanding is that the complement system has a multifaceted role in malignancy, impacting carcinogenesis, the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype and response to therapies. The ability of local immune cells to produce and respond to complement components has provided valuable insights into their regulation, and the subsequent remodeling of the tumour microenvironment. These novel discoveries have advanced our understanding of the immunosuppressive mechanisms supporting tumour growth and uncovered potential therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current understanding of complement in cancer, outlining both direct and immune cell-mediated roles. The role of complement in response to therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy is also presented. While complement activities are largely context and cancer type-dependent, it is evident that promising therapeutic avenues have been identified, in particular in combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. O’Brien
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Aoife Cannon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
| | - John V. Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin and St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (R.M.O.); (A.C.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meszaros M, Horvath P, Kis A, Kunos L, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Lazar Z, Bikov A. Circulating levels of clusterin and complement factor H in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Biomark Med 2021; 15:323-330. [PMID: 33666516 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) activates the complement system; however, the levels of membrane attack complex (MAC) are unaltered suggesting regulatory mechanisms. Our aim was to investigate complement factor H (CFH) and clusterin, two important complement regulators in OSA. Materials & methods: We analyzed clusterin and CFH levels in plasma of 86 patients with OSA and 33 control subjects. Results: There was no difference in CFH levels between patients (1099.4/784.6-1570.5/μg/ml) and controls (1051.4/652.0-1615.1/μg/ml, p = 0.72). Clusterin levels were higher in patients with OSA (309.7/217.2-763.2/μg/ml vs 276.1/131.0-424.3/μg/ml, p = 0.048) with a trend for a positive correlation with disease severity (p = 0.073). Conclusion: Increase in clusterin levels may be protective in OSA by blocking the MAC formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Meszaros
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Horvath
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrian Kis
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Kunos
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam D Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Oncologic Imaging Diagnostic Center, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David L Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Oncologic Imaging Diagnostic Center, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Lazar
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Bikov
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramanjaneya M, Butler AE, Alkasem M, Bashir M, Jerobin J, Godwin A, Moin ASM, Ahmed L, Elrayess MA, Hunt SC, Atkin SL, Abou-Samra AB. Association of Complement-Related Proteins in Subjects With and Without Second Trimester Gestational Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:641361. [PMID: 33859618 PMCID: PMC8043150 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.641361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) development is related to underlying metabolic syndrome that is associated with elevated complement C3 and C4. Elevated C3 levels have been associated with preeclampsia and the development of macrosomia. METHODS This case-control study included 34 pregnant women with GDM and 16 non-diabetic (ND) women in their second trimester. Complement-related proteins were measured and correlated with demographic, biochemical, and pregnancy outcome data. RESULTS GDM women were older with a higher BMI (p<0.001); complement C3, C4 and Factor-H were significantly elevated (p=0.001, p=0.05, p=0.01, respectively). When adjusted for age and BMI, Complement C3 (p=0.04) and Factor-H (p=0.04) remained significant. Partial correlation showed significant correlation between C4 with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p<0.05) and 2nd term diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05); Factor-H and C-reactive protein (CRP; p<0.05). Pearson bivariate analysis revealed significant correlations between C3, C4, and Factor-H and CRP; p<0.05; C3 and gestational age at delivery (GA; p<0.05); C4 and ALT and second-trimester systolic blood pressure (STBP) (p=0.008 and p<0.05, respectively); Factor-H and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the elevation of C3 could be accounted for by age, BMI, GA and CRP, with CRP being the most important predictor (p=0.02). C4 elevation could be accounted for by ALT, CRP and STBP. CRP predicted Factor-H elevation. CONCLUSION The increased C3, C4 and Factor-H during the second trimester of pregnancy in GDM are not independently associated with GDM; inflammation and high BMI may be responsible for their elevation. The elevation of second trimester C3 in GDM is associated with earlier delivery and further work is needed to determine if this is predictive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Ramanjaneya
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Manjunath Ramanjaneya,
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Meis Alkasem
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Bashir
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Angela Godwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Qatar Rehabilitation Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Lina Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Steven C. Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Post Graduate Studies and Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thurman JM, Laskowski J, Nemenoff RA. Complement and Cancer-A Dysfunctional Relationship? Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9040061. [PMID: 33167384 PMCID: PMC7709115 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it was long believed that the complement system helps the body to identify and remove transformed cells, it is now clear that complement activation contributes to carcinogenesis and can also help tumors to escape immune-elimination. Complement is activated by several different mechanisms in various types of cancer, and complement activation fragments have multiple different downstream effects on cancer cells and throughout the tumor microenvironment. Thus, the role of complement activation in tumor biology may vary among different types of cancer and over time within a single tumor. In multiple different pre-clinical models, however, complement activation has been shown to recruit immunosuppressive myeloid cells into the tumor microenvironment. These cells, in turn, suppress anti-tumor T cell immunity, enabling the tumor to grow. Based on extensive pre-clinical work, therapeutic complement inhibitors hold great promise as a new class of immunotherapy. A greater understanding of the role of complement in tumor biology will improve our ability to identify those patients most likely to benefit from this treatment and to rationally combine complement inhibitors with other cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumar D, Romero Y, Schuck KN, Smalley H, Subedi B, Fleming SD. Drivers and regulators of humoral innate immune responses to infection and cancer. Mol Immunol 2020; 121:99-110. [PMID: 32199212 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complement cascade consists of cell bound and serum proteins acting together to protect the host from pathogens, remove cancerous cells and effectively links innate and adaptive immune responses. Despite its usefulness in microbial neutralization and clearance of cancerous cells, excessive complement activation causes an immune imbalance and tissue damage in the host. Hence, a series of complement regulatory proteins present at a higher concentration in blood plasma and on cell surfaces tightly regulate the cascade. The complement cascade can be initiated by B-1 B cell production of natural antibodies. Natural antibodies arise spontaneously without any known exogenous antigenic or microbial stimulus and protect against invading pathogens, clear apoptotic cells, provide tissue homeostasis, and modulate adaptive immune functions. Natural IgM antibodies recognize microbial and cancer antigens and serve as an activator of complement mediated lysis. This review will discuss advances in complement activation and regulation in bacterial and viral infections, and cancer. We will also explore the crosstalk of natural antibodies with bacterial populations and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yeni Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kaitlynn N Schuck
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Haley Smalley
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bibek Subedi
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Sherry D Fleming
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Olcina MM, Balanis NG, Kim RK, Aksoy BA, Kodysh J, Thompson MJ, Hammerbacher J, Graeber TG, Giaccia AJ. Mutations in an Innate Immunity Pathway Are Associated with Poor Overall Survival Outcomes and Hypoxic Signaling in Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3721-3732.e6. [PMID: 30590044 PMCID: PMC6405289 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement-mediated cytotoxicity may act as a selective pressure for tumor overexpression of complement regulators. We hypothesize that the same selective pressure could lead to complement alterations at the genetic level. We find that, when analyzed as a pathway, mutations in complement genes occur at a relatively high frequency and are associated with changes in overall survival across a number of cancer types. Analysis of pathways expressed in patients with complement mutations that are associated with poor overall survival reveals crosstalk between complement and hypoxia in colorectal cancer. The importance of this crosstalk is highlighted by two key findings: hypoxic signaling is increased in tumors harboring complement mutations, and hypoxic tumor cells are resistant to complement-mediated cytotoxicity due, in part, to hypoxia-induced expression of complement regulator CD55. The range of strategies employed by tumors to dysregulate the complement system testifies to the importance of this pathway in tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Olcina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Nikolas G Balanis
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan K Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - B Arman Aksoy
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julia Kodysh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael J Thompson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Hammerbacher
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roumenina LT, Daugan MV, Petitprez F, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. Context-dependent roles of complement in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:698-715. [PMID: 31666715 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) highly influences the growth and spread of tumours, thus impacting the patient's clinical outcome. In this context, the complement system plays a major and complex role. It may either act to kill antibody-coated tumour cells, support local chronic inflammation or hamper antitumour T cell responses favouring tumour progression. Recent studies demonstrate that these opposing effects are dependent upon the sites of complement activation, the composition of the TME and the tumour cell sensitivity to complement attack. In this Review, we present the evidence that has so far accrued showing a role for complement activation and its effects on cancer control and clinical outcome under different TME contexts. We also include a new analysis of the publicly available transcriptomic data to provide an overview of the prognostic value of complement gene expression in 30 cancer types. We argue that the interplay of complement components within each cancer type is unique, governed by the properties of the tumour cells and the TME. This concept is of critical importance for the design of efficient therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting complement components and their signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Marie V Daugan
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Wolf Herman Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ueda M, Sato Y, Horie A, Tani H, Miyazaki Y, Okunomiya A, Matsumoto H, Hamanishi J, Kondoh E, Mandai M. Endovascular trophoblast expresses CD59 to evade complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 490:57-67. [PMID: 30981734 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the human placenta, extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade maternal decidual tissues (interstitial trophoblasts) and maternal spiral arteries (endovascular trophoblasts). Although endovascular trophoblasts are directly exposed to maternal blood containing complement components, they are not eliminated by complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). In this study, we investigated the expression and possible function of CD59, one of the membrane-bound complement regulators, in EVTs. Immunohistochemistry of early embryo implantation sites revealed that CD59 was hardly expressed on interstitial trophoblasts, whereas it was intensely expressed on endovascular trophoblasts. Using the human EVT-like cell line Swan71, we established CD59-silencing Swan71 cells (Sw_CD59sh) and non-silencing control Swan71 cells (Sw_CTRsh). In vitro cell apoptosis assay showed that Sw_CD59sh cells were significantly more susceptible to CDC as compared to Sw_CTRsh. Our results suggest that CD59 confers some protection against maternal complement attack to the endovascular trophoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ueda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Sato
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Takamatsu, 760-0017, Japan.
| | - Akihito Horie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Tani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yumiko Miyazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Asuka Okunomiya
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hisanori Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, 540-0006, Japan
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Kondoh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ajona D, Ortiz-Espinosa S, Pio R, Lecanda F. Complement in Metastasis: A Comp in the Camp. Front Immunol 2019; 10:669. [PMID: 31001273 PMCID: PMC6457318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system represents a pillar of the innate immune response. This system, critical for host defense against pathogens, encompasses more than 50 soluble, and membrane-bound proteins. Emerging evidence underscores its clinical relevance in tumor progression and its role in metastasis, one of the hallmarks of cancer. The multistep process of metastasis entails the acquisition of advantageous functions required for the formation of secondary tumors. Thus, targeting components of the complement system could impact not only on tumor initiation but also on several crucial steps along tumor dissemination. This novel vulnerability could be concomitantly exploited with current strategies overcoming tumor-mediated immunosuppression to provide a substantial clinical benefit in the treatment of metastatic disease. In this review, we offer a tour d'horizon on recent advances in this area and their prospective potential for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ajona
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Okrój M, Potempa J. Complement Activation as a Helping Hand for Inflammophilic Pathogens and Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3125. [PMID: 30687327 PMCID: PMC6335266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system, an evolutionarily ancient component of innate immunity, is capable of protecting hosts from invading pathogens, either directly, by lysis of target cells, or indirectly, by mobilization of host immune mechanisms. However, this potentially cytotoxic cascade must be tightly regulated, since improperly controlled complement can damage healthy cells and tissues. The practical importance of this axis is highlighted when impairment of complement regulators or bacterial mechanisms of complement evasion result in pathogenic conditions. Recognition of complement as a "double-edged sword" is widely acknowledged, but another, currently underappreciated aspect of complement function has emerged as an important player in homeostatic balance-the dual outcome of complement-mediated inflammation. In most cases, the proinflammatory properties of complement are beneficial to the host. However, certain pathogens have developed the ability to utilize local inflammation as a source of nutrients and as a way to establish a niche for further colonization. Such a strategy can be illustrated in the example of periodontitis. Interestingly, certain tumors also seem to benefit from complement activation products, which promote a proangiogenic and immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Okrój
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, United States.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bareke H, Akbuga J. Complement system's role in cancer and its therapeutic potential in ovarian cancer. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12672. [PMID: 29734524 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a strong candidate for the long-awaited new edition to standard cancer therapies. For an effective immunotherapy, it is imperative to delineate the players of antitumour immune response. As an important innate immune system effector mechanism, complement is highly likely to play a substantial role in cancer immunity. Studies suggest that there may be two different "states of complement" that show opposing effects on cancer cells; a complement profile that has antitumour effects with low expression of membrane-bound complement regulator proteins (mCRPs), lytic membrane attack complex (MAC) concentration and moderate C5a concentration, and a complement profile that has protumour effects with high expression of mCRPs, sublytic MAC and high concentrations of C5a. One of the cancers that urgently require innovative therapeutic approaches is ovarian cancer, and complement has a potential to be a good target for this purpose. A combinatorial approach where the complement cascade is fine-tuned by inhibiting some of its activities while promoting the others can prove to be a fruitful approach. Herein, we will briefly discuss the cancer-immune system interaction and then present a discussion of complement system's role in tumour immunity and its therapeutic potential for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Bareke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - J Akbuga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Olcina MM, Kim RK, Melemenidis S, Graves EE, Giaccia AJ. The tumour microenvironment links complement system dysregulation and hypoxic signalling. Br J Radiol 2018; 92:20180069. [PMID: 29544344 PMCID: PMC6435069 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an innate immune pathway typically thought of as part of the first line of defence against “non-self” species. In the context of cancer, complement has been described to have an active role in facilitating cancer-associated processes such as increased proliferation, angiogenesis and migration. Several cellular members of the tumour microenvironment express and/or produce complement proteins locally, including tumour cells. Dysregulation of the complement system has been reported in numerous tumours and increased expression of complement activation fragments in cancer patient specimens correlates with poor patient prognosis. Importantly, genetic or pharmacological targeting of complement has been shown to reduce tumour growth in several cancer preclinical models, suggesting that complement could be an attractive therapeutic target. Hypoxia (low oxygen) is frequently found in solid tumours and has a profound biological impact on cellular and non-cellular components of the tumour microenvironment. In this review, we focus on hypoxia since this is a prevailing feature of the tumour microenvironment that, like increased complement, is typically associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, interesting links between hypoxia and complement have been recently proposed but never collectively reviewed. Here, we explore how hypoxia alters regulation of complement proteins in different cellular components of the tumour microenvironment, as well as the downstream biological consequences of this regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Olcina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan K Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kulkarni HS, Liszewski MK, Brody SL, Atkinson JP. The complement system in the airway epithelium: An overlooked host defense mechanism and therapeutic target? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1582-1586.e1. [PMID: 29339260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Mo; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Mo
| | - M Kathryn Liszewski
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Mo
| | - Steven L Brody
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Mo
| | - John P Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Mo.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alfadda AA, Benabdelkamel H, Masood A, Jammah AA, Ekhzaimy AA. Differences in the Plasma Proteome of Patients with Hypothyroidism before and after Thyroid Hormone Replacement: A Proteomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010088. [PMID: 29301248 PMCID: PMC5796038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a potent stimulator of metabolism, playing a critical role in regulating energy expenditure and in key physiological mechanisms, such as growth and development. Although administration of thyroid hormone in the form of levo thyroxine (l-thyroxine) has been used to treat hypothyroidism for many years, the precise molecular basis of its physiological actions remains uncertain. Our objective was to define the changes in circulating protein levels that characterize alterations in thyroid hormone status. To do this, an integrated untargeted proteomic approach with network analysis was used. This study included 10 age-matched subjects with newly diagnosed overt hypothyroidism. Blood was collected from subjects at baseline and at intervals post-treatment with l-thyroxine until they reached to euthyroid levels. Plasma protein levels were compared by two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) pre- and post-treatment. Twenty differentially expressed protein spots were detected. Thirteen were identified, and were found to be unique protein sequences by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Ten proteins were more abundant in the hypothyroid vs. euthyroid state: complement C2, serotransferrin, complement C3, Ig κ chain C region, α-1-antichymotrypsin, complement C4-A, haptoglobin, fibrinogen α chain, apolipoprotein A-I, and Ig α-1 chain C region. Three proteins were decreased in abundance in the hypothyroid vs. euthyroid state: complement factor H, paraneoplastic antigen-like protein 6A, and α-2-macroglobulin. The differentially abundant proteins were investigated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to reveal their associations with known biological functions. Their connectivity map included interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) as central nodes and the pathway identified with the highest score was involved in neurological disease, psychological disorders, and cellular movement. The comparison of the plasma proteome between the hypothyroid vs euthyroid states revealed differences in the abundance of proteins involved in regulating the acute phase response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assim A Alfadda
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (38), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Afshan Masood
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anwar A Jammah
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (38), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aishah A Ekhzaimy
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (38), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Berraondo P, Minute L, Ajona D, Corrales L, Melero I, Pio R. Innate immune mediators in cancer: between defense and resistance. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:290-306. [PMID: 27782320 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and evasion of the antitumor effector immune response are two of the emerging hallmarks required for oncogenesis and cancer progression. The innate immune system not only plays a critical role in perpetuating these tumor-promoting hallmarks but also in developing antitumor adaptive immune responses. Thus, understanding the dual role of the innate system in cancer immunology is required for the design of combined immunotherapy strategies able to tackle established tumors. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the role of cell populations and soluble components of the innate immune system in cancer, with a focus on complement, the adapter molecule Stimulator of Interferon Genes, natural killer cells, myeloid cells, and B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Berraondo
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luna Minute
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Deparment of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Melero
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain. .,Program of Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain. .,Deparment of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- James N George
- From the Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, and the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (J.N.G., J.M.M., N.W.L.); and the Stead Family Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.M.N.)
| | - Jordan M Morton
- From the Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, and the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (J.N.G., J.M.M., N.W.L.); and the Stead Family Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.M.N.)
| | - Nathan W Liles
- From the Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, and the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (J.N.G., J.M.M., N.W.L.); and the Stead Family Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.M.N.)
| | - Carla M Nester
- From the Hematology-Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, and the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (J.N.G., J.M.M., N.W.L.); and the Stead Family Department of Pediatrics and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (C.M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kourtzelis I, Rafail S. The dual role of complement in cancer and its implication in anti-tumor therapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:265. [PMID: 27563652 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.06.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been linked to the initiation of carcinogenesis, as well as the advancement of established tumors. The polarization of the tumor inflammatory microenvironment can contribute to either the control, or the progression of the disease. The emerging participation of members of the complement cascade in several hallmarks of cancer, renders it a potential target for anti-tumor treatment. Moreover, the presence of complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) in most types of tumor cells is known to impede anti-tumor therapies. This review focuses on our current knowledge of complement's potential involvement in shaping the inflammatory tumor microenvironment and its role on the regulation of angiogenesis and hypoxia. Furthermore, we discuss approaches using complement-based therapies as an adjuvant in tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stavros Rafail
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Feng G, Li J, Zheng M, Yang Z, Liu Y, Zhang S, Ye L, Zhang W, Zhang X. Hepatitis B virus X protein up-regulates C4b-binding protein α through activating transcription factor Sp1 in protection of hepatoma cells from complement attack. Oncotarget 2016; 7:28013-26. [PMID: 27050367 PMCID: PMC5053706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays crucial roles in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously showed that HBx protected hepatoma cells from complement attack by activation of CD59. Moreover, in this study we found that HBx protected hepatoma cells from complement attack by activation of C4b-binding protein α (C4BPα), a potent inhibitor of complement system. We observed that HBx were positively correlated with those of C4BPα in clinical HCC tissues. Mechanistically, HBx activated the promoter core region of C4BPα, located at -1199/-803nt, through binding to transcription factor Sp1. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that HBx was able to bind to the promoter of C4BPα, which could be blocked by Sp1 silencing. Functionally, knockdown of C4BPα obviously increased the deposition of C5b-9, a complex of complement membrane attack, and remarkably abolished the HBx-induced resistance of hepatoma cells from complement attack in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we conclude that HBx up-regulates C4BPα through activating transcription factor Sp1 in protection of liver cancer cells from complement attack. Our finding provides new insights into the mechanism by which HBx enhances protection of hepatoma cells from complement attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Minying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Weiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Cancer Research, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stasiłojć G, Österborg A, Blom AM, Okrój M. New perspectives on complement mediated immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 45:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
22
|
Mamidi S, Höne S, Kirschfink M. The complement system in cancer: Ambivalence between tumour destruction and promotion. Immunobiology 2015; 222:45-54. [PMID: 26686908 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Constituting a part of the innate immune system, the complement system consists of over 50 proteins either acting as part of a 3-branch activation cascade, a well-differentiated regulatory system in fluid phase or on each tissue, or as receptors translating the activation signal to multiple cellular effector functions. Complement serves as first line of defence against infections from bacteria, viruses and parasites by orchestrating the immune response through opsonisation, recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection and direct cell lysis. Complement is generally recognised as a protective mechanism against the formation of tumours in humans, but is often limited by various resistance mechanisms interfering with its cytotoxic action, now considered as a great barrier of successful antibody-based immunotherapy. However, recent studies also indicate a pro-tumourigenic potential of complement in certain cancers and under certain conditions. In this review, we present recent findings on the possible dual role of complement in destroying cancer, especially if resistance mechanisms are blocked, but also under certain inflammatory conditions-promoting tumour development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Höne
- Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Okroj M, Holmquist E, Nilsson E, Anagnostaki L, Jirström K, Blom AM. Local expression of complement factor I in breast cancer cells correlates with poor survival and recurrence. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:467-78. [PMID: 25618258 PMCID: PMC11029147 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells often evade killing by the complement system by overexpressing membrane-bound complement inhibitors. However, production of soluble complement inhibitors in cells other than hepatocytes was rarely reported. We screened several breast cancer cell lines for expression of soluble complement inhibitor, complement factor I (FI). We also analyzed local production of FI in tissue microarrays with tumors from 130 breast cancer patients by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. We found expression of FI in breast adenocarcinoma cell line MDA-MB-468 and confirmed its functional activity. Expression of FI at mRNA and protein levels was also confirmed in tumor cells and tumor stroma, both in fibroblasts and infiltrating immune cells. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that high expression of FI protein in tumor cells was correlated with significantly shorter cancer-specific survival (HR 2.8; 95 % CI 1.0-7.5; p = 0.048) and recurrence-free survival (HR 3.4; 95 % CI 1.5-7.4; p = 0.002). High FI expression was positively correlated with tumor size (p < 0.001), and Nottingham histological grade (p = 0.015) and associated with estrogen and progesterone receptor status (p = 0.03 and p = 0.009, respectively). Our data show that FI is expressed in breast cancer and is associated with unfavorable clinical outcome.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Complement Factor I/genetics
- Complement Factor I/metabolism
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- In Situ Hybridization
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/genetics
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Rate
- Tissue Array Analysis
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Okroj
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilssons Street 53, Floor 4, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
- Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Region Skåne, Inga Maria Nilssons Street 53, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emelie Holmquist
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilssons Street 53, Floor 4, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elise Nilsson
- Section of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Lund University, Jan Waldenström Street 59, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lola Anagnostaki
- Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Pathology, Region Skåne, Jan Waldenström Street 59, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sölvegatan 25, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna M. Blom
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Inga Maria Nilssons Street 53, Floor 4, 20502 Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sweigard JH, Yanai R, Gaissert P, Saint-Geniez M, Kataoka K, Thanos A, Stahl GL, Lambris JD, Connor KM. The alternative complement pathway regulates pathological angiogenesis in the retina. FASEB J 2014; 28:3171-82. [PMID: 24668752 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-251041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A defining feature in proliferative retinopathies is the formation of pathological neovessels. In these diseases, the balance between neovessel formation and regression determines blindness, making the modulation of neovessel growth highly desirable. The role of the immune system in these retinopathies is of increasing interest, but it is not completely understood. We investigated the role of the alternative complement pathway during the formation and resolution of aberrant neovascularization. We used alternative complement pathway-deficient (Fb(-/-)) mice and age- and strain-matched control mice to assess neovessel development and regression in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model. In the control mice, we found increased transcription of Fb after OIR treatment. In the Fb(-/-) mice, we prepared retinal flatmounts and identified an increased number of neovessels, peaking at postnatal day 17 (P17; P=0.001). Subjecting human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to low oxygen, mimicking a characteristic of neovessels, decreased the expression of the complement inhibitor Cd55. Finally, using laser capture microdissection (LCM) to isolate the neovessels after OIR, we found decreased expression of Cd55 (P=0.005). Together, our data implicate the alternative complement pathway in facilitating neovessel clearance by down-regulating the complement inhibitor Cd55 specifically on neovessels, allowing for their targeted removal while leaving the established vasculature intact.-Sweigard, J. H., Yanai, R., Gaissert, P., Saint-Geniez, M., Kataoka, K., Thanos, A., Stahl, G. L., Lambris, J. D., Connor, K. M. The alternative complement pathway regulates pathological angiogenesis in the retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryoji Yanai
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, and
| | | | | | - Keiko Kataoka
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, and
| | | | - Gregory L Stahl
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kip M Connor
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, and
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pio R, Corrales L, Lambris JD. The role of complement in tumor growth. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 772:229-62. [PMID: 24272362 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5915-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complement is a central part of the immune system that has developed as a first defense against non-self cells. Neoplastic transformation is accompanied by an increased capacity of the malignant cells to activate complement. In fact, clinical data demonstrate complement activation in cancer patients. On the basis of the use of protective mechanisms by malignant cells, complement activation has traditionally been considered part of the body's immunosurveillance against cancer. Inhibitory mechanisms of complement activation allow cancer cells to escape from complement-mediated elimination and hamper the clinical efficacy of monoclonal antibody-based cancer immunotherapies. To overcome this limitation, many strategies have been developed with the goal of improving complement-mediated effector mechanisms. However, significant work in recent years has identified new and surprising roles for complement activation within the tumor microenvironment. Recent reports suggest that complement elements can promote tumor growth in the context of chronic inflammation. This chapter reviews the data describing the role of complement activation in cancer immunity, which offers insights that may aid the development of more effective therapeutic approaches to control cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Pio
- Oncology Division (CIMA), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (School of Science), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Okroj M, Österborg A, Blom AM. Effector mechanisms of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in B cell malignancies. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 39:632-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
27
|
Ajona D, Pajares MJ, Corrales L, Perez-Gracia JL, Agorreta J, Lozano MD, Torre W, Massion PP, de-Torres JP, Jantus-Lewintre E, Camps C, Zulueta JJ, Montuenga LM, Pio R. Investigation of complement activation product c4d as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:1385-93. [PMID: 23940286 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a medical need for diagnostic biomarkers in lung cancer. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of complement activation fragments. METHODS We assessed complement activation in four bronchial epithelial and seven lung cancer cell lines. C4d, a degradation product of complement activation, was determined in 90 primary lung tumors; bronchoalveolar lavage supernatants from patients with lung cancer (n = 50) and nonmalignant respiratory diseases (n = 22); and plasma samples from advanced (n = 50) and early lung cancer patients (n = 84) subjects with inflammatory lung diseases (n = 133), and asymptomatic individuals enrolled in a lung cancer computed tomography screening program (n = 190). Two-sided P values were calculated by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Lung cancer cells activated the classical complement pathway mediated by C1q binding that was inhibited by phosphomonoesters. Survival was decreased in patients with high C4d deposition in tumors (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18 to 7.91). C4d levels were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from lung cancer patients compared with patients with nonmalignant respiratory diseases (0.61 ± 0.87 vs 0.16 ± 0.11 µg/mL; P < .001). C4d levels in plasma samples from lung cancer patients at both advanced and early stages were also increased compared with control subjects (4.13 ± 2.02 vs 1.86 ± 0.95 µg/mL, P < 0.001; 3.18 ± 3.20 vs 1.13 ± 0.69 µg/mL, P < .001, respectively). C4d plasma levels were associated with shorter survival in patients at advanced (HR = 1.59; 95% CI = 0.97 to 2.60) and early stages (HR = 5.57; 95% CI = 1.60 to 19.39). Plasma C4d levels were reduced after surgical removal of lung tumors (P < .001) and were associated with increased lung cancer risk in asymptomatic individuals with (n = 32) or without lung cancer (n = 158) (odds ratio = 4.38; 95% CI = 1.61 to 11.93). CONCLUSIONS Complement fragment C4d may serve as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ajona
- Affiliations of authors: Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain (DA, MJP, LC, JA, LMM, RP); Department of Histology and Pathology (MJP, JA, LMM) and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (RP) School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology (JLP), Department of Pathology (MDL), Department of Thoracic Surgery (WT), Department of Pulmonary Medicine (JPdT, JJZ) Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Thoracic Program, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (PPM); Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (CC); Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain (CC); Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain (EJL)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pio R, Ajona D, Lambris JD. Complement inhibition in cancer therapy. Semin Immunol 2013; 25:54-64. [PMID: 23706991 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For decades, complement has been recognized as an effector arm of the immune system that contributes to the destruction of tumor cells. In fact, many therapeutic strategies have been proposed that are based on the intensification of complement-mediated responses against tumors. However, recent studies have challenged this paradigm by demonstrating a tumor-promoting role for complement. Cancer cells seem to be able to establish a convenient balance between complement activation and inhibition, taking advantage of complement initiation without suffering its deleterious effects. Complement activation may support chronic inflammation, promote an immunosuppressive microenvironment, induce angiogenesis, and activate cancer-related signaling pathways. In this context, inhibition of complement activation would be a therapeutic option for treating cancer. This concept is relatively new and deserves closer attention. In this article, we summarize the mechanisms of complement activation on cancer cells, the cancer-promoting effect of complement initiation, and the rationale behind the use of complement inhibition as a therapeutic strategy against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Pio
- Oncology Division, Center for Applied Medical Research-CIMA, Pamplona, Spain. rpio.@unav.es
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ferreira VP, Pangburn MK, Cortés C. Complement control protein factor H: the good, the bad, and the inadequate. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:2187-97. [PMID: 20580090 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is an essential component of the innate immune system that participates in elimination of pathogens and altered host cells and comprises an essential link between the innate and adaptive immune system. Soluble and membrane-bound complement regulators protect cells and tissues from unintended complement-mediated injury. Complement factor H is a soluble complement regulator essential for controlling the alternative pathway in blood and on cell surfaces. Normal recognition of self-cell markers (i.e. polyanions) and C3b/C3d fragments is necessary for factor H function. Inadequate recognition of host cell surfaces by factor H due to mutations and polymorphisms have been associated with complement-mediated tissue damage and disease. On the other hand, unwanted recognition of pathogens and altered self-cells (i.e. cancer) by factor H is used as an immune evasion strategy. This review will focus on the current knowledge related to these versatile recognition properties of factor H.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana P Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, United States.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gancz D, Fishelson Z. Cancer resistance to complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC): Problem-oriented research and development. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2794-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
31
|
Porta C, Larghi P, Rimoldi M, Totaro MG, Allavena P, Mantovani A, Sica A. Cellular and molecular pathways linking inflammation and cancer. Immunobiology 2009; 214:761-77. [PMID: 19616341 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several experimental and epidemiological evidence indicate that, irrespective of the trigger for the development (chronic infection/inflammation or genetic alteration), a "smouldering" inflammation is associated with the most of, if not all, tumours and supports their progression. Several evidence have highlighted that tumours promote a constant influx of myelomonocytic cells that express inflammatory mediators supporting pro-tumoral functions. Myelomonocytic cells are key orchestrators of cancer-related inflammation associated with proliferation and survival of malignant cells, subversion of adaptive immune response, angiogenesis, stroma remodelling and metastasis formation. Although the connection between inflammation and cancer is unequivocal the mechanistic basis of such association are largely unknown. Recent advances in the understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in cancer-related inflammation as well as their potential relevance as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets are herein discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porta
- DISCAFF, University of Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Novara, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|