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Montero-Calle A, Garranzo-Asensio M, Moreno-Casbas MT, Campuzano S, Barderas R. Autoantibodies in cancer: a systematic review of their clinical role in the most prevalent cancers. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1455602. [PMID: 39234247 PMCID: PMC11371560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1455602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Although blood autoantibodies were initially associated with autoimmune diseases, multiple evidence have been accumulated showing their presence in many types of cancer. This has opened their use in clinics, since cancer autoantibodies might be useful for early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of cancer patients. In this review, we discuss the different techniques available for their discovery and validation. Additionally, we discuss here in detail those autoantibody panels verified in at least two different reports that should be more likely to be specific of each of the four most incident cancers. We also report the recent developed kits for breast and lung cancer detection mostly based on autoantibodies and the identification of novel therapeutic targets because of the screening of the cancer humoral immune response. Finally, we discuss unsolved issues that still need to be addressed for the implementation of cancer autoantibodies in clinical routine for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and/or monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montero-Calle
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Teresa Moreno-Casbas
- Investén-isciii, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Wu S, Yin Y, Du L. The bidirectional relationship of depression and disturbances in B cell homeostasis: Double trouble. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110993. [PMID: 38490433 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurrent, persistent, and debilitating neuropsychiatric syndrome with an increasing morbidity and mortality, representing the leading cause of disability worldwide. The dysregulation of immune systems (including innate and adaptive immune systems) has been identified as one of the key contributing factors in the progression of MDD. As the main force of the humoral immunity, B cells have an essential role in the defense against infections, antitumor immunity and autoimmune diseases. Several recent studies have suggested an intriguing connection between disturbances in B cell homeostasis and the pathogenesis of MDD, however, the B-cell-dependent mechanism of MDD remains largely unexplored compared to other immune cells. In this review, we provide an overview of how B cell abnormality regulates the progression of MMD and the potential consequence of the disruption of B cell homeostasis in patients with MDD. Abnormalities of B-cell homeostasis not only promote susceptibility to MDD, but also lead to an increased risk of developing infection, malignancy and autoimmune diseases in patients with MDD. A better understanding of the contribution of B cells underlying MDD would provide opportunities for identification of more targeted treatment approaches and might provide an overall therapeutic benefit to improve the long-term outcomes of patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuye Yin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longfei Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Lisiecka U, Brodzki P, Śmiech A, Michalak K, Winiarczyk S, Żylińska B, Adaszek Ł. The diagnostic value of selected immune parameters in peripheral blood of dogs with malignant mammary tumours - a preliminary study. J Vet Res 2024; 68:271-278. [PMID: 38947156 PMCID: PMC11210351 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The main adaptive immune cells are T and B lymphocytes and they play key roles in the induction of immune responses against canine mammary tumours. Investigating these cell subpopulations may lead to more precise diagnosis of these malignancies. Material and Methods The percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and of CD21+ B cells in the peripheral blood of bitches with malignant mammary tumours were compared with those in the blood of healthy animals. The phenotypic features of peripheral blood leukocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results There was a significant difference in the mean percentages of CD3+ lymphocytes between healthy (66.7%) and metastatic dogs (46.1%), and between tumour-bearing non-metastatic (66.6%) and metastatic dogs. There was also a significant difference in CD4+ T helper cell percentages between healthy dogs (40.4%) and dogs with metastases (23.2%), and between the latter and dogs without them (35.5%). In the case of CD21+ lymphocyte subsets, a significant difference was noted between healthy animals (10.9%) and those with metastases (20.1%), and between the latter and patients without metastases (8.5%). There were also significant differences in CD3+/CD21+ ratios between the group with metastases (3.0), the healthy group (7.8), and the group without metastases (8.5). Similarly, a significant difference was noted in CD4+/CD8+ ratios between animals with metastases (1.4), bitches in the control group (2.2), and dogs without metastases (1.9). Conclusion Peripheral blood leukocyte phenotypic characteristics are putative novel biomarkers. These findings may be useful in future studies improving mammary tumour diagnostic procedures, especially in metastasis detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Lisiecka
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Brodzki
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Śmiech
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
| | - Stanisław Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Żylińska
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Adaszek
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950Lublin, Poland
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4
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Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Rezvani A, Zaboli E, Salari S, Masjedi MR, Bashash D. Lung cancer vaccination from concept to reality: A critical review of clinical trials and latest advances. Life Sci 2024; 346:122652. [PMID: 38641048 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly lethal malignancy that poses a significant burden on public health worldwide. There have been numerous therapeutic approaches, among which cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising approach to harnessing the patient's immune system to induce long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. The current study aims to provide an overview of cancer vaccination in the context of lung cancer to establish a clearer landscape for lung cancer treatment. To provide a comprehensive review, we not only gathered the published studies of lung cancer vaccination and discussed their effectiveness and safety profile but also analyzed all the relevant clinical trials registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov until March 2024. We demonstrated all utilized vaccine platforms along with having a glance at novel technologies such as mRNA vaccines. The present review discussed the challenges and shortcomings of lung cancer vaccination, as well as the way they could be managed to pave the way for reaching the most optimized vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zaboli
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sina Salari
- Department of Medical Oncology-Hematology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Masjedi
- Cancer Control Research Center, Cancer Control Foundation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Chauhan SK, Dunn C, Andresen NK, Røssevold AH, Skorstad G, Sike A, Gilje B, Raj SX, Huse K, Naume B, Kyte JA. Peripheral immune cells in metastatic breast cancer patients display a systemic immunosuppressed signature consistent with chronic inflammation. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:30. [PMID: 38653982 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint show some efficacy in metastatic breast cancer (mBC) but are often hindered by immunosuppressive mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for personalized treatments, with peripheral blood monitoring representing a practical alternative to repeated biopsies. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive mass cytometry analysis of peripheral blood immune cells in 104 patients with HER2 negative mBC and 20 healthy donors (HD). We found that mBC patients had significantly elevated monocyte levels and reduced levels of CD4+ T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, when compared to HD. Furthermore, mBC patients had more effector T cells and regulatory T cells, increased expression of immune checkpoints and other activation/exhaustion markers, and a shift to a Th2/Th17 phenotype. Furthermore, T-cell phenotypes identified by mass cytometry correlated with functionality as assessed by IFN-γ production. Additional analysis indicated that previous chemotherapy and CDK4/6 inhibition impacted the numbers and phenotype of immune cells. From 63 of the patients, fresh tumor samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Paired PBMC-tumor analysis showed moderate correlations between peripheral CD4+ T and NK cells with their counterparts in tumors. Further, a CD4+ T cell cluster in PBMCs, that co-expressed multiple checkpoint receptors, was negatively associated with CD4+ T cell tumor infiltration. In conclusion, the identified systemic immune signatures indicate an immune-suppressed environment in mBC patients who had progressed/relapsed on standard treatments, and is consistent with ongoing chronic inflammation. These activated immuno-suppressive mechanisms may be investigated as therapeutic targets, and for use as biomarkers of response or treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claire Dunn
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolai Kragøe Andresen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Hagen Røssevold
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gjertrud Skorstad
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam Sike
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Gilje
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Sunil Xavier Raj
- Department of Oncology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kanutte Huse
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Amund Kyte
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
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6
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Lan HR, Chen M, Yao SY, Chen JX, Jin KT. Novel immunotherapies for breast cancer: Focus on 2023 findings. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111549. [PMID: 38266449 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a revolutionary approach in cancer therapy, and recent advancements hold significant promise for breast cancer (BCa) management. Employing the patient's immune system to combat BCa has become a focal point in immunotherapeutic investigations. Strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell transfer (ACT), and targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) have disclosed encouraging clinical outcomes. ICIs, particularly programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 inhibitors, exhibit efficacy in specific BCa subtypes, including triple-negative BCa (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cancers. ACT approaches, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, showed promising clinical outcomes in enhancing tumor recognition and elimination. Targeting the TME through immune agonists and oncolytic viruses signifies a burgeoning field of research. While challenges persist in patient selection, resistance mechanisms, and combination therapy optimization, these novel immunotherapies hold transformative potential for BCa treatment. Continued research and clinical trials are imperative to refine and implement these innovative approaches, paving the way for improved outcomes and revolutionizing the management of BCa. This review provides a concise overview of the latest immunotherapies (2023 studies) in BCa, highlighting their potential and current status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Shi-Ya Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Jun-Xia Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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7
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Wijfjes Z, van Dalen FJ, Le Gall CM, Verdoes M. Controlling Antigen Fate in Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines by Targeting Dendritic Cell Receptors. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4826-4847. [PMID: 37721387 PMCID: PMC10548474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) orchestrate immune responses and are therefore of interest for the targeted delivery of therapeutic vaccines. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs that excel in presentation of exogenous antigens toward CD4+ T helper cells, as well as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. DCs are highly heterogeneous and can be divided into subpopulations that differ in abundance, function, and phenotype, such as differential expression of endocytic receptor molecules. It is firmly established that targeting antigens to DC receptors enhances the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines. While most studies emphasize the importance of targeting a specific DC subset, we argue that the differential intracellular routing downstream of the targeted receptors within the DC subset should also be considered. Here, we review the mouse and human receptors studied as target for therapeutic vaccines, focusing on antibody and ligand conjugates and how their targeting affects antigen presentation. We aim to delineate how targeting distinct receptors affects antigen presentation and vaccine efficacy, which will guide target selection for future therapeutic vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Wijfjes
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J. van Dalen
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Camille M. Le Gall
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Chemical
Immunology group, Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Satitsuksanoa P, Iwasaki S, Boersma J, Bel Imam M, Schneider SR, Chang I, van de Veen W, Akdis M. B cells: The many facets of B cells in allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:567-581. [PMID: 37247640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
B cells play a key role in our immune system through their ability to produce antibodies, suppress a proinflammatory state, and contribute to central immune tolerance. We aim to provide an in-depth knowledge of the molecular biology of B cells, including their origin, developmental process, types and subsets, and functions. In allergic diseases, B cells are well known to induce and maintain immune tolerance through the production of suppressor cytokines such as IL-10. Similarly, B cells protect against viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that caused the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Considering the unique and multifaceted functions of B cells, we hereby provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of B-cell biology and its clinical applications in allergic diseases, organ transplantation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland.
| | - Sayuri Iwasaki
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Boersma
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manal Bel Imam
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Schneider
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Iris Chang
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland; Sean N. Parker Centre for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland.
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9
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Wang L, Xiao Y, Luo Y, Master RP, Mo J, Kim MC, Liu Y, Patel UM, Li X, Shaffer D, Guertin KR, Moser E, Smalley KS, Zhou D, Zheng G, Zhang W. Unleashing the Power of NR4A1 Degradation as a Novel Strategy for Cancer Immunotherapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.09.552650. [PMID: 37609171 PMCID: PMC10441411 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.09.552650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
An effective cancer therapy requires both killing cancer cells and targeting tumor-promoting pathways or cell populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME). We purposely search for molecules that are critical for multiple tumor-promoting cell types and identified nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) as one such molecule. NR4A1 has been shown to promote the aggressiveness of cancer cells and maintain the immune suppressive TME. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we establish NR4A1 as a valid therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Importantly, we have developed the first-of-its kind proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC, named NR-V04) against NR4A1. NR-V04 effectively degrades NR4A1 within hours of treatment in vitro and sustains for at least 4 days in vivo, exhibiting long-lasting NR4A1-degradation in tumors and an excellent safety profile. NR-V04 leads to robust tumor inhibition and sometimes eradication of established melanoma tumors. At the mechanistic level, we have identified an unexpected novel mechanism via significant induction of tumor-infiltrating (TI) B cells as well as an inhibition of monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (m-MDSC), two clinically relevant immune cell populations in human melanomas. Overall, NR-V04-mediated NR4A1 degradation holds promise for enhancing anti-cancer immune responses and offers a new avenue for treating various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yuewan Luo
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Current: Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Rohan P Master
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Current: College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jiao Mo
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Current: R & D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Myung-Chul Kim
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, South Korea 63243
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Urvi M Patel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin R Guertin
- Sanofi Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 01890
| | - Emily Moser
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Keiran S Smalley
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Current: Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Current: College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Current: R & D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, South Korea 63243
- Sanofi Oncology, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 01890
- Sanofi Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 01890
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 12902
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Center of innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Center of innovative Drug Discovery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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10
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Chen M, Yang P, Xin Z, Chen J, Zou W, Zhou L, Yang L, Peng J, Peng H. Toxoplasma gondii gra5 deletion mutant protects hosts against Toxoplasma gondii infection and breast tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1173379. [PMID: 37426671 PMCID: PMC10327641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease that poses a threat to human health and a considerable loss to livestock farming. At present, clinical therapeutic drugs mainly target T. gondii tachyzoites and fail to eradicate bradyzoites. Developing a safe and effective vaccine against toxoplasmosis is urgent and important. Breast cancer has become a major public health problem and the therapeutic method needs to be further explored. Many similarities exist between the immune responses caused by T. gondii infection and the immunotherapy for cancers. T. gondii dense granule organelles secrete immunogenic dense granule proteins (GRAs). GRA5 is localized to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane in the tachyzoite stage and the cyst wall in the bradyzoite stage. We found that T. gondii ME49 gra5 knockout strain (ME49Δgra5) was avirulent and failed to form cysts but stimulated antibodies, inflammatory cytokines, and leukocytes infiltration in mice. We next investigated the protective efficacy of ME49Δgra5 vaccination against T. gondii infection and tumor development. All the immunized mice survived the challenge infection of either wild-type RH, ME49, VEG tachyzoites, or ME49 cysts. Moreover, ME49Δgra5 tachyzoite inoculation in situ attenuated the growth of murine breast tumor (4T1) in mice and prevented 4T1's lung metastasis. ME49Δgra5 inoculation upregulated the levels of Th1 cytokines and tumor-infiltrating T cells in the tumor microenvironment and triggered anti-tumor responses by increasing the number of natural killer, B, and T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the spleen. Collectively, these results suggested that ME49Δgra5 was a potent live attenuated vaccine against T. gondii infection and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongjuan Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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11
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Piersiala K, Hjalmarsson E, da Silva PFN, Lagebro V, Kolev A, Starkhammar M, Elliot A, Marklund L, Munck-Wikland E, Margolin G, Georén SK, Cardell LO. Regulatory B cells producing IL-10 are increased in human tumor draining lymph nodes. Int J Cancer 2023. [PMID: 37144812 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of different immune cell subsets, especially T cells, in anti-tumor immune response is well established. In contrast to T cells, the anti-tumor contribution of B cells has been scarcely investigated. B-cells are often overlooked, even though they are important players in a fully integrated immune response and constitute a substantial fraction of tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) known also as Sentinel Nodes. In this project, samples including TDLNs, non-TDLNs (nTDLNs) and metastatic lymph nodes from 21 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed by flow cytometry. TDLNs were characterized by a significantly higher proportion of B cells compared with nTDLNs (P = .0127). TDLNs-associated B cells contained high percentages of naïve B cells, in contrary to nTDLNs which contained significantly higher percentages of memory B cells. Patients having metastases in TDLNs showed a significantly higher presence of immunosuppressive B regulatory cells compared with metastasis-free patients (P = .0008). Elevated levels of regulatory B cells in TDLNs were associated with the advancement of the disease. B cells in TDLNs were characterized by significantly higher expression of an immunosuppressive cytokine-IL-10 compared with nTDLNs (P = .0077). Our data indicate that B cells in human TDLNs differ from B cells in nTDLNs and exhibit more naïve and immunosuppressive phenotypes. We identified a high accumulation of regulatory B cells within TDLNs which may be a potential obstacle in achieving response to novel cancer immunotherapies (ICIs) in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Piersiala
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Hjalmarsson
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Vilma Lagebro
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aeneas Kolev
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical unit Head Neck, Lung and skin Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Starkhammar
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Elliot
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical unit Head Neck, Lung and skin Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Marklund
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical unit Head Neck, Lung and skin Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Munck-Wikland
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical unit Head Neck, Lung and skin Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gregori Margolin
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medical unit Head Neck, Lung and skin Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kumlien Georén
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olaf Cardell
- Division of ENT Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Milardi G, Lleo A. Tumor-Infiltrating B Lymphocytes: Promising Immunotherapeutic Targets for Primary Liver Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2182. [PMID: 37046842 PMCID: PMC10093314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma are the fourth most lethal primary cancers worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need for therapeutic strategies, including immune cell targeting therapies. The heterogeneity of liver cancer is partially explained by the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where adaptive and innate immune system cells are the main components. Pioneering studies of primary liver cancers revealed that tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their dynamic interaction with cancer cells significantly impacted carcinogenesis, playing an important role in cancer immune evasion and responses to immunotherapy treatment. In particular, B cells may play a prominent role and have a controversial function in the TME. In this work, we highlight the effect of B lymphocytes as tumor infiltrates in relation to primary liver cancers and their potential prognostic value. We also present the key pathways underlying B-cell interactions within the TME, as well as the way that a comprehensive characterization of B-cell biology can be exploited to develop novel immune-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Milardi
- Hepatobiliary Immunopathology Labaratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Lleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
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13
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Jackson K, Samaddar S, Markiewicz MA, Bansal A. Vaccination-Based Immunoprevention of Colorectal Tumors: A Primer for the Clinician. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:246-252. [PMID: 36730670 PMCID: PMC9911105 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a significant public health problem worldwide. CRC screening programs have reduced the incidence rates of CRCs but still suffer from the problems of missed lesions and interval cancers. Chemopreventive strategies against CRC would benefit high-risk populations but trials testing synthetic and naturally occurring compounds have not yielded a front runner. Immune mechanisms promoting cancer have been modulated to develop immunotherapy for cancer treatment that has revolutionized cancer management, but could also be applied to cancer interception, that is, cancer immunoprevention. Cancer immunoprevention refers to approaches that can enhance the immune system, either directly or by removing natural breaks such as immune checkpoints, to survey and destroy tumor cells. In this primer, we aim to explain the concepts behind vaccine-based cancer immunoprevention. Multiple cancer vaccines have been tried in advanced cancer populations, but most have failed primarily because of an immunosuppressive environment that accompanies advanced cancers. Preventive vaccines in immunocompetent hosts may have a better clinical response compared with therapeutic vaccines in immunosuppressed hosts. The first randomized controlled trial testing the mucin1 vaccine against CRC in the prevention setting has been successfully completed. For the benefit of the clinician, we briefly discuss important concepts related to the workings of preventive vaccines. Prevention with vaccines is a highly attractive approach because of the potential for highly targeted therapy with minimal side effects that could theoretically provide lifelong protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Jackson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Health System
| | | | - Mary A. Markiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The University of Kansas Medical Center
| | - Ajay Bansal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS
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14
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Saudi A, Banday V, Zirakzadeh AA, Selinger M, Forsberg J, Holmbom M, Henriksson J, Waldén M, Alamdari F, Aljabery F, Winqvist O, Sherif A. Immune-Activated B Cells Are Dominant in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030920. [PMID: 36765877 PMCID: PMC9913271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells are multifaceted immune cells responding robustly during immune surveillance against tumor antigens by presentation to T cells and switched immunoglobulin production. However, B cells are unstudied in prostate cancer (PCa). We used flow cytometry to analyze B-cell subpopulations in peripheral blood and lymph nodes from intermediate-high risk PCa patients. B-cell subpopulations were related to clinicopathological factors. B-cell-receptor single-cell sequencing and VDJ analysis identified clonal B-cell expansion in blood and lymph nodes. Pathological staging was pT2 in 16%, pT3a in 48%, and pT3b in 36%. Lymph node metastases occurred in 5/25 patients (20%). Compared to healthy donors, the peripheral blood CD19+ B-cell compartment was significantly decreased in PCa patients and dominated by naïve B cells. The nodal B-cell compartment had significantly increased fractions of CD19+ B cells and switched memory B cells. Plasmablasts were observed in tumor-draining sentinel lymph nodes (SNs). VDJ analysis revealed clonal expansion in lymph nodes. Thus, activated B cells are increased in SNs from PCa patients. The increased fraction of switched memory cells and plasmablasts together with the presence of clonally expanded B cells indicate tumor-specific T-cell-dependent responses from B cells, supporting an important role for B cells in the protection against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aws Saudi
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Viqar Banday
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umea University, 901 85 Umea, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Umea University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Selinger
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, 6K and 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon Forsberg
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Holmbom
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Henriksson
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, 6K and 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mauritz Waldén
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Karlstad, 652 30 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Farhood Alamdari
- Department of Urology, Västmanland Hospital, 721 89 Västerås, Sweden
| | - Firas Aljabery
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ola Winqvist
- ABClabs, BioClinicum, Campus Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amir Sherif
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umea University, 901 85 Umea, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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15
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Davodabadi F, Sarhadi M, Arabpour J, Sargazi S, Rahdar A, Díez-Pascual AM. Breast cancer vaccines: New insights into immunomodulatory and nano-therapeutic approaches. J Control Release 2022; 349:844-875. [PMID: 35908621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is known to be a highly heterogeneous disease that is clinically subdivided into four primary molecular subtypes, each having distinct morphology and clinical implications. These subtypes are principally defined by hormone receptors and other proteins involved (or not involved) in BC development. BC therapeutic vaccines [including peptide-based vaccines, protein-based vaccines, nucleic acid-based vaccines (DNA/RNA vaccines), bacterial/viral-based vaccines, and different immune cell-based vaccines] have emerged as an appealing class of cancer immunotherapeutics when used alone or combined with other immunotherapies. Employing the immune system to eliminate BC cells is a novel therapeutic modality. The benefit of active immunotherapies is that they develop protection against neoplastic tissue and readjust the immune system to an anti-tumor monitoring state. Such immunovaccines have not yet shown effectiveness for BC treatment in clinical trials. In recent years, nanomedicines have opened new windows to increase the effectiveness of vaccinations to treat BC. In this context, some nanoplatforms have been designed to efficiently deliver molecular, cellular, or subcellular vaccines to BC cells, increasing the efficacy and persistence of anti-tumor immunity while minimizing undesirable side effects. Immunostimulatory nano-adjuvants, liposomal-based vaccines, polymeric vaccines, virus-like particles, lipid/calcium/phosphate nanoparticles, chitosan-derived nanostructures, porous silicon microparticles, and selenium nanoparticles are among the newly designed nanostructures that have been used to facilitate antigen internalization and presentation by antigen-presenting cells, increase antigen stability, enhance vaccine antigenicity and remedial effectivity, promote antigen escape from the endosome, improve cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, and produce humoral immune responses in BC cells. Here, we summarized the existing subtypes of BC and shed light on immunomodulatory and nano-therapeutic strategies for BC vaccination. Finally, we reviewed ongoing clinical trials on BC vaccination and highlighted near-term opportunities for moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Davodabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sarhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Javad Arabpour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran.
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran.
| | - Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Reddy R, Mintz J, Golan R, Firdaus F, Ponce R, Van Booven D, Manoharan A, Issa I, Blomberg BB, Arora H. Antibody Diversity in Cancer: Translational Implications and Beyond. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081165. [PMID: 35893814 PMCID: PMC9331493 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cancer tend to develop antibodies to autologous proteins. This phenomenon has been observed across multiple cancer types, including bladder, lung, colon, prostate, and melanoma. These antibodies potentially arise due to induced inflammation or an increase in self-antigens. Studies focusing on antibody diversity are particularly attractive for their diagnostic value considering antibodies are present at an early diseased stage, serum samples are relatively easy to obtain, and the prevalence of antibodies is high even when the target antigen is minimally expressed. Conversely, the surveillance of serum proteins in cancer patients is relatively challenging because they often show variability in expression and are less abundant. Moreover, an antibody’s presence is also useful as it suggests the relative immunogenicity of a given antigen. For these reasons, profiling antibodies’ responses is actively considered to detect the spread of antigens following immunotherapy. The current review focuses on expanding the knowledge of antibodies and their diversity, and the impact of antibody diversity on cancer regression and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Reddy
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.R.); (F.F.); (A.M.)
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Joel Mintz
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33328, USA;
| | - Roei Golan
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL 32304, USA;
| | - Fakiha Firdaus
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.R.); (F.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Roxana Ponce
- Department of Biology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Derek Van Booven
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33143, USA; (D.V.B.); (I.I.)
| | - Aysswarya Manoharan
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.R.); (F.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Isabelle Issa
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33143, USA; (D.V.B.); (I.I.)
| | - Bonnie B. Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Himanshu Arora
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.R.); (F.F.); (A.M.)
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33143, USA; (D.V.B.); (I.I.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Wu Y, Wen H, Bernstein ZJ, Hainline KM, Blakney TS, Congdon KL, Snyder DJ, Sampson JH, Sanchez-Perez L, Collier JH. Multiepitope supramolecular peptide nanofibers eliciting coordinated humoral and cellular antitumor immune responses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7833. [PMID: 35857833 PMCID: PMC9299545 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines inducing antibodies against tumor-specific antigens have yet to be clinically successful. Here, we use a supramolecular α-helical peptide nanofiber approach to design epitope-specific vaccines raising simultaneous B cell, CD8+ T cell, and CD4+ T cell responses against combinations of selected epitopes and show that the concurrent induction of these responses generates strong antitumor effects in mice, with significant improvements over antibody or CD8+ T cell-based vaccines alone, in both prophylactic and therapeutic subcutaneous melanoma models. Nanofiber vaccine-induced antibodies mediated in vitro tumoricidal antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). The addition of immune checkpoint and phagocytosis checkpoint blockade antibodies further improved the therapeutic effect of the nanofiber vaccines against murine melanoma. These findings highlight the potential clinical benefit of vaccine-induced antibody responses for tumor treatments, provided that they are accompanied by simultaneous CD8+ and CD4+ responses, and they illustrate a multiepitope cancer vaccine design approach using supramolecular nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hanning Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Kelly M. Hainline
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tykia S. Blakney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - David J. Snyder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John H. Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Joel H. Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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18
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Laumont CM, Banville AC, Gilardi M, Hollern DP, Nelson BH. Tumour-infiltrating B cells: immunological mechanisms, clinical impact and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:414-430. [PMID: 35393541 PMCID: PMC9678336 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy research to date has focused largely on T cells, there is mounting evidence that tumour-infiltrating B cells and plasma cells (collectively referred to as tumour-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs)) have a crucial, synergistic role in tumour control. In many cancers, TIL-Bs have demonstrated strong predictive and prognostic significance in the context of both standard treatments and immune checkpoint blockade, offering the prospect of new therapeutic opportunities that leverage their unique immunological properties. Drawing insights from autoimmunity, we review the molecular phenotypes, architectural contexts, antigen specificities, effector mechanisms and regulatory pathways relevant to TIL-Bs in human cancer. Although the field is young, the emerging picture is that TIL-Bs promote antitumour immunity through their unique mode of antigen presentation to T cells; their role in assembling and perpetuating immunologically 'hot' tumour microenvironments involving T cells, myeloid cells and natural killer cells; and their potential to combat immune editing and tumour heterogeneity through the easing of self-tolerance mechanisms. We end by discussing the most promising approaches to enhance TIL-B responses in concert with other immune cell subsets to extend the reach, potency and durability of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline M Laumont
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allyson C Banville
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mara Gilardi
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel P Hollern
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brad H Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
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19
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Wang Z, Cheng Z, Lu S, Chard Dunmall LS, Wang J, Guo Y, Wang Y. Characterization of the Intra-tumoral B Cell Immunoglobulin Repertoire Is of Prognostic Value for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896627. [PMID: 35812448 PMCID: PMC9257635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal Squamous Cell carcinomas (ESCC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy that is among the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. B cells play pivotal roles in the immune defense system and cancer progression and regression, yet the repertoire of tumor infiltrating B cells (TIBs) and its association with clinical outcome remains unexplored in ESCC. Here we collected bulk RNA-seq sequencing data from 119 ESCC tumors and matched adjacent normal samples to delineate the B cell repertoire. We found that ESCC is more heavily infiltrated by B cells and plasma cells compared to activated T cells. The immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) gene usage was remarkably biased and IGHV3-74 was under-represented in ESCC tumors. The TIBs showed a more oligoclonal profile along with widespread clonal expansion and IgG subclass switch events (CSRs). Survival analysis revealed several unexpected associations between tumor infiltrating B cells and prognosis. Higher levels of immunoglobulin expression (IGH), CD138 expression, IGH to MS4A1 ratio, CSR events and clone diversity are all associated with better survival. Notably, we found that the abundance of CD20-negative IgG2-producing plasma cells has a strong positive effect on overall survival with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.40 (log-rank p: 0.002). Combing molecular subtyping, the IgG2-producing plasma cells could stratify high-risk patients more accurately with a HR of 0.253 (log-rank p: 0.0006). The direct link between protective B cell populations and ESCC prognosis provides biomarkers for high-risk patient selection and holds great promise for developing strategies for immunotherapy targeting B cells in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Wang
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenguo Cheng
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Lu
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Louisa S. Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Biomarkers Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yongjun Guo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yaohe Wang, ; Yongjun Guo,
| | - Yaohe Wang
- National Center for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Biomarkers Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Yaohe Wang, ; Yongjun Guo,
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20
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Singh S, Roszik J, Saini N, Singh VK, Bavisi K, Wang Z, Vien LT, Yang Z, Kundu S, Davis RE, Bover L, Diab A, Neelapu SS, Overwijk WW, Rai K, Singh M. B Cells Are Required to Generate Optimal Anti-Melanoma Immunity in Response to Checkpoint Blockade. Front Immunol 2022; 13:794684. [PMID: 35720386 PMCID: PMC9204262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.794684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade therapies are known to enhance anti-melanoma CD8+ T cell immunity, but only a fraction of patients treated with these therapies achieve durable immune response and disease control. It may be that CD8+ T cells need help from other immune cells to generate effective and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity or that CD8+ T cells alone are insufficient for complete tumor regression and cure. Melanoma contains significant numbers of B cells; however, the role of B cells in anti-melanoma immunity is controversial. In this study, B16 melanoma mouse models were used to determine the role of B cells in anti-melanoma immunity. C57BL/6 mice, B cell knockout (KO) C57BL/6 mice, anti-CD19, and anti-CXCL13 antibody-treated C57BL/6 mice were used to determine treatment efficacy and generation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in response to PD-L1 blockade alone or combination with TLR-7/8 activation. Whole transcriptome analysis was performed on the tumors from B cell depleted and WT mice, untreated or treated with anti-PD-L1. Both CD40-positive and CD40-negative B cells were isolated from tumors of TLR-7/8 agonist-treated wild-type mice and adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing B cell KO mice, which were treated with anti-PD-L1 and TLR-7/8 agonist. Therapeutic efficacy was determined in the presence of activated or inactivated B cells. Microarray analysis was performed on TLR-7/8-treated tumors to look for the B cell signatures. We found B cells were required to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of monotherapy with anti-PD-L1 antibody and combination therapy with anti-PD-L1 antibody plus TLR-7/8 agonist. However, B cells were not essential for anti-CTLA-4 antibody activity. Interestingly, CD40-positive but not CD40-negative B cells contributed to anti-melanoma immunity. In addition, melanoma patients' TCGA data showed that the presence of B cell chemokine CXCL13 and B cells together with CD8+ T cells in tumors were strongly associated with improved overall survival. Our transcriptome data suggest that the absence of B cells enhances immune checkpoints expression in the tumors microenvironment. These results revealed the importance of B cells in the generation of effective anti-melanoma immunity in response to PD-1-PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy. Our findings may facilitate the design of more effective anti-melanoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Singh
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Neeraj Saini
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vipul Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Karishma Bavisi
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Long T Vien
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zixi Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas, Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Suprateek Kundu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard E Davis
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Laura Bover
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Adi Diab
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sattva S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Kunal Rai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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21
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Su H, Imai K, Jia W, Li Z, DiCioccio RA, Serody JS, Poe JC, Chen BJ, Doan PL, Sarantopoulos S. Alphavirus Replicon Particle Vaccine Breaks B Cell Tolerance and Rapidly Induces IgG to Murine Hematolymphoid Tumor Associated Antigens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865486. [PMID: 35686131 PMCID: PMC9171395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo immune responses to myeloid and other blood-borne tumors are notably limited and ineffective, making our ability to promote immune responses with vaccines a major challenge. While focus has been largely on cytotoxic cell-mediated tumor eradication, B-cells and the antibodies they produce also have roles in anti-tumor responses. Indeed, therapeutic antibody-mediated tumor cell killing is routinely employed in patients with hematolymphoid cancers, but whether endogenous antibody responses can be incited to blood-born tumors remains poorly studied. A major limitation of immunoglobulin therapies is that cell surface expression of tumor-associated antigen (TAA) targets is dynamic and varied, making promotion of polyclonal, endogenous B cell responses appealing. Since many TAAs are self-antigens, developing tumor vaccines that enable production of antibodies to non-polymorphic antigen targets remains a challenge. As B cell responses to RNA vaccines are known to occur, we employed the Viral Replicon Particles (VRP) which was constructed to encode mouse FLT3. The VRP-FLT3 vaccine provoked a rapid IgG B-cell response to this self-antigen in leukemia and lymphoma mouse models. In addition, IgGs to other TAAs were also produced. Our data suggest that vaccination with RNA viral particle vectors incites a loss of B-cell tolerance that enables production of anti-tumor antibodies. This proof of principle work provides impetus to employ such strategies that lead to a break in B-cell tolerance and enable production of broadly reactive anti-TAA antibodies as potential future therapeutic agents for patients with hematolymphoid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kazuhiro Imai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Basic Science Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rachel A DiCioccio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jonathan C Poe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Benny J Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Phuong L Doan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Duke University , Durham, NC, United States
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22
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Lauss M, Donia M, Svane IM, Jönsson G. B Cells and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: Friends or Foes in Cancer Immunotherapy? Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1751-1758. [PMID: 34965949 PMCID: PMC9306440 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells pose a challenge to the adaptive immune system, and its key cell types, T and B cells, have frequently been associated with an improved prognosis. The success of immune checkpoint blockade has confirmed the relevance of T cells. However, the role of B cells is increasingly recognized, and highlighted in this review. Recent data suggest that tumors contain a diverse set of B cells reflecting different developmental states and exerting functions such as antigen presentation, antibody production, and regulatory effects. Further, B cells are frequently located in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which are immune cell niches that sustain an immune response at sites of chronic inflammation. TLSs in tumors display substantial heterogeneity, ranging from cell aggregates to mature structures with an active germinal center. Recent studies have provided insights into initiation, cellular and spatial composition, and function of TLS in a variety of cancer types; however, several critical issues still need to be resolved. Currently, initial reports are discerning the role of TLSs in immunotherapy, with the majority of studies observing TLSs to confer favorable patient outcome. Finally, TLS induction in tumors is evaluated, with the therapeutic aim to reactivate the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lauss
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Cancer Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Cancer Center, Lund, Sweden
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23
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Louie DAP, Oo D, Leung G, Lin Y, Stephens M, Alrashed O, Tso M, Liao S. Tumor-Draining Lymph Node Reconstruction Promotes B Cell Activation During E0771 Mouse Breast Cancer Growth. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:825287. [PMID: 35418862 PMCID: PMC8995528 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.825287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients. Despite its significance in cancer progression, how immune cells in the tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) participate in cancer immune regulation remains poorly understood. It has been reported that both anti-tumor and exhausted tumor-specific T cells can be induced in the TDLNs; however, B cell activation and maturation in the TDLN has received far less attention. In our studies using C57BL/6 mouse syngeneic E0771 breast cancer or B16F10 melanoma cell lines, tumor-associated antigens were found colocalized with the follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in the germinal centers (GCs), where antigen-specific B cell maturation occurs. LN conduits and the subcapsular sinus (SCS) macrophages are two major routes of antigen trafficking to FDCs. Tumor growth induced LN conduit expansion in the B cell zone and disrupted the SCS macrophage layer, facilitating both the entry of tumor-associated antigens into the B cell zone and access to FDCs located in the GCs. Regional delivery of clodronate liposome specifically depleted SCS macrophages in the TDLN, increasing GC formation, and promoting tumor growth. Our study suggests that TDLN reconstruction creates a niche that favors B cell activation and maturation during tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Alexander Patrick Louie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Darellynn Oo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Glory Leung
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yujia Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Matthew Stephens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Omar Alrashed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marcus Tso
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shan Liao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, the Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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24
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Fridman WH, Meylan M, Petitprez F, Sun CM, Italiano A, Sautès-Fridman C. B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures as determinants of tumour immune contexture and clinical outcome. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:441-457. [PMID: 35365796 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
B cells are a major component of the tumour microenvironment, where they are predominantly associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). In germinal centres within mature TLS, B cell clones are selectively activated and amplified, and undergo antibody class switching and somatic hypermutation. Subsequently, these B cell clones differentiate into plasma cells that can produce IgG or IgA antibodies targeting tumour-associated antigens. In tumours without mature TLS, B cells are either scarce or differentiate into regulatory cells that produce immunosuppressive cytokines. Indeed, different tumours vary considerably in their TLS and B cell content. Notably, tumours with mature TLS, a high density of B cells and plasma cells, as well as the presence of antibodies to tumour-associated antigens are typically associated with favourable clinical outcomes and responses to immunotherapy compared with those lacking these characteristics. However, polyclonal B cell activation can also result in the formation of immune complexes that trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and neutrophils. In complement-rich tumours, IgG antibodies can also activate the complement cascade, resulting in the production of anaphylatoxins that sustain tumour-promoting inflammation and angiogenesis. Herein, we review the phenotypic heterogeneity of intratumoural B cells and the importance of TLS in their generation as well as the potential of B cells and TLS as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. We also discuss novel therapeutic approaches that are being explored with the aim of increasing mature TLS formation, B cell differentiation and anti-tumour antibody production within tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf H Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe inflammation, complément et cancer, Paris, France. .,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
| | - Maxime Meylan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe inflammation, complément et cancer, Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cheng-Ming Sun
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe inflammation, complément et cancer, Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Medicine, Institute Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, Equipe inflammation, complément et cancer, Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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25
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Delvecchio FR, Goulart MR, Fincham REA, Bombadieri M, Kocher HM. B cells in pancreatic cancer stroma. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1088-1101. [PMID: 35431504 PMCID: PMC8985484 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i11.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a disease with high unmet clinical need. Pancreatic cancer is also characterised by an intense fibrotic stroma, which harbours many immune cells. Studies in both human and animal models have demonstrated that the immune system plays a crucial role in modulating tumour onset and progression. In human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, high B-cell infiltration correlates with better patient survival. Hence, B cells have received recent interest in pancreatic cancer as potential therapeutic targets. However, the data on the role of B cells in murine models is unclear as it is dependent on the pancreatic cancer model used to study. Nevertheless, it appears that B cells do organise along with other immune cells such as a network of follicular dendritic cells (DCs), surrounded by T cells and DCs to form tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). TLS are increasingly recognised as sites for antigen presentation, T-cell activation, B-cell maturation and differentiation in plasma cells. In this review we dissect the role of B cells and provide directions for future studies to harness the role of B cells in treatment of human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Delvecchio
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle R Goulart
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michele Bombadieri
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
- Barts and the London HPB Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
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26
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Mohammadi A, Mashayekhi K, Navashenaq JG, Haftcheshmeh SM. Curcumin as a Natural Modulator of B Lymphocytes: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2361-2370. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220304122916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
B cells are the only player of humoral immune responses by the production of various types of antibodies. However, B cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated diseases. Moreover, different types of B cell lymphoma have also been characterized. Selective depletion of B cells by anti-CD20 and other B cell-depleting agents in the clinic can improve a wide range of immune-mediated diseases. B cells' capacity to act as cytokine-producing cells explains how they can control immune cells' activity and contribute to disease pathogenesis. Thus, researchers investigated a safe, low-cost, and effective treatment modality for targeting B cells. In this respect, curcumin, the biologically active ingredient of turmeric, has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Evidence showed that curcumin could affect various immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes. However, there are few pieces of evidence about the effects of curcumin on B cells. This study aims to review the available evidence about curcumin's modulatory effects on B cells' proliferation, differentiation, and function in different states. Apart from normal B cells, the modulatory effects of curcumin on B cell lymphoma will also discuss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadollah Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kazem Mashayekhi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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27
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Behravan N, Zahedipour F, Jaafari MR, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Lipid-based nanoparticulate delivery systems for HER2-positive breast cancer immunotherapy. Life Sci 2022; 291:120294. [PMID: 34998838 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticulate delivery platforms such as liposomes help overcome cell and tissue barriers and allow prolonged therapeutic plasma drug concentrations, simultaneous targeting of tumor tissue, and increased bioavailability of numerous drugs used for treatment of cancer. The human epidermal growth factor receptor, HER2, is an important player in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and is considered a potential cancer biomarker for the design of immunotherapeutics. HER2-positive breast cancer is found in up to 30% of breast cancer patients. Currently, a variety of lipid nanoparticulate systems are being evaluated in preclinical settings and in clinical trials for targeting HER2-positive breast cancer. Advances in functionalized anti-HER2 lipid nanoparticulates have demonstrated promise and may lead to the development of new nano-immunotherapy protocols against HER2 positive breast cancer. Here we present a review of the most up-to-date literature, including our own research, on the use of lipid nanoparticulate carriers in immunotherapy of HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Behravan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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28
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Tang F, Lu Z, Lei H, Lai Y, Lu Z, Li Z, Tang Z, Zhang J, He Z. DNA Methylation Data-Based Classification and Identification of Prognostic Signature of Children With Wilms Tumor. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:683242. [PMID: 35004665 PMCID: PMC8740190 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.683242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As an epigenetic alteration, DNA methylation plays an important role in early Wilms tumorigenesis and is possibly used as marker to improve the diagnosis and classification of tumor heterogeneity. Methods: Methylation data, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data, and corresponding clinical information were downloaded from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database. The prognostic values of DNA methylation subtypes in Wilms tumor were identified. Results: Four prognostic subtypes of Wilms tumor patients were identified by consensus cluster analysis performed on 312 independent prognostic CpG sites. Cluster one showed the best prognosis, whereas Cluster two represented the worst prognosis. Unique CpG sites identified in Cluster one that were not identified in other subtypes were assessed to construct a prognostic signature. The prognostic methylation risk score was closely related to prognosis, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.802. Furthermore, the risk score based on prognostic signature was identified as an independent prognostic factor for Wilms tumor in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Finally, the abundance of B cell infiltration was higher in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group, based on the methylation data. Conclusion: Collectively, we divided Wilms tumor cases into four prognostic subtypes, which could efficiently identify high-risk Wilms tumor patients. Prognostic methylation risk scores that were significantly associated with the adverse clinical outcomes were established, and this prognostic signature was able to predict the prognosis of Wilms tumor in children, which may be useful in guiding clinicians in therapeutic decision-making. Further independent studies are needed to validate and advance this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucai Tang
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zeguang Lu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqi Lei
- Department of Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Lai
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zechao Lu
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibiao Li
- The Third Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Tang
- The Third Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- The Sixth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui He
- Department of Urology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Lue JK, Downs-Canner S, Chaudhuri J. The role of B cells in the development, progression, and treatment of lymphomas and solid tumors. Adv Immunol 2022; 154:71-117. [PMID: 36038195 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
B cells are integral components of the mammalian immune response as they have the ability to generate antibodies against an almost infinite array of antigens. Over the past several decades, significant scientific progress has been made in understanding that this enormous B cell diversity contributes to pathogen clearance. However, our understanding of the humoral response to solid tumors and to tumor-specific antigens is unclear. In this review, we first discuss how B cells interact with other cells in the tumor microenvironment and influence the development and progression of various solid tumors. The ability of B lymphocytes to generate antibodies against a diverse repertoire of antigens and subsequently tailor the humoral immune response to specific pathogens relies on their ability to undergo genomic alterations during their development and differentiation. We will discuss key transforming events that lead to the development of B cell lymphomas. Overall, this review provides a foundation for innovative therapeutic interventions for both lymphoma and solid tumor malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Lue
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Stephanie Downs-Canner
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jayanta Chaudhuri
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
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30
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Stergiou N, Urschbach M, Gabba A, Schmitt E, Kunz H, Besenius P. The Development of Vaccines from Synthetic Tumor-Associated Mucin Glycopeptides and their Glycosylation-Dependent Immune Response. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3313-3331. [PMID: 34812564 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens are overexpressed as altered-self in most common epithelial cancers. Their glycosylation patterns differ from those of healthy cells, functioning as an ID for cancer cells. Scientists have been developing anti-cancer vaccines based on mucin glycopeptides, yet the interplay of delivery system, adjuvant and tumor associated MUC epitopes in the induced immune response is not well understood. The current state of the art suggests that the identity, abundancy and location of the glycans on the MUC backbone are all key parameters in the cellular and humoral response. This review shares lessons learned by us in over two decades of research in glycopeptide vaccines. By bridging synthetic chemistry and immunology, we discuss efforts in designing synthetic MUC1/4/16 vaccines and focus on the role of glycosylation patterns. We provide a brief introduction into the mechanisms of the immune system and aim to promote the development of cancer subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Stergiou
- Radionuclide Center, Radiology and Nuclear medicine Amsterdam UMC, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085c, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Moritz Urschbach
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adele Gabba
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Horst Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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31
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Shi Y. PLAN B for immunotherapy: Promoting and leveraging anti-tumor B cell immunity. J Control Release 2021; 339:156-163. [PMID: 34563591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current immuno-oncology primarily focuses on adaptive cellular immunity mediated by T lymphocytes. The other important lymphocytes, B cells, are largely ignored in cancer immunotherapy. B cells are generally considered to be responsible for humoral immune response to viral and bacterial infections. The role of B cells in cancer immunity has long been under debate. Recently, increasing evidence from both preclinical and clinical research has shown that B cells can also induce potent anti-cancer immunity, via humoral and cellular immune responses. Yet it is unclear how to efficiently integrate B cell immunity in cancer immunotherapy. In the current perspective, anti-tumor immunity of B cells is discussed regarding antibody production, antigen presentation, cytokine release and contribution to intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures. Afterwards, immunosuppressive regulatory phenotypes of B cells are summarized. Furthermore, strategies to activate and modulate B cells using nanomedicines and biomaterials are discussed. This article provides a unique perspective on "PLAN B" (promoting and leveraging anti-tumor B cell immunity) using nanomedicines and biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy. This is envisaged to form a new research direction with the potential to reach the next breakthrough in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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Gavrielatou N, Vathiotis I, Economopoulou P, Psyrri A. The Role of B Cells in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215383. [PMID: 34771546 PMCID: PMC8582491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Host immunity has established its role in deciding the course of cancer evolution. As cellular and molecular components in the tumor microenvironment peripherally appear to be at a constant interplay, favoring either tumor control or progression, it is vital to decrypt the immunity elements, which demonstrate the potential to be harnessed towards cancer elimination. Head and neck cancer has been characterized as densely immune infiltrated but at the same time a highly immunosuppressive malignancy due to a negative equilibrium between active and dysfunctional immune cell populations. B-cells constitute the cornerstone of humoral immunity; however, their role in cancer has been vastly overlooked in comparison to other immune subtypes and reports from multiple studies fail to show agreement on their prognostic impact. This review focuses on the role of B-cells on head and neck cancer with the aim to highlight their effect on anti-cancer immunity, as well as their possible impact on immunotherapy outcomes. Abstract Head and neck cancer comprises a heterogenous, highly immune infiltrated malignancy, defined by a predominantly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In recent years, PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the standard of care treatment, either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy agents, thus revolutionizing the therapeutic landscape of recurrent/metastatic disease. As a result, preclinical research is increasingly focusing on TME composition and pathophysiology, aiming to comprehensively characterize the specific elements and interactions affecting anti-tumor immunity, as well as to unveil novel predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy outcomes. While T lymphocytic populations have been vastly explored regarding their effect on cancer development, B-cells constitute a far less investigated, yet possibly equally important, aspect of cancer immunity. B-cell presence, either as single cells or as part of tertiary lymphoid structures within the TME, has been associated with several anti-tumor defense mechanisms, such as antigen presentation, antibody production and participation in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and has demonstrated prognostic significance for multiple types of malignancies. However, immunoregulatory B-cell phenotypes have also been identified both peripherally and within malignant tissue, bearing inhibitory effects on numerous immune response processes. Consequently, B-cells and their subsets demonstrate the potential to become valuable cancer biomarkers and acquire a leading role in future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Gavrielatou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (N.G.); (I.V.)
| | - Ioannis Vathiotis
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (N.G.); (I.V.)
| | - Panagiota Economopoulou
- Section of Medical Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Centromeric proteins are the foundation for assembling the kinetochore, a macromolecular complex that is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Anti-centromere antibodies (ACAs) are polyclonal autoantibodies targeting centromeric proteins (CENP-A, CENP-B, CENP-C), predominantly CENP-B, and are highly associated with rheumatologic disease (lcSSc/CREST syndrome). CENP-B autoantibodies have also been reported in cancer patients without symptoms of rheumatologic disease. The rise of oncoimmunotherapy stimulates inquiry into how and why anti-CENP-B autoantibodies are formed. In this review, we describe the clinical correlations between anti-CENP-B autoantibodies, rheumatologic disease, and cancer; the molecular features of CENP-B; possible explanations for autoantigenicity; and, finally, a possible mechanism for induction of autoantibody formation.
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Gleisner MA, Pereda C, Tittarelli A, Navarrete M, Fuentes C, Ávalos I, Tempio F, Araya JP, Becker MI, González FE, López MN, Salazar-Onfray F. A heat-shocked melanoma cell lysate vaccine enhances tumor infiltration by prototypic effector T cells inhibiting tumor growth. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000999. [PMID: 32690772 PMCID: PMC7373330 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blocker (ICB) therapy has shown survival benefits for some patients with cancer. Nevertheless, many individuals remain refractory or acquire resistance to treatment, motivating the exploration of complementary immunotherapies. Accordingly, cancer vaccines offer an attractive alternative. Optimal delivery of multiple tumor-associated antigens combined with potent adjuvants seems to be crucial for vaccine effectiveness. METHODS Here, a prototype for a generic melanoma vaccine, named TRIMELVax, was tested using B16F10 mouse melanoma model. This vaccine is made of heat shock-treated tumor cell lysates combined with the Concholepas concholepas hemocyanin as adjuvant. RESULTS While B16F10 lysate provides appropriate melanoma-associated antigens, both a generic human melanoma cell lysate and hemocyanin adjuvant contributes with danger signals promoting conventional dendritic type 1 cells (cDC1), activation, phagocytosis and effective antigen cross-presentation. TRIMELVax inhibited tumor growth and increased mice survival, inducing cellular and humoral immune responses. Furthermore, this vaccine generated an increased frequency of intratumor cDC1s but not conventional type 2 dendritic cells (cDC2s). Augmented infiltration of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was also observed, compared with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monotherapy, while TRIMELVax/anti-PD-1 combination generated higher tumor infiltration of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, TRIMELVax promoted an augmented proportion of PD-1lo CD8+ T cells in tumors, a phenotype associated with prototypic effector cells required for tumor growth control, preventing dysfunctional T-cell accumulation. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic vaccine TRIMELVax efficiently controls the weakly immunogenic and aggressive B16F10 melanoma tumor growth, prolonging tumor-bearing mice survival even in the absence of ICB. The strong immunogenicity shown by TRIMELVax encourages clinical studies in patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Gleisner
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Pereda
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Tittarelli
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariela Navarrete
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Fuentes
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Ávalos
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabian Tempio
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Araya
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Inés Becker
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Avenida Eduardo Castillo Velasco 2902, Santiago, Chile.,Biosonda Corporation, Avenida Eduardo Castillo Velasco 2902, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fermín Eduardo González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes Natalia López
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile .,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Salazar-Onfray
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile .,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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López-Cortés R, Gómez BB, Vázquez-Estévez S, Pérez-Fentes D, Núñez C. Blood-based protein biomarkers in bladder urothelial tumors. J Proteomics 2021; 247:104329. [PMID: 34298186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the fifth most common cancer with a high prevalence rate. It is classically classified in two groups, namely non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) and muscle invasive (MIBC). NMIBC accounts for 75% of cases and has a better prognosis than MIBC. However, 30-50% of the NMIBC patients will show recurrences throughout their lives, and about 10-20% of them will progress to MIBC, with frequent metastasis and a reduced survival rate. The diagnosis of bladder cancer is confirmed by direct visualization of the tumour and other mucosal abnormalities with endoscopic excision using cystoscopy and transurethral resection of the bladder (TURBT). An adequate TURBT requires complete resection of all visible tumour with appropriate sampling of the bladder to assess the depth of invasion. However, for many years, researchers have attempted to identify and utilise urinary markers for bladder cancer detection. Voided urine cytology has been the mainstay of urine-based diagnosis of bladder cancer since originally described by Papanicolau and Marshall. Nonetheless, urine cytology has several drawbacks, including a poor sensitivity for low-grade/stage tumours, a lack of interobserver consistency and a variable range of readings (e.g., atypical, atypical-suspicious, non-diagnostic). These shortcomings have inspired the search for more sensitive bladder cancer biomarkers. To bring precision medicine to genitourinary oncology, the analysis of the plasma/serum wide genome and proteome offers promising possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Cortés
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), ES27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Benito Blanco Gómez
- Urology Division, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), ES27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Sergio Vázquez-Estévez
- Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), ES27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Fentes
- Urology Division, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), ES15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), ES27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Sena P, Mancini S, Bertacchini J, Carnevale G, Pedroni M, Roncucci L. Autoimmunity Profiles as Prognostic Indicators in Patients with Colorectal Cancer versus Those with Cancer at Other Sites: A Prospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133239. [PMID: 34209517 PMCID: PMC8269181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The clinical utility of tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAABs) detected in patient sera with different types of cancer has not yet been established. Their possible use in early cancer detection, oncological follow-up, and patient prognosis is highly desirable. We developed a prospective study to investigate the role of TAABs in a five-year survival analysis in different types of cancer patients. Overall, overproduction of TAABs is associated with advanced oncological disease, the presence of metastasis, and poorer prognosis of cancer patients. There is evidence that more intensive follow-up programs provide different results for colorectal cancer than other cancers, because more intensive follow-up improves survival and is cost-effective in colorectal cancer. It is necessary to emphasize that there are many important aspects of follow-up in addition to detection of recurrence, and this must lead to proposals to change the way follow-up care is delivered. Abstract Colorectal cancer represents a paradigmatic model of inflammatory carcinogenesis accompanied by the production of several kinds of tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAABs). The specific aim of this study is to define the clinical impact of the presence of non-specific circulating TAABs in a cohort of cancer patients and to establish whether significant differences were present between colorectal cancer and cancers at other sites. For this aim a prospective study was developed and a five-year survival analysis performed. Indirect immunofluorescence on rat tissues for non-organ specific autoantibodies (NOSAs: liver-kidney-stomach), on rat colon substrates (colon-related autoantibodies, CAAs) and on HEp-2 cell lines was performed. NOSA positivity was more frequent in patients with colorectal cancer than in those with cancer at other sites. Survival analysis demonstrated a significantly worse prognosis in cancer patients positive for TAABs. CAA positivity is a predictor of survival, independently from the presence of comorbidities, and HEp-2 reactivity was a strong predictor of survival in a stepwise Cox-regression model, including stage at diagnosis. Overall overproduction of TAABs is associated with advanced oncological disease, the presence of metastasis, and poorer prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sena
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; (P.S.); (J.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefano Mancini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Santa Maria Bianca Hospital, AUSL Modena, Via A. Fogazzaro 6, 41037 Mirandola, Italy;
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; (P.S.); (J.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; (P.S.); (J.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Monica Pedroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Luca Roncucci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Hijacked Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment: Molecular Mechanisms of Immunosuppression and Cues to Improve T Cell-Based Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115736. [PMID: 34072260 PMCID: PMC8199456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been expanding in recent years in the context of interactions among different cell types, through direct cell–cell communication as well as through soluble factors. It has become evident that the development of a successful antitumor response depends on several TME factors. In this context, the number, type, and subsets of immune cells, as well as the functionality, memory, and exhaustion state of leukocytes are key factors of the TME. Both the presence and functionality of immune cells, in particular T cells, are regulated by cellular and soluble factors of the TME. In this regard, one fundamental reason for failure of antitumor responses is hijacked immune cells, which contribute to the immunosuppressive TME in multiple ways. Specifically, reactive oxygen species (ROS), metabolites, and anti-inflammatory cytokines have central roles in generating an immunosuppressive TME. In this review, we focused on recent developments in the immune cell constituents of the TME, and the micromilieu control of antitumor responses. Furthermore, we highlighted the current challenges of T cell-based immunotherapies and potential future strategies to consider for strengthening their effectiveness.
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Effects of Chemotherapy Agents on Circulating Leukocyte Populations: Potential Implications for the Success of CAR-T Cell Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092225. [PMID: 34066414 PMCID: PMC8124952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary CAR-T cell therapy is a new approach to cancer treatment that is based on manipulating a patient’s own T cells such that they become able to seek and destroy cancer cells in a highly specific manner. This approach is showing remarkable efficacy in treating some types of blood cancers but so far has been much less effective against solid cancers. Here, we review the diverse effects of chemotherapy agents on circulating leukocyte populations and find that, despite some negative effects over the short term, chemotherapy can favourably modulate the immune systems of cancer patients over the longer term. Since blood is the starting material for CAR-T cell production, we propose that these effects could significantly influence the success of manufacturing, and anti-cancer activity, of CAR-T cells. Thus, if timed correctly, chemotherapy-induced changes to circulating immune cells could allow CAR-T cells to unleash more effective anti-tumour responses. Abstract Adoptive T-cell therapy using autologous T cells genetically modified to express cancer-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has emerged as a novel approach for cancer treatment. CAR-T cell therapy has been approved in several major jurisdictions for treating refractory or relapsed cases of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. However, in solid cancer patients, several clinical studies of CAR-T cell therapy have demonstrated minimal therapeutic effects, thus encouraging interest in better integrating CAR-T cells with other treatments such as conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Increasing evidence shows that not only do chemotherapy drugs have tumoricidal effects, but also significantly modulate the immune system. Here, we discuss immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy drugs on circulating leukocyte populations, including their ability to enhance cytotoxic effects and preserve the frequency of CD8+ T cells and to deplete immunosuppressive populations including regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. By modulating the abundance and phenotype of leukocytes in the blood (the ‘raw material’ for CAR-T cell manufacturing), we propose that prior chemotherapy could facilitate production of the most effective CAR-T cell products. Further research is required to directly test this concept and identify strategies for the optimal integration of CAR-T cell therapies with cytotoxic chemotherapy for solid cancers.
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Cancer vaccines: An unkept promise? Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1347-1352. [PMID: 33601016 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two decades ago, cancer vaccines were hailed as a prominent breakthrough for the treatment of cancer. However, the vaccines failed to show any improvement in median survival time in various clinical trials, even though they stimulated the immune response and showed exceptional safety profiles. The resistance of cancer cells to the immune response was revealed as a significant hurdle. In this review, I discuss the different types of cancer vaccines and the strategies used to design them. I also highlight how cancer cells develop resistance to the immune response, and how therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small interfering (si)RNA/short hairpin (sh)RNA could be used to address some of the shortcomings of cancer vaccine treatments.
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Abstract
The opposing roles of innate and adaptive immune cells in suppressing or supporting cancer initiation, progression, metastasis and response to therapy has been long debated. The mechanisms by which different monocyte and T cell subtypes affect and modulate cancer have been extensively studied. However, the role of B cells and their subtypes have remained elusive, perhaps partially due to their heterogeneity and range of actions. B cells can produce a variety of cytokines and present tumor-derived antigens to T cells in combination with co-stimulatory or inhibitory ligands based on their phenotype. Unlike most T cells, B cells can be activated by innate immune stimuli, such as endotoxin. Furthermore, the isotype and specificity of the antibodies produced by plasma cells regulate distinct immune responses, including opsonization, antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement activation. B cells are shaped by the tumor environment (TME), with the capability to regulate the TME in return. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms of B cell action, including cytokine production, antigen presentation, ADCC, opsonization, complement activation and how they affect tumor development and response to immunotherapy. We will also discuss how B cell fate within the TME is affected by tumor stroma, microbiome and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shalapour
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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A novel cancer immunotherapy using tumor-infiltrating B cells in the APCmin/+ mouse model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245608. [PMID: 33465122 PMCID: PMC7815094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested a correlation of tumor infiltrating B cells (TiBcs) and a good prognosis of cancer diseases. In some cases, TiBcs appear to have experienced antigen stimulation since they have undergone class-switching and somatic hypermutation and formed tertiary lymphoid structures around tumors together with T cells. Assuming TiBcs include those that recognize some tumor antigens, we sought to investigate their possible usefulness for cell-mediated immunotherapies. To expand usually small number of TiBcs in vitro, we modified our B cell culture system: we transduced B cells with ERT2-Bach2 so that they grow unlimitedly provided with tamoxifen, IL-21 and our original feeder cells. Such cells differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies upon withdrawal of tamoxifen, and further by addition of a Bach2-inhibitor in vitro. As a preliminary experiment, thus expanded splenic B cells expressing a transgenic antigen receptor/antibody against hen egg lysozyme were intravenously injected into mice pre-implanted with B16 melanoma cells expressing membrane-bound HEL in the skin, which resulted in suppression of the growth of B16 tumors and prolonged survival of the recipient mice. To test the usefulness of TiBcs for the immunotherapy, we next used APCmin/+ mice as a model that spontaneously develop intestinal tumors. We cultured TiBcs separated from the tumors of APCmin/+ mice as above and confirmed that the antibodies they produce recognize the APCmin/+ tumor. Repeated injection of such TiBcs into adult APCmin/+ mice resulted in suppression of intestinal tumor growth and elongation of the survival of the recipient mice. Serum antibody from the TiBc-recipient mice selectively bound to an antigen expressed in the tumor of APCmin/+ mice. These data suggest a possibility of the novel individualized cancer immunotherapy, in which TiBcs from surgically excised tumor tissues are expanded and infused into the donor patients.
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Tarhoni I, Wakefield CJ, Kollipara R, Fidler MJ, Batus M, Bonomi P, Borgia JA. Relationship between circulating tumor-associated autoantibodies and clinical outcomes in advanced-stage NSCLC patients receiving PD-1/-L1 directed immune checkpoint inhibition. J Immunol Methods 2021; 490:112956. [PMID: 33434603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.112956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Durable tumor regressions are observed in a subset of advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving PD-1/-L1 targeted immune checkpoint inhibitors (or 'immunotherapy') alone or in combination with chemotherapy. However, the majority of advanced NSCLC patients receiving these agents do not experience long-term disease control. Existing methods to identify patients most likely to gain clinical benefit from PD-1/-L1 immunotherapy have limitations, creating a need for improved methods to guide treatment selection, particularly for those likely to benefit from single-agent immunotherapy. Here, we describe the development of a series of novel assays for tumor-associated autoantibodies as part of an exploratory study intended to determine if these biomarkers have potential prognostic value in this setting. METHOD A selection of recombinant tumor autoantigens previously characterized for their diagnostic utility were developed and preliminarily evaluated by this study. These include: Fumarate Dehydrogenase (FH), Hydroxysteroid 17-Beta Dehydrogenase 10 (HSD17B10), Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), New York Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma-1 (NY ESO-1), Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1 (PGAM1), and Vimentin. Custom Luminex immunobead assays were developed for these targets to quantitatively assess autoantibody levels in individual patient sera. Assays were erected as indirect immunoassays on MagPlex® Microspheres using standard carbodiimide/NHS-based chemistries, utilizing a biotin-conjugated secondary (i.e. anti-human IgG) antibody and R-phycoerythrin-conjugated streptavidin reporter system. Standard curves were created for quantitative purposes using commercially-available anti-antigen antibodies and permitted analytical performance characteristics to be calculated. These assays were used to preliminarily evaluate a series of pretreatment serum samples from stage IV NSCLC patients receiving anti PD-1/-L1 therapy after failure of at least one prior line of therapy (n = 40) and their classification efficiency calculated based on 12 months overall survival (OS) threshold. RESULTS Six assays were developed that each showed dynamic ranges of four orders of magnitude and provided more than 90% classification accuracy based on the observed clinical outcome data. Inter- and intra-assay precision was assessed within these standards and overall %CVs of ≤7% and ≤ 10%, respectively, were calculated. Generally, the baseline level of autoantibodies were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the ≥12 months survival group relative to the <12 months survival groups. Serum titers of FH, HSD170B, NY-ESO-1, and vimentin were significantly correlated with ≥12 month survival (p-value 0.0038, 0.0061, 0.0073, and 0.022, respectively). IMPDH2 and PGAM1 were found to have marginal significance (p-value 0.08 and 0.076, respectively). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates an efficient and promising means for assessing circulating autoantibody titers that could be useful in selecting advanced NSCLC patients for PD-1/-L1 directed immunotherapy. Further exploration and validation of this paradigm is warranted to further refine current treatment selection methods for this therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Tarhoni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America
| | - Connor J Wakefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America
| | - Revathi Kollipara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America
| | - Mary Jo Fidler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America
| | - Marta Batus
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America
| | - Philip Bonomi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A Borgia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 606012, United States of America.
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Gahoi N, Syed P, Choudhary S, Epari S, Moiyadi A, Varma SG, Gandhi MN, Srivastava S. A Protein Microarray-Based Investigation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Reveals Distinct Autoantibody Signature in Low and High-Grade Gliomas. Front Oncol 2020; 10:543947. [PMID: 33415070 PMCID: PMC7784397 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.543947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors arising from neural progenitor cells. Delayed diagnosis, invasive biopsy, and diagnostic challenges stems the need for specific, minimally-invasive, and early diagnostic biomarkers. Tumor-associated (TA) autoantibodies are measurable in the biofluids long before the onset of the symptoms, suggesting their role in early diagnosis and clinical management of the patients. In the current study, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) and the Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) that characterizes advanced disease were compared with healthy control samples to identify putative TA autoantibodies, using protein microarrays. The CSF samples from LGGs (n = 10), GBM (n = 7) were compared with the control CSF samples (n = 6). Proteins showing significant antigenic response were cross-verified. Proteins NOL4 (a cancer-testis antigen) and KALRN showed an antigenic response in the CSF of GBM patients, whereas, UTP4 and CCDC28A showed an antigenic response in low grade gliomas when compared with the control samples. TA autoantibodies identified in this study from the CSF of the patients could supplement current screening modalities. Further validation of these TA autoantibodies on a larger clinical cohort could provide cues towards relevance of these proteins in early diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gahoi
- Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Parvez Syed
- Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Inme Oy, Turku, Finland
| | - Saket Choudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sridhar Epari
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Aliasgar Moiyadi
- Neurosurgical Services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh G Varma
- Deptartment of Biochemistry, Grant Govt. Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India.,Department of Biochemistry, BJ Medical College and Sassoon Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Mayuri N Gandhi
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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44
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Zhang X, Liu M, Zhang X, Wang Y, Dai L. Autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens in lung cancer diagnosis. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 103:1-45. [PMID: 34229848 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although screening the high-risk population by low-dose CT (LDCT) has reduced mortality, the cost and high false positivity rate has prevented its general diagnostic use. As such, better and more specific minimally invasive biomarkers are needed in general and for early LC detection, specifically. Autoantibodies produced by humoral immune response to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) are emerging as a promising noninvasive biomarker for LC. Given the low sensitivity of any one single autoantibody, a panel approach could provide a more robust and promising strategy to detect early stage LC. In this review, we summarize the background of TAA autoantibodies (TAAb) and the techniques currently used for identifying TAA, as well as recent findings of LC specific antigens and TAAb. This review provides guidance toward the development of accurate and reliable TAAb as immunodiagnostic biomarkers in the early detection of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Man Liu
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences & Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences & Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences & Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences & Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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45
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Dos Santos JM, Joiakim A, Kaplan DJ, Putt DA, Perez Bakovic G, Servoss SL, Rybicki BA, Dombkowski AA, Kim H. Levels of plasma glycan-binding auto-IgG biomarkers improve the accuracy of prostate cancer diagnosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:13-22. [PMID: 32816187 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to improve the early diagnosis of prostate cancer will provide opportunities for earlier intervention. The blood-based prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay is widely used for prostate cancer diagnosis but specificity of the assay is not satisfactory. An algorithm based on serum levels of PSA combined with other serum biomarkers may significantly improve prostate cancer diagnosis. Plasma glycan-binding IgG/IgM studies suggested that glycan patterns differ between normal and tumor cells. We hypothesize that in prostate cancer glycoproteins or glycolipids are secreted from tumor tissues into the blood and induce auto-immunoglobulin (Ig) production. A 24-glycan microarray and a 5-glycan subarray were developed using plasma samples obtained from 35 prostate cancer patients and 54 healthy subjects to identify glycan-binding auto-IgGs. Neu5Acα2-8Neu5Acα2-8Neu5Acα (G81)-binding auto-IgG was higher in prostate cancer samples and, when levels of G81-binding auto-IgG and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15 or NAG-1) were combined with levels of PSA, the prediction rate of prostate cancer increased from 78.2% to 86.2% than with PSA levels alone. The G81 glycan-binding auto-IgG fraction was isolated from plasma samples using G81 glycan-affinity chromatography and identified by N-terminal sequencing of the 50 kDa heavy chain variable region of the IgG. G81 glycan-binding 25 kDa fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF1) fragment was also identified by N-terminal sequencing. Our results demonstrated that a multiplex diagnostic combining G81 glycan-binding auto-IgG, GDF-15/NAG-1 and PSA (≥ 2.1 ng PSA/ml for cancer) increased the specificity of prostate cancer diagnosis by 8%. The multiplex assessment could improve the early diagnosis of prostate cancer thereby allowing the prompt delivery of prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Matzenbacher Dos Santos
- Detroit R&D, Inc., 2727 Second Ave. Suite 4113, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Education, Health and Human Performance, Fairmont State University, Fairmont, WV, USA
| | - Aby Joiakim
- Detroit R&D, Inc., 2727 Second Ave. Suite 4113, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David J Kaplan
- Detroit R&D, Inc., 2727 Second Ave. Suite 4113, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David A Putt
- Detroit R&D, Inc., 2727 Second Ave. Suite 4113, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - German Perez Bakovic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Shannon L Servoss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Alan A Dombkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Detroit R&D, Inc., 2727 Second Ave. Suite 4113, Detroit, MI, USA.
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46
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Pagaza-Straffon C, Marchat LA, Herrera L, Díaz-Chávez J, Avante MG, Rodríguez YP, Arreola MC, López-Camarillo C. Evaluation of a panel of tumor-associated antigens in breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2020; 27:207-211. [PMID: 31839604 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate that serum from cancer patients contains auto-antibodies against oncoproteins so called tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), which represent promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. OBJECTIVES In this study we searched for breast cancer-associated auto-antibodies against individual TAAs. Also we evaluated if a panel of multiple TTAs would improve the detection of auto-antibodies. We screened CEA, CCBN1, c-Myc, p53, Ki-67, Nm23, PRDX6, eIF5A, PARK7, GLIO-1, Hsp27 and Hsp70 proteins, previously detected as up-regulated in breast tumors of Mexican patients. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed to detect auto-antibodies in sera from a cohort of 104 breast cancer patients and 50 sera from healthy individuals. RESULTS Our data showed that antibodies frequency to any individual TAA was low and ranged from 0.96% to 4.8%. However, the successive addition of multiple TAAs represented by panels of three-to-five TAAs resulted in increased ELISA positive reactions. The first panel of three combined TAAs (p53/PRDX6/CEA) had a sensitivity of 19%, while a second set of four TAAs (p53/PRDX6/c-Myc/Hsp70) reached 28% sensitivity. Likewise, a third panel of five antigens (p53/PRDX6/c-Myc/Hsp70/Nm23) showed 34% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that detection of individual autoantibodies against TAAs in the cohort of patients analyzed here was low, which was enhanced by adding multiple TAAs. Data support the notion that frequencies of autoantibodies could be impacted by geographical and heterogeneous genetic factors of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence A Marchat
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Biotechnology Network, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Luis Herrera
- Carcinogenesis Laboratory, National Institute of Cancerology, CDMX, Mexico
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Carcinogenesis Laboratory, National Institute of Cancerology, CDMX, Mexico
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Rasoulouniriana D, Santana-Magal N, Gutwillig A, Farhat-Younis L, Wine Y, Saperia C, Tal L, Gutman H, Tsivian A, Brenner R, Bandora EA, Reticker-Flynn NE, Rider P, Carmi Y. A distinct subset of FcγRI-expressing Th1 cells exert antibody-mediated cytotoxic activity. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4151-4164. [PMID: 31449054 DOI: 10.1172/jci127590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While a high frequency of Th1 cells in tumors is associated with improved cancer prognosis, this benefit has been attributed mainly to support of cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. By attempting to potentiate antibody-driven immunity, we found a remarkable synergy between CD4+ T cells and tumor-binding antibodies. This surprising synergy was mediated by a small subset of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells that express the high-affinity Fcγ receptor for IgG (FcγRI) in both mouse and human patients. These cells efficiently lyse tumor cells coated with antibodies through concomitant crosslinking of their T cell receptor (TCR) and FcγRI. By expressing FcγRI and its signaling chain in conventional CD4+ T cells, we successfully employed this mechanism to treat established solid cancers. Overall, this discovery sheds new light on the biology of this T cell subset, their function during tumor immunity, and the means to utilize their unique killing signals in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haim Gutman
- Department of Surgery, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Surgical Oncology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Alexander Tsivian
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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48
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Li J, Gao Y, Yue W. The Clinical Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Dickkopf-1 in Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4253-4260. [PMID: 32606922 PMCID: PMC7292247 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s254596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway extensively participates in diverse processes such as embryonic development, maintenance of homeostasis and tumor pathogenesis. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a Wnt inhibitor, plays a vital role for over the past decades regarding its role in the regulation of several types of cancers. However, studies have shown that DKK1 is expressed differently in cancer and plays a role as a cancer-promoting factor or a tumor suppressor, which is worthy of further exploration. We herein study whether DKK1 is highly expressed in all cancers and plays a crucial role in promoting cancer. Furthermore, we discussed as to which stages of cancer development it plays in. Finally, the present detection methods were introduced and indicated the clinical application of DKK1 in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Yue
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, People's Republic of China
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49
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Henriksen JR, Nederby L, Donskov F, Waldstrøm M, Adimi P, Jakobsen A, Steffensen KD. Prognostic significance of baseline T cells, B cells and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in recurrent ovarian cancer treated with chemotherapy. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:59. [PMID: 32414391 PMCID: PMC7229632 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biomarkers are needed to guide treatment decisions in recurrent ovarian cancer, as a high proportion of patients do not benefit from treatments. Data on immune subsets in patients receiving chemotherapy are scarce. We investigated the impact of T cells, B cells, neutrophils and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in ovarian cancer patients receiving palliative chemotherapy. METHODS Blood samples were collected prospectively at baseline in recurrent ovarian cancer (N = 72) receiving chemotherapy. T cells, B cells, neutrophils, and NLR were analyzed. Primary and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and treatment response, respectively. Cut-offs for T and B cells were predefined. RESULTS In patients with low vs. high T and B cells counts, OS was 6.1 months vs 12.0 months (P = 0.017) and 6.1 months vs 12.0 months (P = 0.011, respectively. Low T and B cells analyzed as continuous variables were also associated with unfavorable OS, P = 0.011 and P = 0.007, respectively. Neutrophils had no significant prognostic impact. Median NLR was 4.1. High vs. low NLR was associated with poor survival, 7.4 months vs. 15.9 months (P = 0.012). In multivariate analysis including platinum sensitivity, number of prior lines of chemotherapy, and performance status, high NLR remained an independent poor prognostic factor HR: 2.17 (95% CI 1.21-3.88) (P = 0.009). High NLR was also significantly associated with lack of response, OR 0.15 (95% CI: 0.04-0.51) (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION In recurrent ovarian cancer patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy, low T and B lymphocyte counts had an unfavorable prognostic impact. High NLR was associated with lack of response and a poor prognosis, and the parameter may be used in patient counselling and treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Røikjær Henriksen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Line Nederby
- Biochemistry and Immunology, Vejle Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Frede Donskov
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marianne Waldstrøm
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Vejle Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Parvin Adimi
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Anders Jakobsen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karina Dahl Steffensen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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50
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Si H, Yang Q, Hu H, Ding C, Wang H, Lin X. Colorectal cancer occurrence and treatment based on changes in intestinal flora. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 70:3-10. [PMID: 32404293 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer in the world, and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. The occurrence of CRC is believed to be related to a variety of factors. Epidemiological data indicate that CRC is mainly affected by environmental factors, eating habits, physical activity and genetic factors. As a newly recognized functional component, the intestinal microbiota plays important roles in preventing CRC formation and maintaining intestinal immunity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota causes CRC through alterations to immune function, focusing on the mechanisms by which intestinal microbial dysfunction promotes CRC. Furthermore, we describe the changes in the intestinal flora observed in CRC and their potential for CRC treatment with the goal of facilitating future research on the roles of the intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Chunsheng Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Huichao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, 357 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Xuhong Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, 115 Ximen Street, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China.
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