1
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Brady RV, Thamm DH. Tumor-associated macrophages: Prognostic and therapeutic targets for cancer in humans and dogs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176807. [PMID: 37090720 PMCID: PMC10113558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are ancient, phagocytic immune cells thought to have their origins 500 million years ago in metazoan phylogeny. The understanding of macrophages has evolved to encompass their foundational roles in development, homeostasis, tissue repair, inflammation, and immunity. Notably, macrophages display high plasticity in response to environmental cues, capable of a strikingly wide variety of dynamic gene signatures and phenotypes. Macrophages are also involved in many pathological states including neural disease, asthma, liver disease, heart disease, cancer, and others. In cancer, most tumor-associated immune cells are macrophages, coined tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). While some TAMs can display anti-tumor properties such as phagocytizing tumor cells and orchestrating an immune response, most macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic. Macrophages have been implicated in all stages of cancer. Therefore, interest in manipulating macrophages as a therapeutic strategy against cancer developed as early as the 1970s. Companion dogs are a strong comparative immuno-oncology model for people due to documented similarities in the immune system and spontaneous cancers between the species. Data from clinical trials in humans and dogs can be leveraged to further scientific advancements that benefit both species. This review aims to provide a summary of the current state of knowledge on macrophages in general, and an in-depth review of macrophages as a therapeutic strategy against cancer in humans and companion dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V. Brady
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Douglas H. Thamm
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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2
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Ambrosio N, Voci S, Gagliardi A, Palma E, Fresta M, Cosco D. Application of Biocompatible Drug Delivery Nanosystems for the Treatment of Naturally Occurring Cancer in Dogs. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030116. [PMID: 35997454 PMCID: PMC9397006 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer is a common disease in dogs, with a growing incidence related to the age of the animal. Nanotechnology is being employed in the veterinary field in the same manner as in human therapy. Aim: This review focuses on the application of biocompatible nanocarriers for the treatment of canine cancer, paying attention to the experimental studies performed on dogs with spontaneously occurring cancer. Methods: The most important experimental investigations based on the use of lipid and non-lipid nanosystems proposed for the treatment of canine cancer, such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles containing doxorubicin, paclitaxel and cisplatin, are described and their in vivo fate and antitumor features discussed. Conclusions: Dogs affected by spontaneous cancers are useful models for evaluating the efficacy of drug delivery systems containing antitumor compounds.
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3
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He XT, Li X, Zhang M, Tian BM, Sun LJ, Bi CS, Deng DK, Zhou H, Qu HL, Wu C, Chen FM. Role of molybdenum in material immunomodulation and periodontal wound healing: Targeting immunometabolism and mitochondrial function for macrophage modulation. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Parisi F, Tesi M, Millanta F, Gnocchi M, Poli A. M1 and M2 tumour-associated macrophages subsets in canine malignant mammary tumours: An immunohistochemical study. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:32-38. [PMID: 33582312 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Among the innate and adaptative immune cells recruited to the tumour site, tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) are particularly abundant and by simplified classification can be classified into (M1) and (M2) TAMs. In the present study, we quantified by immunohistochemistry ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1)-positive total and CD204-positive M2-polarized TAMs in 60 canine malignant mammary tumours (CMMTs) to analyze the relationship between M1 or M2 response and the histopathologic features of examined CMMTs, the dogs' body condition score (BCS) and the progression of the neoplastic disease. The mean number of total and CD204+ TAMS were significantly higher in solid and in grade III than in grades I and II carcinomas. Moreover, the mean number of CD204-positive TAMs was significantly higher in CMMTs with lymphatic invasion and necrosis rather than CMMTs without. The presence of higher number of CD204-positive M2-polarized TAMs was associated with a worst outcome of the neoplastic disease: bitches bearing CMMTs with a prevalent M2-polarized TAM response had a median cancer-specific survival time of 449 days, while in animals with a M1-polarized TAM response the median cancer-specific survival time was 1209 days. The results of our study confirm that in CMMTs the presence of a M2-polarized TAMs response might affect the tumour development and behaviour. Finally, it strongly suggests the potential of CD204 expression as a prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Parisi
- Department of Animal Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56124, Italy
| | - Matteo Tesi
- Department of Animal Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56124, Italy
| | - Francesca Millanta
- Department of Animal Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56124, Italy
| | - Marzia Gnocchi
- Department of Animal Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56124, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Animal Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56124, Italy.
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5
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Guth AM, Hafeman SD, Dow SW. Depletion of phagocytic myeloid cells triggers spontaneous T cell- and NK cell-dependent antitumor activity. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1248-1257. [PMID: 23243588 PMCID: PMC3518497 DOI: 10.4161/onci.21317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Depletion of tumor associated macrophages and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis have been invoked as the principle mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of liposomal clodronate (LC). However, previous studies have not examined the effects of LC on systemic antitumor immunity. Here, we used mouse tumor models to elucidate the role of T and NK cells in the antitumor activity elicited by the systemic administration of LC. Strikingly, we found that the antitumor activity of LC is completely abolished in immunodeficient Rag1−/− mice. Moreover, both Cd4−/− and Cd8−/− mice as well as mice depleted of NK cells manifested a significant impaired ability to control tumor growth following LC administration. Treatment with LC did not result in an overall increase in T- or NK-cell numbers in tumors or lymphoid organs, nor was tumor infiltration with T or NK cells altered. However, T and NK cells isolated from the spleen of LC-treated mice exhibited significant increased tumor-specific secretion of interferon γ and interleukin 17 and greater cytolytic activity. We concluded that the antitumor effects of LC are largely dependent on the generation of systemic T-cell and NK- cell activity, most likely owing to the depletion of immune suppressive myeloid cell populations in lymphoid tissues. These findings suggest that the systemic administration of LC may constitute an effective means for non-specifically augmenting the antitumor activity of T and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Guth
- Animal Cancer Center; Dept of Clinical Sciences; Colorado State University; Ft. Collins, CO USA
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6
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Şenel S. Nanotechnology and Animal Health. Pharm Nanotechnol 2020; 9:26-35. [PMID: 32912131 DOI: 10.2174/2211738508666200910101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been a rapidly expanding area of research with huge potential in many sectors, including animal healthcare. It promises to revolutionize drug and vaccine delivery, diagnostics, and theranostics, which has become an important tool in personalized medicine by integrating therapeutics and diagnostics. Nanotechnology has also been used successfully in animal nutrition. In this review, the application of nanotechnology in animal health will be reviewed with its pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Şenel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100-Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Chariou PL, Ortega-Rivera OA, Steinmetz NF. Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Medical, Veterinary, and Agricultural Active Ingredients. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2678-2701. [PMID: 32125825 PMCID: PMC8085836 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarrier-based delivery systems can be used to increase the safety and efficacy of active ingredients in medical, veterinary, or agricultural applications, particularly when such ingredients are unstable, sparingly soluble, or cause off-target effects. In this review, we highlight the diversity of nanocarrier materials and their key advantages compared to free active ingredients. We discuss current trends based on peer-reviewed research articles, patent applications, clinical trials, and the nanocarrier formulations already approved by regulatory bodies. Although most nanocarriers have been engineered to combat cancer, the number of formulations developed for other purposes is growing rapidly, especially those for the treatment of infectious diseases and parasites affecting humans, livestock, and companion animals. The regulation and prohibition of many pesticides have also fueled research to develop targeted pesticide delivery systems based on nanocarriers, which maximize efficacy while minimizing the environmental impact of agrochemicals.
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8
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Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and hemangiosarcoma (HSA) are uncommon and aggressive neoplasms that develop much more frequently in dogs than in cats. Breed-specific predispositions have been identified for both cancers. The development of novel diagnostics is underway and may aid in earlier diagnosis. Therapeutic approaches to HS and HSA depend on the stage of disease and may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Such interventions improve outcome; however, aside from a small number of clinical circumstances, both diseases are considered largely incurable. Continued efforts toward the identification of driver mutations and subsequent druggable targets may lead to improvements in long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mullin
- Hope Veterinary Specialists, 40 Three Tun Road, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.
| | - Craig A Clifford
- Hope Veterinary Specialists, 40 Three Tun Road, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
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9
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Selting KA, Bechtel SM, Espinosa J, Henry CJ, Tate D, Bryan JN, Rajewski L, Flesner BK, Decedue C, Baltezor M. Evaluation of intravenous and subcutaneous administration of a novel, excipient-free, nanoparticulate formulation of paclitaxel in dogs with spontaneously occurring neoplasia. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:650-657. [PMID: 30182530 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carriers used to solubilize taxane chemotherapy drugs cause severe hypersensitivity. Nanoparticle formulations can provide improved dissolution and bioavailability of taxanes. Thus, a nanoparticulate, excipient-free formulation of paclitaxel (CTI52010) was evaluated in tumour-bearing dogs with intravenous and subcutaneous delivery. Tumour-bearing dogs were treated with intravenous CTI52010 using a modified rapid dose escalation scheme. Subcutaneous administration was then planned for a small cohort of dogs for comparison. For both groups, serial blood samples were collected after first dosing for pharmacokinetic analysis by LCMSMS. Tumour response was measured using RECIST criteria. Toxicity was recorded using VCOG-CTCAEv1.1. Fifteen dogs were treated with intravenous delivery at increasing dosages (80-136 mg/m2 ), with one objective response in the urethral component of a prostatic carcinoma (probable transitional cell carcinoma) and four dogs with durable stable disease (two carcinomas, two sarcomas). Pharmacokinetic data indicate a rapid initial clearing of the drug from serum followed by an extended elimination half-life, similar to normal dogs and suggesting reticuloendothelial clearance. Parameters and toxicity were highly variable and a maximally tolerated dosage could not be reliably confirmed. Three dogs were treated with subcutaneous delivery and no drug was detected in circulation, resulting in termination of the study. This novel formulation of paclitaxel is well tolerated in dogs and no unique toxicity or hypersensitivity was noted. The preliminary responses suggest biologic activity. The lack of systemic absorption after subcutaneous administration suggests a possible role for intratumoural anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Selting
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sandra M Bechtel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Carolyn J Henry
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Deborah Tate
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Lian Rajewski
- Biotechnology Innovation and Optimization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Brian K Flesner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Charles Decedue
- Crititech, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas.,Biotechnology Innovation and Optimization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Michael Baltezor
- Crititech, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas.,Biotechnology Innovation and Optimization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
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10
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The Use of Liposomes and Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems to Improve Cancer Treatment in Dogs and Cats. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122167. [PMID: 29215573 PMCID: PMC6149801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer remains a leading cause of death in companion animals. In human medicine, liposomes and nanoparticles have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems (DDS) for anticancer agents due to their ability to target cancerous cells and reduce the negative side effects of free cytostatic drugs. In this review, the authors discuss the results of clinical trials using liposomes and polymer-based nanoparticles as DDS to improve cancer treatment in dogs and cats, indicating which ones seem worth further evaluation. The authors then overview ongoing animal cancer clinical trials, evaluating nano-DDS registered on the American Veterinary Medical Association Animal Health Studies Database. Finally, the authors indicate the nano-drugs that require further in vivo evaluation based on the encouraging results obtained from in vitro studies. Conclusions: Liposomes have been the most investigated nano-DDS in veterinary medicine. The lack of cardiotoxicity of the commercially available liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil/Caelyx) suggests it should be used in dogs with cardiac disorders, rather than using free doxorubicin. Cisplatin-incorporated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles, nanocrystals of cisplatin, and paclitaxel are the most promising nano-drugs for potent applications in treating various canine cancers (e.g. oral melanoma, oral sarcoma, and anal gland adenocarcinoma) and their translation into the treatment of human diseases.
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11
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Børresen B, Hansen AE, Kjaer A, Andresen TL, Kristensen AT. Liposome-encapsulated chemotherapy: Current evidence for its use in companion animals. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:E1-E15. [PMID: 29027350 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic drugs encapsulated into liposomes were originally designed to increase the anticancer response, while minimizing off-target adverse effects. The first liposomal chemotherapeutic drug was approved for use in humans more than 20 years ago, and the first publication regarding its use in a canine cancer patient was published shortly thereafter. Regardless, no general application for liposomal cytotoxic drugs has been established in veterinary oncology till now. Due to the popularity of canines as experimental models for pharmacokinetic analyses and toxicity studies, multiple publications exist describing various liposomal drugs in healthy dogs. Also, some evidence for its use in veterinary cancer patients exists, especially in canine lymphoma, canine splenic hemangiosarcoma and feline soft tissue sarcoma, however, the results have not been overwhelming. Reasons for this may be related to inherent issues with the enhanced permeability and retention effect, the tumour phenomenon which liposomal drugs exploit. This effect seems very heterogeneously distributed in the tumour. Also, it is potentially not as ubiquitously occurring as once thought, and it may prove important to select patients for liposomal therapy on an individual, non-histology-oriented, basis. Concurrently, new developments with active-release modified liposomes in experimental models and humans will likely be relevant for veterinary patients as well, and holds the potential to improve the therapeutic response. It, however, does not resolve the other challenges that liposomal chemotherapy faces, and more work still needs to be done to determine which veterinary patients may benefit the most from liposomal chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Børresen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A E Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A Kjaer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - T L Andresen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A T Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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12
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Mason SL, Finotello R, Blackwood L. Epirubicin in the treatment of canine histiocytic sarcoma: sequential, alternating and rescue chemotherapy. Vet Comp Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Mason
- Queens Veterinary School Hospital; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - R. Finotello
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital; University of Liverpool; Neston UK
| | - L. Blackwood
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital; University of Liverpool; Neston UK
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13
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Nadar RA, Margiotta N, Iafisco M, van den Beucken JJJP, Boerman OC, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Bisphosphonate-Functionalized Imaging Agents, Anti-Tumor Agents and Nanocarriers for Treatment of Bone Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28207199 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastases result from the invasion of primary tumors to bone. Current treatment modalities include local treatments such as surgery and radiotherapy, while systemic treatments include chemotherapy and (palliative) treatment of skeletal metastases. Nevertheless, once bone metastases have been established they remain incurable leading to morbidity and mortality. Bisphosphonates are a well-established class of drugs, which are increasingly applied in the treatment of bone cancers owing to their effective inhibition of tumor cells and suppression of bone metastases. The increased understanding of the mechanism of action of bisphosphonates on bone and tumor cells has prompted the development of novel bisphosphonate-functionalized imaging and therapeutic agents. This review provides an update on the preclinical efficacy of bisphosphonate-functionalized fluorophore, anti-tumor agents and nanocarriers for the treatment of bone metastases. After an overview of the general characteristics of bisphosphonates and their mechanisms of action, an outline is provided on the various conjugation strategies that have become available to functionalize imaging agents, anti-tumor agents and nanocarriers with bisphosphonates. Finally, the efficacy of these bisphosphonate-modified agents and carriers in preclinical studies is evaluated by reviewing their potential to target tumors and inhibit tumor growth in clinically relevant animal models for the treatment of bone cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Nadar
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Philips van Leydenlaan 25 6525 EX Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro; Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Michele Iafisco
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC); National Research Council (CNR); Via Granarolo 64 48018 Faenza Italy
| | | | - Otto C. Boerman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Radboud University Medical Center; Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10 6525 AG Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Sander C. G. Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Medical Center; Philips van Leydenlaan 25 6525 EX Nijmegen The Netherlands
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14
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Marker BA, Barber LG, Clifford CA, Correa SS, Thalhofer PL, LaDue TA, Mullin CM, Sauerbrey ML, Wood CC. Extravasation reactions associated with the administration of pamidronate: 11 cases (2008-2013). Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:470-480. [PMID: 27174040 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pamidronate is a bisphosphonate drug widely utilized in veterinary oncologic practice for the palliation of malignant osteolysis. Pamidronate has not been previously reported to cause tissue injury upon extravasation in dogs. The medical records of 11 client-owned dogs undergoing palliative treatment for primary bone tumors with known or suspected pamidronate extravasation reactions were reviewed. The majority of adverse events were low grade in nature, however in some cases, the reactions were severe and led to euthanasia in one instance. Time to complete resolution of lesions ranged from within several days to greater than one and a half months. Aside from the dog that was euthanized, no long-term sequelae of extravasation were identified. Treatments employed to address the reactions varied widely. Pamidronate extravasation reaction appears to be an uncommon, but potentially serious complication of intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Marker
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - L G Barber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - C A Clifford
- Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ, 07724, USA
| | - S S Correa
- Animal Cancer Care Clinic, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, 33304, USA
| | - P L Thalhofer
- Metropolitan Veterinary Hospital, Akron, OH, 44321, USA
| | - T A LaDue
- Southeast Veterinary Oncology, Orange Park, FL, 32073, USA
| | - C M Mullin
- Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ, 07724, USA
| | - M L Sauerbrey
- Oakland Veterinary Referral Services, Bloomfield Hills, MI, 48302, USA
| | - C C Wood
- Veterinary Referral and Emergency Center of Westbury, Westbury, NY, USA
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15
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Russo E, Gaglianone N, Baldassari S, Parodi B, Croce I, Bassi AM, Vernazza S, Caviglioli G. Chitosan-clodronate nanoparticles loaded in poloxamer gel for intra-articular administration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:88-96. [PMID: 26998870 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work was based on the study of an intra-articular delivery system constituted by a poloxamer gel vehiculating clodronate in chitosan nanoparticles. This system has been conceived to obtain a specific and controlled release of clodronate in the joints to reduce the arthritis rheumatoid degenerative effect. Clodronate (CLO) is a first-generation bisphosphonate with anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting the cytokine and NO secretion from macrophages, therefore causing apoptosis in these cells. This is related to its ability to be metabolized by cells and converted into a cytotoxic intermediate as a non-hydrolysable analogue of ATP. Chitosan (CHI) was used to develop nanosystems, by ionotropic gelation induced by clodronate itself. A fractional factorial experimental design allowed us to obtain nanoparticles, the diameter of which ranged from 200 to 300nm. Glutaraldehyde was used to increase nanoparticle stability and modify the drug release profile. The zeta potential value of crosslinked nanopaparticles was 21.0mV±1.3, while drug loading was 31.0%±5.4 w/w; nanoparticle yield was 18.2%±1.8 w/w, the encapsulation efficiency was 48.8%±9.9 w/w. Nanoparticles were homogenously loaded in a poloxamer sol, and the drug delivery system is produced in-situ after local administration, when sol become gel at physiological temperature. The properties of poloxamer gels containing CHI-CLO nanoparticles, such as viscosity, gelation temperature and drug release properties, were evaluated. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of these nanoparticles on a human monocytic cell line (THP1). The results showed that this drug delivery system is more efficient, with respect to the free drug, to counteract the inflammatory process characteristic of several degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy.
| | - N Gaglianone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - S Baldassari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - B Parodi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - I Croce
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - A M Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology, University of Genova, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - S Vernazza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, General Pathology, University of Genova, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - G Caviglioli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
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16
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Regan D, Dow S. Manipulation of Innate Immunity for Cancer Therapy in Dogs. Vet Sci 2015; 2:423-439. [PMID: 29061951 PMCID: PMC5644648 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci2040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last one to two decades, the field of cancer immunotherapy has rapidly progressed from early preclinical studies to a successful clinical reality and fourth major pillar of human cancer therapy. While current excitement in the field of immunotherapy is being driven by several major breakthroughs including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, these advances stem from a foundation of pivotal studies demonstrating the immune systems role in tumor control and eradication. The following will be a succinct review on veterinary cancer immunotherapy as it pertains to manipulation of the innate immune system to control tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, we will provide an update on recent progress in our understanding of the innate immune system in veterinary tumor immunology, and how these gains may lead to novel therapies for the treatment of cancer in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Regan
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80525, USA.
- The Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80525, USA.
| | - Steven Dow
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80525, USA.
- The Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80525, USA.
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Regan D, Guth A, Coy J, Dow S. Cancer immunotherapy in veterinary medicine: Current options and new developments. Vet J 2015; 207:20-28. [PMID: 26545847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excitement in the field of tumor immunotherapy is being driven by several remarkable breakthroughs in recent years. This review will cover recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, including the use of T cell checkpoint inhibitors, engineered T cells, cancer vaccines, and anti-B cell and T cell antibodies. Inhibition of T cell checkpoint molecules such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 using monoclonal antibodies has achieved notable success against advanced tumors in humans, including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. Therapy with engineered T cells has also demonstrated remarkable tumor control and regression in human trials. Autologous cancer vaccines have recently demonstrated impressive prolongation of disease-free intervals and survival times in dogs with lymphoma. In addition, caninized monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20 and CD52 just recently received either full (CD20) or conditional (CD52) licensing by the United States Department of Agriculture for clinical use in the treatment of canine B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, respectively. Thus, immunotherapy for cancer is rapidly moving to the forefront of cancer treatment options in veterinary medicine as well as human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Regan
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Amanda Guth
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Jonathan Coy
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Steven Dow
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Lin TY, Rodriguez CO, Li Y. Nanomedicine in veterinary oncology. Vet J 2015; 205:189-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Graversen JH, Moestrup SK. Drug Trafficking into Macrophages via the Endocytotic Receptor CD163. MEMBRANES 2015; 5:228-52. [PMID: 26111002 PMCID: PMC4496642 DOI: 10.3390/membranes5020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In inflammatory diseases, macrophages are a main producer of a range of cytokines regulating the inflammatory state. This also includes inflammation induced by tumor growth, which recruits so-called tumor-associated macrophages supporting tumor growth. Macrophages are therefore relevant targets for cytotoxic or phenotype-modulating drugs in the treatment of inflammatory and cancerous diseases. Such targeting of macrophages has been tried using the natural propensity of macrophages to non-specifically phagocytose circulating foreign particulate material. In addition, the specific targeting of macrophage-expressed receptors has been used in order to obtain a selective uptake in macrophages and reduce adverse effects of off-target delivery of drugs. CD163 is a highly expressed macrophage-specific endocytic receptor that has been studied for intracellular delivery of small molecule drugs to macrophages using targeted liposomes or antibody drug conjugates. This review will focus on the biology of CD163 and its potential role as a target for selective macrophage targeting compared with other macrophage targeting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Heilskov Graversen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 5000-Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Søren Kragh Moestrup
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 5000-Odense C, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000-Odense C, Denmark.
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Cannon C, Borgatti A, Henson M, Husbands B. Evaluation of a combination chemotherapy protocol including lomustine and doxorubicin in canine histiocytic sarcoma. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:425-9. [PMID: 25828786 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe a chemotherapy protocol combining lomustine and doxorubicin in canine histiocytic sarcoma, including outcomes and toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of case records for dogs with histiocytic sarcoma treated with lomustine and doxorubicin (± cyclophosphamide) alternating every 2 weeks. Data collected included signalment, clinical signs, clinicopathological abnormalities, extent of disease, response, toxicity, time to tumour progression and survival time. RESULTS Of 17 dogs, 15 had disseminated or metastatic disease. The median number of chemotherapy cycles (one dose of each drug) received was three; most dogs discontinued therapy due to progressive disease. Dose reductions or delays occurred in 18% of cycles. The overall response rate was 58%, with a median time to tumour progression of 185 (range, 59 to 268) days for responders. The overall median survival time was 185 (18 to 402) days. No significant prognostic factors were identified. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The protocol appeared well-tolerated, had some efficacy against canine histiocytic sarcoma in the study population and could be considered as an alternative to single-agent protocols; prospective comparison may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cannon
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - A Borgatti
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - M Henson
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - B Husbands
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Singh T, Kaur V, Kumar M, Kaur P, Murthy RSR, Rawal RK. The critical role of bisphosphonates to target bone cancer metastasis: an overview. J Drug Target 2014; 23:1-15. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.950668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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22
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Sabatino R, Antonelli A, Battistelli S, Schwendener R, Magnani M, Rossi L. Macrophage depletion by free bisphosphonates and zoledronate-loaded red blood cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101260. [PMID: 24968029 PMCID: PMC4072741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates, besides being important drugs for the treatment of various bone diseases, could also be used to induce apoptosis in macrophage-like and cancer cells. However, their activity in vivo is limited by a short plasma half-life and rapid uptake within bone. Therefore, several delivery systems have been proposed to modify their pharmacokinetic profile and biodistribution. Among these, red blood cells (RBCs) represent one of the most promising biological carriers. The aim of this study was to select the best performing compound among Clodronate, Pamidronate, Ibandronate and Zoledronate in killing macrophages and to investigate RBCs as innovative carrier system to selectively target bisphosphonates to macrophages. To this end, the encapsulation of the selected bisphosphonates in autologous RBCs as well as the effect on macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo were studied. This work shows that, among the tested bisphosphonates, Zoledronate has proven to be the most active molecule. Human and murine RBCs have been successfully loaded with Zoledronate by a procedure of hypotonic dialysis and isotonic resealing, obtaining a dose-dependent drug entrapment with a maximal loading of 7.96±2.03, 6.95±3.9 and 7.0±1.89 µmoles of Zoledronate/ml of packed RBCs for human, Swiss and Balb/C murine RBCs, respectively. Engineered RBCs were able to detach human and murine macrophages in vitro, leading to a detachment of 66±8%, 67±8% and 60.5±3.5% for human, Swiss and Balb/C RBCs, respectively. The in vivo efficacy of loaded RBCs was tested in Balb/C mice administering 59 µg/mouse of RBC-encapsulated Zoledronate. By a single administration, depletion of 29.0±16.38% hepatic macrophages and of 67.84±5.48% spleen macrophages was obtained, confirming the ability of encapsulated Zoledronate to deplete macrophages in vivo. In conclusion, RBCs loaded with Zoledronate should be considered a suitable system for targeted delivery to macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Sabatino
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Antonella Antonelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Serafina Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Reto Schwendener
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino (PU), Italy
- EryDel SpA, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Luigia Rossi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino (PU), Italy
- EryDel SpA, Urbino (PU), Italy
- * E-mail:
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Recent developments in liposome-based veterinary therapeutics. ISRN VETERINARY SCIENCE 2013; 2013:167521. [PMID: 24222862 PMCID: PMC3809611 DOI: 10.1155/2013/167521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanomedicine have been studied in the veterinary field and have found a wide variety of applications. The past decade has witnessed a massive surge of research interest in liposomes for delivery of therapeutic substances in animals. Liposomes are nanosized phospholipid vesicles that can serve as delivery platforms for a wide range of substances. Liposomes are easily formulated, highly modifiable, and easily administered delivery platforms. They are biodegradable and nontoxic and have long in vivo circulation time. This review focuses on recent and ongoing research that may have relevance for veterinary medicine. By examining the recent developments in liposome-based therapeutics in animal cancers, vaccines, and analgesia, this review depicts the current significance and future directions of liposome-based delivery in veterinary medicine.
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De Rosa G, Misso G, Salzano G, Caraglia M. Bisphosphonates and cancer: what opportunities from nanotechnology? JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2013; 2013:637976. [PMID: 23533771 PMCID: PMC3603225 DOI: 10.1155/2013/637976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are synthetic analogues of naturally occurring pyrophosphate compounds. They are used in clinical practice to inhibit bone resorption in bone metastases, osteoporosis, and Paget's disease. BPs induce apoptosis because they can be metabolically incorporated into nonhydrolyzable analogues of adenosine triphosphate. In addition, the nitrogen-containing BPs (N-BPs), second-generation BPs, act by inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase, a key enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. These molecules are able to induce apoptosis of a number of cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, antiangiogenic effect of BPs has also been reported. However, despite these promising properties, BPs rapidly accumulate into the bone, thus hampering their use to treat extraskeletal tumors. Nanotechnologies can represent an opportunity to limit BP accumulation into the bone, thus increasing drug level in extraskeletal sites of the body. Thus, nanocarriers encapsulating BPs can be used to target macrophages, to reduce angiogenesis, and to directly kill cancer cell. Moreover, nanocarriers can be conjugated with BPs to specifically deliver anticancer agent to bone tumors. This paper describes, in the first part, the state-of-art on the BPs, and, in the following part, the main studies in which nanotechnologies have been proposed to investigate new indications for BPs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 8013 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Salzano
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 8013 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Oral adjuvant clodronate therapy could improve overall survival in early breast cancer: results from an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:2086-92. [PMID: 23452992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of clodronate in the adjuvant therapy of early breast cancer on patient survival. METHODS We performed a literature search to identify studies that investigated the effects of clodronate treatment on early breast cancer. Random and fixed-effect meta-analytical models were used where indicated and between-study heterogeneity was assessed. The primary study end-points were overall survival. Secondary end-points were bone metastasis-free survival and non-skeletal metastasis (mainly visceral metastases) free survival. RESULTS Four randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Risk ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) of overall survival was 0.84 (0.56-1.26); risk ratio (95% CI) of bone metastasis-free survival was 0.77 (0.58-1.02); risk ratio (95% CI) of non-bone metastasis-free survival was 0.89 (0.61-1.30). Outcomes after sensitivity analysis were: risk ratio (95% CI) of overall survival was 0.71 (0.52-0.96); risk ratio (95% CI) of bone metastasis-free survival was 0.70 (0.56-0.86); risk ratio (95% CI) of non-bone metastasis-free survival was 0.76 (0.64-0.92). CONCLUSION Compared with the control arm, adjuvant treatment with clodronate may improve the overall survival, bone metastasis-free survival and non-bone metastasis-free (mainly visceral metastases) survival in patients with early breast cancer. However, further meta-analyses involving all known randomised trials with analysis of sub-groups by age or menopausal status, accessing original trial data, should be performed.
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Sah H, Thoma LA, Desu HR, Sah E, Wood GC. Concepts and practices used to develop functional PLGA-based nanoparticulate systems. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:747-65. [PMID: 23459088 PMCID: PMC3582541 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s40579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of bare polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles is limited to drug depot or drug solubilization in their hard cores. They have inherent weaknesses as a drug-delivery system. For instance, when administered intravenously, the nanoparticles undergo rapid clearance from systemic circulation before reaching the site of action. Furthermore, plain PLGA nanoparticles cannot distinguish between different cell types. Recent research shows that surface functionalization of nanoparticles and development of new nanoparticulate dosage forms help overcome these delivery challenges and improve in vivo performance. Immense research efforts have propelled the development of diverse functional PLGA-based nanoparticulate delivery systems. Representative examples include PEGylated micelles/nanoparticles (PEG, polyethylene glycol), polyplexes, polymersomes, core-shell-type lipid-PLGA hybrids, cell-PLGA hybrids, receptor-specific ligand-PLGA conjugates, and theranostics. Each PLGA-based nanoparticulate dosage form has specific features that distinguish it from other nanoparticulate systems. This review focuses on fundamental concepts and practices that are used in the development of various functional nanoparticulate dosage forms. We describe how the attributes of these functional nanoparticulate forms might contribute to achievement of desired therapeutic effects that are not attainable using conventional therapies. Functional PLGA-based nanoparticulate systems are expected to deliver chemotherapeutic, diagnostic, and imaging agents in a highly selective and effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkee Sah
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Sedaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Mitchell LA, Henderson AJ, Dow SW. Suppression of vaccine immunity by inflammatory monocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5612-21. [PMID: 23136203 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvant-induced inflammation augments vaccine immunity in part by recruiting APCs to vaccine draining lymph nodes (LNs). However, the role of one APC subtype, inflammatory monocytes, in regulating vaccine immunity in healthy animals has not been fully examined in detail. Therefore, vaccine-mediated monocyte recruitment and subsequent immune responses were investigated using murine vaccination models and in vitro assays. Recruitment of inflammatory monocytes to vaccine draining LNs was rapid and mediated primarily by local production of MCP-1, as revealed by studies in MCP-1(-/-) mice. Interrupting monocyte recruitment to LNs by either transient monocyte depletion or monocyte migration blockade led to marked amplification of both cellular and humoral immune responses to vaccination. These results were most consistent with the idea that rapidly mobilized inflammatory monocytes were actually suppressing vaccine responses. The suppressive nature of vaccine-elicited monocytes was confirmed using in vitro cocultures of murine monocytes and T cells. Furthermore, it was determined that inflammatory monocytes suppressed T cell responses by sequestering cysteine, as cysteine supplementation in vitro and in vivo appreciably augmented vaccine responses. These findings indicated, therefore, that vaccination-elicited inflammation, although necessary for effective immunity, also generated potent counter-regulatory immune responses that were mediated primarily by inflammatory monocytes. Therefore, interrupting monocyte-mediated vaccine counterregulatory responses may serve as an effective new strategy for broadly amplifying vaccine immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Mitchell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Pumphrey SA, Pizzirani S, Pirie CG, Sato AF, Buckley FI. Reactive histiocytosis of the orbit and posterior segment in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 2012; 16:229-33. [PMID: 22853429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01055.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of reactive histiocytic disease involving the orbit, optic nerve, retina, and choroid in a Border Collie dog initially presenting for vision loss. Long-term partial return of vision has been achieved with systemic immunosuppression. Anterior segment and ocular surface manifestations of reactive histiocytic disease in dogs are relatively common. Posterior segment and orbital involvement, however, are minimally documented in the existing literature. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of disease confined to the orbit and posterior segment as well as the first report of vision loss as a presenting complaint for reactive histiocytic disease. Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, cytologic, and histopathologic findings are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Pumphrey
- Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
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Guth AM, Hafeman SD, Elmslie RE, Dow SW. Liposomal clodronate treatment for tumour macrophage depletion in dogs with soft-tissue sarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 11:296-305. [PMID: 22540967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2012.00319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Increased numbers of tumour-associated macrophages correlate with rapid tumour growth and metastasis in tumours. Thus, macrophage depletion has potential as a novel cancer therapy and positive responses have been reported in rodent tumour models. To investigate the effectiveness of this approach in dogs with cancer, we evaluated the effects of the macrophage-depleting agent liposomal clodronate (LC) in dogs with soft-tissue sarcoma (STS). To this end, we conducted a clinical trial of LC therapy in 13 dogs with STS. Repeated LC administration was well tolerated clinically. Preliminary examination of tumour biopsy sets from 5 of the 13 dogs demonstrated that the density of CD11b(+) macrophages was significantly decreased after LC treatment. Circulating concentrations of interleukin-8 were also significantly reduced. These preliminary studies are the first to suggest that LC can be used as a systemic macrophage-depleting agent in dogs to reduce numbers of tumour-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Guth
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Abstract
Bisphosphonate use has increased in veterinary medicine over the last decade. During this time, bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) in human patients has been identified. Only recently was a dog model for BRONJ developed for human oral surgery and medicine. Veterinary patients treated with bisphosphonates may be at an increased risk for BRONJ There has been little, to no, investigation of potential long term side-effects of bisphosphonate use in veterinary patients; potential sequelae are unknown. The history of bisphosphonates, their use, and BRONJ in veterinary patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Stepaniuk
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Nanomedicine and veterinary science: the reality and the practicality. Vet J 2012; 193:12-23. [PMID: 22365842 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a rapidly expanding field with a promising future that is already permeating veterinary science. This review summarises the current applications for nanoparticles in human medicine and explores their potential applicability for veterinary use. The principles underlying the use of nanoparticles in drug delivery, imaging and as vaccine adjuvants are explored along with the unique issues surrounding nanoparticle toxicity and regulatory approval. A brief overview of the properties of different nanoparticle systems including, liposomes, micelles, emulsions and inorganic nanoparticles, is provided, along with a description of their current and potential future applications in veterinary medicine.
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Hafeman SD, Varland D, Dow SW. Bisphosphonates significantly increase the activity of doxorubicin or vincristine against canine malignant histiocytosis cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 10:44-56. [PMID: 22236140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Canine malignant histiocytosis (MH) is an aggressive neoplasm of macrophages and dendritic cells. It carries a poor prognosis because of the development of widespread metastasis and poor sensitivity to chemotherapy. Thus, there is a large need for new treatments for MH. We hypothesized that bisphosphonates might be useful to increase the effectiveness of cytotoxic chemotherapy against MH. To address this question, we conducted in vitro screening studies using MH cell lines and a panel of 6 chemotherapy and 5 bisphosphonate drugs. The combination of clodronate with vincristine was found to elicit synergistic killing which was associated with a significant increase in cell cycle arrest. Second, zoledronate combined with doxorubicin also significantly increased cell killing. Zoledronate significantly increased the uptake of doxorubicin by MH cells. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that certain bisphosphonate drugs may increase the overall effectiveness of chemotherapy for MH in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Hafeman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Sottnik JL, Duval DL, J. Ehrhart E, Thamm DH. An orthotopic, postsurgical model of luciferase transfected murine osteosarcoma with spontaneous metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2010; 27:151-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-010-9318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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