1
|
Chen Y, Zhang H. Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy for chordoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1374249. [PMID: 38983929 PMCID: PMC11232415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1374249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Chordoma, as a rare, low-grade malignant tumor that tends to occur in the midline of the body, grows slowly but often severely invades surrounding tissues and bones. Due to the severe invasion and damage to the surrounding tissues, chordoma is difficult to be gross totally resected in surgery, and the progression of the residual tumor is often unavoidable. Besides, the tumor is insensitive to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, thus finding effective treatment methods for chordoma is urgent. Nowadays, immunotherapy has made a series of breakthroughs and shown good therapeutic effects in kinds of tumors, which brings new insights into tumors without effective treatment strategies. With the deepening of research on immunotherapy, some studies focused on the immune microenvironment of chordoma have been published, most of them concentrated on the infiltration of immune cells, the expression of tumor-specific antigen or the immune checkpoint expression. On this basis, a series of immunotherapy studies of chordoma are under way, some of which have shown encouraging results. In this review, we reviewed the research about immune microenvironment and immunotherapy for chordoma, combined with the existing clinical trials data, hoping to clarify the frontiers and limitations of chordoma immune research, and provide reference for follow-up immunotherapy research on chordoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei M, Zhou G, Chen L, Zhang Y, Ma W, Gao L, Gao G. The prognostic and immune significance of PLBD1 in pan-cancer and its roles in proliferation and invasion of glioma. J Cancer 2024; 15:3857-3872. [PMID: 38911364 PMCID: PMC11190780 DOI: 10.7150/jca.96365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a destructive disease and is currently the leading cause of major threats to human health. PLBD1 is a transcription factor that regulates phospholipid metabolism, but its role in tumors is unknown. We assessed pan-cancer expression, methylation, and mutation data of PLBD1 by multiple databases to investigate its clinical prognostic value. In addition, we examined the pan-cancer immunological signature of PLBD1, particularly in gliomas. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of PLBD1 knockdown on the proliferation and invasive capacity of glioma cells by in vitro experiments. Our results suggest that PLBD1 is highly expressed in multiple types of cancers, and it can serve as an independent prognostic factor for gliomas. In addition, we found that the epigenetic alterations of PLBD1 were highly heterogeneous in a variety of cancers, including gliomas, and that its high methylation was associated with poor prognosis in a broad range of cancers. Immunological profiling demonstrated that PLBD1 was significantly associated with immune cell infiltration and multiple immune checkpoints in gliomas and is a potential biomarker for gliomas. Furthermore, cellular experiments showed that knockdown of PLBD1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasive ability of glioma cells. In conclusion, PLBD1 is a potential tumor prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target that plays a crucial role in glioma cell proliferation, invasion and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
- Department of Neurosurgery Ward II, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, China
| | - Gaoyang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001 China
| | - Yufu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghosh PK, Ghosh A. Dysregulation of noncoding RNA in chordoma; implications in identifying potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:125. [PMID: 38236360 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare form of bone cancer develops in the spinal cord and skull. Instead of conventional (radio/chemotherapies) and targeted therapies, the disease is associated with high rate of recurrence and poor patient survival. Thus, for better disease management, the molecular pathogenesis of chordoma should be studied in detail to identify dysregulated biomolecules that can be targeted by novel therapeutics. Recent research showed frequent dysregulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) in association with aggressive tumor phenotypes like cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis in a variety of cancers, including chordoma. Apart from diagnostic and prognostic importance, noncoding RNAs may serve as promising targets for novel therapeutics in cancer. In this review, we summarized a list of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNA found to be dysregulated in chordoma from available data published in relevant databases (PubMed), as such an approach seems to be rare to date. The dysregulated noncoding RNAs were also associated with adverse tumor phenotypes to assess the impact on disease pathogenesis and, associated downstream molecular pathways were focused. Synthetic compounds and natural products that were reported to target the noncoding RNAs in other malignancies were also listed from published literature and proposed as potential therapeutic agents in chordoma. This review will provide information for further research on chordoma focusing on detailed characterization of dysregulated lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNA to understand the disease pathogenesis and, exploration of suitable natural and synthetic products targeting dysregulated non-coding RNAs to develop effective therapeutic measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pramit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amlan Ghosh
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
- Genetics of Non-communicable Diseases, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Díaz-Alvarez L, López-Cortés GI, Pérez-Figueroa E. Immunomodulation exerted by galectins: a land of opportunity in rare cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1301025. [PMID: 38022609 PMCID: PMC10663293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare cancers represent only 5% of newly diagnosed malignancies. However, in some cases, they account for up to 50% of the deaths attributed to cancer in their corresponding organ. Part of the reason is that treatment options are generally quite limited, non-specific, and very often, only palliative. Needless to say, research for tailored treatments is warranted. Molecules that exert immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment are attractive drug targets. One such group is galectins. Thus, in this review we summarize the current knowledge about galectin-mediated immunomodulation in rare cancers, highlighting the research opportunities in each case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Díaz-Alvarez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Erandi Pérez-Figueroa
- Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de la Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas e Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu J, Shi Q, Wang B, Ji T, Guo W, Ren T, Tang X. The role of tumor immune microenvironment in chordoma: promising immunotherapy strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257254. [PMID: 37720221 PMCID: PMC10502727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare malignant bone tumor with limited therapeutic options, which is resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and targeted therapy is also shown with little efficacy. The long-standing delay in researching its mechanisms of occurrence and development has resulted in the dilemma of no effective treatment targets and no available drugs in clinical practice. In recent years, the role of the tumor immune microenvironment in driving tumor growth has become a hot and challenging topic in the field of cancer research. Immunotherapy has shown promising results in the treatment of various tumors. However, the study of the immune microenvironment of chordoma is still in its infancy. In this review, we aim to present a comprehensive reveal of previous exploration on the chordoma immune microenvironment and propose promising immunotherapy strategies for chordoma based on these characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhui Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyu Shi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ji
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qayoom H, Sofi S, Mir MA. Targeting tumor microenvironment using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as therapeutics against tumorigenesis. Immunol Res 2023; 71:588-599. [PMID: 37004645 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a vital role in suppressing tumor cell progression. The tumor microenvironment augmented with significant levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has been widely investigated and it is suggested that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have shown a significant role in the prognosis of cancer patients. Compared to ordinary non-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a significant population of lymphocytes that infiltrate tumor tissue and have a higher level of specific immunological reactivity against tumor cells. They serve as an effective immunological defense against various malignancies. TILs are a diverse group of immune cells that are divided into immune subsets based on the pathological and physiological impact they have on the immune system. TILs mainly consist of B-cells, T-cells, or natural killer cells with diverse phenotypic and functional properties. TILs are known to be superior to other immune cells in that they can recognize a wide range of heterogeneous tumor antigens by producing many clones of T cell receptors (TCRs), outperforming treatments like TCR-T cell and CAR-T therapy. With the introduction of genetic engineering technologies, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have become a ground-breaking therapeutic option for malignancies, but because of the hindrances opposed by the immune microenvironment and the mutation of antigens, the development of TILs as therapeutic has been hindered. By giving some insight into the many variables, such as the various barriers inhibiting its usage as a potential therapeutic agent, we have examined various aspects of TILs in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hina Qayoom
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shazia Sofi
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Manzoor A Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Chen Z, Li B, Fan J, Xu W, Xiao J. Immunotherapy as a Promising Option for the Treatment of Advanced Chordoma: A Systemic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010264. [PMID: 36612259 PMCID: PMC9818311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the function and efficacy of immunotherapy as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of advanced chordoma. METHODS Literature search was conducted by two reviewers independently. Case reports, case series and clinical trials of immunotherapy for chordoma were retrieved systematically from Pubmed, Web of Science, Scoupus and Cochrane Library. Clinical outcome data extracted from the literature included median progression-free survival (PFS), median overall survival (OS), clinical responses and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS All studies were published between 2015 and 2022. Twenty-two eligible studies were selected for systemic review. PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were the most common used immunotherapy agents in chordoma, among which Pembrolizumab was the most frequently prescribed. CTLA-4 antibody was only used as combination therapy in chordoma. Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) was not observed in any vaccine targeting brachyury, and injection site response was the most frequent AV. The response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) were the most generally used evaluation standard in chordoma immunotherapy, and none of the included studies employed the Choi criteria. CONCLUSIONS No clinical data have demonstrated that CTLA-4 ICIs combined with PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs is more effective than ICIs monotherapy in treating chordoma, and ICIs in combination with other therapies exhibit more toxicity than monotherapy. PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs monotherapy is recommended as an immunotherapy in patients with advanced chordoma, which may even benefit PD-L1-negative patients. The brachyury vaccine has shown good safety in chordoma patients, and future clinical trials should focus on how to improve its therapeutic efficacy. The use of immunomodulatory agents is a promising therapeutic option, though additional clinical trials are required to evaluate their safety and effectiveness. RECIST does not seem to be an appropriate standard for assessing medications of intratumoral immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Xu
- Correspondence: (W.X.); (J.X.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-13761278657 (W.X.); +86-021-13701785283 (J.X.); +(086)-021-81885634 (W.X. & J.X.)
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Correspondence: (W.X.); (J.X.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-13761278657 (W.X.); +86-021-13701785283 (J.X.); +(086)-021-81885634 (W.X. & J.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li M, Bai J, Xiong Y, Shen Y, Wang S, Li C, Zhang Y. High systemic inflammation score is associated with adverse survival in skull base chordoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1046093. [PMID: 36313652 PMCID: PMC9613931 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1046093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The systemic inflammation score (SIS), based on preoperative lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) and albumin (ALB), was recently developed and is demonstrated to be a novel prognostic indicator in several cancers. However, data discussing the utility of SIS in chordoma are lacking. We aimed to investigate the distribution and the prognostic role of SIS in primary skull base chordoma patients undergoing surgery. Material and methods Preoperative SIS was retrospectively collected from 183 skull base chordoma patients between 2008 and 2014 in a single center. Its associations with clinical features and overall survival (OS) were further analyzed. The SIS-based nomogram was developed and evaluated by the concordance index (C-index), time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results The numbers of patients in the SIS 2, 1, and 0 group were 29 (15.8%), 60 (32.8%), 94 (51.4%), respectively. High SIS was associated with older age (p = 0.008), brainstem involvement of tumors (p = 0.039), and adverse OS (p < 0.001). Importantly, multivariate Cox analysis showed that high SIS independently predicts adverse OS. Furthermore, the nomogram based on SIS and clinical variables showed eligible performance for OS prediction in both training and validation cohorts. Conclusions The SIS is a promising, simple prognostic biomarker, and the SIS-based nomogram serves as a potential risk stratification tool for outcome in skull base chordoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwei Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Xiong
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutao Shen
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yazhuo Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tu K, Lee S, Roy S, Sawant A, Shukla H. Dysregulated Epigenetics of Chordoma: Prognostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:678-690. [PMID: 35440334 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220419122716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chordoma is a rare, slow-growing sarcoma that is locally aggressive, and typically resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapies. Despite its low incidence, chordoma remains a clinical challenge because therapeutic options for chordoma are limited, and little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in resistance to therapies. Furthermore, there are currently no established predictive or prognostic biomarkers to follow disease progression or treatment. Whole-genome sequencing of chordoma tissues has demonstrated a low-frequency mutation rate compared to other cancers. This has generated interest in the role of epigenetic events in chordoma pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the epigenetic drivers of chordoma and their potential applications in prognosis and the development of new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tu
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland school of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sang Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Sanjit Roy
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland school of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amit Sawant
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland school of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hem Shukla
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland school of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang J, Dai Z, Yan C, Wang D, Tang D. Blocking antibody-mediated phosphatidylserine enhances cancer immunotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3639-3651. [PMID: 34499223 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a major breakthrough in tumor therapy and has been used in monotherapy or combination therapy. However, it has been associated with poor immune tolerance in some patients or immune-related adverse events. Therefore, ideal and reliable tumor elimination strategies are urgently needed to overcome these shortcomings. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a negatively charged phospholipid, usually present in the inner lobules of eukaryotic cell membranes. Under certain physiological or pathological conditions, PS may be exposed on the outer leaflets of apoptotic cells serving as recognition signals by phagocytes and modulating the immune response. On the contrary, increased exposure of PS in the tumor microenvironment can significantly antagonize the body's anti-tumor immunity, thereby promoting tumor growth and metastasis. During radiotherapy and chemotherapy, PS-mediated immunosuppression increases the PS levels in necrotic tissue in the tumor microenvironment, further suppressing tumor immunity. PS-targeted therapy is a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. It inhibits tumor growth and improves the anti-tumor activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of PS-targeted therapy opens up a new perspective for future cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhujiang Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Genes Predicting Survival of Chordoma Patients. World Neurosurg 2021; 156:125-132. [PMID: 34530149 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chordoma is a slow-growing, invasive neoplasm in the neuraxis that is thought to arise from notochordal cells. At 10-year follow-up, the average survival rate is 50%, though individual prognosis varies substantially. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the genes and proteins expressed in these tumors and their prognostic value to facilitate prognostication for patients with chordoma. METHODS A systematic search of clinical studies that investigated expressed factors related to chordoma survival was performed in PubMed. Data extracted included RNA and protein expression data and prognostic value (in terms of overall survival, progression-free survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence-free survival) from univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS This review included 78 original studies that collectively evaluated 134 expressed factors. Of these molecular factors, 96 by univariate analysis and 32 by multivariate analysis had a predictive value for patient survival. Of the molecular factors studied in multivariate analyses, 26 factors had a negative effect while 6 had a positive effect on patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Identification of molecular factors that are associated with survival contributes to better prognostication of patients with chordoma. Given the rarity of chordoma, often only univariate analyses can be performed. Robust multivariate analyses are scarcer but provide independently significant prognostic factors. The data presented in this review can aid in prognostication for the individual patient and facilitate the development of targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Moon J, Oh YM, Ha SJ. Perspectives on immune checkpoint ligands: expression, regulation, and clinical implications. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 34078531 PMCID: PMC8411045 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.8.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint ligands (ICLs) must be expressed in order to trigger the inhibitory signal via immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs). Although ICL expression frequently occurs in a manner intrinsic to tumor cells, extrinsic factors derived from the tumor microenvironment can fine-tune ICL expression by tumor cells or prompt non-tumor cells, including immune cells. Considering the extensive interaction between T cells and other immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, ICL expression on immune cells can be as significant as that of ICLs on tumor cells in promoting anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we introduce various regulators known to induce or suppress ICL expression in either tumor cells or immune cells, and concise mechanisms relevant to their induction. Finally, we focus on the clinical significance of understanding the mechanisms of ICLs for an optimized immunotherapy for individual cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yoo Min Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 (BK21) FOUR Program, Yonsei Education & Research Center for Biosystems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liang M, Gong D, Wang L, Liang X, Meng J, Huang W, Zhou J. PAX5 haploinsufficiency induced CD8+ T cells dysfunction or exhaustion by high expression of immune inhibitory-related molecules. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100437. [PMID: 34425470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PAX5 haploinsufficiency promoting tumorigenesis is related to immune escape. But the mechanisms of PAX5 mutations inducing tumor immune escape have not been clarified. Our aim was to study how PAX5 haploinsufficiency influences effector CD8 + T cells in tumor microenvironment. METHODS We estimated the proportions of 22 immune cell types and the expressions of immune inhibitory-related molecules based on gene expression profiles (GEPs) from children's B- acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL) with PAX5 mutations by CIBERSORT, an established algorithm. We constructed the PAX5 haplodeletion A20 cell lines, built allografted A20 tumor models and evaluated the effect of PAX5 haplodeletion on immune inhibitory-related molecules in the tumor microenvironment (TME). RESULTS Our results indicated the percentages of T cells in bone marrow of children's B-ALL with PAX5 mutations were not statistically different from that in bone marrow of B-ALL without PAX5 mutations, except for T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. But a variety of up-regulated immune inhibitory-related molecules in bone marrow of children's B- ALL with PAX5 mutations were identified. By different approaches, we found that several immune inhibitory-related molecules of CD8+ T cells in TME of PAX5 haplodeletion clones such as TIM3, NR4A1 and BATF, were increased significantly compared with that of PAX5 wild type control. The IFN-ɤ of CD8+ T cells in TME of PAX5 haplodeletion tumors was decreased significantly compared with that of PAX5 wild type control. CONCLUSION Our study showed that PAX5 haploinsufficiency induced CD8+ T cells dysfunction or exhaustion by high expression of TIM3, NR4A1 and BATF in the CD8+ T cells of TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Duanhao Gong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China.
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Traylor JI, Pernik MN, Plitt AR, Lim M, Garzon-Muvdi T. Immunotherapy for Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma: Current Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2408. [PMID: 34067530 PMCID: PMC8156915 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas and chondrosarcomas are rare but devastating neoplasms that are characterized by chemoradiation resistance. For both tumors, surgical resection is the cornerstone of management. Immunotherapy agents are increasingly improving outcomes in multiple cancer subtypes and are being explored in chordoma and chondrosarcoma alike. In chordoma, brachyury has been identified as a prominent biomarker and potential molecular immunotherapy target as well as PD-1 inhibition. While studies on immunotherapy in chondrosarcoma are sparse, there is emerging evidence and ongoing clinical trials for PD-1 as well as IDH inhibitors. This review highlights potential biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy in chordoma and chondrosarcoma, as well as current clinical evidence and ongoing trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I. Traylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (J.I.T.); (M.N.P.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Mark N. Pernik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (J.I.T.); (M.N.P.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Aaron R. Plitt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (J.I.T.); (M.N.P.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (J.I.T.); (M.N.P.); (A.R.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zang K, Hui L, Wang M, Huang Y, Zhu X, Yao B. TIM-3 as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Malignant Tumors: A Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Validation. Front Oncol 2021; 11:579351. [PMID: 33692946 PMCID: PMC7938756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.579351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a novel immune checkpoint molecular, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (TIM-3) is emerging as a therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. However, the predictive role of TIM-3 in cancer remains largely undetermined. This study was designed to investigate the role of TIM-3 in cancer. Methods Publications were searched using multiple databases. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. To further confirm the prognostic effect of TIM-3, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were applied. Functional analysis of TIM-3 was also investigated. Results 28 studies with 7284 patients with malignant tumors were identified. Based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, TIM-3 was an independent prognostic indicator for poor overall survival (OS) (HR= 1.54, 95% CI = 1.19-1.98, P = 0.001). However, TIM-3 was not correlated with cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival (DFS). Particularly, TIM-3 showed a worse prognosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma and gastric cancer; but it showed a favorable prognosis in breast cancer. Functional analysis showed that TIM-3 was closely correlated with immune responses such as T-cell activation and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, TIM-3 expression was found to be related to worse OS in 9491 TCGA patients (HR = 1.2, P < 0.001), but was not associated with DFS. Conclusions TIM-3 was an independent prognostic factor. Meanwhile, TIM-3 played a crucial role in tumor immune responses. This supports TIM-3 as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Liangliang Hui
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Xingxing Zhu
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Department of ICU, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Belsky MA, Corredera E, Banerjee H, Moore J, Wang L, Kane LP, Lee SE. Association of Mast Cell Burden and TIM-3 Expression with Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2021; 130:1069-1077. [PMID: 33576238 DOI: 10.1177/0003489421995038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous work showed that higher polyp mast cell load correlated with worse postoperative endoscopic appearance in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Polyp epithelial mast cells showed increased expression of T-cell/transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein 3 (TIM-3), a receptor that promotes mast cell activation and cytokine production. In this study, CRSwNP patients were followed post-operatively to investigate whether mast cell burden or TIM-3 expression among mast cells can predict recalcitrant disease. METHODS Nasal polyp specimens were obtained via functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and separated into epithelial and stromal layers via enzymatic digestion. Mast cells and TIM-3-expressing mast cells were identified via flow cytometry. Mann-Whitney U tests and Cox proportional hazard models assessed whether mast cell burden and TIM-3 expression were associated with clinical outcomes, including earlier recurrence of polypoid edema and need for treatment with steroids. RESULTS Twenty-three patients with CRSwNP were studied and followed for 6 months after undergoing FESS. Higher mast cell levels were associated with earlier recurrence of polypoid edema: epithelial HR = 1.283 (P = .02), stromal HR = 1.103 (P = .02). Percent of mast cells expressing TIM-3 in epithelial or stromal layers was not significantly associated with earlier recurrence of polypoid edema. Mast cell burden and TIM-3+ expression were not significantly associated with need for future treatment with steroids post-FESS. CONCLUSIONS Mast cell load in polyp epithelium and stroma may predict a more refractory postoperative course for CRSwNP patients. The role of TIM-3 in the chronic inflammatory state seen in CRSwNP remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Belsky
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erica Corredera
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hridesh Banerjee
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stella E Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang W, Yan YG, Wang WJ, Ouyang ZH, Li XL, Zhang TL, Wang XB, Wang B, Lv GH, Li J, Zou MX. Development and Validation of a 6-miRNA Prognostic Signature in Spinal Chordoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:556902. [PMID: 33194623 PMCID: PMC7656123 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.556902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published data have suggested a critical role for microRNA (miRNA) expression in chordoma progression. However, most of these studies focus on single miRNA and no multi-miRNA prognostic signature has been currently established for chordoma. In this study, we sought to develop and validate a 6-miRNA risk score (miRscore) model for survival prediction. METHODS Medline, Embase, and Google scholar searches (from inception to July 20, 2018) were conducted to identify candidate miRNAs with prognostic value as per predefined criteria. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure miRNA levels in 114 spinal chordoma (54 in the training and 60 in the validation cohort) and 20 control specimens. Subsequently, the miRscore was built based on miRNAs data. RESULTS Literature searches identified six prognostic miRNAs (miR-574-3p, miR-1237-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-1, miR-155, and miR-1290) with differential expression in tumor tissues. Bioinformatical analysis revealed an important regulatory role for miR-574-3p/EGFR signaling in chordoma and showed that the target genes of these prognostic miRNAs were mainly enriched in transcription regulation, protein binding and cancer-related pathways. In both cohorts, the miRscore was associated with surrounding muscle invasion by tumor and/or other aggressive features. The miRscore model well predicted local recurrence-free survival and overall survival, which remained after adjusting for other relevant covariates. Further time-dependent receiver operating characteristics analysis in the two cohorts found that the miRscore classifier had stronger prognostic power than known clinical predictors and improved the ability of Enneking staging to predict outcomes. Importantly, recursive-partitioning analysis of both samples combined separated patients into four prognostically distinct risk subgroups for recurrence and survival (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest the miRscore as a useful prognostic stratification tool in spinal chordoma and may represent an important step toward future personalized treatment of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi-Guo Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Ouyang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xue-Lin Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Tao-Lan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Xiao-Bin Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Hua Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lin B, Du L, Li H, Zhu X, Cui L, Li X. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: Warriors fight against tumors powerfully. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110873. [PMID: 33068926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor tissues. After isolation, screening and amplification in vitro, they will be implanted into patients and play a specific killing effect on tumors. Since TILs have not been genetically modified and come from the body of patients, there will be relatively few adverse reactions. This is also the advantage of TIL treatment. In recent years, its curative effect on solid tumors began to show its sharpness. However, due to the limitations of the immune microenvironment and the mutation of antigens, TIL's development was slowed down. This article reviews the research progress, biological characteristics, preparation and methods of enhancing the therapeutic effect of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, their roles in different tumors and prognosis, and emphasizes the important value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in anti-tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baisheng Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
| | - Likun Du
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bauer M, Vaxevanis C, Heimer N, Al-Ali HK, Jaekel N, Bachmann M, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B. Expression, Regulation and Function of microRNA as Important Players in the Transition of MDS to Secondary AML and Their Cross Talk to RNA-Binding Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197140. [PMID: 32992663 PMCID: PMC7582632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), heterogeneous diseases of hematopoietic stem cells, exhibit a significant risk of progression to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) that are typically accompanied by MDS-related changes and therefore significantly differ to de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Within these disorders, the spectrum of cytogenetic alterations and oncogenic mutations, the extent of a predisposing defective osteohematopoietic niche, and the irregularity of the tumor microenvironment is highly diverse. However, the exact underlying pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in hematopoietic failure in patients with MDS and sAML remain elusive. There is recent evidence that the post-transcriptional control of gene expression mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs, and/or RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key components in the pathogenic events of both diseases. In addition, an interplay between RBPs and miRNAs has been postulated in MDS and sAML. Although a plethora of miRNAs is aberrantly expressed in MDS and sAML, their expression pattern significantly depends on the cell type and on the molecular make-up of the sample, including chromosomal alterations and single nucleotide polymorphisms, which also reflects their role in disease progression and prediction. Decreased expression levels of miRNAs or RBPs preventing the maturation or inhibiting translation of genes involved in pathogenesis of both diseases were found. Therefore, this review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the heterogeneity of expression, function, and clinical relevance of miRNAs, its link to molecular abnormalities in MDS and sAML with specific focus on the interplay with RBPs, and the current treatment options. This information might improve the use of miRNAs and/or RBPs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for both malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Christoforos Vaxevanis
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06112, Germany; (C.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Nadine Heimer
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06112, Germany; (C.V.); (N.H.)
| | - Haifa Kathrin Al-Ali
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Halle, 06112 Halle, Germany; (H.K.A.-A.); (N.J.)
| | - Nadja Jaekel
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Halle, 06112 Halle, Germany; (H.K.A.-A.); (N.J.)
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle, Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06112, Germany; (C.V.); (N.H.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-4054
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Qin S, Dong B, Yi M, Chu Q, Wu K. Prognostic Values of TIM-3 Expression in Patients With Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis and Database Evaluation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1288. [PMID: 32850398 PMCID: PMC7417611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing molecule-3 (TIM-3), a novel emerging immune checkpoint molecule, was reported to express both on various kinds of immune cells and tumor cells. Many previous studies have investigated the prognostic significance of TIM-3 in cancer. However, the sample number from single study was limited and results remained controversial. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for publications concerning TIM-3 expression in solid cancers up to March 2020. The correlations between TIM-3 and survival as well as clinical-pathological features were analyzed. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by either fixed or random effects models. Results: A total of 3,072 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The result suggested that TIM-3 protein overexpression was relevant to poor overall survival (HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.39–2.15, P < 0.001). Moreover, TIM-3 was shown to be connected with lymph node metastasis (N+ vs. N-, OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.10–2.29, P = 0.013), tumor grade (G2-3 vs. G1, OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.21–2.34, P = 0.002), as well as PD-1 expression (PD-1high vs. PD-1low, OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 2.20–4.82, P < 0.001). In database test, significant correlations between high TIM-3 mRNA expression and poor overall survival for patients with non-small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer were observed (HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.23–1.72, P < 0.001; HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.12–1.77, P = 0.0038). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis highlights that TIM-3 has the potential to serve as a prognostic marker and a valuable therapeutic target in solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Dong
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hoffman SE, Al Abdulmohsen SA, Gupta S, Hauser BM, Meredith DM, Dunn IF, Bi WL. Translational Windows in Chordoma: A Target Appraisal. Front Neurol 2020; 11:657. [PMID: 32733369 PMCID: PMC7360834 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare tumors that are notoriously refractory to chemotherapy and radiotherapy when radical surgical resection is not achieved or upon recurrence after maximally aggressive treatment. The study of chordomas has been complicated by small patient cohorts and few available model systems due to the rarity of these tumors. Emerging next-generation sequencing technologies have broadened understanding of this disease by implicating novel pathways for possible targeted therapy. Mutations in cell-cycle regulation and chromatin remodeling genes have been identified in chordomas, but their significance remains unknown. Investigation of the immune microenvironment of these tumors suggests that checkpoint protein expression may influence prognosis, and adjuvant immunotherapy may improve patient outcome. Finally, growing evidence supports aberrant growth factor signaling as potential pathogenic mechanisms in chordoma. In this review, we characterize the impact on treatment opportunities offered by the genomic and immunologic landscape of this tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Hoffman
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sally A Al Abdulmohsen
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Saksham Gupta
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Blake M Hauser
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David M Meredith
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ian F Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu W, Qi F, Jiao R, Zheng L, Zhang Y, Hou D, Liu Y, Kang Z. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of high expression of
TIM
‐3 in different cancer types: A meta‐analysis. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Xu
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of UrologyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Ruidi Jiao
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan Province China
| | - Lizhuan Zheng
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Yinghao Zhang
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Donghai Hou
- Department of SurgeryPeople's Hospital of Xinzheng Xinzheng China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Zhengjun Kang
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jiang Y, Zhou J, Zhao J, Hou D, Zhang H, Li L, Zou D, Hu J, Zhang Y, Jing Z. MiR-18a-downregulated RORA inhibits the proliferation and tumorigenesis of glioma using the TNF-α-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. EBioMedicine 2020; 52:102651. [PMID: 32062354 PMCID: PMC7016377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma has a poor prognosis, and is the most common primary and lethal primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor A (RORA) is a member of the ROR subfamily of orphan receptors and plays an anti-tumor role in several cancers. METHODS A cell viability assay, the Edu assay, neurosphere formation assay, and xenograft experiments were used to detect the proliferative abilities of glioma cell line, glioma stem cells (GSCs). Western blotting, ELISAs, and luciferase reporter assays were used to detect the presence of possible microRNAs. FINDINGS Our study found for the first time that RORA was expressed at low levels in gliomas, and was associated with a good prognosis. RORA overexpression inhibited the proliferation and tumorigenesis of glioma cell lines and GSCs via inhibiting the TNF-α mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, microRNA-18a had a promoting effect on gliomas, and was the possible reason for low RORA expression in gliomas. INTERPRETATION RORA may be a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Junshuang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Dianqi Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- International Education College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, No. 79 Chongshan East Road, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Zou
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiangfeng Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhitao Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zou M, Pan Y, Huang W, Zhang T, Escobar D, Wang X, Jiang Y, She X, Lv G, Li J. A four-factor immune risk score signature predicts the clinical outcome of patients with spinal chordoma. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:224-237. [PMID: 32508056 PMCID: PMC7240847 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the measurement of immune cells in previous studies is usually subjective, and no immune-based prognostic model has been established for chordoma. In this study, we sought to simultaneously measure tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subtypes in chordoma samples using an objective method and develop an immune risk score (IRS) model for survival prediction. METHODS Multiplexed quantitative immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the TIL levels in the tumoral and stromal subareas of 114 spinal chordoma specimens (54 in the training and 60 in the validation cohort) for programmed death-1 (PD-1), CD3, CD8, CD20 (where CD is cluster of differentiation), and FOXP3. Flow cytometry was performed to validate the immunofluorescence assay for lymphocyte measurement on an additional five fresh chordoma specimens. Subsequently, the IRS model was built using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression method. RESULTS Flow cytometry and quantitative immunofluorescence showed similar lymphocytic percentages and TIL subpopulation proportions in the fresh tumor specimens. With the training data, the LASSO model identified four immune features for IRS construction: tumoral FOXP3, tumoral PD-1, stromal FOXP3, and stromal CD8. In both cohorts, a high IRS was significantly associated with tumoral programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 expression, Enneking inappropriate tumor resection, and surrounding muscle invasion by tumor. Multivariate Cox regression and stratified analysis in the two cohorts revealed that the IRS was an independent predictor and could effectively separate patients with similar Enneking staging into different risk subgroups, with significantly different survival rates. Further receiver operating characteristic analysis found that the IRS classifier had a better prognostic value than the traditional clinicopathological factors and compensated for the deficiency of Enneking staging for outcome prediction. More importantly, a nomogram based on the IRS and clinical predictors showed adequate performance in estimating disease recurrence and survival of patients. CONCLUSIONS These data support the use of the IRS signature as a reliable prognostic tool in spinal chordoma and may facilitate individualized therapy decision making for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Xiang Zou
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Precision MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Tao‐Lan Zhang
- Department of Cancer BiologyCollege of Medicine & Life SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOhio
| | - David Escobar
- Department of Cancer BiologyCollege of Medicine & Life SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOhio
| | - Xiao‐Bin Wang
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of PathologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiao‐Ling She
- Department of PathologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Guo‐Hua Lv
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Spine SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| |
Collapse
|