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Sun Q, Jin C. Cell signaling and epigenetic regulation of nicotine-induced carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123426. [PMID: 38295934 PMCID: PMC10939829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine, a naturally occurring tobacco alkaloid responsible for tobacco addiction, has long been considered non-carcinogenic. However, emerging evidence suggests that nicotine may possess carcinogenic properties in mice and could be a potential carcinogen in humans. This review aims to summarize the potential molecular mechanisms underlying nicotine-induced carcinogenesis, with a specific focus on epigenetic regulation and the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in addition to genotoxicity and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, we explore a novel hypothesis regarding nicotine's carcinogenicity involving the downregulation of stem-loop binding protein (SLBP), a critical regulator of canonical histone mRNA, and the polyadenylation of canonical histone mRNA. By shedding light on these mechanisms, this review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the carcinogenic potential of nicotine and its implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110013, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Agarwal D, Paul S, Lele P, Piprode V, Kawade A, Hajela N, Bavdekar A, Parulekar V, Ginde M, Paranjape G, Matsuda K, Hori T, Juvekar S, Lal G. Changes in immunological parameters by ageing in rural healthy Indian adults and their associations with sex and lifestyle. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15012. [PMID: 36056136 PMCID: PMC9438881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several factors including sex and lifestyle have been reported to contribute to the age-related alteration of immune functions. The study was undertaken to determine age-related differences in the proportion of peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes in the Indian population using blood samples from 67 healthy adults (33 females and 34 males) aged between 20 and 80 years old. In the linear regression analysis to estimate the relationship with age categories, there was a significant increase in the frequency of natural killer cells with ageing, while their cytolytic activity significantly declined. The frequency of CD4+ T cells increased with age, whereas that of CD8+ T cells decreased, resulting in the age-associated increase of the CD4/CD8 ratio. The subsets of B cells did not show any significant relationship with age. Although there were variations between the male and female subgroups in effect size of ageing, the trends were in the same direction in all the parameters. Reduced fat intake was associated with a lower frequency of CD4+ T cells, and higher serum cotinine level was associated with a higher CD4/CD8 ratio. The results indicate that cellular immunity in the Indian population is affected by ageing, while humoral immunity is less susceptible to ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Agarwal
- KEM Hospital Research Centre, Vadu Rural Health Program, Pune, Maharashtra, 412216, India
| | - Sourav Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Pallavi Lele
- KEM Hospital Research Centre, Vadu Rural Health Program, Pune, Maharashtra, 412216, India
| | - Vikrant Piprode
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Anand Kawade
- KEM Hospital Research Centre, Vadu Rural Health Program, Pune, Maharashtra, 412216, India
| | - Neerja Hajela
- Yakult Danone India Pvt. Ltd., 212, Ground Floor, Okhla Industrial Estate Phase-III, New Delhi, Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Ashish Bavdekar
- Paediatrics Department, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, 411011, India
| | - Varsha Parulekar
- DiagnoSearch Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 702, Dosti Pinnacle Plot No. E-7, Road No. 22 Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane, Maharashtra, 400604, India
| | - Manisha Ginde
- DiagnoSearch Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 702, Dosti Pinnacle Plot No. E-7, Road No. 22 Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane, Maharashtra, 400604, India
| | - Gandhali Paranjape
- DiagnoSearch Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., 702, Dosti Pinnacle Plot No. E-7, Road No. 22 Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane, Maharashtra, 400604, India
| | - Kazunori Matsuda
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-Shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Hori
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-Shi, Tokyo, 186-8650, Japan
| | - Sanjay Juvekar
- KEM Hospital Research Centre, Vadu Rural Health Program, Pune, Maharashtra, 412216, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
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Liu Y, Zhao S, Wang J, Zhu Z, Luo L, Xiang Q, Zhou M, Ma Y, Wang Z, Zhao Z. MiR-629-5p Promotes Prostate Cancer Development and Metastasis by Targeting AKAP13. Front Oncol 2021; 11:754353. [PMID: 34722307 PMCID: PMC8554144 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.754353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has become the most frequently occurring cancer among western men according to the latest report, and patients’ prognosis is often poor in the event of tumor progression, therefore, many researches are devoted to exploring the molecular mechanism of PCa metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have proved to play an important role in this process. In present study, by combining clinical samples with public databases, we found that miR-629-5p increased to varying degrees in primary localized PCa tissues and metastatic PCa tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and bioinformatics analysis suggested that high level of miR-629-5p was related to poor prognosis. Functionally, miR-629-5p drove PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and promoted growth of PCa cells in vivo. Moreover, A-kinase Anchor Protein 13 (AKAP13) was screened as a direct target of miR-629-5p, that expression was negatively correlated with the malignant phenotype of tumor cells. In the end, through verification in clinical specimens, we found that AKAP13 could be independently used as a clinical prognostic indicator. Overall, the present study indicates that miR-629-5p plays an oncogenic role in PCa by targeting AKAP13, which provides a new idea for clinical diagnosis and treatment of complex refractory PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhou Liu
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lianmin Luo
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingda Zhou
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuomin Wang
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Urology & Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Irradiation Mediates IFNα and CXCL9 Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer to Stimulate CD8 + T Cells Activity and Migration toward Tumors. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101349. [PMID: 34680466 PMCID: PMC8533192 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation-broken DNA fragments increase type I interferon and chemokines secretion in tumor cells. Since radiotherapy may augment tumor immunotherapy, we hypothesize that the chemokines increased by irradiation could recruit CD8+ T cells to suppress tumor proliferation. This study intended to unveil the secreted factors activating and recruiting CD8+ T cells in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR-positive A549 was selected and treated by X-irradiation (IR) to identify the overexpression of chemokines associated to CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity and recruitment. A transwell assay with Alexa 488-labeled CD8+ T cells was used to evaluate CD8+ T cell motility in vitro. A nuclear imaging platform by In111-labeled nivolumab was used to track CD8+ T cells homing to tumors in vivo. The activation markers GZMB, PRF-1, and IFNγ, migration marker CD183 (CXCR3), and inhibitory marker CD274 (PD-1), were measured and compared in CD8+ T cells with A549 co-cultured, chemokines treated, and patients with late-stage lung cancer. We found that IR not only suppressed A549 proliferation but also induced IFNα and CXCL9 expression (p < 0.05). IFNα majorly increased IFNγ levels in CD8+ T cells (p < 0.05) and synergistically with CXCL9 enhanced CD8+ T cell migration in vitro (p < 0.05). We found that CXCR3 and PD-1 were down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively, in the peripheral blood CD8+ T cells in patients with lung cancer (n = 4 vs. healthy n = 3, both p < 0.05), which exhibited reduction of cell motility (p < 0.05). The in vivo nuclear imaging data indicated highly CD8+ T cells migrated to A549-induced tumors. In addition, we demonstrated that healthy PBMCs significantly suppressed the parallel tumor growth (p < 0.05) and the radioresistant tumor growth in the tumor xenograft mice (p < 0.05), but PBMCs from patients with lung cancer had lost the anti-tumor capacity. We demonstrated that IR induced IFNα and CXCL9 expression in A549 cells, leading to CD8+ T cell migration. This study unveiled a potential mechanism for radiotherapy to activate and recruit CD8+ T cells to suppress lung tumors.
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Wang CI, Chang YF, Sie ZL, Ho AS, Chang JS, Peng CL, Cheng CC. Irradiation Suppresses IFNγ-Mediated PD-L1 and MCL1 Expression in EGFR-Positive Lung Cancer to Augment CD8 + T Cells Cytotoxicity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102515. [PMID: 34685495 PMCID: PMC8533912 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells express immune checkpoints to exhaust CD8+ T cells. Irradiation damages tumor cells and augments tumor immunotherapy in clinical applications. However, the radiotherapy-mediated molecular mechanism affecting CD8+ T cell activity remains elusive. We aimed to uncover the mechanism of radiotherapy augmenting cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR-positive NSCLC cell lines were co-cultured with CD8+ T cells from healthy volunteers. Tumor cell viability and apoptosis were consequently measured. IFNγ was identified secreted by CD8+ T cells and PBMCs. Therefore, RNAseq was used to screen the IFNγ-mediated gene expression in A549 cells. The irradiation effect to IFNγ-mediated gene expression was investigated using qPCR and western blots. We found that the co-culture of tumor cells stimulated the increase of granzyme B and IFNγ in CD8+ T, but A549 exhibited resistance against CD8+ T cytotoxicity compared to HCC827. Irradiation inhibited A549 proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, augmenting PBMCs-mediated cytotoxicity against A549. We found that IFNγ simultaneously increased phosphorylation on STAT1 and STAT3 in EGFR-positive lung cancer, resulting in overexpression of PD-L1 (p < 0.05). In RNAseq analysis, MCL1 was identified and increased by the IFNγ-STAT3 axis (p < 0.05). We demonstrated that irradiation specifically inhibited phosphorylation on STAT1 and STAT3 in IFNγ-treated A549, resulting in reductions of PD-L1 and MCL1 (both p < 0.05). Moreover, knockdowns of STAT3 and MCL1 increased the PBMCs-mediated anti-A549 effect. This study demonstrated that A549 expressed MCL1 to resist CD8+ T cell-mediated tumor apoptosis. In addition, we found that irradiation suppressed IFNγ-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation and PD-L1 and MCL1 expression, revealing a potential mechanism of radiotherapy augmenting immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-I. Wang
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (C.-I.W.); (Z.-L.S.)
| | - Yi-Fang Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan;
- Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Lin Sie
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (C.-I.W.); (Z.-L.S.)
| | - Ai-Sheng Ho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Shan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Chia Cheng
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan; (C.-I.W.); (Z.-L.S.)
- Correspondence:
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