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Wu Y, Chen D, Gao Y, Xu Q, Zhou Y, Ni Z, Na M. Immunosuppressive regulatory cells in cancer immunotherapy: restrain or modulate? Hum Cell 2024; 37:931-943. [PMID: 38814516 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01083-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive regulatory cells (IRCs) play important roles in negatively regulating immune response, and are mainly divided into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Large numbers of preclinical and clinical studies have shown that inhibition or reduction of IRCs could effectively elevate antitumor immune responses. However, several studies also reported that excessive inhibition of IRCs function is one of the main reasons causing the side effects of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, the reasonable regulation of IRCs is crucial for improving the safety and efficiency of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarised the recent research advances in the cancer immunotherapy by regulating the proportion of IRCs, and discussed the roles of IRCs in regulating tumour immune evasion and drug resistance to immunotherapies. Furthermore, we also discussed how to balance the potential opportunities and challenges of using IRCs to improve the safety of cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 210031, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Qinggang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Manli Na
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 210031, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Fabros D, Charerntantanakul W. Type I and II interferons, transcription factors and major histocompatibility complexes were enhanced by knocking down the PRRSV-induced transforming growth factor beta in monocytes co-cultured with peripheral blood lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1308330. [PMID: 38510257 PMCID: PMC10950996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1308330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection are known to be poor. This study investigates the impact of PRRSV-induced transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) on the expressions of type I and II interferons (IFNs), transcription factors, major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines in PRRSV-infected co-cultures of monocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS ODN) specific to the AUG region of porcine TGFβ1 mRNA was synthesized and successfully knocked down TGFβ1 mRNA expression and protein translation. Monocytes transfected with TGFβAS1 ODN, then simultaneously co-cultured with PBL and inoculated with either classical PRRSV-2 (cPRRSV-2) or highly pathogenic PRRSV-2 (HP-PRRSV-2) showed a significant reduction in TGFβ1 mRNA expression and a significant increase in the mRNA expressions of IFNα, IFNγ, MHC-I, MHC-II, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), and STAT2. Additionally, transfection of TGFβAS1 ODN in the monocyte and PBL co-culture inoculated with cPRRSV-2 significantly increased the mRNA expression of interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40). PRRSV-2 RNA copy numbers were significantly reduced in monocytes and PBL co-culture transfected with TGFβAS1 ODN compared to the untransfected control. The yields of PRRSV-2 RNA copy numbers in PRRSV-2-inoculated monocytes and PBL co-culture were sustained and reduced by porcine TGFβ1 (rTGFβ1) and recombinant porcine IFNα (rIFNα), respectively. These findings highlight the strategy employed by PRRSV to suppress the innate immune response through the induction of TGFβ expression. The inclusion of TGFβ as a parameter for future PRRSV vaccine and vaccine adjuvant candidates is recommended.
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Jou E, Chaudhury N, Nasim F. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cell immunosuppressive mechanisms for cancer treatment. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:187-207. [PMID: 38464388 PMCID: PMC10918238 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death globally superseded only by cardiovascular diseases, and novel strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance against existing cancer treatments are urgently required. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells with potent immunosuppressive capacity against well-established anti-tumour effectors such as natural killer cells (NK cells) and T cells thereby promoting cancer initiation and progression. Critically, MDSCs are readily identified in almost all tumour types and human cancer patients, and numerous studies in the past decade have recognised their role in contributing to therapeutic resistance against all four pillars of modern cancer treatment, namely surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. MDSCs suppress anti-tumour immunity through a plethora of mechanisms including the well-characterised arginase 1 (Arg1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pathways, along with several other more recently discovered. MDSCs are largely absent in healthy homeostatic states and predominantly exist in pathological conditions, making them attractive therapeutic targets. However, the lack of specific markers identified for MDSCs to date greatly hindered therapeutic development, and currently there are no clinically approved drugs that specifically target MDSCs. Methods to deplete MDSCs clinically and inhibit their immunosuppressive function will be crucial in advancing cancer treatment and to overcome treatment resistance. This review provides a detailed overview of the current understandings behind the mechanisms of MDSC-mediated suppression of anti-tumour immunity, and discusses potential strategies to target MDSC immunosuppressive mechanisms to overcome therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jou
- Medical Sciences Division, Oxford University Hospitals, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
- Kellogg College, University of Oxford, OX2 6PN Oxford, UK
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, UK
| | - Natasha Chaudhury
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, UK
| | - Fizza Nasim
- Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, SL2 4HL Slough, UK
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4
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Alharbi KS. The ncRNA-TGF-β axis: Unveiling new frontiers in colorectal cancer research. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155138. [PMID: 38266458 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a substantial global challenge, necessitating a deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings governing its onset and progression. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) network has been a well-recognized cornerstone in advancing CRC. Nevertheless, a recent study has highlighted the growing importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in this context. This comprehensive review aims to present an extensive examination of the interaction between ncRNAs and TGF-signaling. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), encompassing circular RNAs (circRNAs), long-ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), have surfaced as pivotal modulators governing various aspects of TGF-β signaling. MiRNAs have been discovered to target elements within the TGF-β signaling, either enhancing or inhibiting signaling, depending on the context. LncRNAs have been associated with CRC progression, functioning as miRNA sponges or directly influencing TGF-β pathway elements. Even circRNAs, a relatively recent addition to the ncRNA family, have impacted CRC, affecting TGF-β signaling through diverse mechanisms. This review encompasses recent progress in comprehending specific ncRNAs involved in TGF-β signaling, their functional roles, and their clinical relevance in CRC. We investigate the possibility of ncRNAs as targets for detection, prognosis, and therapy. Additionally, we explore the interaction of TGF-β and other pathways in CRC and the role of ncRNAs within this intricate network. As we unveil the intricate regulatory function of ncRNAs in the TGF-β signaling in CRC, we gain valuable insights into the disease's pathogenesis. Incorporating these discoveries into clinical settings holds promise for more precise diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapeutic approaches, ultimately enhancing the care of CRC patients. This comprehensive review underscores the ever-evolving landscape of ncRNA research in CRC and the potential for novel interventions in the battle against this formidable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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Cirella A, Bolaños E, Luri-Rey C, Di Trani CA, Olivera I, Gomis G, Glez-Vaz J, Pinci B, Garasa S, Sánchez-Gregorio S, Azpilikueta A, Eguren-Santamaria I, Valencia K, Palencia B, Alvarez M, Ochoa MC, Teijeira Á, Berraondo P, Melero I. Intratumoral immunotherapy with mRNAs encoding chimeric protein constructs encompassing IL-12, CD137 agonists, and TGF-β antagonists. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:668-682. [PMID: 37650116 PMCID: PMC10462790 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Intratumoral immunotherapy strategies for cancer based on interleukin-12 (IL-12)-encoding cDNA and mRNA are under clinical development in combination with anti-PD-(L)1 monoclonal antibodies. To make the most of these approaches, we have constructed chimeric mRNAs encoding single-chain IL-12 fused to single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies that bind to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and CD137 (4-1BB). Several neutralizing TGF-β agents and CD137 agonists are also undergoing early-phase clinical trials. To attain TGF-β and CD137 binding by the constructions, we used bispecific tandem scFv antibodies (taFvs) derived from the specific 1D11 and 1D8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), respectively. Transfection of mRNAs encoding the chimeric constructs achieved functional expression of the proteins able to act on their targets. Upon mRNA intratumoral injections in the transplantable mouse cancer models CT26, MC38, and B16OVA, potent therapeutic effects were observed following repeated injections into the tumors. Efficacy was dependent on the number of CD8+ T cells able to recognize tumor antigens that infiltrated the malignant tissue. Although the abscopal effects on concomitant uninjected lesions were modest, such distant effects on untreated lesions were markedly increased when combined with systemic PD-1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Cirella
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elixabet Bolaños
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Luri-Rey
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Claudia Augusta Di Trani
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Olivera
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gomis
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Glez-Vaz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatrice Pinci
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saray Garasa
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Sánchez-Gregorio
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantza Azpilikueta
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Eguren-Santamaria
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karmele Valencia
- Program of Solid Tumors, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Palencia
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C. Ochoa
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 28027 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Del Cancer de La Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Nuffield Department of Medicine (NDM), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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Waldner MJ, Neurath MF. TGFβ and the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081139. [PMID: 37190048 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports an important role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Resident cells such as fibroblasts or immune cells infiltrating into the TME maintain continuous crosstalk with cancer cells and thereby regulate CRC progression. One of the most important molecules involved is the immunoregulatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). TGFβ is released by various cells in the TME, including macrophages and fibroblasts, and it modulates cancer cell growth, differentiation, and cell death. Mutations in components of the TGF pathway, including TGFβ receptor type 2 or SMAD4, are among the most frequently detected mutations in CRC and have been associated with the clinical course of disease. Within this review, we will discuss our current understanding about the role of TGFβ in the pathogenesis of CRC. This includes novel data on the molecular mechanisms of TGFβ signaling in TME, as well as possible strategies for CRC therapy targeting the TGFβ pathway, including potential combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian J Waldner
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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CD36 + cancer-associated fibroblasts provide immunosuppressive microenvironment for hepatocellular carcinoma via secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Cell Discov 2023; 9:25. [PMID: 36878933 PMCID: PMC9988869 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an immunotherapy-resistant malignancy characterized by high cellular heterogeneity. The diversity of cell types and the interplay between tumor and non-tumor cells remain to be clarified. Single cell RNA sequencing of human and mouse HCC tumors revealed heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF). Cross-species analysis determined the prominent CD36+ CAFs exhibited high-level lipid metabolism and expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Lineage-tracing assays showed CD36+CAFs were derived from hepatic stellate cells. Furthermore, CD36 mediated oxidized LDL uptake-dependent MIF expression via lipid peroxidation/p38/CEBPs axis in CD36+ CAFs, which recruited CD33+myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in MIF- and CD74-dependent manner. Co-implantation of CD36+ CAFs with HCC cells promotes HCC progression in vivo. Finally, CD36 inhibitor synergizes with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by restoring antitumor T-cell responses in HCC. Our work underscores the importance of elucidating the function of specific CAF subset in understanding the interplay between the tumor microenvironment and immune system.
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Fendl B, Berghoff AS, Preusser M, Maier B. Macrophage and monocyte subsets as new therapeutic targets in cancer immunotherapy. ESMO Open 2023; 8:100776. [PMID: 36731326 PMCID: PMC10024158 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of solid cancers dramatically turned the tables in clinical routine. However, therapy success is still limited with up to 70% of non-responders in patients with ICI treatment. Traditionally, most immunotherapy approaches aim at directly stimulating anti-tumor T cell responses. More recently, tumor-associated macrophages have come into focus due to their predominance in solid tumors. Intensive cross-talk with tumor cells and immune as well as stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment can drive either pro- or anti-tumorigenic macrophage phenotypes. In turn, tumor-associated macrophages strongly shape cytokine and metabolite levels in the tumor microenvironment and thus are central players in anti-tumor immunity. Thus, ambivalent macrophage populations exist which raises therapeutic possibilities to either enhance or diminish their functionality. However, molecular signals controlling tumor-associated macrophage polarization are incompletely understood. Gaining in-depth understanding of monocyte/macrophage properties both in circulation and within distinct tumor microenvironments would (i) allow the development of new therapeutic approaches, and (ii) could additionally aid our understanding of underlying mechanisms limiting current therapy with the option of combinatorial therapies to increase efficacy. In this review, we summarize recent data addressing heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophage populations and we discuss strategies to target macrophages using known molecular pathways with the potential for straight-forward clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fendl
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A S Berghoff
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Personalized Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Maier
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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Yang XC, Liu H, Liu DC, Tong C, Liang XW, Chen RH. Prognostic value of pan-immune-inflammation value in colorectal cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1036890. [PMID: 36620576 PMCID: PMC9813847 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1036890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) has been reported as a novel prognostic biomarker in multiple malignancies. The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of the PIV in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods We comprehensively searched electronic databases including PubMed, Embase and Web of Science up to August 2022. The endpoints were survival outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for survival data were collected for analysis. Results Six studies including 1879 participants were included. A significant heterogeneity in the PIV cut-off value among studies was observed. The combined results indicated that patients in the high baseline PIV group had a worse overall survival (HR=2.09; 95%CI: 1.67-2.61; P<0.0001; I2 = 7%) and progression-free survival (HR=1.82; 95%CI: 1.49-2.22; P<0.0001; I2 = 15%). In addition, early PIV increase after treatment initiation was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (HR=1.79; 95%CI: 1.13-2.93; P=0.01; I2 = 26%), and a trend toward poor progression-free survival (HR=2.00; 95%CI: 0.90-4.41; P=0.09; I2 = 70%). Conclusion Based on existing evidence, the PIV could act as a valuable prognostic index in patients with colorectal cancer. However, the heterogeneity in the PIV cut-off value among studies should be considered when interpreting these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chuan Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Central South University, Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Central South University, Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ding-Cheng Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Central South University, Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Central South University, Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xian-Wen Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China,*Correspondence: Xian-Wen Liang, ; Ri-Hui Chen,
| | - Ri-Hui Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Central South University, Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China,*Correspondence: Xian-Wen Liang, ; Ri-Hui Chen,
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10
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Atreya I, Neurath MF. How the Tumor Micromilieu Modulates the Recruitment and Activation of Colorectal Cancer-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112940. [PMID: 36428508 PMCID: PMC9687992 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful treatment of advanced colorectal cancer disease still represents an insufficiently solved clinical challenge, which is further complicated by the fact that the majority of malignant colon tumors show only relatively low immunogenicity and therefore have only limited responsiveness to immunotherapeutic approaches, such as, for instance, the use of checkpoint inhibitors. As it has been well established over the past two decades that the local tumor microenvironment and, in particular, the quantity, quality, and activation status of intratumoral immune cells critically influence the clinical prognosis of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and their individual benefits from immunotherapy, the enhancement of the intratumoral accumulation of cytolytic effector T lymphocytes and other cellular mediators of the antitumor immune response has emerged as a targeted objective. For the future identification and clinical validation of novel therapeutic target structures, it will thus be essential to further decipher the molecular mechanisms and cellular interactions in the intestinal tumor microenvironment, which are crucially involved in immune cell recruitment and activation. In this context, our review article aims at providing an overview of the key chemokines and cytokines whose presence in the tumor micromilieu relevantly modulates the numeric composition and antitumor capacity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8535204; Fax: +49-9131-8535209
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11
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Schenk EL, Boland JM, Withers SG, Bulur PA, Dietz AB. Tumor Microenvironment CD14 + Cells Correlate with Poor Overall Survival in Patients with Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184501. [PMID: 36139660 PMCID: PMC9496975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma have a high risk of recurrent or metastatic disease despite undergoing curative intent therapy. We hypothesized that increased CD14+ cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) could stratify patient outcomes. Immunohistochemistry for CD14 was performed on 189 specimens from patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent curative intent surgery. Outcomes and associations with clinical and pathologic variables were determined. In vitro studies utilized a coculture system to model the lung cancer TME containing CD14+ cells. Patients with high levels of TME CD14+ cells experienced a median overall survival of 5.5 years compared with 8.3 and 10.7 years for those with moderate or low CD14 levels, respectively (p < 0.001). Increased CD14+ cell tumor infiltration was associated with a higher stage at diagnosis and more positive lymph nodes at the time of surgery. This prognostic capacity remained even for patients with early-stage disease. Using an in vitro model system, we found that CD14+ cells reduced chemotherapy-induced cancer cell death. These data suggest that CD14+ cells are a biomarker for poor prognosis in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma and may promote tumor survival. CD14+ cell integration into the lung cancer TME can occur early in the disease and may be a promising new therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Schenk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Univeristy of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Boland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sarah G. Withers
- Human Cell Therapy Laboratory, Divisions of Transfusion Medicine and Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Peggy A. Bulur
- Human Cell Therapy Laboratory, Divisions of Transfusion Medicine and Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Allan B. Dietz
- Human Cell Therapy Laboratory, Divisions of Transfusion Medicine and Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence:
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Al-Mterin MA, Elkord E. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in colorectal cancer: prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:497-510. [PMID: 36081407 PMCID: PMC9448663 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of immature myeloid cells, which are expanded in most cancer patients. MDSCs suppress host immune responses, leading to cancer growth and progression. Several studies demonstrated that there was a relationship between levels of MDSCs and tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. MDSCs are now being investigated for their role as possible therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. This review summarizes available studies that investigated MDSC expansion in CRC patients, as well as their role in CRC tumorigenesis, prognosis, and targeting. Based on the available studies, there is a possible relationship between high levels of MDSCs and CRC progression. Additionally, targeting MDSCs in CRC patients selectively represents a significant challenge for the development of targeted treatments. Targeting of MDSCs could be exploited in different ways including MDSC depletion, inhibition of MDSC function and recruitment, and enhancing MDSC differentiation. Overall, MDSCs could be exploited as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman;Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, M5 4WT Manchester, UK
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Maneta E, Fultang L, Taylor J, Pugh M, Jenkinson W, Anderson G, Coomarasamy A, Kilby MD, Lissauer DM, Mussai F, De Santo C. G-CSF induces CD15 + CD14 + cells from granulocytes early in the physiological environment of pregnancy and the cancer immunosuppressive microenvironment. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1395. [PMID: 35602884 PMCID: PMC9114661 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is frequently administered to patients with cancer to enhance granulocyte recovery post-chemotherapy. Clinical trials have also used G-CSF to modulate myeloid cell function in pregnancy and inflammatory diseases. Although the contribution of G-CSF to expanding normal granulocytes is well known, the effect of this cytokine on the phenotype and function of immunosuppressive granulocytic cells remains unclear. Here, we investigate the impact of physiological and iatrogenic G-CSF on an as yet undescribed granulocyte phenotype and ensuing outcome on T cells in the settings of cancer and pregnancy. Methods Granulocytes from patients treated with recombinant G-CSF, patients with late-stage cancer and women enrolled on a trial of recombinant G-CSF were phenotyped by flow cytometry. The ability and mechanism of polarised granulocytes to suppress T-cell proliferation were assessed by cell proliferation assays, flow cytometry and ELISA. Results We observed that G-CSF leads to a significant upregulation of CD14 expression on CD15+ granulocytes. These CD15+CD14+ cells are identified in the blood of patients with patients undergoing neutrophil mobilisation with recombinant G-CSF, and physiologically in women early in pregnancy or in those treated as a part of a clinical trial. Immunohistochemistry of tumor tissue or placental tissue identified the expression of G-CSF. The G-CSF upregulates the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CD15+CD14+ cells leading to the suppression of T-cell proliferation. Conclusions G-CSF induces a population of ROS+ immunosuppressive CD15+CD14+ granulocytes. Strategies for how recombinant G-CSF can be scheduled to reduce effects on T-cell therapies should be developed in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehag Maneta
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Livingstone Fultang
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Jemma Taylor
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Matthew Pugh
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - William Jenkinson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Graham Anderson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Arri Coomarasamy
- Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Mark D Kilby
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK.,Fetal Medicine Centre Birmingham Women's & Children's Foundation Trust Edgbaston, Birmingham UK
| | - David M Lissauer
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK.,Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Blantyre Malawi
| | - Francis Mussai
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Carmela De Santo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
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