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Aguirre LE, Jain A, Ball S, Ali NA, Volpe VO, Tinsley-Vance S, Sallman D, Sweet K, Lancet J, Padron E, Yun S, Kuykendall A, Komrokji R. Triple-Negative Myelofibrosis: Disease Features, Response to Treatment and Outcomes. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2024; 24:459-467. [PMID: 38548563 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelofibrosis is the most aggressive subtype among classical BCR::ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. About 90% of cases are driven by constitutive activation of 1 of 3 genes impacting the JAK/STAT pathway: JAK2, CALR, and MPL. Triple-negative myelofibrosis (TN-MF) accounts for only 5%-10% of cases and carries the worst outcomes. Little has been described about this subset of disease. Given the marked heterogeneity surrounding disease biology, clonal architecture, clinical presentation, and poor outcomes in TN-MF, identification of features of interest and assessment of treatment response are areas in need of further investigation. PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected and evaluated baseline clinical and molecular parameters from 626 patients with a diagnosis of myelofibrosis who presented to the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa (Florida, US) between 2003 and 2021 and compared them based on presence or absence of the three classical phenotypic driver mutations. RESULTS A small proportion of patients (6%) harbored TN-MF which correlated with inferior outcomes, marked by a 4-year reduction in overall survival time compared to the non-TN cohort (mOS 37.4 months vs. 85.7 months; P = .009) and higher rates of leukemic transformation. More pronounced thrombocytopenia and anemia, lower LDH, EPO levels, as well as lower percentage of marrow blasts at baseline were more commonly seen in TN-MF (P < .05). Similarly, patients with TN-MF had higher risk disease per DIPSS+ and GIPSS. Mutations impacting RNA splicing, epigenetic modification and signaling, specifically SRSF2, SETBP1, IDH2, CBL, and GNAS, were more commonly seen among those lacking a classical phenotypic driver. The prevalence of co-mutant ASXL1/SRSF2 clones was significantly higher in TN-MF as was trisomy 8. TN patients had fewer responses (46.2% vs. 63.4%) and shorter duration of response to ruxolitinib. CONCLUSION TN-MF is invariably associated with significantly decreased survival and more aggressive clinical behavior with higher rates of leukemic transformation and shorter duration of response to ruxolitinib. Mutations impacting RNA splicing, epigenetic modification and signaling (SRSF2, SETBP1, IDH2, CBL, and GNAS) are more common in TN-MF, which likely drive its aggressive course and may account for suboptimal responses to JAK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Aguirre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Adult Leukemia Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Akriti Jain
- Leukemia and Myeloid Disorders Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Somedeb Ball
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Najla Al Ali
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Virginia O Volpe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Adult Leukemia Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sara Tinsley-Vance
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - David Sallman
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Kendra Sweet
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Jeffrey Lancet
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Eric Padron
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Seongseok Yun
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Andrew Kuykendall
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Rami Komrokji
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
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2
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Tharakan S, Mascarenhas J, Tremblay D. Understanding triple negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: pathogenesis, clinical features, and management. Leuk Lymphoma 2024; 65:158-167. [PMID: 38033130 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2277674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) that lack the classical "driver mutations," termed triple negative MPNs, remain a poorly understood entity. Despite considerable progress toward understanding MPN pathobiology, the mechanisms leading to the development of these MPNs remains inadequately elucidated. While triple negative primary myelofibrosis (TN-PMF) portends a poor prognosis, triple negative essential thrombocythemia (TN-ET) is more favorable as compared with JAK2 mutated ET. In this review, we summarize the clinical features and prognosis of TN-PMF and -ET as well as diagnostic challenges including identification of non-canonical driver mutations. We also discuss additional molecular drivers to better understand possible pathogenic mechanisms underlying triple negative MPNs. Finally, we highlight current therapeutic approaches as well as novel targets, particularly in the difficult to treat TN-PMF population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Tharakan
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - John Mascarenhas
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Douglas Tremblay
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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3
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Yin C, Li Y, Zhang C, Zang S, Wang Z, Yan X, Ma T, Li X, Li W. Sequential gene expression analysis of myelodysplastic syndrome transformation identifies HOXB3 and HOXB7 as the novel targets for mesenchymal cells in disease. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:111. [PMID: 38254070 PMCID: PMC10802074 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11859-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is known to arise through the pathogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) by interacting with hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). However, due to the strong heterogeneity of MDS patients, it is difficult to find common targets in studies with limited sample sizes. This study aimed to describe sequential molecular changes and identify biomarkers in MSC of MDS transformation. METHODS Multidimensional data from three publicly available microarray and TCGA datasets were analyzed. MDS-MSC was further isolated and cultured in vitro to determine the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of the identified biomarkers. RESULTS We demonstrated that normal MSCs presented greater molecular homogeneity than MDS-MSC. Biological process (embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis and angiogenesis) and pathways (p53 and MAPK) were enriched according to the differential gene expression. Furthermore, we identified HOXB3 and HOXB7 as potential causative genes gradually upregulated during the normal-MDS-AML transition. Blocking the HOXB3 and HOXB7 in MSCs could enhance the cell proliferation and differentiation, inhibit cell apoptosis and restore the function that supports hematopoietic differentiation in HSCs. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive study of gene expression profiling has identified dysregulated genes and biological processes in MSCs during MDS. HOXB3 and HOXB7 are proposed as novel surrogate targets for therapeutic and diagnostic applications in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Yin
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Yanqi Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Shizhu Zang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Xue Yan
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Tonghui Ma
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China.
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116027, China.
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4
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Elli EM, Mauri M, D'Aliberti D, Crespiatico I, Fontana D, Redaelli S, Pelucchi S, Spinelli S, Manghisi B, Cavalca F, Aroldi A, Ripamonti A, Ferrari S, Palamini S, Mottadelli F, Massimino L, Ramazzotti D, Cazzaniga G, Piperno A, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Piazza R. Idiopathic erythrocytosis: a germline disease? Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:11. [PMID: 38244120 PMCID: PMC10799805 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Polycythemia Vera (PV) is typically caused by V617F or exon 12 JAK2 mutations. Little is known about Polycythemia cases where no JAK2 variants can be detected, and no other causes identified. This condition is defined as idiopathic erythrocytosis (IE). We evaluated clinical-laboratory parameters of a cohort of 56 IE patients and we determined their molecular profile at diagnosis with paired blood/buccal-DNA exome-sequencing coupled with a high-depth targeted OncoPanel to identify a possible underling germline or somatic cause. We demonstrated that most of our cohort (40/56: 71.4%) showed no evidence of clonal hematopoiesis, suggesting that IE is, in large part, a germline disorder. We identified 20 low mutation burden somatic variants (Variant allelic fraction, VAF, < 10%) in only 14 (25%) patients, principally involving DNMT3A and TET2. Only 2 patients presented high mutation burden somatic variants, involving DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1 and WT1. We identified recurrent germline variants in 42 (75%) patients occurring mainly in JAK/STAT, Hypoxia and Iron metabolism pathways, among them: JAK3-V722I and HIF1A-P582S; a high fraction of patients (48.2%) resulted also mutated in homeostatic iron regulatory gene HFE-H63D or C282Y. By generating cellular models, we showed that JAK3-V722I causes activation of the JAK-STAT5 axis and upregulation of EPAS1/HIF2A, while HIF1A-P582S causes suppression of hepcidin mRNA synthesis, suggesting a major role for these variants in the onset of IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Elli
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - M Mauri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - D D'Aliberti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - I Crespiatico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - D Fontana
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - S Redaelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - S Pelucchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - S Spinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - B Manghisi
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - F Cavalca
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - A Aroldi
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - A Ripamonti
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - S Ferrari
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - S Palamini
- Tettamanti Research Center, IRCCS, San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - F Mottadelli
- Monza and Brianza Foundation for the Child and his Mother (MBBM), IRCCS, San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - L Massimino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - D Ramazzotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - G Cazzaniga
- Tettamanti Research Center, IRCCS, San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - A Piperno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - C Gambacorti-Passerini
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - R Piazza
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
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5
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Sandnes M, Helgeland L, Johansen S, Reikvam H. [A man in his forties with anaemia requiring transfusion]. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2023; 143:23-0022. [PMID: 37874056 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While standard blood tests are often sufficient for an anaemia workup, sometimes more invasive diagnostic testing is required to exclude rare conditions. CASE PRESENTATION A man in his forties contacted his general practitioner because of increasing functional dyspnoea. He had completed a course of dicloxacillin a few months previously for a skin abscess on his abdomen. Bloodwork revealed severe anaemia (haemoglobin 5.4 g/dL), which required transfusion. Subsequent testing excluded iron and vitamin deficiency anaemia, haemolysis and malignancy. Initial bone marrow biopsy was of suboptimal quality. However, repeat tissue sample supported a diagnosis of pure red cell aplasia. The patient improved with ciclosporin treatment, which was gradually tapered. INTERPRETATION Pure red cell aplasia should be considered in patients with new onset isolated anaemia with severe reticulocytopenia. Diagnosis depends on obtaining representative tissue from bone marrow biopsy. It is difficult to conclude for this patient whether the aetiology of his pure red cell aplasia was idiopathic or secondary to recent dicloxacillin use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Helgeland
- Avdeling for patologi, Haukeland universitetssjukehus, og, Klinisk Institutt 1, Det medisinske fakultet, Universitetet i Bergen
| | - Silje Johansen
- Medisinsk klinikk, Haraldsplass Diakonale Sykehus, og, Klinisk Institutt 2, Universitetet i Bergen
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Klinisk Institutt 2, Universitetet i Bergen, og, Medisinsk klinikk, Haukeland universitetssjukehus
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6
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Al-Ghamdi YA, Lake J, Bagg A, Thakral B, Wang SA, Bueso-Ramos C, Masarova L, Verstovsek S, Rogers HJ, Hsi ED, Gralewski JH, Chabot-Richards D, George TI, Rets A, Hasserjian RP, Weinberg OK, Parilla M, Arber DA, Padilla O, Orazi A, Tam W. Triple-Negative Primary Myelofibrosis: A Bone Marrow Pathology Group Study. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100016. [PMID: 36788093 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm driven by canonical gene mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPL in >80% of the cases. PMF that lacks these canonical alterations is termed triple-negative PMF (TN-PMF). The pathologic and genetic characteristics of TN-PMF compared with those of conventional PMF with canonical driver mutations (DM-PMF) have not been well studied. We aimed to identify clinicopathologic and molecular genetic differences between patients with TN-PMF (n = 56) and DM-PMF (n = 89), all of whom fulfilled the 2016 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for PMF. Compared with the control group, patients in the TN-PMF group were more likely to have thrombocytopenia and less likely to have organomegaly. The bone marrow in patients with TN-PMF showed fewer granulocytic elements and more frequent dyserythropoiesis. Cytogenetic analysis showed a higher incidence of trisomy 8. Targeted next-generation sequencing revealed a lower frequency of ASXL1 mutations but enrichment of ASXL1/SRSF2 comutations. Our findings demonstrated several clinicopathologic and molecular differences between TN-PMF and DM-PMF. These findings, particularly the observed mutation profile characterized by a higher frequency of ASXL1 and SRSF2 comutation, suggest that at least a subset of TN-PMF may be pathogenetically different from DM-PMF, with potential prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya A Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pathology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan Lake
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Bagg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Beenu Thakral
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sa A Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carlos Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lucia Masarova
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heesun J Rogers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eric D Hsi
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jonathon H Gralewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Tracy I George
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Anton Rets
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert P Hasserjian
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olga K Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Megan Parilla
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Daniel A Arber
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Osvaldo Padilla
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas
| | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
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7
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Hernández-Boluda JC, Pastor-Galán I, Arellano-Rodrigo E, Raya JM, Pérez-Encinas M, Ayala R, Ferrer-Marín F, Velez P, Mora E, Fox ML, Hernández-Rivas JM, Xicoy B, Mata-Vázquez MI, García-Fortes M, Pérez-López R, Angona A, Cuevas B, Senín A, Ramírez MJ, Ramírez-Payer A, Gómez-Casares MT, Martínez-Valverde C, Magro E, Steegmann JL, Durán MA, García-Hernández C, Gasior M, de Villambrosia SG, Alvarez-Larrán A, Pereira A. Predictors of thrombosis and bleeding in 1613 myelofibrosis patients from the Spanish Registry of Myelofibrosis. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:529-538. [PMID: 36089912 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Available data have proved insufficient to develop consensus recommendations on the prevention of thrombosis and bleeding in myelofibrosis (MF). We evaluated the incidence and risk factors of vascular complications in 1613 patients from the Spanish Myelofibrosis Registry. Over a total of 6981 patient-years at risk, 6.4% of the study population had at least one thrombotic event after MF diagnosis, amounting to an incidence rate of 1.65 per 100 patient-years. Prior history of thrombosis, the JAK2 mutation, and the intermediate-2/high-risk International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) categories conferred an increased thrombotic risk after adjustment for the risk-modifying effect of anti-thrombotic and cytoreductive treatments. History of thrombosis and the JAK2 mutation allowed us to pinpoint a group of patients at higher risk of early thrombosis. No decreased incidence of thrombosis was observed while patients were on anti-thrombotic or cytoreductive treatment. An increased risk of venous thrombosis was found during treatment with immunomodulatory agents. A total of 5.3% of patients had at least one episode of major bleeding, resulting in an incidence rate of 1.5 events per 100 patient-years. Patients in the intermediate-2/high-risk IPSS categories treated with anti-coagulants had an almost sevenfold increased risk of major bleeding. These findings should prove useful for guiding decision-making in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Pastor-Galán
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - José-María Raya
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Manuel Pérez-Encinas
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayala
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Ferrer-Marín
- Hematology Department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Murcia, Spain
| | - Patricia Velez
- Hematology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elvira Mora
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María-Laura Fox
- Hematology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Experimental Hematology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Blanca Xicoy
- Hematology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - María García-Fortes
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-López
- Hematology Department, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Anna Angona
- Hematology Department, Hospital Josep Trueta, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Girona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cuevas
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Alicia Senín
- Hematology Department, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Ramírez
- Hematology Department, Hospital General Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Elena Magro
- Hematology Department, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Alvarez-Larrán
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arturo Pereira
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Maddali M, Venkatraman A, Kulkarni UP, Mani S, Raj S, Sigamani E, Korula A, A FN, Lionel SA, Selvarajan S, Manipadam MT, Abraham A, George B, Mathews V, Balasubramanian P. Molecular characterization of triple-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms by next-generation sequencing. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:1987-2000. [PMID: 35840818 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The role of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in identifying mutations in the driver, epigenetic regulator, RNA splicing, and signaling pathway genes in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) has contributed substantially to our understanding of the disease pathogenesis as well as disease evolution. NGS aids in determining the clonal nature of the disease in a subset of these disorders where mutations in the driver genes are not detected. There is a paucity of real-world data on the utility of this test in the characterization of triple-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (TN-MPN). In this study, 46 samples of TN-MPN (essential thrombocythemia (ET) = 17; primary myelofibrosis (PMF) = 23; & myeloproliferative neoplasm unclassified (MPN-u) = 6) were screened for markers of clonality using targeted NGS. Among these, 25 (54.3%) patients had mutations that would help determine the clonal nature of the disease. Eight of the 17 TN-ET (47%) and 13 of the 23 TN-PMF (56.5%) patients had noncanonical mutations in the driver genes and mutations in the genes involved in epigenetic regulation. Identification of mutations categorized as high molecular markers (HMR) in 2 patients helped classify them as PMF with high risk according to the MIPSS 70 scoring system. A novel mutation in the MPIG6B (C6orf25) gene associated with childhood myelofibrosis was detected in a 14-year-old girl. The presence of clonal hematopoiesis could be confirmed in four of the six MPN-u patients in this cohort. This study demonstrates the utility of NGS in improving the characterization of TN-MPN by establishing clonality and detecting noncanonical mutations in driver genes, thereby aiding in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Maddali
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arvind Venkatraman
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sathya Mani
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhosh Raj
- Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Anu Korula
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fouzia N A
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sushil Selvarajan
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Aby Abraham
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Biju George
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikram Mathews
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Prakash S, Orazi A. How I Diagnose Primary Myelofibrosis. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 157:518-530. [PMID: 35238345 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a BCR/ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) with a shorter overall survival and a higher leukemic transformation than other BCR/ABL1-negative MPNs. Diagnosis of PMF can be challenging given its clinical, morphologic, molecular overlap with other myeloid neoplasms also associated with myelofibrosis, and reactive conditions. METHODS We summarize and discuss the clinical, morphologic, and molecular features useful for diagnosing PMF as well as salient features helpful in distinguishing PMF from myelodysplastic syndrome with associated fibrosis and autoimmune myelofibrosis using a case-based approach. RESULTS PMF in both its prefibrotic and fibrotic stages, the latter characterized by reticulin/collagen marrow fibrosis, is characterized by a proliferation of predominantly abnormal megakaryocytes and granulocytes in the bone marrow. Driver mutations in JAK2, CALR, or MPLare seen in approximately 90% of PMF cases. In triple-negative cases, the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities and other somatic mutations identified by next-generation sequencing can help establish a diagnosis of PMF in the appropriate clinical and morphologic context. CONCLUSIONS Given the significant difference in prognosis and treatment, integration of clinical, morphological, and molecular/genetic findings is essential in distinguishing PMF from other etiologies that can demonstrate myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Prakash
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Attilio Orazi
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
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Magaz M, Alvarez-Larrán A, Colomer D, López-Guerra M, García-Criado MÁ, Mezzano G, Belmonte E, Olivas P, Soy G, Cervantes F, Darnell A, Ferrusquía-Acosta J, Baiges A, Turon F, Hernández-Gea V, García-Pagán JC. Next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of non-cirrhotic splanchnic vein thrombosis. J Hepatol 2021; 74:89-95. [PMID: 32679300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are the most frequent cause of non-tumoural non-cirrhotic splanchnic vein thrombosis (NC-SVT). Diagnosis of MPN is based on blood cell count alterations, bone marrow histology, and detection of specific gene mutations. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows the simultaneous evaluation of multiple genes implicated in myeloid clonal pathology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of NGS in elucidating the aetiology of NC-SVT. METHODS DNA samples from 80 patients (75 with idiopathic or exclusively local factor [Idiop/loc-NC-SVT] and 5 with MPN and NC-SVT [SVT-MPN] negative for Janus kinase 2 gene [JAK2] [V617F and exon 12], calreticulin gene [CALR], and thrombopoietin gene [MPL] mutations by classic techniques) were analysed by NGS. Mutations involved in myeloid disorders different from JAK2, CALR, and MPL genes were categorised as high-molecular-risk (HMR) variants or variants of unknown significance. RESULTS In 2/5 triple-negative SVT-MPN cases (40%), a mutation in exon 12 of JAK2 was identified. JAK2-exon 12 mutation was also identified in 1/75 patients with Idiop/loc-NC-SVT. Moreover, 28/74 (37.8%) of the remaining Idiop/loc-NC-SVT had at least 1 HMR variant. Sixty-two patients with Idiop/loc-NC-SVT were not receiving long-term anticoagulation and 5 of them (8.1%) had recurrent NC-SVT. This cumulative incidence was significantly higher in patients with HMR variants than in those without. CONCLUSIONS NGS identified JAK2-exon12 mutations not previously detected by conventional techniques. In addition, NGS detected HMR variants in approximately one-third of patients with Idiop/loc-NC-SVT. These patients seem to have a higher risk of splanchnic rethrombosis. NGS might be a useful diagnostic tool in NC-SVT. LAY SUMMARY Next-generation sequencing (NGS) performs massive sequencing of DNA allowing the simultaneous evaluation of multiple genes even at very low mutational levels. Application of this technique in a cohort of patients with non-cirrhotic non-tumoral portal vein thrombosis (NC-SVT) and a negative study for thrombophilic disorders was able to identify patients with a mutation in exon 12 not previously detected by conventional techniques. Moreover, NGS detected High Molecular Risk (HMR)-variants (Mutations involved in myeloid disorders different from JAK2, CALR and MPL genes) in approximately one third of patients. These patients appear to be at increased risk of rethrombosis. All these findings supports NGS as a potential useful tool in the management of NC-SVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Magaz
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Larrán
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cancer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica López-Guerra
- Hematopathology Section, Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cancer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ángeles García-Criado
- Abdominal Radiology Section, Radiology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Mezzano
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Belmonte
- Abdominal Radiology Section, Radiology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Olivas
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Soy
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Cervantes
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Darnell
- Abdominal Radiology Section, Radiology Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ferrusquía-Acosta
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Baiges
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fanny Turon
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Hernández-Gea
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Pagán
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut de Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Liver Disorders, Barcelona, Spain.
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Sumi M, Kitahara M, Shishido T, Kazumoto H, Uematsu N, Kirihara T, Sato K, Ueki T, Hiroshima Y, Kobayashi H. Salvage Therapy Using Azacitidine for Relapsed Primary Myelofibrosis after Cord Blood Transplantation. Intern Med 2020; 59:2763-2767. [PMID: 32641650 PMCID: PMC7691036 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4863-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 53-year-old woman with prefibrotic stage primary myelofibrosis (PMF) who underwent cord blood transplantation. Nine years after transplantation, she relapsed, which was confirmed by a bone marrow examination. We decided to treat her using azacitidine. After three courses of azacitidine, a partial cytogenetic response was confirmed. Azacitidine maintenance therapy successfully maintained a low level of recipient-origin peripheral blood cells with a stable hematological condition. Azacitidine may therefore be a promising therapeutic option for PMF patients who relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Sumi
- Department of Hematology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Mari Kitahara
- Department of Hematology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | - Nozomu Uematsu
- Department of Hematology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Keijiro Sato
- Department of Hematology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Hiroshima
- Department of Hematology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Japan
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Grinfeld J. Prognostic models in the myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood Rev 2020; 42:100713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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