1
|
He J, Li G, Wu Y, Zhang T, Yao M, Zang M, Zou J, Song J, Li L, Chen Q, Cao G, Cai L. Traditional Chinese Medicine JianPiHuaTan formula improving quality of life and survival in patients with colorectal cancer through RAS/RAF downstream signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1391399. [PMID: 38974035 PMCID: PMC11225497 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1391399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective JianPiHuaTan Formula (JPHTF), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been utilized as an adjunctive therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). The study aims to evaluate the potential clinical benefits of JPHTF and its effectiveness in inhibiting tumor growth. Methods 300 stage II/III CRC patients and 412 advanced CRC patients were enrolled to verify the clinical value of JPHTF in CRC treatment. Furthermore, CRC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice were utilized to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of JPHTF. Results JPHTF significantly improved abdominal distension, shortness of breath, drowsiness, loss of appetite, sleep, and tiredness in stage II/III CRC patients, thereby improving their quality of life. Simultaneously, JPHTF served as a supportive therapy in extending the overall survival (OS) of stage IV CRC patients with RAS/RAF mutations undergoing chemotherapy. Additionally, JPHTF effectively impeded tumor progression in CRC PDX models with RAS mutation, accompanied by a reduction in tumor cell content in the JPHTF group. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the involvement of the Hippo and Hedgehog signaling pathways in JPHTF-mediated CRC inhibition. Furthermore, mice in the JPHTF group exhibited increased immune cell infiltration. Conclusion These findings suggested that JPHTF may inhibits tumor growth in CRC with RAS mutation by modulating RAS/RAF downstream signaling pathways, specifically the Hippo and Hedgehog signaling, leading to increased immune cell infiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- GCP Center, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjiang Yao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxuan Zang
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Zou
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjie Song
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liusheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | | | - Guang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Cai
- Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elmaidomy AH, El Zawily A, Salem AK, Altemani FH, Algehainy NA, Altemani AH, Rateb ME, Abdelmohsen UR, Shady NH. New cytotoxic dammarane type saponins from Ziziphus spina-christi. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20612. [PMID: 37996449 PMCID: PMC10667233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the world's second-leading cause of death. Drug development efforts frequently focus on medicinal plants since they are a valuable source of anticancer medications. A phytochemical investigation of the edible Ziziphus spina-christi (F. Rhamnaceae) leaf extract afforded two new dammarane type saponins identified as christinin E and F (1, 2), along with the known compound christinin A (3). Different cancer cell lines, such as lung cancer (A549), glioblastoma (U87), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), and colorectal carcinoma (CT-26) cell lines, were used to investigate the extracted compounds' cytotoxic properties. Our findings showed significant effects on all the tested cell lines at varying concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 20 µg/mL). The three compounds exhibited potent activity at low concentrations (< 10 μg/mL), as evidenced by their low IC50 values. To further investigate the complex relationships between these identified cancer-relevant biological targets and to identify critical targets in the pathogenesis of the disease, we turned to network pharmacology and in silico-based investigations. Following this, in silico-based analysis (e.g., inverse docking, ΔG calculation, and molecular dynamics simulation) was performed on the structures of the isolated compounds to identify additional potential targets for these compounds and their likely interactions with various signalling pathways relevant to this disease. Based on our findings, Z. spina-christi's compounds showed promise as potential anti-cancer therapeutic leads in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Amr El Zawily
- Department of Plant and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Faisal H Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh A Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah H Altemani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa E Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia, 61111, Egypt.
| | - Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia, 61111, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hemostatic Effect of 20(S)-Panaxadiol by Induced Platelet Aggregation Depending on Calcium Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8265898. [PMID: 36177062 PMCID: PMC9514943 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8265898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is the most traditional hemostatic herb in China. Our previous research found that 20(S)-protopanaxadiol showed the hemostatic effect. And 20(S)-panaxadiol (PD) has a similar structure to 20(S)-protopanaxadiol with a dammarane skeleton. So, this article mainly studies the hemostatic effect of PD. The mouse tail amputation and liver scratch models were used to detect the hemostatic effect of PD. Blood routine and plasma coagulation parameters were measured by using a blood analyzer. The platelet aggregometer analyzed the platelet aggregation rate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration. Moreover, the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), P-selectin (CD62P), PAC-1 (GP IIb/IIIa receptor marker), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) of platelets were also detected. The results showed that PD obviously shortened the bleeding time of the model mouse, affected the RBC and PLT parameters of rats, reduced APTT and TT, elevated FIB concentration, and promoted human/rat-washed platelet aggregation in vitro. PD promoted the release of ATP and [Ca2+]i and slightly increased the expression of CD62P and PAC-1 of platelets without 1 mM Ca2+. After adding 1 mM Ca2+, PD obviously increased ATP releasing and CD62P and GP IIb/IIIa expression rate and decreased the cAMP level of platelets. These parameter changes of PD-caused platelet were inhibited by vorapaxar. Besides, PD increased the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (PI3K/Akt/GSK3β) of human platelets. PD is an important hemostatic ingredient in Panax notoginseng, which induced platelet aggregation by affecting the calcium signaling and activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang H, Zhang Y, Tang X, Su W, Yang C, Pan D, Zhao D, Qi B, Li X. Hemostatic Effect of 20(S)-Panaxadiol by Induced Platelet Aggregation Depending on Calcium Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1-18. [DOI: org/10.1155/2022/8265898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is the most traditional hemostatic herb in China. Our previous research found that 20(S)-protopanaxadiol showed the hemostatic effect. And 20(S)-panaxadiol (PD) has a similar structure to 20(S)-protopanaxadiol with a dammarane skeleton. So, this article mainly studies the hemostatic effect of PD. The mouse tail amputation and liver scratch models were used to detect the hemostatic effect of PD. Blood routine and plasma coagulation parameters were measured by using a blood analyzer. The platelet aggregometer analyzed the platelet aggregation rate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration. Moreover, the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), P-selectin (CD62P), PAC-1 (GP IIb/IIIa receptor marker), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) of platelets were also detected. The results showed that PD obviously shortened the bleeding time of the model mouse, affected the RBC and PLT parameters of rats, reduced APTT and TT, elevated FIB concentration, and promoted human/rat-washed platelet aggregation in vitro. PD promoted the release of ATP and [Ca2+]i and slightly increased the expression of CD62P and PAC-1 of platelets without 1 mM Ca2+. After adding 1 mM Ca2+, PD obviously increased ATP releasing and CD62P and GP IIb/IIIa expression rate and decreased the cAMP level of platelets. These parameter changes of PD-caused platelet were inhibited by vorapaxar. Besides, PD increased the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (PI3K/Akt/GSK3β) of human platelets. PD is an important hemostatic ingredient in Panax notoginseng, which induced platelet aggregation by affecting the calcium signaling and activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenjie Su
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Chunhui Yang
- Department of Tuina, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 130021, China
| | - Daian Pan
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Bin Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han L, Li T, Miao D, Lee J, Xiao S, Piao H, Zhao Y. Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Indole Derivatives of Panaxadiol. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200372. [PMID: 35938749 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Based on the well-known cytotoxicity of indole compounds, we used the 'Fisher indole synthesis' method to introduce appropriately substituted indole rings into panaxadiol (PD), generating eighteen novel Panaxadiol indole derivatives. Six human cancer cell lines (A549, HepG-2, HCT-116, SGC-7901, MDA-MB-231, PC-3 cells) and one normal ovarian cell lines (IOSE144) were designed to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of the PD derivatives. The results showed that the majority of PD derivatives showed enhanced anti-proliferative activity, when compared with PD, with P-Methylindolo-PD exhibiting the highest cytotoxicity. In A549 cells, IC50 value was 5.01±0.87 μM, which is roughly 12 times higher than the activity of PD and 5 times that of 5-FU. Moreover, cell morphology analysis and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays exhibited that P-Methylindolo-PD could induce A549 cell apoptosis (55.7 % of apoptotic cells at 20 μM). Moreover, molecular docking experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanism underlining the binding of P-Methylindolo-PD to the active site of EGFR. The results support that P-Methylindolo-PD might be a promising lead compound for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Han
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
| | - Dongyu Miao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
| | - Jungjoon Lee
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
| | - Huri Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Salman G, Pehlivanoglu S, Aydin Acar C, Yesilot S. Anticancer Effects of Vitis vinifera L. Mediated Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Cotreatment with 5 Fluorouracil on HT-29 Cell Line. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3159-3170. [PMID: 34546492 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effects of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Vv-AgNPs) from grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed aqueous extract, alone or in combination with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) on HT-29 cell line. Vv-AgNPs were characterized by techniques such as UV-vis spectrophotometer (surface plasmon peak 454 nm), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). HT-29 cells were treated with different concentrations (0-80 μg/mL for MTT) and (0-20 μg/mL for BrdU) of Vv-AgNPs alone and combined with (200 μg/mL) 5-FU for 72 h. The cytotoxic effects were analyzed by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay (IC50 values 13.74 and 5.35 μg/mL, respectively). Antiproliferative effects were examined 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assay (IC50 values 9.65 and 5.00 μg/mL, respectively). Activation of caspase-3 and protein expression levels of p53 were determined by Western blotting analysis. It was observed that Vv-AgNPs significantly increased the cleavage of the proapoptotic proteins caspase 3 and obviously enhanced the expression of p53 in a dose-dependent manner. The increased amount of total oxidant status (TOS) in the 10 μg/mL Vv-AgNPs + 5-FU treatment group, despite the increasing amount of total antioxidant status (TAS), caused an increase in Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) compared to the control. In this study, it has been shown in vitro that the use of successfully biosynthesized Vv-AgNPs in combination with 5-FU exhibits synergistic cytotoxic, antiproliferative, apoptotic, and oxidative effects against HT-29 cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giray Salman
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Suray Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Aydin Acar
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- Department of Nursing, Bucak School of Health, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Sukriye Yesilot
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
- Department of Nursing, Bucak School of Health, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao L, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Sui M, Liu J, Li P, Liu N, Zhang K. Role of Ginseng, Quercetin, and Tea in Enhancing Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Colorectal Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:939424. [PMID: 35795631 PMCID: PMC9252166 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.939424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most common gastrointestinal malignancy, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although multimodal chemotherapy has effectively improved the prognosis of patients with CRC in recent years, severe chemotherapy-associated side effects and chemoresistance still greatly impair efficacy and limit its clinical application. In response to these challenges, an increasing number of traditional Chinese medicines have been used as synergistic agents for CRC administration. In particular, ginseng, quercetin, and tea, three common dietary supplements, have been shown to possess the potent capacity of enhancing the sensitivity of various chemotherapy drugs and reducing their side effects. Ginseng, also named “the king of herbs”, contains a great variety of anti-cancer compounds, among which ginsenosides are the most abundant and major research objects of various anti-tumor studies. Quercetin is a flavonoid and has been detected in multiple common foods, which possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, especially with stronger anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. As one of the most consumed beverages, tea has become particularly prevalent in both West and East in recent years. Tea and its major extracts, such as catechins and various constituents, were capable of significantly improving life quality and exerting anti-cancer effects both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we mainly focused on the adjunctive effects of the three herbs and their constituents on the chemotherapy process of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Gastroenterology and Center of Digestive Endoscopy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongqing Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxiu Sui
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Research Center of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pingya Li
- Research Center of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Liu
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Kai Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li C, Shi K, Zhang K, Liu N. Therapeutic effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2022; 13:6450-6466. [PMID: 35661189 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00899h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common malignant diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates. Ginseng and its major extracts, ginsenosides, have been used in medical fields for thousands of years. In particular, their huge anti-cancer potential has drawn a great deal of attention in recent years. There is a large body of evidence that has shown that ginseng and its extracts could significantly inhibit tumor development and progression by suppressing cell proliferation, tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, regulating tumor-associated immune responses, and improving the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. Notably, different subtypes of ginsenosides, even those extracted from the same ginseng, have exhibited distinct anti-cancer functions through different mechanisms. Over the past few years, a large number of studies have focused on how ginseng or various ginsenosides influence CRC development. Therefore, the roles and the potential of ginseng and ginsenosides in the treatment of CRC are summarized in this review. In addition, the biochemical properties of ginseng and ginsenosides are also briefly described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Simultaneous quantification and ADME prediction of AD-1 and its eight metabolites in rat feces, and screening of PARP-1 inhibitors through molecular docking. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
10
|
Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by panaxadiol limits the progression of pancreatic cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22830-22842. [PMID: 34623971 PMCID: PMC8544303 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death with the characteristics of chemoresistance and early metastasis. Panaxadiol, a triterpenoid saponin extracted from the roots of American ginseng, has been proved to display anti-tumor activity in colon cancer. In this study, we found panaxadiol significantly inhibited proliferation, and induced apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and Patu8988 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl2, Cleaved-caspase3) was detected via western blot and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, panaxadiol was also found to inhibit the migration of pancreatic cancer cells by wound healing and transwell assays. In vivo, the growth of xenograft pancreatic cancer models was also notably suppressed by panaxadiol compared to the control group. Moreover, the down-regulation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway was responsible for the underlying pro-apoptosis mechanism of panaxadiol, and this result was in good agreement with molecular docking analysis between panaxadiol and STAT3. In conclusion, our work comprehensively explored the anti-tumor ability in PANC-1 and Patu8988 cells of panaxadiol and provided a potential choice for the clinical treatment of pancreatic cancer patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kong X, Liu C, Lu P, Guo Y, Zhao C, Yang Y, Bo Z, Wang F, Peng Y, Meng J. Combination of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Mechanism of Qizhen Decoction in the Treatment of Colon Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14341-14360. [PMID: 34124457 PMCID: PMC8190929 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been utilized for the treatment of colon cancer. Qizhen decoction (QZD), a potential compound prescription of TCM, possesses multiple biological activities. It has been proven clinically effective in the treatment of colon cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of anticolon cancer activity is still not clear. This study aimed to identify the chemical composition of QZD. Furthermore, a collaborative analysis strategy of network pharmacology and cell biology was used to further explore the critical signaling pathway of QZD anticancer activity. First, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was performed to identify the chemical composition of QZD. Then, the chemical composition database of QZD was constructed based on a systematic literature search and review of chemical constituents. Moreover, the common and indirect targets of chemical components of QZD and colon cancer were searched by multiple databases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the String database (https://www.string-db.org/). All of the targets were analyzed by Gene Oncology (GO) bioanalysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and the visual network topology diagram of "Prescription-TCM-Chemical composition-Direct target-Indirect target-Pathway" was constructed by Cytoscape software (v3.7.1). The top molecular pathway ranked by statistical significance was further verified by molecular biology methods. The results of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS showed that QZD had 111 kinds of chemical components, of which 103 were unique components and 8 were common components. Ten pivotal targets of QZD in the treatment of colon cancer were screened by the PPI network. Targets of QZD involve many biological processes, such as the signaling pathway, immune system, gene expression, and so on. QZD may interfere with biological pathways such as cell replication, oxygen-containing compounds, or organic matter by protein binding, regulation of signal receptors or enzyme binding, and affect cytoplasm and membrane-bound organelles. The main antitumor core pathways were the apoptosis metabolic pathway, the PI3K-Akt signal pathway, and so on. Expression of the PI3K-Akt signal pathway was significantly downregulated after the intervention of QZD, which was closely related to the inhibition of proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells by cell biology methods. The present work may facilitate a better understanding of the effective components, therapeutic targets, biological processes, and signaling pathways of QZD in the treatment of colon cancer and provide useful information about the utilization of QZD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Kong
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- School
of Chinese Materia Medical, Beijing University
of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzhu Guo
- Department
of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhichao Bo
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fangyuan Wang
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yingying Peng
- Graduate
School, Tianjin University of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingyan Meng
- College
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jansen C, Baker JD, Kodaira E, Ang L, Bacani AJ, Aldan JT, Shimoda LMN, Salameh M, Small-Howard AL, Stokes AJ, Turner H, Adra CN. Medicine in motion: Opportunities, challenges and data analytics-based solutions for traditional medicine integration into western medical practice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113477. [PMID: 33098971 PMCID: PMC7577282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional pharmacopeias have been developed by multiple cultures and evaluated for efficacy and safety through both historical/empirical iteration and more recently through controlled studies using Western scientific paradigms and an increasing emphasis on data science methodologies for network pharmacology. Traditional medicines represent likely sources of relatively inexpensive drugs for symptomatic management as well as potential libraries of new therapeutic approaches. Leveraging this potential requires hard evidence for efficacy that separates science from pseudoscience. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a review of non-Western medical systems and developed case studies that illustrate the epistemological and practical translative barriers that hamper their transition to integration with Western approaches. We developed a new data analytics approach, in silico convergence analysis, to deconvolve modes of action, and potentially predict desirable components of TM-derived formulations based on computational consensus analysis across cultures and medical systems. RESULTS Abstraction, simplification and altered dose and delivery modalities were identified as factors that influence actual and perceived efficacy once a medicine is moved from a non-Western to Western setting. Case studies on these factors highlighted issues with translation between non-Western and Western epistemologies, including those where epistemological and medicinal systems drive markets that can be epicenters for zoonoses such as the novel Coronavirus. The proposed novel data science approach demonstrated the ability to identify and predict desirable medicinal components for a test indication, pain. CONCLUSIONS Relegation of traditional therapies to the relatively unregulated nutraceutical industry may lead healthcare providers and patients to underestimate the therapeutic potential of these medicines. We suggest three areas of emphasis for this field: First, vertical integration and embedding of traditional medicines into healthcare systems would subject them to appropriate regulation and evidence-based practice, as viable integrative implementation mode. Second, we offer a new Bradford-Hill-like framework for setting research priorities and evaluating efficacy, with the goal of rescuing potentially valuable therapies from the nutraceutical market and discrediting those that are pseudoscience. Third, data analytics pipelines offer new capacity to generate new types of TMS-inspired medicines that are rationally-designed based on integrated knowledge across cultures, and also provide an evaluative framework against which to test claims of fidelity and efficacy to TMS made for nutraceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Jansen
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - J D Baker
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - E Kodaira
- Medicinal Plant Garden, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0373, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - L Ang
- Undergraduate Program in Biology, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - A J Bacani
- Undergraduate Program in Biology, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - J T Aldan
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA; Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Washington University, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - L M N Shimoda
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | - M Salameh
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.
| | | | - A J Stokes
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA; Hawai'i Data Science Institute, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA; The Adra Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - H Turner
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA; The Adra Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - C N Adra
- The Adra Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Garcia-Oliveira P, Otero P, Pereira AG, Chamorro F, Carpena M, Echave J, Fraga-Corral M, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. Status and Challenges of Plant-Anticancer Compounds in Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020157. [PMID: 33673021 PMCID: PMC7918405 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world, which has been estimated to cause 9.9 million deaths in 2020. Conventional treatments for cancer commonly involve mono-chemotherapy or a combination of radiotherapy and mono-chemotherapy. However, the negative side effects of these approaches have been extensively reported and have prompted the search of new therapeutic drugs. In this context, scientific community started to look for innovative sources of anticancer compounds in natural sources, including traditional plants. Currently, numerous studies have evaluated the anticancer properties of natural compounds derived from plants, both in vitro and in vivo. In pre-clinical stages, some promising compounds could be mentioned, such as the sulforaphane or different phenolic compounds. On the other hand, some phytochemicals obtained positive results in clinical stages and were further approved for cancer treatment, such as vinca alkaloids or the paclitaxel. Nevertheless, these compounds are not exempt of limitations, such as low solubility, restricted effect on their own, negative side-effects, etc. This review aims to compile the information about the current phytochemicals used for cancer treatment and also promising candidates, main action mechanisms and also reported limitations. In this sense, some strategies to face the limitations have been considered, such as nano-based formulations to improve solubility or chemical modification to reduce toxicity. In conclusion, although more research is still necessary to develop more efficient and safe phytochemical drugs, more of these compounds might be used in future cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (P.O.); (A.G.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (M.F.-C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (P.O.); (A.G.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (M.F.-C.)
| | - Antia Gonzalez Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (P.O.); (A.G.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (M.F.-C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Franklin Chamorro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (P.O.); (A.G.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (M.F.-C.)
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (P.O.); (A.G.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (M.F.-C.)
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (P.O.); (A.G.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (M.F.-C.)
| | - Maria Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (P.O.); (A.G.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (M.F.-C.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolonia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (P.O.); (A.G.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (M.F.-C.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Miguel Angel Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (P.O.); (A.G.P.); (F.C.); (M.C.); (J.E.); (M.F.-C.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiao S, Wang X, Xu L, Li T, Cao J, Zhao Y. Novel panaxadiol triazole derivatives induce apoptosis in HepG-2 cells through the mitochondrial pathway. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
15
|
Inamura K. Gut microbiota contributes towards immunomodulation against cancer: New frontiers in precision cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 70:11-23. [PMID: 32580023 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota influences human health and the development of diverse diseases, including cancer. Microbes can influence tumor initiation and development in either a positive or negative manner. In addition, the composition of the gut microbiota affects the efficacy and toxicity of cancer therapeutics as well as therapeutic resistance. The striking impact of microbiota on oncogenesis and cancer therapy provides compelling evidence to support the notion that manipulating microbial networks represents a promising strategy for treating and preventing cancer. Specific microbes or the microbial ecosystem can be modified via a multiplicity of processes, and therapeutic methods and approaches have been evolving. Microbial manipulation can be applied as an adjunct to traditional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Furthermore, this approach displays great promise as a stand-alone therapy following the failure of standard therapy. Moreover, such strategies may also benefit patients by avoiding the emergence of toxic side effects that result in treatment discontinuation. A better understanding of the host-microbial ecosystem in patients with cancer, together with the development of methodologies for manipulating the microbiome, will help expand the frontiers of precision cancer therapeutics, thereby improving patient care. This review discusses the roles of the microbiota in oncogenesis and cancer therapy, with a focus on efforts to harness the microbiota to fight cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Z, Ding M, Lin Z, He C, Zhao Y. Esterified Derivatives of Panaxadiol and Their Inhibitory Effect on HL‐60, THP‐1, and PC‐3 Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900188. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- School of Pharmacy Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanning 530020 P. R. China
- School of Functional Food and Wine Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Meng Ding
- School of Functional Food and Wine Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Zhe Lin
- School of Functional Food and Wine Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Cuiwei He
- School of Pharmacy Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanning 530020 P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Transcriptome profiling of poly(I:C)-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages in response to panaxadiol. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
18
|
Wang CZ, Hou L, Wan JY, Yao H, Yuan J, Zeng J, Park CW, Kim SH, Seo DB, Shin KS, Zhang CF, Chen L, Zhang QH, Liu Z, Sava-Segal C, Yuan CS. Ginseng berry polysaccharides on inflammation-associated colon cancer: inhibiting T-cell differentiation, promoting apoptosis, and enhancing the effects of 5-fluorouracil. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:282-290. [PMID: 32148410 PMCID: PMC7031751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng is a commonly used herbal medicine in treating various medical conditions. Chronic gut inflammation is a recognized factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this project, Asian ginseng berry polysaccharide preparations were used to assess their effects on CRC and related immune regulation mechanisms. Methods Ginseng berry polysaccharide extract (GBPE) and purified ginseng berry polysaccharide portion (GBPP) were used to evaluate their activities on human HCT-116 and HT-29 CRC cell proliferation. Interleukin-8 secretion analysis was performed on HT-29 cells. Naive CD4 cell isolation and T-helper cell differentiation were performed and determined using flow cytometry for Th1 and Treg in addition to cell cycle and apoptotic investigation. Results GBPE and GBPP significantly inhibited interleukin-8 secretion and cancer cell proliferation, inhibited CD4+IFN-γ+ cell (Th1) differentiation, and decreased CD4+FoxP3+ cell (Treg) differentiation. Compared to the GBPE, GBPP showed more potent antiinflammatory activities on the malignant cells. This is consistent with the observation that GBPP can also inhibit Th1-cell differentiation better, suggesting that it has an important role in antiinflammation, whereas Treg cells hinder the body's immune response against malignancies. Supported by cell cycle and apoptosis data, GBPE and GBPP, at various degrees, remarkably enhanced the anticancer activities of 5-fluorouracil. Conclusion Data from this project suggested that Asian ginseng berry potentially has clinical utility in managing enteric inflammation and suppressing CRC through immunomodulation mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Lifei Hou
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jin-Yi Wan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haiqiang Yao
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jinbin Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jinxiang Zeng
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Chan Woong Park
- Vital Beautie Research Institute, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Vital Beautie Research Institute, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Bang Seo
- Vital Beautie Research Institute, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Lina Chen
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Qi-Hui Zhang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Zhi Liu
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Clara Sava-Segal
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.,Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Deng JQ, Mu XD, Zhao RL, Liu Z, Tang HJ, He M, Meng QG. Crystal structure of (20 R)-20,25-epoxy-dammaran-3,12-dione, C 30H 48O 3. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2018-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C30H48O3, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.8710(16) Å, b = 13.800(28) Å, c = 24.561(49) Å, V = 2667.9(9) Å3, Z = 4. Rgt(F) = 0.0488, wRref(F2) = 0.1264, T = 293(2) K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education , Yantai University , Yantai, 264005 , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education , Yantai University , Yantai, 264005 , P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Lin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education , Yantai University , Yantai, 264005 , P.R. China
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education , Yantai University , Yantai, 264005 , P.R. China
| | - Hang-Jun Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education , Yantai University , Yantai, 264005 , P.R. China
| | - Meng He
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education , Yantai University , Yantai, 264005 , P.R. China
| | - Qing-Guo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education , Yantai University , Yantai, 264005 , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Y, Yuan W, Wang X, Zhang H, Sun Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activity evaluation of ginsengdiol oxidation and nitrogen hybrid derivatives. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1910-1919. [PMID: 30568759 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00387d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Panaxadiol (PD), a diol-type ginseng saponin, with a dammarane skeleton plays a potential role in the apoptosis of tumor cells. In this study, 28 oxidation and nitrogen hybrid derivatives of PD were synthesized, of which 20 were novel compounds. All the obtained compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity in six cell lines. As compared with the positive control, some compounds showed better anti-proliferative activities while having much weaker effect on the growth of normal cells. Among them, ring-A fused pyrazoline of PD (1j) displayed impressive cytotoxic activity with IC50 9.62 ± 1.34, 11.65 ± 1.71, and 13.45 ± 1.60 μM against A549, HeLa and 8901 cell lines, respectively. Additionally, compound 2f exhibited the most potent activity with an IC50 value of 8.93 ± 1.11 μM against cell line A549. Therefore, our results indicated that 1j and 2f can be promising lead candidates for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 24 43520309
| | - Weihui Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 24 43520309
| | - Xude Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 24 43520309
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 24 43520309
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 24 43520309
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 24 43520309.,Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery , Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemical , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 24 43520309.,Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery , Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang S, Chen C, Lu W, Wei L. Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical use of Panax notoginseng flowers buds. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2155-2163. [PMID: 30088301 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, and dried flower buds of P. notoginseng (FBP) have also been used as a medicine or tea for a long time. The pharmacological effects of FBP include antihypertensive, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and cardiovascular protective effects. The compounds in FBP include saponins, flavonoids, volatile oils, and polysaccharides. The total saponins are the principal bioactive components. In modern applications, FBP is used to treat hypertension and tinnitus. There have been many studies on FBP and its effects in recent years, and it has attracted much attention in the medical field. This review summarizes the chemical components, pharmacological action, and clinical uses of FBP comprehensively to provide the references of deeper studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Natural compounds and combination therapy in colorectal cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:582-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
23
|
Abraham M, Augustine D, Rao RS, Sowmya SV, Haragannavar VC, Nambiar S, Prasad K, Awan KH, Patil S. Naturally Available Extracts Inhibiting Cancer Progression: A Systematic Review. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22:870-878. [PMID: 29279018 PMCID: PMC5871319 DOI: 10.1177/2156587217744914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. This systematic review is aimed at evaluating the literature on the efficacy of naturally available extracts that inhibit cancer. Methods. A literature search was performed to strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology analysis. Approximately 3000 research articles were initially selected. Of these articles, 200 were included, and 2800 were excluded. On further scrutiny, 150 of the 200 studies were reviews, seminars, and presentations, and 50 were original study articles. Among these articles, 20 studies were selected for the systematic review. Results. The predominant molecular pathways followed by natural extracts were nuclear factor kappa B ligand, suppression of the protein kinase B-Akt/P13K pathway (an intracellular signaling pathway important in regulating cell cycle), vascular endothelial growth factor downregulation, and tumor protein-P53 tumor suppressor upregulation. Conclusions. It is evident that natural extracts have the ability to inhibit cancer progression. Continued research in this field could facilitate the use of natural extracts with currently available anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Abraham
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dominic Augustine
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopa S Rao
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S V Sowmya
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vanishri C Haragannavar
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shwetha Nambiar
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavitha Prasad
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- 3 College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah, USA
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- 4 Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Science, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xiao S, Chen S, Sun Y, Zhou W, Piao H, Zhao Y. Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol halogen-derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4204-4211. [PMID: 28757064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current work, 13 novel panaxadiol (PD) derivatives were synthesized by reacting with chloroacetyl chloride and bromoacetyl bromide. Their in vitro antitumor activities were evaluated on three human tumor cell lines (HCT-116, BGC-823, SW-480) and three normal cells (human gastric epithelial cell line-GES-1, hair follicle dermal papilla cell line-HHDPC and rat myocardial cell line-H9C2) by MTT assay. Compared with PD, the results demonstrated that compound 1e, 2d, 2e showed significant anti-tumor activity against three tumor cell lines, the IC50 value of compound 2d against HCT-116 was the lowest (3.836μM). The anti-tumor activity of open-ring compounds are significantly better than the compounds of C-25 cyclization. Compound 1f, 2f, 2g showed the strong anti-tumor activity. The IC50 value of compound 2g against BGC-823 and SW-480 were the lowest (0.6μM and 0.1μM, respectively). Combined with cytotoxicity test, the IC50 value of compound 1e, 2d, 2e are greater than 100. the open-ring compounds (1f, 2f, 2g) showed a strong toxicity. The toxicity of 1f is lower than 2f and 2g. These compounds may be useful for the development of novel antiproliferative agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanji 133000, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wuxi Zhou
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huri Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, Yanbian University College of Pharmacy, Yanji 133000, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Evidence is growing that the gut microbiota modulates the host response to chemotherapeutic drugs, with three main clinical outcomes: facilitation of drug efficacy; abrogation and compromise of anticancer effects; and mediation of toxicity. The implication is that gut microbiota are critical to the development of personalized cancer treatment strategies and, therefore, a greater insight into prokaryotic co-metabolism of chemotherapeutic drugs is now required. This thinking is based on evidence from human, animal and in vitro studies that gut bacteria are intimately linked to the pharmacological effects of chemotherapies (5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, methotrexate) and novel targeted immunotherapies such as anti-PD-L1 and anti-CLTA-4 therapies. The gut microbiota modulate these agents through key mechanisms, structured as the 'TIMER' mechanistic framework: Translocation, Immunomodulation, Metabolism, Enzymatic degradation, and Reduced diversity and ecological variation. The gut microbiota can now, therefore, be targeted to improve efficacy and reduce the toxicity of current chemotherapy agents. In this Review, we outline the implications of pharmacomicrobiomics in cancer therapeutics and define how the microbiota might be modified in clinical practice to improve efficacy and reduce the toxic burden of these compounds.
Collapse
|
26
|
Redondo-Blanco S, Fernández J, Gutiérrez-Del-Río I, Villar CJ, Lombó F. New Insights toward Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy Using Natural Bioactive Compounds. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:109. [PMID: 28352231 PMCID: PMC5348533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy consists in the simultaneous administration of a conventional chemotherapy drug (or sometimes, a radiotherapy protocol) together with one or more natural bioactives (usually from plant or fungal origin) of small molecular weight. This combination of anticancer drugs may be applied to cell cultures of tumor cells, or to an animal model for a cancer type (or its xenograft), or to a clinical trial in patients. In this review, we summarize current knowledge describing diverse synergistic effects on colorectal cancer cell cultures, animal models, and clinical trials of various natural bioactives (stilbenes, flavonoids, terpenes, curcumin, and other structural families), which may be important with respect to diminish final doses of the chemotherapy drug, although maintaining its biological effect. This is important as these approaches may help reduce side effects in patients under conventional chemotherapy. Also, these molecules may exerts their synergistic effects via different cell cycle pathways, including different ones to those responsible of resistance phenotypes: transcription factors, membrane receptors, adhesion and structural molecules, cell cycle regulatory components, and apoptosis pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Redondo-Blanco
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-Del-Río
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claudio J Villar
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen G, Ge H, Li J, Li J, Zhai X, Wu J, Song Y. Microbial transformation of 20(R)-panaxadiol by Absidia corymbifera AS 3.3387. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
28
|
Wong AST, Che CM, Leung KW. Recent advances in ginseng as cancer therapeutics: a functional and mechanistic overview. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:256-72. [PMID: 25347695 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00080c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Ginseng, a key ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, shows great promise as a new treatment option. As listed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health as a complementary and alternative medicine, its anti-cancer functions are being increasingly recognized. This review covers the mechanisms of action of ginsenosides and their metabolites, which can modulate signaling pathways associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, metastasis, and stem/progenitor-like properties of cancer cells. The emerging use of structurally modified ginsenosides and recent clinical studies on the use of ginseng either alone or in combination with other herbs or Western medicines which are exploited as novel therapeutic strategies will also be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice S T Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang CZ, Zhang Z, Wan JY, Zhang CF, Anderson S, He X, Yu C, He TC, Qi LW, Yuan CS. Protopanaxadiol, an active ginseng metabolite, significantly enhances the effects of fluorouracil on colon cancer. Nutrients 2015; 7:799-814. [PMID: 25625815 PMCID: PMC4344561 DOI: 10.3390/nu7020799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of protopanaxadiol (PPD), a gut microbiome induced ginseng metabolite, in increasing the anticancer effects of a chemotherapeutic agent fluorouracil (5-FU) on colorectal cancer. An in vitro HCT-116 colorectal cancer cell proliferation test was conducted to observe the effects of PPD, 5-FU and their co-administration and the related mechanisms of action. Then, an in vivo xenografted athymic mouse model was used to confirm the in vitro data. Our results showed that the human gut microbiome converted ginsenoside compound K to PPD as a metabolite. PPD and 5-FU significantly inhibited HCT-116 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner (both p < 0.01), and the effects of 5-FU were very significantly enhanced by combined treatment with PPD (p < 0.01). Cell cycle evaluation demonstrated that 5-FU markedly induced the cancer cell S phase arrest, while PPD increased arrest in G1 phase. Compared to the control, 5-FU and PPD increased apoptosis, and their co-administration significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells (p < 0.01). Using bioluminescence imaging, in vivo data revealed that 5-FU significantly reduced the tumor growth up to Day 20 (p < 0.05). PPD and 5-FU co-administration very significantly reduced the tumor size in a dose-related manner (p < 0.01 compared to the 5-FU alone). The quantification of the tumor size and weight changes for 43 days supported the in vivo imaging data. Our results demonstrated that the co-administration of PPD and 5-FU significantly inhibited the tumor growth, indicating that PPD significantly enhanced the anticancer action of 5-FU, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. PPD may have a clinical value in 5-FU’s cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Jin-Yi Wan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Samantha Anderson
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Xin He
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Chunhao Yu
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vayghan HJ, Ghadimi SS, Nourazarian AR. Preventive and therapeutic roles of ginseng - focus on colon cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:585-8. [PMID: 24568461 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases all over the world. Early screening and start of chemotherapy is effective in decreasing mortality. This type of cancer can be controlled to some extent via a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables. Ginseng is a plant which has been consumed as a herbal medicine for thousands of years in Asian countries. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that this plant not only reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer, but also improves patient's status by enhancing the effects of chemotherapy drugs. However, further studies are needed to prove this relationship. We briefly review ginseng and its components such as ginsenosides reported anticancer effects and their mechanisms of action. Understanding these relationships may produce insights into chemical and pharmacological approaches for enhancing the chemo preventive effects of ginsenosides and for developing novel anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Jafari Vayghan
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran E-mail :
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
He YS, Sun W, Wang CZ, Qi LW, Yang J, Li P, Wen XD, Yuan CS. Effects of American ginseng on pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:762-7. [PMID: 25339249 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in combination with or without American ginseng (seven-consecutive days oral dose) in rats were evaluated using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Chromatographic separation was performed on a reverse LC column within a total run time of 6.5 min, which allowed for a relatively quick analysis. The limit of quantification for 5-FU was 15 ng/mL and this method was linear over 15-50,000 ng/mL. This method supported stabilizing determination of the plasma concentration of 5-FU over a period of 24 h. Precision both interday and intraday (coefficient of variation) was within 14% and accuracy (relative error) ranged from -5 to 14%. In view of the observed pharmacokinetic parameters, including maximum concentration, time to maximum concentration, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), mean residence time, elimination half-life and clearance, our results showed no significant differences in all of the pharmacokinetic parameters between the ginseng co-treated group and 5-FU alone group. Some increase in AUC was observed in 5-FU plus ginseng group; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance compared with 5-FU alone. It appeared that American ginseng administration did not significantly alter the kinetics of 5-FU. More studies are still needed to confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lin XH, Cao MN, He WN, Yu SW, Guo DA, Ye M. Biotransformation of 20(R)-panaxadiol by the fungus Rhizopus chinensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 105:129-134. [PMID: 24994672 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microbial transformation of 20(R)-panaxadiol by the fungus Rhizopus chinensis CICC 3043 yielded seven metabolites. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. R. chinensis could catalyze hydroxylation and further dehydrogenation at C-24 of 20(R)-panaxadiol, as well as hydroxylation at C-7, C-15, C-16, and C-29. Three of these compounds at 10μM could moderately inhibit growth of HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells with an inhibition rate of about 40%. Three compounds (also at 10μM) showed approximately 30% inhibition on NF-κB transcriptional activity in SW480 human colon carcinoma cells stably transfected with NF-κB luciferase reporter and induced by LPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Hao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming-Nan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen-Ni He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Si-Wang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chemopreventive effects of oplopantriol A, a novel compound isolated from Oplopanax horridus, on colorectal cancer. Nutrients 2014; 6:2668-80. [PMID: 25045937 PMCID: PMC4113763 DOI: 10.3390/nu6072668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oplopanax horridus is a North American botanical that has received limited investigations. We previously isolated over a dozen of the constituents from O. horridus, and among them oplopantriol A (OPT A) is a novel compound. In this study, we firstly evaluated the in vivo chemoprevention activities of OPT A using the xenograft colon cancer mouse model. Our data showed that this compound significantly suppressed tumor growth with dose-related effects (p < 0.01). Next, we characterized the compound's growth inhibitory effects in human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT-116 and SW-480. With OPT A treatment, these malignant cells were significantly inhibited in both a concentration- and time-dependent manner (both p < 0.01). The IC50 was approximately 5 µM for HCT-116 and 7 µM for SW-480 cells. OPT A significantly induced apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. From further mechanism explorations, our data showed that OPT A significantly upregulated the expression of a cluster of genes, especially the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and caspase family, suggesting that the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptotic pathway plays a key role in OPT A induced apoptosis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ginseng and anticancer drug combination to improve cancer chemotherapy: a critical review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:168940. [PMID: 24876866 PMCID: PMC4021740 DOI: 10.1155/2014/168940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng, a well-known herb, is often used in combination with anticancer drugs to enhance chemotherapy. Its wide usage as well as many documentations are often cited to support its clinical benefit of such combination therapy. However the literature based on objective evidence to make such recommendation is still lacking. The present review critically evaluated relevant studies reported in English and Chinese literature on such combination. Based on our review, we found good evidence from in vitro and in vivo animal studies showing enhanced antitumor effect when ginseng is used in combination with some anticancer drugs. However, there is insufficient clinical evidence of such benefit as very few clinical studies are available. Future research should focus on clinically relevant studies of such combination to validate the utility of ginseng in cancer.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lin M, Gao H, Liu J, Han L, Zhang Q, Li P. UPLC-MS/MS determination and pharmacokinetic study of 26-OH-panaxadiol in rat plasma. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2013; 5:6656-6662. [PMID: 36171686 DOI: 10.1039/c3ay41320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dammar-20S, 25R-epoxy-3β, 12β, 26-triol (26-OH-panaxadiol), the new sapogenin product of the oxidative cyclization of protopanaxadiol from ginseng, exhibits a significant pharmacological effect as an anti-tumor agent. A sensitive and rapid analytical method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was initially developed for the detection of 26-OH-panaxadiol in rat plasma. Pre-treatment of the sample obtained from the plasma involved a single protein precipitation step using methanol. 26-OH-panaxadiol and an internal standard (IS), tanshinone II A, were separated on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 analytical column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) using acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in water (80 : 20, v/v) as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min-1. Chromatography of the 26-OH-panaxadiol and IS was performed within 3 minutes. Detection was performed through positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 1-1000 ng mL-1 (r > 0.9960). The limit of detection (LOD) and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.3 ng mL-1 and 1.0 ng mL-1, respectively. The intra- and inter-day deviations (expressed as relative standard deviation, RSD) were ≤4.8% and ≤8.5%, respectively, and the accuracy (expressed as relative error, RE) was in the range of 4.5% to 5.3%. The recoveries of 26-OH-panaxadiol and IS were 91.2% and 98.7%, respectively, and the matrix effects were satisfactory in all of the biological matrices examined. This fully validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of rats after a single initial intragastric administration of 15 mg kg-1 26-OH-panaxadiol. The main pharmaco-kinetic parameters: Tmax (the time to peak), Cmax (the concentration to peak), and t1/2 (the biological half life) were 3.08 ± 1.24 h, 2833.86 ± 1246.08 μg L-1, 5.14 ± 1.01 h, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Hongmei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Liu Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Qinghe Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gu C, Qiao J, Zhu M, Du J, Shang W, Yin W, Wang W, Han M, Lu W. Preliminary evaluation of the interactions of Panax ginseng and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge with 5-fluorouracil on pharmacokinetics in rats and pharmacodynamics in human cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:443-58. [PMID: 23548131 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of cancer patients are using herbs in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic treatment. It is therefore important to study the potential consequences of the interactions between herbs and anticancer drugs. The effects of extracts from Panax ginseng (PGS) and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) on the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were performed in vivo and detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while, an ATP assay was used to study the pharmacodynamic interactions in vitro. The results of the pharmacokinetic experiments showed a significant increase in the elimination half-life (t1/2(k e )) of 5-FU in the PGS-pretreated group and in the area under the curve (AUC) in the SMB-pretreated group compared with the control group. However, after SMB pretreatment, weight loss was observed in rats. The results of pharmacodynamic experiments showed that neither PGS nor SMB, when used alone, directly inhibited cancer cell growth at 0.1-100 μg/ml. Moreover, PGS had a synergistic cytotoxic effect with 5-FU on human gastric cancer cells but not on normal gastric cells. The results imply that when combined with 5-FU, PGS may be a better candidate for further study. This study might provide insights for the selection of herbal-chemotherapy agent interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang CZ, Li B, Wen XD, Zhang Z, Yu C, Calway TD, He TC, Du W, Yuan CS. Paraptosis and NF-κB activation are associated with protopanaxadiol-induced cancer chemoprevention. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:2. [PMID: 23281928 PMCID: PMC3575249 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is a triterpenoid that can be prepared from steamed ginseng. PPD possesses anticancer potential via caspase-dependent apoptosis. Whether paraptosis, a type of the caspase-independent cell death, is also induced by PPD has not been evaluated. Methods Cell death, the cell cycle and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed by flow cytometry after staining with annexin V/PI, PI/RNase or H2DCFDA. We observed morphological changes by crystal violet staining assay. Mitochondrial swelling was measured by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. The activation of NF-κB was measured by luciferase reporter assay. Results At comparable concentrations of 5-fluorouracil, PPD induced more cell death in human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT-116 and SW-480. We demonstrated that PPD induced paraptosis in these cancer cells. PPD treatment significantly increased the percentage of cancer cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles. After the cells were treated with PPD and cycloheximides, cytoplasmic vacuole generation was inhibited. The paraptotic induction effect of PPD was also supported by the results of the mitochondrial swelling assay. PPD induced ROS production in cancer cells, which activated the NF-κB pathway. Blockage of ROS by NAC or PS-1145 inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling. Conclusions PPD induces colorectal cancer cell death in part by induction of paraptosis. The anticancer activity of PPD may be enhanced by antioxidants such as green tea, which also inhibit the activation of NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
|
38
|
Loizzo MR, Menichini F, Tundis R. Recent Insights into the Emerging Role of Triterpenoids in Cancer Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59603-1.00001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
|
39
|
Wang CZ, Calway T, Yuan CS. Herbal medicines as adjuvants for cancer therapeutics. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:657-69. [PMID: 22809022 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, many patients, including cancer patients, concurrently take prescription drugs and herbal supplements. Co-administration of prescription medicines and herbal supplements may have negative outcomes via pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions. However, multiple constituents in botanicals may also yield beneficial pharmacological activities. Botanicals could possess effective anticancer compounds that may be used as adjuvants to existing chemotherapy to improve efficacy and/or reduce drug-induced toxicity. Herbal medicines, such as ginseng, potentiated the effects of chemotherapeutic agents via synergistic activities, supported by cell cycle evaluations, apoptotic observations, and computer-based docking analysis. Since botanicals are nearly always administrated orally, the role of intestinal microbiota in metabolizing ginseng constituents is presented. Controlled clinical studies are warranted to verify the clinical utility of the botanicals in cancer chemoprevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gremlin-1 induces BMP-independent tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35100. [PMID: 22514712 PMCID: PMC3325980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gremlin-1, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist, is overexpressed in various cancerous tissues but its role in carcinogenesis has not been established. Here, we report that gremlin-1 binds various cancer cell lines and this interaction is inhibited by our newly developed gremlin-1 antibody, GRE1. Gremlin-1 binding to cancer cells was unaffected by the presence of BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7. In addition, the binding was independent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) expression on the cell surface. Addition of gremlin-1 to A549 cells induced a fibroblast-like morphology and decreased E-cadherin expression. In a scratch wound healing assay, A549 cells incubated with gremlin-1 or transfected with gremlin-1 showed increased migration, which was inhibited in the presence of the GRE1 antibody. Gremlin-1 transfected A549 cells also exhibited increased invasiveness as well as an increased growth rate. These effects were also inhibited by the addition of the GRE1 antibody. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that gremlin-1 directly interacts with cancer cells in a BMP- and VEGFR2-independent manner and can induce cell migration, invasion, and proliferation.
Collapse
|
41
|
Lee NH, Park HJ, Rho JS, Kim MK, Lee YK, Cho EA, Heo J, Cho M, Hwang TH. Drug Interaction between Ginseng Extract (GE) and Sorafenib. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2011.21.11.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
42
|
Liu XK, Ye BJ, Wu Y, Lin ZH, Zhao YQ, Piao HR. Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of panaxadiol derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1997-2002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Revised: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
43
|
Rodriguez M, Du GJ, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Letter to the editor: Panaxadiol's anticancer activity is enhanced by epicatechin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2011; 38:1233-5. [PMID: 21061473 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10008597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the antiproliferative effect of panaxadiol (PD), an active compound in steamed ginseng, on human HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells, and that antioxidants might play a role in this effect. In this study, we observed that PD's antiproliferative effect was significantly enhanced by epicatechin (EC), a strong natural antioxidant in grape seed. Evidence for the synergistic antiproliferative effect was supported by the remarkable increase in the number of apoptotic cells.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wee J, Park K, Chung AS. Biological Activities of Ginseng and Its Application to Human Health. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DISEASE 2011. [DOI: 10.1201/b10787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
45
|
Cui X, Jin Y, Poudyal D, Chumanevich AA, Davis T, Windust A, Hofseth A, Wu W, Habiger J, Pena E, Wood P, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Hofseth L. Mechanistic insight into the ability of American ginseng to suppress colon cancer associated with colitis. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1734-41. [PMID: 20729391 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that American ginseng (AG) prevents and treats mouse colitis. Because both mice and humans with chronic colitis have a high colon cancer risk, we tested the hypothesis that AG can be used to prevent colitis-driven colon cancer. Using the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model of ulcerative colitis, we show that AG can suppress colon cancer associated with colitis. To explore the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of AG, we also carried out antibody array experiments on colon cells isolated at a precancerous stage. We found there were 82 protein end points that were either significantly higher (41 proteins) or significantly lower (41 proteins) in the AOM + DSS group compared with the AOM-alone (control) group. In contrast, there were only 19 protein end points that were either significantly higher (10 proteins) or significantly lower (9 proteins) in the AOM + DSS + AG group compared with the AOM-alone (control) group. Overall, these results suggest that AG keeps the colon environment in metabolic equilibrium when mice are treated with AOM + DSS and gives insight into the mechanisms by which AG protects from colon cancer associated with colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Qi LW, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. American ginseng: potential structure-function relationship in cancer chemoprevention. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:947-54. [PMID: 20599804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng has a prominent position on the list of best-selling herbal products in the world, and its main active constituents are thought to be ginsenosides. Compared with the long history of use and widespread research on Asian ginseng, studies of American ginseng are relatively limited, especially regarding cancer chemoprevention. In recent studies of American ginseng, steaming or heating altered the ginsenoside profile and thereby increased anticancer effects. Yet the ginsenoside structures and their activities have not been systematically elucidated. In this commentary, we introduce the different ginsenosides in American ginseng, both the naturally occurring compounds and those resulting from steaming or biotransformation. We briefly review American ginseng's reported anticancer effects and their mechanisms of action, and explore the possible structural-function relationship with a focus on sugar molecules, hydroxyl groups and stereoselectivity in ginsenosides. Understanding these relationships may produce insights into chemical and pharmacological approaches for enhancing the chemopreventive effects of ginsenoside and for developing novel anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Wen Qi
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|