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Pasdaran A, Zare M, Hamedi A, Hamedi A. A Review of the Chemistry and Biological Activities of Natural Colorants, Dyes, and Pigments: Challenges, and Opportunities for Food, Cosmetics, and Pharmaceutical Application. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300561. [PMID: 37471105 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Natural pigments are important sources for the screening of bioactive lead compounds. This article reviewed the chemistry and therapeutic potentials of over 570 colored molecules from plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, algae, and marine sources. Moreover, related biological activities, advanced extraction, and identification approaches were reviewed. A variety of biological activities, including cytotoxicity against cancer cells, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-microbial, antiviral, and anti-protozoal activities, have been reported for different pigments. Considering their structural backbone, they were classified as naphthoquinones, carotenoids, flavonoids, xanthones, anthocyanins, benzotropolones, alkaloids, terpenoids, isoprenoids, and non-isoprenoids. Alkaloid pigments were mostly isolated from bacteria and marine sources, while flavonoids were mostly found in plants and mushrooms. Colored quinones and xanthones were mostly extracted from plants and fungi, while colored polyketides and terpenoids are often found in marine sources and fungi. Carotenoids are mostly distributed among bacteria, followed by fungi and plants. The pigments isolated from insects have different structures, but among them, carotenoids and quinone/xanthone are the most important. Considering good manufacturing practices, the current permitted natural colorants are: Carotenoids (canthaxanthin, β-carotene, β-apo-8'-carotenal, annatto, astaxanthin) and their sources, lycopene, anthocyanins, betanin, chlorophyllins, spirulina extract, carmine and cochineal extract, henna, riboflavin, pyrogallol, logwood extract, guaiazulene, turmeric, and soy leghemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Zare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student research committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Avula B, Katragunta K, Osman AG, Ali Z, John Adams S, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Advances in the Chemistry, Analysis and Adulteration of Anthocyanin Rich-Berries and Fruits: 2000-2022. Molecules 2023; 28:560. [PMID: 36677615 PMCID: PMC9865467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are reported to exhibit a wide variety of remedial qualities against many human disorders, including antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory activity, amelioration of cardiovascular diseases, improvement of cognitive decline, and are touted to protect against neurodegenerative disorders. Anthocyanins are water soluble naturally occurring polyphenols containing sugar moiety and are found abundantly in colored fruits/berries. Various chromatographic (HPLC/HPTLC) and spectroscopic (IR, NMR) techniques as standalone or in hyphenated forms such as LC-MS/LC-NMR are routinely used to gauge the chemical composition and ensure the overall quality of anthocyanins in berries, fruits, and finished products. The major emphasis of the current review is to compile and disseminate various analytical methodologies on characterization, quantification, and chemical profiling of the whole array of anthocyanins in berries, and fruits within the last two decades. In addition, the factors affecting the stability of anthocyanins, including pH, light exposure, solvents, metal ions, and the presence of other substances, such as enzymes and proteins, were addressed. Several sources of anthocyanins, including berries and fruit with their botanical identity and respective yields of anthocyanins, were covered. In addition to chemical characterization, economically motivated adulteration of anthocyanin-rich fruits and berries due to increasing consumer demand will also be the subject of discussion. Finally, the health benefits and the medicinal utilities of anthocyanins were briefly discussed. A literature search was performed using electronic databases from PubMed, Science Direct, SciFinder, and Google Scholar, and the search was conducted covering the period from January 2000 to November 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kumar Katragunta
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed G. Osman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USA
| | | | | | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University, MS 38677, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Phytochemicals for the Prevention and Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence and Molecular Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133278. [PMID: 35805049 PMCID: PMC9265746 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most frequently diagnosed kidney cancer. Once RCC metastasizes, successful treatment is difficult to achieve. There is an apparent need for novel approaches to prevent and treat RCC. Phytochemicals are naturally derived compounds gaining increasing scientific interest due to their cancer preventive and chemotherapeutic properties. These phytochemicals have been shown to exhibit a multitude of anticancer effects against RCC. In this systematic review, we critically evaluate the potential these natural compounds possess for the prevention and treatment of RCC and discuss the future implications this may have in the fight against kidney cancer. Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with about 90% of renal malignancies, and its incidence is increasing globally. Plant-derived compounds have gained significant attention in the scientific community for their preventative and therapeutic effects on cancer. To evaluate the anticancer potential of phytocompounds for RCC, we compiled a comprehensive and systematic review of the available literature. Our work was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. The literature search was performed using scholarly databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect and keywords such as renal cell carcinoma, phytochemicals, cancer, tumor, proliferation, apoptosis, prevention, treatment, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Based on in vitro results, various phytochemicals, such as phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds, suppressed cell viability, proliferation and growth, showed cytotoxic activity, inhibited invasion and migration, and enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in RCC. In various animal tumor models, phytochemicals suppressed renal tumor growth, reduced tumor size, and hindered angiogenesis and metastasis. The relevant antineoplastic mechanisms involved upregulation of caspases, reduction in cyclin activity, induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via modulation of a plethora of cell signaling pathways. Clinical studies demonstrated a reduced risk for the development of kidney cancer and enhancement of the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Both preclinical and clinical studies displayed significant promise of utilizing phytochemicals for the prevention and treatment of RCC. Further research, confirming the mechanisms and regulatory pathways, along with randomized controlled trials, are needed to establish the use of phytochemicals in clinical practice.
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YIN M, XIE J, XIE C, LUO M, YANG X. Extration, identification and stability ananlysis of anthocyanins from organic Guizhou blueberries in China. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.33520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiao XIE
- Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Chun XIE
- Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Mao LUO
- Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Xin YANG
- Guizhou Medical University, China
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Groh IAM, Bakuradze T, Pahlke G, Richling E, Marko D. Consumption of anthocyanin-rich beverages affects Nrf2 and Nrf2-dependent gene transcription in peripheral lymphocytes and DNA integrity of healthy volunteers. BMC Chem 2020; 14:39. [PMID: 32514500 PMCID: PMC7260737 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that the consumption of a bolus of bilberry extract modulates the transcription of Nrf2-regulated genes in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of healthy volunteers, accompanied by decreased DNA-damage. In the present study, we addressed the question whether consumption of consumer-relevant amounts of anthocyanin-rich beverages can achieve similar effects. The impact of three different anthocyanin-rich beverages on Nrf2-dependent gene transcription as well as and the status of DNA-damage in whole blood was investigated. After a polyphenol-reduced diet, five healthy male subjects consumed a bolus (700 mL) of respective test beverages with blood sampling up to 8 h after intake. All beverages affected the transcription of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO-1, but showed different potencies and persistence of effects. Consumption of red fruit juice significantly reduced total DNA strand breaks (with formamidopyrimidine-DNA-glycosylase-(fpg) treatment) after 8 h in blood samples of the volunteers, suggesting antioxidant and DNA protective effects, albeit transcript levels of Nrf2-dependent genes had reached the basal state. The amount of basic DNA strand breaks (damage without oxidative DNA strand breaks) remained unchanged during the monitoring period. In contrast, a beverage prepared from grape skin extract significantly increased basic and total DNA strand breaks 2 h after intake, underlining the necessity of further investigations regarding composition, safety and consumer´s acceptance of respective products to exclude undesired adverse effects. Consumption of a bolus of anthocyanin-rich beverages affected Nrf2 and Nrf2-dependent gene transcription in human PBL and DNA integrity, which is indicative for systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Anna Maria Groh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Present Address: Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomic, University of Tuebingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universitaet Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gudrun Pahlke
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universitaet Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Peniche-Pavía HA, Tiessen A. Anthocyanin Profiling of Maize Grains Using DIESI-MSQD Reveals That Cyanidin-Based Derivatives Predominate in Purple Corn, whereas Pelargonidin-Based Molecules Occur in Red-Pink Varieties from Mexico. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5980-5994. [PMID: 32379971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Corn seeds contain natural pigments and antioxidants, such as the molecular variants of flavonoids and carotenoids. The aleurone and pericarp tissues from pigmented genotypes were extracted for metabolic fingerprinting and evaluated using UV-vis and mass spectrometry (MS). MS ionomic fingerprints classified samples according to genetic background and kernel color. The MS/MS fragmentation pattern (Daughter and Neutral Loss methods) allowed the tentative identification of 18 anthocyanins with glycosyl, malonyl, and succinyl moieties, including 535 m/z for cyanidin-3-O-(6″-malonyl-glucoside) and 621 m/z for cyanidin-3-O-(3″,6″-dimalonyl-glucoside). We also detected 663 m/z for pelargonidin-3-O-(disuccinyl-glucoside) and 633 m/z for peonidin-3-O-(disuccinyl-glucoside). Cyanidin-based anthocyanins were the most abundant in dark purple colored kernels, while pelargonidins predominated in the red-pink kernels of the "Elote occidental" landrace. Grains of "Conico negro" had a simultaneous pigmentation of aleurone and pericarp, while Vitamaize had purple pigmentation only in the aleurone layer. Most landraces had a white endosperm, while Vitamaize had a yellow endosperm and a dark seed coat. We conclude that Vitamaize grains contain both carotenes and anthocyanins, and therefore it is proposed as a nontransgenic agronomically improved variety of tropical purple maize, a good source for organic superfoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor A Peniche-Pavía
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
| | - Axel Tiessen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional PlanTECC, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
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Heng S, Wang L, Yang X, Huang H, Chen G, Cui M, Liu M, Lv Q, Wan Z, Shen J, Fu T. Genetic and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealed DEGs Involved in the Purple Leaf Formation in Brassica juncea. Front Genet 2020; 11:322. [PMID: 32391051 PMCID: PMC7193680 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica juncea is an important dietary vegetable cultivated and consumed in China for its edible stalks and leaves. The purple leaf mustard, which is rich in anthocyanins, is eye-catching and delivers valuable nutrition. However, the molecular mechanism involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis has not been well studied in B. juncea. Here, histological and transcriptome analyses were used to characterize the purple leaf color and gene expression profiles. Free-hand section analysis showed that the anthocyanin was mainly accumulated in the adaxial epidermal leaf cells. The anthocyanin content in the purple leaves was significantly higher than that in the green leaves. To investigate the critical genes and pathways involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, the transcriptome analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the purple and green leaves from the backcrossed BC3 segregation population in B. juncea. A total of 2,286 different expressed genes were identified between the purple and green leaves. Among them, 1,593 DEGs were up-regulated and 693 DEGs were down-regulated. There were 213 differently expressed transcription factors among them. The MYB and bHLH transcription factors, which may regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis, were up-regulated in the purple leaves. Interestingly, most of the genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction pathway were also up-regulated in the purple leaves. The late biosynthetic genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were highly up-regulated in the purple leaves of B. juncea. The up regulation of BjTT8 and BjMYC2 and anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (BjC4H, BjDFR, and BjANS) may activate the purple leaf formation in B. juncea. This study may help to understand the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangping Heng
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Guo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Mengdi Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Mingfang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Qing Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Zhengjie Wan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Goswami G, Nath UK, Park JI, Hossain MR, Biswas MK, Kim HT, Kim HR, Nou IS. Transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in a high-anthocyanin resynthesized Brassica napus cultivar. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (THESSALONIKE, GREECE) 2018; 25:19. [PMID: 30505808 PMCID: PMC6258291 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-018-0090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins are plant secondary metabolites with key roles in attracting insect pollinators and protecting against biotic and abiotic stresses. They have potential health-promoting effects as part of the human diet. Anthocyanin biosynthesis has been elucidated in many species, enabling the development of anthocyanin-enriched fruits, vegetables, and grains; however, few studies have investigated Brassica napus anthocyanin biosynthesis. RESULTS We developed a high-anthocyanin resynthesized B. napus line, Rs035, by crossing anthocyanin-rich B. rapa (A genome) and B. oleracea (C genome) lines, followed by chromosome doubling. We identified and characterized 73 and 58 anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in silico in the A and C genomes, respectively; these genes showed syntenic relationships with 41 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and B. napus. Among the syntenic genes, twelve biosynthetic and six regulatory genes showed transgressively higher expression in Rs035, and eight structural genes and one regulatory gene showed additive expression. We identified three early-, four late-biosynthesis pathways, three transcriptional regulator genes, and one transporter as putative candidates enhancing anthocyanin accumulation in Rs035. Principal component analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficients corroborated the contribution of these genes to anthocyanin accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our study lays the foundation for producing high-anthocyanin B. napus cultivars. The resynthesized lines and the differentially expressed genes we have identified could be used to transfer the anthocyanin traits to other commercial rapeseed lines using molecular and conventional breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Goswami
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
| | - Ujjal Kumar Nath
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
| | - Mohammad Rashed Hossain
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Manosh Kumar Biswas
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
| | - Hoy-Taek Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
- University-Industry Cooperation Foundation, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
| | - Hye Ran Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 South Korea
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Pen S, Nath UK, Song S, Goswami G, Lee JH, Jung HJ, Kim HT, Park JI, Nou IS. Developmental Stage and Shape of Embryo Determine the Efficacy of Embryo Rescue in Introgressing Orange/Yellow Color and Anthocyanin Genes of Brassica Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 7:E99. [PMID: 30428562 PMCID: PMC6313868 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables in Brassica are some of the world's most commonly cultivated plants and have a wide range of consumable plant organs. Improvement of this group of vegetables is limited at the species level due to limited genetic variability. Interspecies hybridization could be a powerful alternate tool for broadening the genetic variability of target traits. Embryo rescue technique is necessarily practiced in interspecies hybridization for protecting embryos from premature abortion. However, its success depends on the age of ovaries, shape of embryos, and the effect of female genotype. In this study, we carried out a wide range of interspecies crossing for introgressing target traits (orange/yellow color in cabbage and anthocyanin in Chinese cabbage) and optimizing the appropriate age of ovaries, the shape of embryo, and the suitable genotypes of such crosses. We observed that 15 DAP (days after pollination) was the best for embryo rescue in the diploid-diploid (Brassica rapa × B. oleracea) crosses, while 20 DAP was optimum for amphidiploid-diploid (B. napus/B. juncea × B. rapa) crosses. Cotyledonary shape of embryos and genotypes of amphidiploid species were the best for successful plant regeneration in interspecies crosses. We successfully selected plants with desired orange/yellow inner leaves for cabbage and higher anthocyanin in Chinese cabbage. The results of this study have the potential to be applied for the efficient production of interspecific hybrids and to develop Brassica vegetables with new traits, which could have potential for the enrichment of the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreyvatey Pen
- Department of Horticulture, Suncheon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Ujjal Kumar Nath
- Department of Horticulture, Suncheon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Samnang Song
- Department of Horticulture, Suncheon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Gayatri Goswami
- Department of Horticulture, Suncheon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hee Lee
- Center for Horticultural Seed Development of Golden Seed Project (GSP), Suncheon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Hee-Jeong Jung
- Department of Horticulture, Suncheon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Hoy-Taek Kim
- University-Industry Cooperation Foundation, Suncheon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Suncheon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Suncheon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea.
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Yahfoufi N, Alsadi N, Jambi M, Matar C. The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Role of Polyphenols. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1618. [PMID: 30400131 PMCID: PMC6266803 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 769] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review offers a systematic understanding about how polyphenols target multiple inflammatory components and lead to anti-inflammatory mechanisms. It provides a clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of phenolic compounds. Polyphenols regulate immunity by interfering with immune cell regulation, proinflammatory cytokines' synthesis, and gene expression. They inactivate NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and modulate mitogen-activated protein Kinase (MAPk) and arachidonic acids pathways. Polyphenolic compounds inhibit phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/AkT), inhibitor of kappa kinase/c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (IKK/JNK), mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) which is a protein complex that controls protein synthesis, and JAK/STAT. They can suppress toll-like receptor (TLR) and pro-inflammatory genes' expression. Their antioxidant activity and ability to inhibit enzymes involved in the production of eicosanoids contribute as well to their anti-inflammation properties. They inhibit certain enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species ROS production like xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase (NOX) while they upregulate other endogenous antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (Px). Furthermore, they inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) leading to a reduction in the production of prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) and inflammation antagonism. The effects of these biologically active compounds on the immune system are associated with extended health benefits for different chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies of plant extracts and compounds show that polyphenols can play a beneficial role in the prevention and the progress of chronic diseases related to inflammation such as diabetes, obesity, neurodegeneration, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases, among other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Yahfoufi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada.
| | - Nawal Alsadi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada.
| | - Majed Jambi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada.
| | - Chantal Matar
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8L1, Canada.
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Nahdi A, Hammami I, Ali RB, Kallech-Ziri O, El May A, El May MV. Effect of Hypericum humifusum aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts on biochemical and histological parameters in adult rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:144-152. [PMID: 30218859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum genus is traditionally known for its medicinal use and its therapeutic and antioxidant effects. However, the toxic effect of this plant has not been much explored. Our study aimed at investigating the effect of Hypericum humifusum (Hh) leaf extracts on oxidative stress parameters in male rats. For it, we first focused on the phytochemical analysis of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Hh leaves. Hence, Wistar rats were treated per gavage for 30 days and divided into Control (1 mL/rat, distilled water), A200 group (200 mg/kg body weight (bw) aqueous extract), A400 group (400 mg/kg bw aqueous extract), M10 group (10 mg/kg bw methanolic extract), M20 group (20 mg/kg bw methanolic extract). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds. Biochemical and histological investigations were performed in plasma and liver tissue. Liver tissue homogenates were used for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. At the same time, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed in plasma samples. Histological study was also conducted in liver. We showed that Hh extracts reduced relative liver weight and increased ALT, AST, LDH activities in treated groups compared to control group. These results were associated with an increase of MDA levels and a decrease of antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and SOD) in liver tissues of treated rats. Histology of liver demonstrated several alterations showing necrosis, altered hepatocytes and lymphocyte migration mainly in A200 group and dilated sinusoids, foamy appearance of hepatocytes and lymphocyte accumulation in the other treated groups. This original work indicated that chronic consumption of Hh leaf extracts has no antioxidant effect but instead it induces oxidative stress and enhances markers of cell damage which was confirmed by histological study of liver rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afef Nahdi
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine, 15 of Djebel Lakhdar Street, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Imen Hammami
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine, 15 of Djebel Lakhdar Street, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Ali
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine, 15 of Djebel Lakhdar Street, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Kallech-Ziri
- National Research Institute of Physico-chemical Analyses, INRAP, Sidi Thabet, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed El May
- Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Place Bab Saadoun, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Michèle Véronique El May
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine, 15 of Djebel Lakhdar Street, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
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12
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Szymanowska U, Baraniak B, Bogucka-Kocka A. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Postulated Cytotoxic Activity of Phenolic and Anthocyanin-Rich Fractions from Polana Raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) Fruit and Juice-In Vitro Study. Molecules 2018; 23:E1812. [PMID: 30037097 PMCID: PMC6099503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of crude extracts (CE), anthocyanin-rich fractions (ARF), and phenolic fractions (PF) from raspberry (R) and raspberry juice (J) were evaluated. The antioxidant properties were evaluated with three complementary assays: DPPH radical scavenging activity, chelating Fe(II) power, and ferric reducing power. The highest antioxidant activity was determined for the crude extract from raspberry pulp (RCE) in the case of all methods used. The anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated by inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity in vitro. The highest efficiency in inhibiting the activity of both enzymes was exhibited by RCE, 0.79 and 0.59 mg FW/mL, respectively. In turn, JARF had the lowest ability to inhibit LOX (EC50 = 4.5 mg FW/mL) and JPF caused the lowest COX-2 inhibition (1.75 mg FW/mL). Additionally, we have performed a pilot study of in vitro cytotoxic activity using two human leukemia cell lines: J45 and HL60. All examined extracts inhibited the viability of J45 cells more effectively than HL60. The highest cytotoxic effect was observed in the J45.01 cell line after exposure to RCE (EC50 = 0.0375 mg FW/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Szymanowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Baraniak
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology with Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Str. 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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13
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Piekarska J, Szczypka M, Kucharska AZ, Gorczykowski M. Effects of iridoid-anthocyanin extract of Cornus mas L. on hematological parameters, population and proliferation of lymphocytes during experimental infection of mice with Trichinella spiralis. Exp Parasitol 2018; 188:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Addition of sucrose during the blueberry heating process is good or bad? Evaluating the changes of anthocyanins/anthocyanidins and the anticancer ability in HepG-2 cells. Food Res Int 2018; 107:509-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Yang T, Li K, Hao S, Zhang J, Song T, Tian J, Yao Y. The Use of RNA Sequencing and Correlation Network Analysis to Study Potential Regulators of Crabapple Leaf Color Transformation. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1027-1042. [PMID: 29474693 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant pigments that contribute to the color of leaves, flowers and fruits, and that are beneficial to human health in the form of dietary antioxidants. The study of a transformable crabapple cultivar, 'India magic', which has red buds and green mature leaves, using mRNA profiling of four leaf developmental stages, allowed us to characterize molecular mechanisms regulating red color formation in early leaf development and the subsequent rapid down-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. This analysis of differential gene expression during leaf development revealed that ethylene signaling-responsive genes are up-regulated during leaf pigmentation. Genes in the ethylene response factor (ERF), SPL, NAC, WRKY and MADS-box transcription factor (TF) families were identified in two weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) modules as having a close relationship to anthocyanin accumulation. Analyses of network hub genes indicated that SPL TFs are located in central positions within anthocyanin-related modules. Furthermore, cis-motif and yeast one-hybrid assays suggested that several anthocyanin biosynthetic or regulatory genes are potential targets of SPL8 and SPL13B. Transient silencing of these two genes confirmed that they play a role in co-ordinating anthocyanin biosynthesis and crabapple leaf development. We present a high-resolution method for identifying regulatory modules associated with leaf pigmentation, which provides a platform for functional genomic studies of anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Keting Li
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Suxiao Hao
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
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Gao C, Guo Y, Wang J, Li D, Liu K, Qi S, Jin C, Duan S, Gong J, Li Z, Chen M. Brassica napusGLABRA3-1 promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis and trichome formation in true leaves when expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:3-9. [PMID: 28940939 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that GLABRA3 (AtGL3), a bHLH transcription factor, plays essential roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis and trichome formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, there have been no such studies of a homologue, BnGL3, from the closely related crop, Brassica napus. Here, we analysed the BnGL3-1 coding domain sequence from the B. napus cultivar QINYOU Seven, identified conserved protein domains and performed a phylogenetic analysis to elucidate its relationship with homologues form a range of plant species. When expressed in tobacco leaves as a fusion protein with green fluorescent protein, BnGL3-1 accumulated in the nucleus, consistent with its predicted function as a transcription factor. Ectopic expression of the BnGL3-1 gene in the A. thaliana gl3-3 mutant resulted in levels of anthocyanins and numbers of trichomes in true leaves that were higher than in wild-type plants. Moreover, overexpression of BnGL3-1 in gl3-3 compensated for the promotion and repression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and trichome formation, respectively, that has been reported in gl3-3 young shoots and expanding true leaves. This study provides new insights into GL3 function in anthocyanin biosynthesis and trichome formation in crucifers, and represents a promising target for genetic manipulation of B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - D Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - K Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - S Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - C Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - S Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - J Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Z Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - M Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Sung J, Ho CT, Wang Y. Preventive mechanism of bioactive dietary foods on obesity-related inflammation and diseases. Food Funct 2018; 9:6081-6095. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the molecular biological mechanism of obesity-induced inflammation and the reciprocal interactions between the major molecular mechanisms and a range of dietary bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehye Sung
- Food Science and Human Nutrition
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida
- 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred
- USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Food Science and Human Nutrition
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida
- 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred
- USA
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18
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Lim WC, Kim H, Kim YJ, Park SH, Song JH, Lee KH, Lee IH, Lee YK, So KA, Choi KC, Ko H. Delphinidin inhibits BDNF-induced migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5337-5343. [PMID: 29122484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the TrkB ligand, is associated with aggressive malignant behavior, including migration and invasion, in tumor cells and a poor prognosis in patients with various types of cancer. Delphinidin is a diphenylpropane-based polyphenolic ring structure-harboring compound, which exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-mutagenic activity. However, the possible role of delphinidin in the cancer migration and invasion is unclear. We investigated the suppressive effect of delphinidin on the cancer migration and invasion. Thus, we found that BDNF enhanced cancer migration and invasion in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell. To exam the inhibitory role of delphinidin in SKOV3 ovarian cancer migration and invasion, we investigated the use of delphinidin as inhibitors of BDNF-induced motility and invasiveness in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Here, we found that delphinidin prominently inhibited the BDNF-induced increase in cell migration and invasion of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, delphinidin remarkably inhibited BDNF-stimulated expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Also, delphinidin antagonized the phosphorylation of Akt and nuclear translocation of NF-κB permitted by the BDNF in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, our findings provide new evidence that delphinidin suppressed the BDNF-induced ovarian cancer migration and invasion through decreasing of Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Chul Lim
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunhee Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Heon Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Ho Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Kyung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyeong A So
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hyeonseok Ko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea.
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19
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Hammami I, Ali RB, Nahdi A, Kallech-Ziri O, Boussada M, El May A, El May MV. Chronic consumption of Hypericum humifusum leaf extracts impairs epididymis spermatozoa characters in association with oxidative stress in adult male Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:616-625. [PMID: 28686976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest in Hypericum (Hypericaceae) genus. The first part of the present study focused on the phytochemical analysis of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of Hypericum humifusum leaves. The second part of the study investigated the effect of Hypericum humifusum leaf extracts on male reproductive parameters. 30 male rats were grouped into control (1mL/rat, distilled water), treated by 200mg/kg body weight (bw) aqueous extract (A200), 400mg/kg bw aqueous extract (A400), 10mg/kg bw methanolic extract (M10) and 20mg/kg bw methanolic extract (M20) groups. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds. After thirty-day treatment, body and reproductive organs were weighed. Testes in all rat groups were processed for biochemical assays and histopathological examinations. Epididymis sperm analyses were also performed. Testicular tissue homogenate samples were used for Malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) measurements. We showed that Hh extracts induced a severe seminiferous tubular damage with an increase in the percentage of empty seminiferous tubules. Epididymis sperm analysis revealed a significant reduction in density and viability of sperm with alteration of spermatozoa morphology. Also, we found that Hh leaf extracts decreased plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides levels. These results were associated with an increase of MDA levels and a decrease of catalase and SOD activities in testis tissues. Our finding revealed that chronic consumption of Hh extracts induces disruption of normal spermatogenesis by alteration of sperm density, viability, and morphology. This action may be due to an inhibition of the antioxidant-defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Hammami
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine 15 of Djebel Lakhdar Street 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ridha Ben Ali
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine 15 of Djebel Lakhdar Street 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Afef Nahdi
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine 15 of Djebel Lakhdar Street 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Kallech-Ziri
- National Research Institute of Physico-chemical Analyses, INRAP, Sidi Thabet 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Boussada
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine 15 of Djebel Lakhdar Street 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed El May
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine 15 of Djebel Lakhdar Street 1007 Tunis, Tunisia; Salah Azaiez Cancer Institute, Place Bab Saadoun 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Michèle Véronique El May
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine 15 of Djebel Lakhdar Street 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
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20
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Braicu C, Mehterov N, Vladimirov B, Sarafian V, Nabavi SM, Atanasov AG, Berindan-Neagoe I. Nutrigenomics in cancer: Revisiting the effects of natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:84-106. [PMID: 28676460 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutrigenomics effects have an important role in the manipulation of dietary components for human benefit, particularly in cancer prevention or treatment. The impact of dietary components, including phytochemicals, is largely studied by nutrigenomics, looking at the gene expression and molecular mechanisms interacting with bioactive compounds and nutrients, based on new 'omics' technologies. The high number of preclinical studies proves the relevant role of nutrigenomics in cancer management. By deciphering the network of nutrient-gene connections associated with cancer, relevant data will be transposed as therapeutic interventions for this devastating pathology and for fulfilling the concept of personalized nutrition. All these are presented under the nutrigenomics canopy for a better comprehension of the relation between ingested phytochemicals and chemoprevention or chemotherapy. The profits from the nutrigenomics progress, with a particular focus on the coding and noncoding genes related to the exposure of natural compounds need to be validated. A precise attention receives the evaluation of the role of natural compounds in tandem with conventional therapy using genomic approaches, with emphasis on the capacity to inhibit drug resistance mechanisms. All these relevant nutrigenomics aspects are summarized in the present review paper. It is concluded that further nutrigenomics studies are required to improve our understanding related to the complex mechanisms of action of the natural compounds and for their appropriate application as gears in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15-А Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, 15-А Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139, Ruski Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Boyan Vladimirov
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, 3 Hristo Botev Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital St. George, 66 Peshtersko Shosse Blvd., Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, 15-А Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, 15-А Vassil Aprilov Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Sheikh Bahaei St., P.O. Box 19395, 5487 Tehran, Iran
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria; Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Street, 05-552, Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; MEDFUTURE -Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republici 34 Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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21
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Xie L, Liu P, Zhu Z, Zhang S, Zhang S, Li F, Zhang H, Li G, Wei Y, Sun R. Phylogeny and Expression Analyses Reveal Important Roles for Plant PKS III Family during the Conquest of Land by Plants and Angiosperm Diversification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1312. [PMID: 27625671 PMCID: PMC5004622 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyketide synthases (PKSs) utilize the products of primary metabolism to synthesize a wide array of secondary metabolites in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. PKSs can be grouped into three distinct classes, types I, II, and III, based on enzyme structure, substrate specificity, and catalytic mechanisms. The type III PKS enzymes function as homodimers, and are the only class of PKS that do not require acyl carrier protein. Plant type III PKS enzymes, also known as chalcone synthase (CHS)-like enzymes, are of particular interest due to their functional diversity. In this study, we mined type III PKS gene sequences from the genomes of six aquatic algae and 25 land plants (1 bryophyte, 1 lycophyte, 2 basal angiosperms, 16 core eudicots, and 5 monocots). PKS III sequences were found relatively conserved in all embryophytes, but not exist in algae. We also examined gene expression patterns by analyzing available transcriptome data, and identified potential cis-regulatory elements in upstream sequences. Phylogenetic trees of dicots angiosperms showed that plant type III PKS proteins fall into three clades. Clade A contains CHS/STS-type enzymes coding genes with diverse transcriptional expression patterns and enzymatic functions, while clade B is further divided into subclades b1 and b2, which consist of anther-specific CHS-like enzymes. Differentiation regions, such as amino acids 196-207 between clades A and B, and predicted positive selected sites within α-helixes in late appeared branches of clade A, account for the major diversification in substrate choice and catalytic reaction. The integrity and location of conserved cis-elements containing MYB and bHLH binding sites can affect transcription levels. Potential binding sites for transcription factors such as WRKY, SPL, or AP2/EREBP may contribute to tissue- or taxon-specific differences in gene expression. Our data shows that gene duplications and functional diversification of plant type III PKS enzymes played a critical role in the ancient conquest of the land by early plants and angiosperm diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xie
- Department of Chinese Cabbage, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Pingli Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zhixin Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Shifan Zhang
- Department of Chinese Cabbage, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Shujiang Zhang
- Department of Chinese Cabbage, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Chinese Cabbage, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chinese Cabbage, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Department of Chinese Cabbage, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yunxiao Wei
- Department of Chinese Cabbage, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Rifei Sun
- Department of Chinese Cabbage, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
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Xie L, Li F, Zhang S, Zhang H, Qian W, Li P, Zhang S, Sun R. Mining for Candidate Genes in an Introgression Line by Using RNA Sequencing: The Anthocyanin Overaccumulation Phenotype in Brassica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1245. [PMID: 27597857 PMCID: PMC4992693 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Introgression breeding is a widely used method for the genetic improvement of crop plants; however, the mechanism underlying candidate gene flow patterns during hybridization is poorly understood. In this study, we used a powerful pipeline to investigate a Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) introgression line with the anthocyanin overaccumulation phenotype. Our purpose was to analyze the gene flow patterns during hybridization and elucidate the genetic factors responsible for the accumulation of this important pigment compound. We performed RNA-seq analysis by using two pipelines, one with and one without a reference sequence, to obtain transcriptome data. We identified 930 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the purple-leaf introgression line and B. rapa green cultivar, namely, 389 up-regulated and 541 down-regulated DEGs that mapped to the B. rapa reference genome. Since only one anthocyanin pathway regulatory gene was identified, i.e., Bra037887 (bHLH), we mined unmapped reads, revealing 2031 de novo assembled unigenes, including c3563g1i2. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that c3563g1i2, which was transferred from the Brassica B genome of the donor parental line Brassica juncea, may represent an R2R3-MYB transcription factor that participates in the ternary transcriptional activation complex responsible for the anthocyanin overaccumulation phenotype of the B. rapa introgression line. We also identified genes involved in cold and light reaction pathways that were highly upregulated in the introgression line, as confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The results of this study shed light on the mechanisms underlying the purple leaf trait in Brassica plants and may facilitate the use of introgressive hybridization for many traits of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shujiang Zhang
- Department of Chinese Cabbage, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Rifei Sun
- Department of Chinese Cabbage, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
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23
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Aichinger G, Pahlke G, Nagel LJ, Berger W, Marko D. Bilberry extract, its major polyphenolic compounds, and the soy isoflavone genistein antagonize the cytostatic drug erlotinib in human epithelial cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:3628-36. [PMID: 27485636 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00570e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Erlotinib (Tarceva®) is a chemotherapeutic drug approved for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Its primary mode of action is the inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Recently, RTK-inhibiting polyphenols have been reported to interact synergistically with erlotinib. Furthermore some anthocyanidins and anthocyanin-rich berry extracts have been reported to inhibit tyrosine kinases, including the EGFR, which raises the question of potential interactions with erlotinib. Polyphenol-rich preparations such as berry- or soy-based products are commercially available as food supplements. In the present study we tested a bilberry extract, its major anthocyanin and potential intestinal degradation products, as well as genistein, with respect to possible interactions with erlotinib. Cell growth inhibition was assessed using the sulforhodamine B assay, while interactions with EGFR phosphorylation were analyzed by SDS-PAGE/western blotting with subsequent immunodetection. Genistein, bilberry extract, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin were found to antagonize erlotinib whereas phloroglucinol aldehyde was found to enhance cytostatic effects of the drug on human epithelial A431 cells. Genistein also antagonized the EGFR inhibitory effects of erlotinib, whereas bilberry anthocyanins showed no significant interactions in this regard. Our data indicate that different polyphenols are potentially able to impair the cytostatic effect of erlotinib in vitro. Genistein interacts via the modulation of erlotinib-mediated EGFR inhibition whereas bilberry anthocyanins modulated the growth-inhibitory effect of erlotinib without affecting EGFR phosphorylation, thus indicating a different mechanism of interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aichinger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Davinelli S, Bertoglio JC, Zarrelli A, Pina R, Scapagnini G. A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of an Anthocyanin-Maqui Berry Extract (Delphinol®) on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers. J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 34 Suppl 1:28-33. [PMID: 26400431 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2015.1080108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Berries are a rich source of anthocyanins, and clinical data suggest that a polyphenol-rich diet may exert health-promoting effects by reducing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of dietary supplementation with Delphinol (trademark owned by MNL Chile) standardized maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis) extract on products of lipid peroxidation in healthy, overweight, and smoker subjects. METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 42 participants (age 45-65 years) consumed in random order either a standardized extract of maqui berry (162 mg anthocyanins) or a matched placebo, given 3 times daily for 4 weeks. The samples were collected at baseline, after the end of the supplementation, and 40 days after the end of the study. Primary outcome was the measure of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and F2-isoprostanes in plasma and urine, respectively. Secondary outcomes included anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and lipid profile. RESULTS Delphinol supplementation was associated with reduced levels of Ox-LDL in the anthocyanin group compared to baseline (p < 0.05). There was also a decrease in urinary F2-isoprostanes (8-iso-prostaglandin F2α) at 4 weeks versus baseline in the Delphinol-supplemented group (p < 0.05). However, no differences in primary outcomes were evident at 40 days of follow-up. In the fourth week of the intervention, no significant differences were noted for anthropometric characteristics, ambulatory blood pressure, and lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that dietary interventions with maqui berry extract may improve oxidative status (Ox-LDL and F2-isoprostanes) in healthy adults, overweight adults, and adult smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- a Department of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Molise , Campobasso , ITALY
| | | | - Armando Zarrelli
- c Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Napoli 'Federico II , Napoli , ITALY
| | - Riccardo Pina
- d Equipe Enervit Srl , Scientific Unit of Enervit Spa , Milano , ITALY
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- a Department of Medicine and Health Sciences , University of Molise , Campobasso , ITALY.,e Inter-University Consortium "SannioTech" , Apollosa ( BN ), ITALY
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25
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Smeriglio A, Barreca D, Bellocco E, Trombetta D. Chemistry, Pharmacology and Health Benefits of Anthocyanins. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1265-86. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- University of Messina; Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
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26
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Tsuda T. Recent Progress in Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetes Effect of Berries. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5020013. [PMID: 27058561 PMCID: PMC4931534 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries are rich in polyphenols such as anthocyanins. Various favorable functions of berries cannot be explained by their anti-oxidant properties, and thus, berries are now receiving great interest as food ingredients with “beyond antioxidant” functions. In this review, we discuss the potential health benefits of anthocyanin-rich berries, with a focus on prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes. To better understand the physiological functionality of berries, the exact molecular mechanism of their anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effect should be clarified. Additionally, the relationship of metabolites and degradation products with health benefits derived from anthocyanins needs to be elucidated. The preventive effects of berries and anthocyanin-containing foods on the metabolic syndrome are not always supported by findings of interventional studies in humans, and thus further studies are necessary. Use of standardized diets and conditions by all research groups may address this problem. Berries are tasty foods that are easy to consume, and thus, investigating their health benefits is critical for health promotion and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Tsuda
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
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27
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Song SE, Jo HJ, Kim YW, Cho YJ, Kim JR, Park SY. Delphinidin prevents high glucose-induced cell proliferation and collagen synthesis by inhibition of NOX-1 and mitochondrial superoxide in mesangial cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 130:235-43. [PMID: 27103328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of delphinidin on high glucose-induced cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in mesangial cells. Glucose dose-dependently (5.6-25 mM) increased cell proliferation and collagen I and IV mRNA levels, whereas pretreatment with delphinidin (50 μM) prevented cell proliferation and the increased collagen mRNA levels induced by high glucose (25 mM). High glucose increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and this was suppressed by pretreating delphinidin or the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 was upregulated by high glucose, but pretreatment with delphinidin abrogated this upregulation. Increased mitochondrial superoxide by 25 mM glucose was also suppressed by delphinidin. The NOX inhibitor apocynin and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito TEMPO inhibited ROS generation and cell proliferation induced by high glucose. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 was increased by high glucose, which was suppressed by delphinidin, apocynin or Mito TEMPO. Furthermore, PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) prevented the high glucose-induced cell proliferation and increased collagen mRNA levels. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β protein levels were elevated by high glucose, and pretreatment with delphinidin or PD98059 prevented this augmentation. These results suggest that delphinidin prevents high glucose-induced cell proliferation and collagen synthesis by inhibition of NOX-1 and mitochondrial superoxide in mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eun Song
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, South Korea
| | - Hye Jun Jo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, South Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, South Korea
| | - Young-Je Cho
- School of Food Sciences & Biotechnology/Food & Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, South Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, South Korea.
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28
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Ko H, Jeong MH, Jeon H, Sung GJ, So Y, Kim I, Son J, Lee SW, Yoon HG, Choi KC. Delphinidin sensitizes prostate cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, by inducing DR5 and causing caspase-mediated HDAC3 cleavage. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9970-84. [PMID: 25991668 PMCID: PMC4496411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAIL can induce apoptosis in some cancer cells and is an immune effector in the surveillance and elimination of developing tumors. Yes, some cancers are resistant to TRAIL. Delphinidin, a polyphenolic compound contained in brightly colored fruits and vegetables, has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumorigenic activities. Here we showed that delphinidin sensitized TRAIL-resistant human prostate cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. Cells treated with delphinidin and TRAIL activated the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of caspase activation. TRAIL-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells pretreated with delphinidin was dependent on death receptor 5 (DR5) and downstream cleavage of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). In conclusion, delphinidin sensitizes prostate cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by inducing DR5, thus causing caspase-mediated HDAC3 cleavage. Our data reveal a potential way of chemoprevention of prostate cancer by enabling TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Ko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyelin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Jun Sung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngsin So
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - InKi Kim
- Asan Institute for Medical Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JaeKyoung Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-wook Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Geun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Carvalho FB, Gutierres JM, Bohnert C, Zago AM, Abdalla FH, Vieira JM, Palma HE, Oliveira SM, Spanevello RM, Duarte MM, Lopes ST, Aiello G, Amaral MG, Pippi NL, Andrade CM. Anthocyanins suppress the secretion of proinflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, and restore ion pump activities in demyelination. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:378-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Riha J, Brenner S, Srovnalova A, Klameth L, Dvorak Z, Jäger W, Thalhammer T. Effects of anthocyans on the expression of organic anion transporting polypeptides (SLCOs/OATPs) in primary human hepatocytes. Food Funct 2015; 6:772-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00977k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyans (anthocyanins and their aglycones anthocyanidins) are colorful pigments, naturally occurring in fruits. Their influence on the expression of “liver-specific”SLCOs/OATPs was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Riha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Stefan Brenner
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Alzbeta Srovnalova
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics
- Faculty of Science
- Palacky University
- Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Klameth
- Ludwig Boltzmann Society
- Cluster for Translational Oncology
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics
- Faculty of Science
- Palacky University
- Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics
- University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Theresia Thalhammer
- Center of Pathophysiology
- Infectiology and Immunology
- Medical University of Vienna
- Vienna
- Austria
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31
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Jara E, Hidalgo MA, Hancke JL, Hidalgo AI, Brauchi S, Nuñez L, Villalobos C, Burgos RA. Delphinidin activates NFAT and induces IL-2 production through SOCE in T cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 68:497-509. [PMID: 23943055 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Delphinidin is an anthocyanidin that possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; however, some reports suggest that delphinidin has pro-inflammatory properties. For this reason, we assessed the effect of delphinidin on cytokine production in T cells. We demonstrated that delphinidin increased the cytosolic-free Ca(2+) concentration by releasing Ca(2+) from intracellular stores and increasing Ca(2+) entry. The putative Ca(2+) release activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel inhibitors BTP2 and gadolinium reduced the calcium entry stimulated by the anthocyanidin. Delphinidin induced nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) translocation and NFAT-Luc activity in Jurkat cells and was dependent on the CRAC channel and calcineurin pathway. Delphinidin increased the mRNA expression and production of IL-2 in Jurkat cells and was inhibited by BTP2 and cyclosporine A. Using peripheral blood lymphocytes, we demonstrated that delphinidin increased the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ and was inhibited by BTP2. Taken together, our results suggest that delphinidin exerts immunostimulatory effects on T cells by increasing cytokine production through CRAC channel and NFAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Jara
- Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Chile
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32
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Structure–activity relationships of anthocyanidin glycosylation. Mol Divers 2014; 18:687-700. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-014-9520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Rheumatic disease is a large spectrum of heterogeneous conditions affecting the loco-motor system including joints, muscles, connective tissues, and soft tissues around the joints and bones. Many rheumatic diseases have an element of autoimmunity including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene expression is emerging as a major factor within rheumatic disease, and indicates potential new therapeutic avenues of approach to these debilitating conditions. Understanding the precise role of epigenetics in the development and treatment of rheumatic diseases particularly those which have an associated autoimmune element may be important for the long-term management of such conditions.
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Vuong QV, Hirun S, Phillips PA, Chuen TLK, Bowyer MC, Goldsmith CD, Scarlett CJ. Fruit-derived phenolic compounds and pancreatic cancer: perspectives from Australian native fruits. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:227-242. [PMID: 24463158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pancreatic cancer is a devastating cancer that presents late, is rapidly progressive and has current therapeutics with only limited efficacy. Bioactive compounds are ubiquitously present in fruits and numerous studies in vitro are addressing the activity of these compounds against pancreatic cancer, thus studies of specific bioactive compounds could lead to new anti-pancreatic cancer strategies. Australian native fruits have been used as foods and medicines by Australian Aboriginals for thousands of years, and preliminary studies have found these fruits to contain rich and diversified bioactive components with high antioxidant activity. Thus, Australian native fruits may possess key components for preventing or delaying the onset of tumorigenesis, or for the treatment of existing cancers, including pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Numerous databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Sciencedirect were analysed for correlations between bioactive components from fruits and pancreatic cancer, as well as studies concerning Australian native fruits. RESULTS In this review, we comprehensively highlight the proposed mechanisms of action of fruit bioactives as anti-cancer agents, update the potential anti-pancreatic cancer activity of various major classes of bioactive compounds derived from fruits, and discuss the existence of bioactive compounds identified from a selection Australian native fruits for future studies. CONCLUSION Bioactive compounds derived from fruits possess the potential for the discovery of new anti-pancreatic cancer strategies. Further, Australian native fruits are rich in polyphenols including some flora that contain unique phenolic compounds, thereby warranting further investigations into their anti-cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q V Vuong
- Pancreatic Cancer Research, Nutrition Food & Health Research Group, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - S Hirun
- Pancreatic Cancer Research, Nutrition Food & Health Research Group, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - P A Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - T L K Chuen
- Pancreatic Cancer Research, Nutrition Food & Health Research Group, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M C Bowyer
- Pancreatic Cancer Research, Nutrition Food & Health Research Group, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - C D Goldsmith
- Pancreatic Cancer Research, Nutrition Food & Health Research Group, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - C J Scarlett
- Pancreatic Cancer Research, Nutrition Food & Health Research Group, Australia; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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Aqil F, Munagala R, Jeyabalan J, Joshi T, Gupta RC, Singh IP. The Indian Blackberry (Jamun), Antioxidant Capacity, and Cancer Protection. Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405205-5.00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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36
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Chong ESL, McGhie TK, Heyes JA, Stowell KM. Metabolite profiling and quantification of phytochemicals in potato extracts using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:3801-3808. [PMID: 23794415 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potatoes contain a diverse range of phytochemicals which have been suggested to have health benefits. Metabolite profiling and quantification were conducted on plant extracts made from a white potato cultivar and 'Urenika', a purple potato cultivar traditionally consumed by New Zealand Maori. There is limited published information regarding the metabolite profile of Solanum tuberosum cultivar 'Urenika'. RESULTS Using ultra-high- performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), a total of 31 compounds were identified and quantified in the potato extracts. The majority of the compounds were identified for the first time in 'Urenika'. These compounds include several types of anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) derivatives, and hydroxycinnamic amides (HCAA). Six classes of compounds, namely organic acids, amino acids, HCA, HCAA, flavonols and glycoalkaloids, were present in both extracts but quantities varied between the two extracts. CONCLUSIONS The unknown plant metabolites in both potato extracts were assigned with molecular formulae and identified with high confidence. Quantification of the metabolites was achieved using a number of appropriate standards. High-resolution mass spectrometry data critical for accurate identification of unknown phytochemicals were achieved and could be added to potato or plant metabolomic database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Swee Lan Chong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health (IFNHH), Massey University, Private Bag, 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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37
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Pojer E, Mattivi F, Johnson D, Stockley CS. The Case for Anthocyanin Consumption to Promote Human Health: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:483-508. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pojer
- Dept. of Food Quality and Nutrition; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach; Via E. Mach 1; 38010 San Michele all'Adige; Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Dept. of Food Quality and Nutrition; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach; Via E. Mach 1; 38010 San Michele all'Adige; Italy
| | - Dan Johnson
- The Australian Wine Research Inst.; P. O. Box 197; Glen Osmond; SA 5064; Australia
| | - Creina S. Stockley
- The Australian Wine Research Inst.; P. O. Box 197; Glen Osmond; SA 5064; Australia
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38
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Thiele W, Rothley M, Teller N, Jung N, Bulat B, Plaumann D, Vanderheiden S, Schmaus A, Cremers N, Göppert B, Dimmler A, Eschbach V, Quagliata L, Thaler S, Marko D, Bräse S, Sleeman JP. Delphinidin is a novel inhibitor of lymphangiogenesis but promotes mammary tumor growth and metastasis formation in syngeneic experimental rats. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2804-13. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Gray SG. Perspectives on epigenetic-based immune intervention for rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:207. [PMID: 23510070 PMCID: PMC3672716 DOI: 10.1186/ar4167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic disease can loosely be described as any painful condition affecting the loco-motor system, including joints, muscles, connective tissues, and soft tissues around the joints and bones. There is a wide spectrum of rheumatic diseases, many of which involve autoimmunity, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. A significant body of evidence now links aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene expression with rheumatic disease and points toward the use of epigenetic targeting agents as potential new treatment options, particularly for those conditions associated with an autoimmune element. In this perspective, I will briefly cover the current knowledge surrounding this area in the field of rheumatology.
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Köchling J, Schmidt M, Rott Y, Sagner M, Ungefroren H, Wittig B, Henze G. Can anthocyanins improve maintenance therapy of Ph+acute lymphoblastic leukaemia? Eur J Haematol 2013; 90:291-300. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yvonne Rott
- Department of Paediatrics; UKSH; Campus Lübeck; Universität zu Lübeck; Germany
| | | | | | - Burghard Wittig
- Foundation Institute Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics; Freie Universität Berlin; Germany
| | - Günter Henze
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Germany
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Kropat C, Mueller D, Boettler U, Zimmermann K, Heiss EH, Dirsch VM, Rogoll D, Melcher R, Richling E, Marko D. Modulation of Nrf2-dependent gene transcription by bilberry anthocyanins in vivo. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:545-50. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kropat
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Dolores Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Ute Boettler
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Elke H. Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Dorothee Rogoll
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II; Universitaetsklinikum Wuerzburg; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Ralph Melcher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II; Universitaetsklinikum Wuerzburg; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Jeong JW, Lee WS, Shin SC, Kim GY, Choi BT, Choi YH. Anthocyanins downregulate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells by suppressing the NF-κB and Akt/MAPKs signaling pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1502-15. [PMID: 23344054 PMCID: PMC3565332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring polyphenols that impart bright color to fruits, vegetables and plants and have a variety of protective properties, which have generally been attributed to their antioxidant capacity. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins related to neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we determined whether anthocyanins isolated from black soybean seed coats would inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine BV2 microglial cells. Our results showed that anthocyanins significantly inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, without significant cytotoxicity. Anthocyanins also downregulated excessive expression of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Moreover, anthocyanins inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) by reducing inhibitor of NF-κB alpha degradation as well as phosphorylating extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Akt. These findings suggest that anthocyanins may offer substantial therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Korea; E-Mail:
- Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea
- Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 660-702, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Faculty of Applied Marine Science, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Korea; E-Mail:
- Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
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Kausar H, Jeyabalan J, Aqil F, Chabba D, Sidana J, Singh IP, Gupta RC. Berry anthocyanidins synergistically suppress growth and invasive potential of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 325:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yamaura K, Ishiwatari M, Yamamoto M, Shimada M, Bi Y, Ueno K. Anthocyanins, but not Anthocyanidins, from Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillusL.) Alleviate Pruritus via Inhibition of Mast Cell Degranulation. J Food Sci 2012; 77:H262-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tsuyuki S, Fukui S, Watanabe A, Akune S, Tanabe M, Yoshida K. Delphinidin Induces Autolysosome as well as Autophagosome Formation and Delphinidin-Induced Autophagy Exerts a Cell Protective Role. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 26:445-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tsuyuki
- Department of Life Sciences; School of Agriculture; Meiji University; Kawasaki; Kanagawa; 214-8571; Japan
| | - Sayuri Fukui
- Department of Life Sciences; School of Agriculture; Meiji University; Kawasaki; Kanagawa; 214-8571; Japan
| | - Akari Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences; School of Agriculture; Meiji University; Kawasaki; Kanagawa; 214-8571; Japan
| | - Satoshi Akune
- Department of Life Sciences; School of Agriculture; Meiji University; Kawasaki; Kanagawa; 214-8571; Japan
| | - Mizuki Tanabe
- Department of Life Sciences; School of Agriculture; Meiji University; Kawasaki; Kanagawa; 214-8571; Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Life Sciences; School of Agriculture; Meiji University; Kawasaki; Kanagawa; 214-8571; Japan
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Balansky R, Ganchev G, Iltcheva M, Kratchanova M, Denev P, Kratchanov C, Polasa K, D'Agostini F, Steele VE, De Flora S. Inhibition of lung tumor development by berry extracts in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:1991-7. [PMID: 22328465 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) and dietary factors play a major role in cancer epidemiology. At the same time, however, the diet is the richest source of anticancer agents. Berries possess a broad array of health protective properties and were found to attenuate the yield of tumors induced by individual carcinogens in the rodent digestive tract and mammary gland but failed to prevent lung tumors induced by typical CS components in mice. We exposed whole-body Swiss ICR mice to mainstream CS, starting at birth and continuing daily for 4 months. Aqueous extracts of black chokeberry and strawberry were given as the only source of drinking water, starting after weaning and continuing for 7 months, thus mimicking an intervention in current smokers. In the absence of berries, CS caused a loss of body weight, induced early cytogenetical damage in circulating erythrocytes and histopathological alterations in lung (emphysema, blood vessel proliferation, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and adenomas), liver (parenchymal degeneration) and urinary bladder (epithelial hyperplasia). Both berry extracts inhibited the CS-related body weight loss, cytogenetical damage, liver degeneration, pulmonary emphysema and lung adenomas. Protective effects were more pronounced in female mice, which may be ascribed to modulation by berry components of the metabolism of estrogens implicated in lung carcinogenesis. Interestingly, both the carcinogen and the chemopreventive agents tested are complex mixtures that contain a multitude of components working through composite mechanisms.
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Martin KR, Wooden A. Tart cherry juice induces differential dose-dependent effects on apoptosis, but not cellular proliferation, in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. J Med Food 2012; 15:945-54. [PMID: 23057779 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits, for example, tart cherries, is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. This is due, in large part, to the diverse myriad bioactive agents, that is, polyphenol anthocyanins, present in fruits. Anthocyanin-rich tart cherries purportedly modulate numerous cellular processes associated with oncogenesis such as apoptosis, cellular proliferation (CP), and cell cycle progression, although the effective concentrations eliciting these effects are unclear. We hypothesized that several dose-dependent effects over a large concentration range of 100% tart cherry juice (TCJ) would exist and affect these processes differentially with the potential for cellular protection and cellular death either by apoptosis or by necrosis. In this in vitro study, we tested the dose response of TCJ on CP and cell death in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. TCJ was added at 0.03-30% (v/v) to cells and incubated overnight with the medium alone or with increasing TCJ. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation was significantly reduced by 20% at ≥10% (v/v) TCJ and associated with necrosis, but was not different between the control and treatment groups at <10% TCJ. MTT reduction was also significantly reduced by 27% and 80% at 10% and 30% TCJ, respectively, and associated with necrosis. Apoptosis, but not necrosis, was increased ∼63% at 3% TCJ (∼307 nM monomeric anthocyanins), yet significantly decreased (P<.05) by 20% at 1% TCJ (920 nM) both of which were physiologically relevant concentrations of anthocyanins. The data support a biphasic effect on apoptosis and no effect on proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Martin
- Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA.
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Chiu LW, Li L. Characterization of the regulatory network of BoMYB2 in controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple cauliflower. PLANTA 2012; 236:1153-64. [PMID: 22644767 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Purple cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) Graffiti represents a unique mutant in conferring ectopic anthocyanin biosynthesis, which is caused by the tissue-specific activation of BoMYB2, an ortholog of Arabidopsis PAP2 or MYB113. To gain a better understanding of the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis, we investigated the interaction among cauliflower MYB-bHLH-WD40 network proteins and examined the interplay of BoMYB2 with various bHLH transcription factors in planta. Yeast two-hybrid studies revealed that cauliflower BoMYBs along with the other regulators formed the MYB-bHLH-WD40 complexes and BobHLH1 acted as a bridge between BoMYB and BoWD40-1 proteins. Different BoMYBs exhibited different binding activity to BobHLH1. Examination of the BoMYB2 transgenic lines in Arabidopsis bHLH mutant backgrounds demonstrated that TT8, EGL3, and GL3 were all involved in the BoMYB2-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis. Expression of BoMYB2 in Arabidopsis caused up-regulation of AtTT8 and AtEGL3 as well as a subset of anthocyanin structural genes encoding flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase. Taken together, our results show that MYB-bHLH-WD40 network transcription factors regulated the bHLH gene expression, which may represent a critical feature in the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis. BoMYB2 together with various BobHLHs specifically regulated the late anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our findings provide additional information for the complicated regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis and the transcriptional regulation of transcription factors in vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Chiu
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Bueno JM, Sáez-Plaza P, Ramos-Escudero F, Jiménez AM, Fett R, Asuero AG. Analysis and Antioxidant Capacity of Anthocyanin Pigments. Part II: Chemical Structure, Color, and Intake of Anthocyanins. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2011.632314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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