1
|
Binabaj MM, Asgharzadeh F, Rahmani F, Al-Asady AM, Hashemzehi M, Soleimani A, Avan A, Mehraban S, Ghorbani E, Ryzhikov M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Vactosertib potently improves anti-tumor properties of 5-FU for colon cancer. Daru 2023; 31:193-203. [PMID: 37740873 PMCID: PMC10624787 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that the TGF-β signaling pathway plays a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. The aim of the current study is to investigate the therapeutic potential of Vactosertib (EW-7197), a selective inhibitor of TGF-β receptor type I, either alone or in combination with the standard first-line chemotherapeutic treatment, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), in CRC progression in both cellular and animal models. METHODS Real-Time PCR, Zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) tissue staining, and Flow cytometry techniques were applied to determine the anti-tumor properties of this novel TGF-β inhibitor in in vitro (CT-26 cell line) and in vivo (inbred BALB/C mice) samples. RESULTS Our findings showed that Vactosertib decreased cell proliferation and induced spheroid shrinkage. Moreover, this inhibitor suppressed the cell cycle and its administration either alone or in combination with 5-FU induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of p53 and BAX proteins. It also improved 5-FU anti-cancer effects by decreasing the tumor volume and weight, increasing tumor necrosis, and regulating tumor fibrosis and inflammation in an animal model. Vactosertib also enhanced the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on invasive behavior of CRC cells by upregulating the expression of E-cadherin and inhibiting MMP-9 enzymatic activity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrating the potent anti-tumor effects of Vactosertib against CRC progression. Our results clearly suggest that this inhibitor could be a promising agent reducing CRC tumor progression when administered either alone or in combination with standard treatment in CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Kashmar School of Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdulridha Mohammed Al-Asady
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Kerbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | | | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Mehraban
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mendoza-Fuentes A, González-Burgos E, Aparicio Trejo OE, Delgado-Lamas G, Rodríguez-Chávez JL, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Gómez-Serranillos MP, Araiza-Olivera D. The cytotoxicity effect of 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalene from Heterotheca inuloides and semisynthetic cadalenes derivates towards breast cancer cells: involvement of oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15586. [PMID: 37361049 PMCID: PMC10289085 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heterotheca inuloides, traditionally employed in Mexico, has demonstrated anticancer activities. Although it has been proven that the cytotoxic effect is attributed to cadinane-type sesquiterpenes such as 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalene, the mechanism of action by which these agents act in tumor lines and their regulation remain unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate for first time the cytotoxic activity and mechanism of action of 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalene and two semi-synthetic cadinanes derivatives towards breast cancer cells. Methods Cell viability and proliferation were assayed by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Cell migration measure was tested by wound-healing assay. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation generation were measured by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay, respectively. Furthermore, expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and GAPDH were analyzed by western blot. Results The results showed that 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalene inhibited MCF7 cell viability in a concentration and time dependent manner. The cytotoxic potency of semisynthetic derivatives 7-(phenylcarbamate)-3,4-dihydrocadalene and 7-(phenylcarbamate)-cadalene was remarkably lower. Moreover, in silico studies showed that 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalene, and not so the semi-synthetic derivatives, has optimal physical-chemical properties to lead a promising cytotoxic agent. Further examination on the action mechanism of 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalene suggested that this natural product exerted cytotoxicity via oxidative stress as evidenced in a significantly increase of intracellular ROS levels and in an induction of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the compound increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities and slightly inhibited Bcl-2 levels. Interestingly, it also reduced mitochondrial ATP synthesis and induced mitochondrial uncoupling. Conclusion Taken together, 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalene is a promising cytotoxic compound against breast cancer via oxidative stress-induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Mendoza-Fuentes
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Elena González-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departament of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - M. Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Araiza-Olivera
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Păsărică MA, Curcă PF, Burcea M, Schmitzer S, Dragosloveanu CDM, Grigorescu AC. The Effects of Oncological Treatment on Redox Balance in Patients with Uveal Melanoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111907. [PMID: 37296758 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Uveal malignant melanoma is the most common adult eye cancer and presents metabolic reprogramming that affects the tumoral microenvironment by altering the redox balance and producing oncometabolites. (2) Methods: The study prospectively evaluated patients undergoing enucleation surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy for uveal melanoma by following systemic oxidative-stress redox markers serum lipid peroxides, total albumin groups and total antioxidant levels (3) Results: Serum antioxidants and lipid peroxides were elevated from pre-treatment to longer-term follow-up. Antioxidants inversely correlated to lipid peroxides: higher in stereotactic radiosurgery patients pre/6/12/18 months post-treatment (p = 0.001-0.049) versus higher lipid peroxides in enucleation surgery patients pre/after/6 months post-treatment (p = 0.004-0.010). An increased variance in serum antioxidants was observed for enucleation surgery patients (p < 0.001), however enucleation did not increase mean serum antioxidants or albumin thiols; only lipid peroxides were increased post-enucleation (p < 0.001) and at 6-month follow-up (p = 0.029). Mean albumin thiols were increased for 18- and 24-month follow-ups (p = 0.017-0.022). Males who had enucleation surgery presented higher variance in serum determinations and overall higher lipid peroxides values pre/post-treatment and at the 18-month follow-up. (4) Conclusions: Initial oxidative stress-inducing events of surgical enucleation or stereotactic radiotherapy for uveal melanoma are followed by a longer-term inflammatory cascade gradually subsiding at later follow-ups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Adrian Păsărică
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paul Filip Curcă
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marian Burcea
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Speranța Schmitzer
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Christiana Diana Maria Dragosloveanu
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Călin Grigorescu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Oncology Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Hospital of Nephrology Dr. Carol Davila, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhong H, Yang L, Zeng Q, Chen W, Zhao H, Wu L, Qin L, Yu QQ. Machine Learning Predicts the Oxidative Stress Subtypes Provide an Innovative Insight into Colorectal Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1737501. [PMID: 37122535 PMCID: PMC10147531 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1737501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
So far, it has been reached the academic consensus that the molecular subtypes are via genomic heterogeneity and immune infiltration patterns. Considering that oxidative stress (OS) is involved in tumorigenesis and prognosis prediction, we propose an innovative classification of colorectal cancer- (CRC-) OS subtypes. We obtain three datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) online databases. 1399 OS-related genes were selected from the GeneCards database. We remove the batch effect before conducting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analyses between normal and tumor samples. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) was used to perform an unsupervised cluster. Lasso regression and Cox regression were used to construct the signature model. DEGs, robust rank aggregation, and protein-protein interaction networks were used to select hub genes, and then use hub genes to predict OS subtypes by random forest algorithms. NMF identifies two OS-related subtypes of CRC patients. Eight OS-related gene signatures were built to predict the outcome of patients, based on the DEGs between two subtypes. A total of 61 DEGs overlap each dataset, and the RRA analysis shows that 17 genes are important in these three datasets, and 15 genes are shared genes between the two methods. PPI network suggests that five hub genes are confirmed, they are SPP1, SERPINE1, CAV1, PDGFRB, and PLAU. These five hub genes could predict the OS-related subtype of CRC accurately with AUC equal to 0.771. In our study, we identify two OS-related subtypes, which will provide an innovative insight into colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhong
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Le Yang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Qingshang Zeng
- Shanghai Tianyou Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200333, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| | - Qing-Qing Yu
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zitkute V, Kukcinaviciute E, Jonusiene V, Starkuviene V, Sasnauskiene A. Differential effects of 5‐fluorouracil and oxaliplatin on autophagy in chemoresistant colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1103-1115. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vilmante Zitkute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Egle Kukcinaviciute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Violeta Jonusiene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Vytaute Starkuviene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- BioQuant Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ausra Sasnauskiene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zugravu CA, Bohiltea RE, Salmen T, Pogurschi E, Otelea MR. Antioxidants in Hops: Bioavailability, Health Effects and Perspectives for New Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020241. [PMID: 35204124 PMCID: PMC8868281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) has been used by humans for ages, presumably first as a herbal remedy, then in the manufacturing of different products, from which beer is the most largely consumed. Female hops cones have different useful chemical compounds, an important class being antioxidants, mainly polyphenols. This narrative review describes the main antioxidants in hops, their bioavailability and biological effects, and the results obtained by now in the primary and secondary prevention of several non-communicable diseases, such as the metabolic syndrome related diseases and oncology. This article presents in vitro and in vivo data in order to better understand what was accomplished in terms of knowledge and practice, and what needs to be clarified by additional studies, mainly regarding xantohumol and its derivates, as well as regarding the bitter acids of hops. The multiple protective effects found by different studies are hindered up to now by the low bioavailability of some of the main antioxidants in hops. However, there are new promising products with important health effects and perspectives of use as food supplements, in a market where consumers increasingly search for products originating directly from plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina-Aurelia Zugravu
- Department of Hygiene and Ecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; or
| | - Roxana-Elena Bohiltea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; or
| | - Teodor Salmen
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Prof. Dr. N.C.Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-743526731
| | - Elena Pogurschi
- Faculty of Animal Productions Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 57 Marasti Blvd, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; or
| | - Marina Ruxandra Otelea
- Clinical Department 5, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; or
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan HF, Zou T, Tuo QZ, Xu S, Li H, Belaidi AA, Lei P. Ferroptosis: mechanisms and links with diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:49. [PMID: 33536413 PMCID: PMC7858612 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 170.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death, which is different from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and other forms of cell death. The process of ferroptotic cell death is defined by the accumulation of lethal lipid species derived from the peroxidation of lipids, which can be prevented by iron chelators (e.g., deferiprone, deferoxamine) and small lipophilic antioxidants (e.g., ferrostatin, liproxstatin). This review summarizes current knowledge about the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis and its association with several pathways, including iron, lipid, and cysteine metabolism. We have further discussed the contribution of ferroptosis to the pathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer, ischemia/reperfusion, and various neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), and evaluated the therapeutic applications of ferroptosis inhibitors in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fa Yan
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zou
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Zhang Tuo
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Abdel Ali Belaidi
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Espinosa-Sánchez A, Suárez-Martínez E, Sánchez-Díaz L, Carnero A. Therapeutic Targeting of Signaling Pathways Related to Cancer Stemness. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1533. [PMID: 32984007 PMCID: PMC7479251 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The theory of cancer stem cells (CSCs) proposes that the different cells within a tumor, as well as metastasis deriving from it, are originated from a single subpopulation of cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacities. These cancer stem cells are supposed to be critical for tumor expansion and metastasis, tumor relapse and resistance to conventional therapies, such as chemo- and radiotherapy. The acquisition of these abilities has been attributed to the activation of alternative pathways, for instance, WNT, NOTCH, SHH, PI3K, Hippo, or NF-κB pathways, that regulate detoxification mechanisms; increase the metabolic rate; induce resistance to apoptotic, autophagic, and senescence pathways; promote the overexpression of drug transporter proteins; and activate specific stem cell transcription factors. The elimination of CSCs is an important goal in cancer therapeutic approaches because it could decrease relapses and metastatic dissemination, which are main causes of mortality in oncology patients. In this work, we discuss the role of these signaling pathways in CSCs along with their therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Espinosa-Sánchez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Suárez-Martínez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Díaz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- CIBER de Cancer, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hyun DH. Insights into the New Cancer Therapy through Redox Homeostasis and Metabolic Shifts. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071822. [PMID: 32645959 PMCID: PMC7408991 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modest levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for intracellular signaling, cell division, and enzyme activation. These ROS are later eliminated by the body’s antioxidant defense system. High amounts of ROS cause carcinogenesis by altering the signaling pathways associated with metabolism, proliferation, metastasis, and cell survival. Cancer cells exhibit enhanced ATP production and high ROS levels, which allow them to maintain elevated proliferation through metabolic reprograming. In order to prevent further ROS generation, cancer cells rely on more glycolysis to produce ATP and on the pentose phosphate pathway to provide NADPH. Pro-oxidant therapy can induce more ROS generation beyond the physiologic thresholds in cancer cells. Alternatively, antioxidant therapy can protect normal cells by activating cell survival signaling cascades, such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) pathway, in response to radio- and chemotherapeutic drugs. Nrf2 is a key regulator that protects cells from oxidative stress. Under normal conditions, Nrf2 is tightly bound to Keap1 and is ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. However, under oxidative stress, or when treated with Nrf2 activators, Nrf2 is liberated from the Nrf2-Keap1 complex, translocated into the nucleus, and bound to the antioxidant response element in association with other factors. This cascade results in the expression of detoxifying enzymes, including NADH-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1. NQO1 and cytochrome b5 reductase can neutralize ROS in the plasma membrane and induce a high NAD+/NADH ratio, which then activates SIRT1 and mitochondrial bioenergetics. NQO1 can also stabilize the tumor suppressor p53. Given their roles in cancer pathogenesis, redox homeostasis and the metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (through activation of Nrf2 and NQO1) seem to be good targets for cancer therapy. Therefore, Nrf2 modulation and NQO1 stimulation could be important therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Hyun
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kozak J, Jonak K, Maciejewski R. The function of miR-200 family in oxidative stress response evoked in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110037. [PMID: 32187964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the discovery of microRNAs (miRs), these molecules have attracted highly progressive attention due to their powerful regulatory roles in a broad spectrum of biological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and carcinogenesis. With regard to carcinogenesis, the miRs regulatory potency has been associated with cancer onset, progression, metastasis, diagnosis and therapeutic response. In this review we discuss the impact of miR-200 family on drug resistance development during anti-cancer therapy. Developing resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs as well as radiotherapy are major clinical obstacles in the successful therapeutic strategies to cancer treatment. Acquired cancer chemoresistance is a multifactorial phenomenon involving such factors as tumor type, tumor stage, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level or ROS-responsive miRs profile. ROS level could influence the miRs expression level, which changes the cellular profile of the content of miRs. Such significant changes in the cellular miRs profile generate subsequent biological effects through the regulation of their target genes. This review outlines the interactions between ROS and miR-200 family in different kinds of cancers in response to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kozak
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Jonak
- Interfaculty Centre for Didactics, Department of Foreign Languages, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Larsen EL, Weimann A, Poulsen HE. Interventions targeted at oxidatively generated modifications of nucleic acids focused on urine and plasma markers. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:256-283. [PMID: 31563634 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with the development and progression of numerous diseases. However, targeting oxidative stress has not been established in the clinical management of any disease. Several methods and markers are available to measure oxidative stress, including direct measurement of free radicals, antioxidants, redox balance, and oxidative modifications of cellular macromolecules. Oxidatively generated nucleic acid modifications have attracted much interest due to the pre-mutagenic oxidative modification of DNA into 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), associated with cancer development. During the last decade, the perception of RNA has changed from that of a 'silent messenger' to an 'active contributor', and, parallelly oxidatively generated RNA modifications measured as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanosine (8-oxoGuo), has been demonstrated as a prognostic factor for all-caused and cardiovascular related mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Several attempts have been made to modify the amount of oxidative nucleic acid modifications. Thus, this review aims to introduce researchers to the measurement of oxidatively generated nucleic acid modifications as well as critically review previous attempts and provide future directions for targeting oxidatively generated nucleic acid modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil List Larsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Allan Weimann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
West H, Coffey M, Wagner MJ, McLeod HL, Colley JP, Adams RA, Fleck O, Maughan TS, Fisher D, Kaplan RS, Harris R, Cheadle JP. Role for Nucleotide Excision Repair Gene Variants in Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2:1-18. [PMID: 35135151 DOI: 10.1200/po.18.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxaliplatin forms part of routine treatment of advanced colorectal cancer; however, it often causes severe peripheral neuropathy, resulting in treatment discontinuation. We sought to determine the molecular and cellular mechanism underlying this toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS We exome resequenced blood DNA samples from nine patients with advanced colorectal cancer who had severe peripheral neuropathy associated with oxaliplatin (PNAO) within 12 weeks of treatment. We Sanger sequenced the ERCC4 and ERCC6 open reading frames in 63 patients with PNAO and carried out targeted genotyping in 1,763 patients without PNAO. We tested the functionality of ERCC4 variants using viability and DNA repair assays in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and human cell lines after exposure to oxaliplatin and ultraviolet light. RESULTS Exome resequencing identified one patient carrying a novel germline truncating mutation in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) gene ERCC4. This mutation was functionally associated with sensitivity to oxaliplatin (P = 3.5 × 10-2). We subsequently found that multiple rare ERCC4 nonsynonymous variants were over-represented in affected individuals (P = 7.7 × 10-3) and three of these were defective in the repair of ultraviolet light-induced DNA damage (P < 1 × 10-3). We validated a role for NER genes in PNAO by finding that multiple rare ERCC6 nonsynonymous variants were similarly over-represented in affected individuals (P = 2.4 × 10-8). Excluding private variants, 22.2% of patients (14 of 63 patients) with PNAO carried Pro379Ser or Glu875Gly in ERCC4 or Asp425Ala, Gly446Asp, or Ser797Cys in ERCC6, compared with 8.7% of unaffected patients (152 of 1,750 patients; odds ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.6 to 5.6; P = 2.5 × 10-4). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence for a role of NER genes in PNAO, together with mechanistic insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah West
- Hannah West, Michelle Coffey, James P. Colley, Richard A. Adams, Rebecca Harris, and Jeremy P. Cheadle, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Oliver Fleck, North West Cancer Research Institute, Bangor University, Bangor; Timothy S. Maughan, Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford; David Fisher and Richard S. Kaplan, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Michael J. Wagner, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and Howard L. McLeod, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Michelle Coffey
- Hannah West, Michelle Coffey, James P. Colley, Richard A. Adams, Rebecca Harris, and Jeremy P. Cheadle, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Oliver Fleck, North West Cancer Research Institute, Bangor University, Bangor; Timothy S. Maughan, Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford; David Fisher and Richard S. Kaplan, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Michael J. Wagner, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and Howard L. McLeod, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Michael J Wagner
- Hannah West, Michelle Coffey, James P. Colley, Richard A. Adams, Rebecca Harris, and Jeremy P. Cheadle, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Oliver Fleck, North West Cancer Research Institute, Bangor University, Bangor; Timothy S. Maughan, Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford; David Fisher and Richard S. Kaplan, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Michael J. Wagner, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and Howard L. McLeod, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Howard L McLeod
- Hannah West, Michelle Coffey, James P. Colley, Richard A. Adams, Rebecca Harris, and Jeremy P. Cheadle, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Oliver Fleck, North West Cancer Research Institute, Bangor University, Bangor; Timothy S. Maughan, Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford; David Fisher and Richard S. Kaplan, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Michael J. Wagner, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and Howard L. McLeod, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - James P Colley
- Hannah West, Michelle Coffey, James P. Colley, Richard A. Adams, Rebecca Harris, and Jeremy P. Cheadle, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Oliver Fleck, North West Cancer Research Institute, Bangor University, Bangor; Timothy S. Maughan, Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford; David Fisher and Richard S. Kaplan, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Michael J. Wagner, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and Howard L. McLeod, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Richard A Adams
- Hannah West, Michelle Coffey, James P. Colley, Richard A. Adams, Rebecca Harris, and Jeremy P. Cheadle, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Oliver Fleck, North West Cancer Research Institute, Bangor University, Bangor; Timothy S. Maughan, Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford; David Fisher and Richard S. Kaplan, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Michael J. Wagner, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and Howard L. McLeod, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Oliver Fleck
- Hannah West, Michelle Coffey, James P. Colley, Richard A. Adams, Rebecca Harris, and Jeremy P. Cheadle, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Oliver Fleck, North West Cancer Research Institute, Bangor University, Bangor; Timothy S. Maughan, Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford; David Fisher and Richard S. Kaplan, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Michael J. Wagner, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and Howard L. McLeod, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Timothy S Maughan
- Hannah West, Michelle Coffey, James P. Colley, Richard A. Adams, Rebecca Harris, and Jeremy P. Cheadle, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Oliver Fleck, North West Cancer Research Institute, Bangor University, Bangor; Timothy S. Maughan, Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford; David Fisher and Richard S. Kaplan, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Michael J. Wagner, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and Howard L. McLeod, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - David Fisher
- Hannah West, Michelle Coffey, James P. Colley, Richard A. Adams, Rebecca Harris, and Jeremy P. Cheadle, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Oliver Fleck, North West Cancer Research Institute, Bangor University, Bangor; Timothy S. Maughan, Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford; David Fisher and Richard S. Kaplan, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Michael J. Wagner, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and Howard L. McLeod, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Richard S Kaplan
- Hannah West, Michelle Coffey, James P. Colley, Richard A. Adams, Rebecca Harris, and Jeremy P. Cheadle, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Oliver Fleck, North West Cancer Research Institute, Bangor University, Bangor; Timothy S. Maughan, Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford; David Fisher and Richard S. Kaplan, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Michael J. Wagner, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and Howard L. McLeod, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Rebecca Harris
- Hannah West, Michelle Coffey, James P. Colley, Richard A. Adams, Rebecca Harris, and Jeremy P. Cheadle, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Oliver Fleck, North West Cancer Research Institute, Bangor University, Bangor; Timothy S. Maughan, Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford; David Fisher and Richard S. Kaplan, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Michael J. Wagner, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and Howard L. McLeod, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Jeremy P Cheadle
- Hannah West, Michelle Coffey, James P. Colley, Richard A. Adams, Rebecca Harris, and Jeremy P. Cheadle, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff; Oliver Fleck, North West Cancer Research Institute, Bangor University, Bangor; Timothy S. Maughan, Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford; David Fisher and Richard S. Kaplan, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom; Michael J. Wagner, Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; and Howard L. McLeod, DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wei S, Sun T, Du J, Zhang B, Xiang D, Li W. Xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from Hops, exerts anticancer effects against gastric cancer in vitro. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:3213-3222. [PMID: 30272303 PMCID: PMC6196606 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol (Xn), a prenylated flavonoid isolated from Hops (Humulus lupulus L.), has demonstrated potent anticancer activity in multiple types of cancer. However, the effect of Xn on gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Xn on GC cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. It was observed that Xn decreased the viability of GC cells, with very low or no toxicity to normal gastric epithelial cells GES‑1 at a concentration of 1‑100 µM. The proliferation of AGS cells was inhibited by Xn, as indicated by the decreased number of EdU‑positive cells. Xn treatment increased the number of apoptotic cells, downregulated the expression of Bcl‑2 and upregulated the expression of Bax, suggesting induction of apoptosis. The results from the wound healing and Transwell assays indicated that Xn suppressed AGS cell metastasis. Moreover, Xn induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and inhibited nuclear factor (NF)‑κB signaling in AGS cells, which was reversed by the ROS inhibitor N‑acetylcysteine (NAC). NAC suppressed the effect of Xn on the proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis of AGS cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Xn exerts anticancer effects against GC via induction of ROS production and subsequent inhibition of NF‑κB signaling. Therefore, Xn may be a promising candidate treatment against GC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Taoli Sun
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Hu'nan Oriented Fundamental and Applied Research of Innovative Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, P.R. China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Daxiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Wenqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Badrudin D, Sideris L, Leblond FA, Pichette V, Cloutier AS, Drolet P, Dubé P. Rationale for the administration of systemic 5-FU in combination with heated intraperitonal oxaliplatin. Surg Oncol 2018; 27:275-279. [PMID: 29937182 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with oxaliplatin (OX) is the standard of care for selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Because 5-FU is mandatory to improve efficacy of OX when used by systemic route, several teams now empirically combine intravenous (IV) 5-FU with HIPEC OX, but this practice has yet to be supported by preclinical data. Using a murine model, we studied the impact of IV 5-FU on peritoneal absorption of HIPEC OX. METHODS Under general anesthesia, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to 4 different doses of IV 5-FU (0, 100, 400 and 800 mg/m2) and a fixed dose of HIPEC OX (460 mg/m2) perfused at 40 °C during 25 min. At 25 min, samples in different compartments were harvested (peritoneum, portal vein and systemic blood) and the concentrations of 5-FU and OX were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Peritoneal absorption of OX was significantly higher (17.0, 20.1, 34.9 and 38.1 nmol/g, p < 0.0001) with increasing doses of 5-FU (0, 100, 400 and 800 mg/m2, respectively). Peritoneal absorption of OX reached a plateau between 400 and 800 mg/m2 of IV 5-FU. CONCLUSION IV 5-FU enhances peritoneal absorption of HIPEC OX. The most efficient dose of IV 5-FU to be used in combination with HIPEC OX seems to be 400 mg/m2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Badrudin
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - L Sideris
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - F A Leblond
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - V Pichette
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - A S Cloutier
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - P Drolet
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - P Dubé
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A novel quinazoline-based analog induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human A549 lung cancer cells via a ROS-dependent mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:314-320. [PMID: 28302490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
6-amino-4-(4-phenoxyphenylethylamino)quinazoline (QNZ) is an excellent quinazoline-containing NF-κB inhibitor also acting as a novel anticancer agent. Considering both the medicinal significance of quinazoline scaffold and the tunable functionality of Michael acceptor-centric pharmacophores in the electrophilicity-based prooxidant strategy, we designed a novel QNZ-inspired electrophilic molecule QNZ-A by introducing a Michael acceptor unit at position-6 of quinazoline ring in QNZ. Our results identified QNZ-A as a promising selective cytotoxic agent against A549 cells. QNZ-A, by virtue of its Michael acceptor unit, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation associated with collapse of the redox buffering system in A549 cells. This caused up-regulation of p53-inducible p21 and down-regulation of redox sensitive Cdc25C along with Cyclin B1/Cdk1, leading to a G2/M cell cycle arrest and final cell apoptosis. By contrast, QNZ-B, a reduction product of QNZ-A lacking the Michael acceptor unit failed to induce ROS generation and all these cell cycle-related events. In conclusion, this work provided a successful example of designing QNZ-directed anticancer agent by a ROS-promoting strategy and identified QNZ-A as a selective anticancer agent against A549 cells through G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via a ROS-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
|
16
|
Durgapal SD, Soni R, Umar S, Suresh B, Soman SS. Anticancer Activity and DNA Binding Studies of Novel 3,7-Disubstituted Benzopyrones. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Dutt Durgapal
- Department of Chemistry; The M. S University of Baroda, Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science; Vadodara. 390002 India
| | - Rina Soni
- Department of Chemistry; The M. S University of Baroda, Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science; Vadodara. 390002 India
| | - Shweta Umar
- Department of Zoology; The M. S University of Baroda, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science; Vadodara. 390002 India
| | - Balakrishnan Suresh
- Department of Zoology; The M. S University of Baroda, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science; Vadodara. 390002 India
| | - Shubhangi S. Soman
- Department of Chemistry; The M. S University of Baroda, Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science; Vadodara. 390002 India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kuzmic M, Javot H, Bonzom JM, Lecomte-Pradines C, Radman M, Garnier-Laplace J, Frelon S. In situ visualization of carbonylation and its co-localization with proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:465-474. [PMID: 27840319 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
All key biological macromolecules are susceptible to carbonylation - an irreparable oxidative damage with deleterious biological consequences. Carbonyls in proteins, lipids and DNA from cell extracts have been used as a biomarker of oxidative stress and aging, but formation of insoluble aggregates by carbonylated proteins precludes quantification. Since carbonylated proteins correlate with and become a suspected cause of morbidity and mortality in some organisms, there is a need for their accurate quantification and localization. Using appropriate fluorescent probes, we have developed an in situ detection of total proteins, DNA, RNA, lipids and carbonyl groups at the level of the whole organism. In C. elegans, we found that after UV irradiation carbonylation co-localizes mainly with proteins and, to a lesser degree, with DNA, RNA and lipids. The method efficiency was illustrated by carbonylation induction assessment over 5 different UV doses. The procedure enables the monitoring of carbonylation in the nematode C. elegans during stress, aging and disease along its life cycle including the egg stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Kuzmic
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire, Cadarache, 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France; Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Mestrovicevo Setaliste 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Hélène Javot
- CEA, BIAM, Lab Biol Develop Plantes, Saint-Paul-lez-DurIncreased carbonylation, protein aance F-13108, France; CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget & Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France; Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, Marseille F-13284, France
| | - Jean-Marc Bonzom
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire, Cadarache, 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | - Catherine Lecomte-Pradines
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire, Cadarache, 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | - Miroslav Radman
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Mestrovicevo Setaliste 45, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jacqueline Garnier-Laplace
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire, Cadarache, 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Frelon
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire, Cadarache, 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Evaluation of cardioprotective activity of Lepidium sativum seed powder in albino rats treated with 5-fluorouracil. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
19
|
Phosrithong N, Nuchtavorn N. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activites of Clerodendrum leaf extracts collected in Thailand. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
20
|
Suzuki S, Okada M, Shibuya K, Seino M, Sato A, Takeda H, Seino S, Yoshioka T, Kitanaka C. JNK suppression of chemotherapeutic agents-induced ROS confers chemoresistance on pancreatic cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:458-70. [PMID: 25473894 PMCID: PMC4381607 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs), which is now being held responsible for the pervasive therapy resistance of pancreatic cancer, poses a major challenge to the successful management of this devastating malignancy. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the marked chemoresistance of pancreatic CSCs remains largely unknown. Here we show that JNK, which is upregulated in pancreatic CSCs and contributes to their maintenance, is critically involved in the resistance of pancreatic CSCs to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and gemcitabine (GEM). We found that JNK inhibition effectively sensitizes otherwise chemoresistant pancreatic CSCs to 5-FU and GEM. Significantly, JNK inhibition promoted 5-FU- and GEM-induced increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and scavenging intracellular ROS by use of N-acetylcysteine impaired JNK inhibition-mediated promotion of the cytotoxicity of 5-FU and GEM. Our findings thus suggest that JNK may contribute to the chemoresistance of pancreatic CSCs through prevention of chemotherapeutic agents-induced increase in intracellular ROS. Our findings also suggest that JNK inhibition combined with 5-FU- and/or GEM-based regimens may be a rational therapeutic approach to effectively eliminate pancreatic CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. Department of Clinical Oncology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. Department of Regional Cancer Network, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Masashi Okada
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Keita Shibuya
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. Oncology Research Center, Research Institute for Advanced Molecular Epidemiology, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. Global COE program for Medical Sciences, Japan Society for Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-8471, Japan
| | - Manabu Seino
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. Department of Clinical Oncology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Shizuka Seino
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. Oncology Research Center, Research Institute for Advanced Molecular Epidemiology, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. Global COE program for Medical Sciences, Japan Society for Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-8471, Japan. Research Institute for Promotion of Medical Sciences, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshioka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Chifumi Kitanaka
- Department of Molecular Cancer Science, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. Oncology Research Center, Research Institute for Advanced Molecular Epidemiology, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. Global COE program for Medical Sciences, Japan Society for Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-8471, Japan. Research Institute for Promotion of Medical Sciences, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Effects of 5-Amyno-4-(1,3-benzothyazol-2-yn)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-3-one Intake on Digestive System in a Rat Model of Colon Cancer. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:376576. [PMID: 26504896 PMCID: PMC4609483 DOI: 10.1155/2015/376576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Pyrrol derivate 5-amyno-4-(1,3-benzothyazol-2-yn)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-3-one (D1) has shown antiproliferative activities in vitro, so investigation of the impact of D1 intake on gut organs in rats that experienced colon cancer seems to be necessary. Materials and Methods. D1 at the dose of 2.3 mg/kg was administered per os daily for 27 (from the 1st day of experiment) or 7 (from the 21st week of experiment) weeks to rats that experienced 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer for 20 weeks. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) was chosen as reference drug and was administered intraperitoneally weekly for 7 weeks (from the 21st week of experiment) at the dose of 45 mg/kg. Results. Antitumor activity of D1 comparable with the 5FU one against DMH-induced colon cancer in rats was observed (decrease of tumor number and tumor total area up to 46%). D1 attenuated the inflammation of colon, gastric and jejunal mucosa, and the liver, caused by DMH, unlike 5FU, aggravating the latter. In addition, D1 partially normalized mucosa morphometric parameters suggesting its functional restore. Conclusions. D1 possesses, comparable with 5-fluorouracil antitumor efficacy, less damaging effects on the tissues beyond cancerous areas and contributes to partial morphological and functional gut organs recovery.
Collapse
|
22
|
Potential survival markers in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Clin Exp Med 2014; 15:381-7. [PMID: 25261922 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-014-0313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to the importance of the identification of chemotherapy outcome prognostic factors, we attempted to establish the potential of oxidative stress/DNA damage parameters such as prognostic markers. The aim of the study was to determine whether platinum derivative-based chemotherapy in cancer patients (n = 66) is responsible for systemic oxidatively damaged DNA and whether damage biomarkers, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) and the modified base 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxo-Gua), in urine and DNA may be used as a prognostic factor for the outcome of chemotherapy. All the aforementioned modifications were analyzed using techniques involving high-performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical detection (HPLC/EC) or HPLC/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among all the analyzed parameters, the significantly decreased levels of 8-oxo-Gua in urine collected from a subgroup of patients 24 h after the first infusion of the drug, as compared with the baseline levels, correlated with a significantly longer overall survival (OS) (60 months after therapy) than in the subgroup without any decrease of this parameter after therapy (median OS = 24 months, p = 0.007). Moreover, a significantly longer OS was also observed in a group with increased urine levels of 8-oxo-dG after chemotherapy (38.6 vs. 20.5 months, p = 0.03). The results of our study suggest that patients with decreased 8-oxo-Gua levels and increased 8-oxo-dG levels in urine 24 h after the first dose should be considered as better responders to the administered chemotherapy, with a lower risk of death. The conclusion may permit the use of these parameters as markers for predicting the clinical outcome of platinum derivative-based chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Tor YS, Yazan LS, Foo JB, Armania N, Cheah YK, Abdullah R, Imam MU, Ismail N, Ismail M. Induction of apoptosis through oxidative stress-related pathways in MCF-7, human breast cancer cells, by ethyl acetate extract of Dillenia suffruticosa. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:55. [PMID: 24524627 PMCID: PMC3927215 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most dreading types of cancer among women. Herbal medicine has becoming a potential source of treatment for breast cancer. Herbal plant Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff) Martelli under the family Dilleniaceae has been traditionally used to treat cancerous growth. In this study, the anticancer effect of ethyl acetate extract of D. suffruticosa (EADs) was examined on human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and the molecular pathway involved was elucidated. Methods EADs was obtained from the root of D. suffruticosa by using sequential solvent extraction. Cytotoxicity was determined by using MTT assay, mode of cell death by cell cycle analysis and apoptosis induction by Annexin-FITC/PI assay. Morphology changes in cells were observed under inverted light microscope. Involvement of selected genes in the oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathway was explored using multiplex gene expression analysis. Results The treatment of EADs caused cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner at 24, 48 and 72 hours with IC50 of 76 ± 2.3, 58 ± 0.7 and 39 ± 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of tamoxifen-treated MCF-7 cells was 8 ± 0.5 μg/mL. Induction of apoptosis by EADs was dose- and time- dependent. EADs induced non-phase specific cell cycle arrest at different concentration and time point. The multiplex mRNA expression study indicated that EADs-induced apoptosis was accompanied by upregulation of the expression of SOD1, SOD2, NF-κB, p53, p38 MAPK, and catalase, but downregulation of Akt1. Conclusion It is suggested that EADs induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by modulating numerous genes which are involved in oxidative stress pathway. Therefore, EADs has the potential to act as an effective intervention against breast cancer cells.
Collapse
|
24
|
Glebova K, Veiko N, Kostyuk S, Izhevskaya V, Baranova A. Oxidized extracellular DNA as a stress signal that may modify response to anticancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2013; 356:22-33. [PMID: 24045040 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the levels of oxidation is a universal feature of genomic DNA of irradiated or aged or even malignant cells. In case of apoptotic death of stressed cells, oxidized DNA can be released in circulation (cfDNA). According to the results of the studies performed in vitro by our group and other researchers, the oxidized cfDNA serves as a biomarker for a stress and a stress signal that is transmitted from the "stressed" area i.e. irradiated cells or cells with deficient anti-oxidant defenses to distant (bystander) cells. In recipient cells, oxidized DNA stimulates biosynthesis of ROS that is followed up by an increase in the number of single strand and double strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs), and activation of DNA Damage Response (DDR) pathway. Effects of oxidized DNA are considered similar to that of irradiation. It seems that downstream effects of irradiation, in part, depend on the release of oxidized DNA fragments that mediate the effects in distant cells. The responses of normal and tumor cell to oxidized DNA may differ. It seems that tumor cells are more sensitive to oxidized DNA-dependent DNA damage, while developing pronounced adaptive response. This may suggest that in chemotherapy or irradiation-treated human body, the release of oxidized DNA from dying cancer cells may give a boost to remaining malignant cells by augmenting their survival and stress resistance. Further studies of the effects of oxidized DNA in both in vitro and in vivo systems are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Glebova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya Veiko
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Kostyuk
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera Izhevskaya
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ancha Baranova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Center for the Study of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, School of System Biology, MSN3E1, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kuznietsova HM. Effect of dihydropyrrol and maleimide derivatives on the state of the liver and colon in normal rats and those with colorectal carcinogenesis induced by dimethylhydrazine. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj85.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
26
|
Oxidative stress and cancer: an overview. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:376-90. [PMID: 23123177 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 889] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive species, which mainly include reactive oxygen species (ROS), are products generated as a consequence of metabolic reactions in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. In normal cells, low-level concentrations of these compounds are required for signal transduction before their elimination. However, cancer cells, which exhibit an accelerated metabolism, demand high ROS concentrations to maintain their high proliferation rate. Different ways of developing ROS resistance include the execution of alternative pathways, which can avoid large amounts of ROS accumulation without compromising the energy demand required by cancer cells. Examples of these processes include the guidance of the glycolytic pathway into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and/or the generation of lactate instead of employing aerobic respiration in the mitochondria. Importantly, ROS levels can be used as a thermostat to monitor the damage that cells can bear. The implications for ROS regulation are highly significant for cancer therapy because commonly used radio- and chemotherapeutic drugs influence tumor outcome through ROS modulation. Moreover, the discovery of novel biomarkers that are able to predict the clinical response to pro-oxidant therapies is a crucial challenge to overcome to allow for the personalization of cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
27
|
Weimann A, Broedbaek K, Henriksen T, Stovgaard ES, Poulsen HE. Assays for urinary biomarkers of oxidatively damaged nucleic acids. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:531-40. [PMID: 22352957 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.647693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of oxidized nucleic acid metabolites can be performed by a variety of methodologies: liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical or mass-spectrometry detection, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis and ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The major analytical challenge is specificity. The best combination of selectivity and speed of analysis can be obtained by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection. This, however, is also the most demanding technique with regard to price, complexity and skills requirement. The available ELISA methods present considerable specificity problems and cannot be recommended at present. The oxidized nucleic acid metabolites in urine are assumed to originate from the DNA and RNA. However, direct evidence is not available. A possible contribution from the nucleotide pools is most probably minimal, if existing. Recent investigation on RNA oxidation has shown conditions where RNA oxidation but not DNA oxidation is prominent, and while investigation on DNA is of huge interest, RNA oxidation may be overlooked. The methods for analyzing oxidized deoxynucleosides can easily be expanded to analyze the oxidized ribonucleosides. The urinary measurement of oxidized nucleic acid metabolites provides a non-invasive measurement of oxidative stress to DNA and RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan Weimann
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|