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Briki M, Murisier A, Guidi M, Seydoux C, Buclin T, Marzolini C, Girardin FR, Thoma Y, Carrara S, Choong E, Decosterd LA. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods for the therapeutic drug monitoring of cytotoxic anticancer drugs: An update. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1236:124039. [PMID: 38490042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, there is increasing evidence that conventional cytotoxic agents may be suitable candidates for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)- guided drug dosage adjustments and patient's tailored personalization of non-selective chemotherapies. To that end, many liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays have been developed for the quantification of conventional cytotoxic anticancer chemotherapies, that have been comprehensively and critically reviewed. The use of stable isotopically labelled internal standards (IS) of cytotoxic drugs was strikingly uncommon, accounting for only 48 % of the methods found, although their use could possible to suitably circumvent patients' samples matrix effects variability. Furthermore, this approach would increase the reliability of cytotoxic drug quantification in highly multi-mediated cancer patients with complex fluctuating pathophysiological and clinical conditions. LC-MS/MS assays can accommodate multiplexed analyses of cytotoxic drugs with optimal selectivity and specificity as well as short analytical times and, when using stable-isotopically labelled IS for quantification, provide concentrations measurements with a high degree of certainty. However, there are still organisational, pharmacological, and medical constraints to tackle before TDM of cytotoxic drugs can be more largely adopted in the clinics for contributing to our ever-lasting quest to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Briki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Bio/CMOS Interfaces Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-EPFL, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - A Murisier
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Guidi
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Seydoux
- Internal Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Buclin
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Marzolini
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F R Girardin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Y Thoma
- School of Engineering and Management Vaud, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1401 Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - S Carrara
- Bio/CMOS Interfaces Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-EPFL, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - E Choong
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L A Decosterd
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Garcia RM, Mobilia M, Newcomer JB, Wilson CL. Focal Neurotoxicity Associated With Topical 5-Fluorouracil. Cureus 2024; 16:e54365. [PMID: 38500891 PMCID: PMC10948119 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Topical 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used to treat precancerous and cancerous skin growths, such as actinic keratoses (AKs), squamous cell carcinoma in situ, and superficial basal cell carcinoma. The topical agent may rarely cause neurotoxic adverse effects. Multiple cases of systemic 5-FU and capecitabine chemotherapy-induced neuropathies have been reported. However, until now, the topical administration of the drug has not been reported to cause neurotoxicity. We present a case of an 83-year-old male who was prescribed topical 5-FU 5% cream to treat AKs on the left anterior scalp and returned weeks later with the development of focal neurotoxicity in the treatment area. He presented with focal paralysis of the left medial frontalis muscle, with initial loss of sensation followed by intermittent pain and paresthesias, persisting four months after the cessation of therapy. He was referred to a neurologist and received a diagnosis of supraorbital neuralgia. The temporal relationship of symptom onset and the localization of symptoms to the treated area strongly suggests that the medication contributed to the observed neurologic effects. These effects are more likely to be observed in patients with a genetic deficiency of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which is responsible for the majority of 5-FU degradation (80%), therefore potentially leading to toxic levels of unmetabolized 5-FU. Providers should be aware of the potentially neurotoxic effects of topical 5-FU in order to properly counsel patients and to consider this as a possible etiology of neurologic deficits in patients using this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Garcia
- Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
| | - Maura Mobilia
- Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
| | - Jack B Newcomer
- Dermatology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, USA
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Ouyang L, Sun MM, Zhou PS, Ren YW, Liu XY, Wei WY, Song ZS, Lu K, Yang LX. LncRNA FOXD1-AS1 regulates pancreatic cancer stem cell properties and 5-FU resistance by regulating the miR-570-3p/SPP1 axis as a ceRNA. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:4. [PMID: 38167126 PMCID: PMC10763109 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Previous studies have highlighted the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in modulating the stemness of CSCs. In our investigation, we identified an upregulation of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 in CSCs. The enforced expression of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 promotes tumorigenesis and self-renewal in pancreatic cancer CSCs. Conversely, the knockdown of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 inhibits tumorigenesis and self-renewal in pancreatic cancer CSCs. Furthermore, our findings reveal that lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 enhances self-renewal and tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer CSCs by up-regulating osteopontin/secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1) and acting as a ceRNA to sponge miR-570-3p in pancreatic cancer (PC) CSCs. Additionally, lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 depleted pancreatic cancer cells exhibit heightened sensitivity to 5-FU-indued cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Analysis of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) indicates that a low level of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 may serve as a predictor of 5-FU benefits in PC patients. Moreover, the introduction of SPP1 can reverse the sensitivity of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1-knockdown PC cells to 5-FU-induced cell apoptosis. Importantly, molecular studies have indicated that the elevated levels of lncRNAFOXD1-AS1 in PC are facilitated through METTL3 and YTHDF1-dependent m6A methylation. In summary, our results underscore the critical functions of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 in the self-renewal and tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer CSCs, positioning lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 as a promising therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ouyang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic (HBP) Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic (HBP) Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Min-Min Sun
- Department of Hepatic Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ping-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonic Intervention, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yi-Wei Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic (HBP) Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic (HBP) Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic (HBP) Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wei
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Shun Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic (HBP) Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Li-Xue Yang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Abo-Zaid OAR, Moawed FSM, Barakat WEM, Ghobashy MM, Ahmed ESA. Antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil polymeric nanogel synthesized by gamma radiation on a rat model of colon carcinoma: a proposed mechanism. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:138. [PMID: 37493814 PMCID: PMC10371941 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is associated with multifaceted challenges and poor pharmacokinetics. Accordingly, our study was designed to prepare 5-FU nanogel as a new form of the colon cancer chemotherapeutic drug 5-FU using polyacrylic acid and gelatin hybrid nanogel as efficient drug carriers. Alongside the in vivo chemotherapeutic evaluation, the anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic efficacy were carried out for 5-FU nanogel against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 20 mg/kg) and γ-radiation (4 Gy)-prompted colon dysplasia in rats compared to 5-FU. The morphology and size of 5-FU nanogel were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) in addition to cytotoxicity assay. The expression of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR); Toll-like receptor2 (TLR2)/nuclear factor kappa B), adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream autophagy-related genes in addition to apoptotic markers were measured in colon tissues. Results: 5-FU nanogel reduced the levels of the TLR2/ NF-κβ as well as the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Moreover, it promoted autophagy through the activation of the AMPK and its downstream targets which consequently augmented the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Conclusion: Collectively, these data might strengthen the therapeutic potential of 5-FU nanogel which can be used as an antitumor product for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayma A R Abo-Zaid
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Vet. Med, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Fatma S M Moawed
- Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787, Egypt.
| | - Wael E M Barakat
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Vet. Med, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy
- Radiation Research of Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa S A Ahmed
- Radiation Biology Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Peng M, Ying Y, Zhang Z, Liu L, Wang W. Reshaping the Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment at Different Stages with Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092448. [PMID: 37173915 PMCID: PMC10177210 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic tumor microenvironment, especially the immune microenvironment, during the natural progression and/or chemotherapy treatment is a critical frontier in understanding the effects of chemotherapy on pancreatic cancer. Non-stratified pancreatic cancer patients always receive chemotherapeutic strategies, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, predominantly according to their physical conditions and different disease stages. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment could be reshaped by chemotherapy, an outcome caused by immunogenic cell death, selection and/or education of preponderant tumor clones, adaptive gene mutations, and induction of cytokines/chemokines. These outcomes could in turn impact the efficacy of chemotherapy, making it range from synergetic to resistant and even tumor-promoting. Under chemotherapeutic impact, the metastatic micro-structures in the primary tumor may be built to leak tumor cells into the lymph or blood vasculature, and micro-metastatic/recurrent niches rich in immunosuppressive cells may be recruited by cytokines and chemokines, which provide housing conditions for these circling tumor cells. An in-depth understanding of how chemotherapy reshapes the tumor microenvironment may lead to new therapeutic strategies to block its adverse tumor-promoting effects and prolong survival. In this review, reshaped pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironments due to chemotherapy were reflected mainly in immune cells, pancreatic cancer cells, and cancer-associated fibroblast cells, quantitatively, functionally, and spatially. Additionally, small molecule kinases and immune checkpoints participating in this remodeling process caused by chemotherapy are suggested to be blocked reasonably to synergize with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhen Peng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Seltzer JA, Friedman NA, Hardin J, Galust H, Cantrell FL, Minns A. Oral Capecitabine Exposures and Use of Uridine Triacetate: A 20-Year Retrospective Analysis. Clin Drug Investig 2023; 43:359-363. [PMID: 37072662 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-023-01268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil. Toxicity can occur during therapy as well as acutely with overdose and particular genetic susceptibilities. Uridine triacetate is an effective antidote if given within 96 h of exposure. This study seeks to characterize accidental and intentional capecitabine exposures and uridine triacetate use, about which little has been published. METHODS A retrospective review of capecitabine exposures from 30 April 2001 to 31 December 2021 reported to a statewide poison control center was performed. All single-substance oral exposures were included. RESULTS In total, 81 of 128 reviewed cases were included, with a median age of 63 years. In total, 49 were acute-on-chronic exposures and 32 were acute exposures in capecitabine-naïve patients, 29 of which were accidental. Fifty-six (69%) were managed at home. Of these, none later recontacted the poison control center to report symptoms or were known to have later had healthcare facility evaluations. Of the 25 cases presenting for healthcare facility evaluation, 4 were acutely symptomatic. Thirteen were eligible for uridine triacetate, and six received it; no new or progressive toxicity was reported after. Three developed mild latent toxicity; otherwise, no morbidity or mortality was reported. CONCLUSIONS Accidental acute-on-chronic and acute ingestions of capecitabine appear to be well tolerated; most cases were managed at home. Unfortunately, little is known regarding the threshold at which toxicity may present following exposures. The threshold may vary individually given genetic susceptibilities. Management was heterogeneous, likely reflecting inadequate guidelines. Further research is needed to better delineate at-risk populations and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Seltzer
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Dr. #8676, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
- California Poison Control System, San Diego, CA, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Nathan A Friedman
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Dr. #8676, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
- California Poison Control System, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Hardin
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Dr. #8676, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
- California Poison Control System, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Galust
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Dr. #8676, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
- California Poison Control System, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - F Lee Cantrell
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Dr. #8676, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
- California Poison Control System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alicia Minns
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Dr. #8676, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
- California Poison Control System, San Diego, CA, USA
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7
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Toledo B, González-Titos A, Hernández-Camarero P, Perán M. A Brief Review on Chemoresistance; Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as an Alternative Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054487. [PMID: 36901917 PMCID: PMC10003376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of resistance to traditional chemotherapy and the chemoresistant metastatic relapse of minimal residual disease both play a key role in the treatment failure and poor prognosis of cancer. Understanding how cancer cells overcome chemotherapy-induced cell death is critical to improve patient survival rate. Here, we briefly describe the technical approach directed at obtaining chemoresistant cell lines and we will focus on the main defense mechanisms against common chemotherapy triggers by tumor cells. Such as, the alteration of drug influx/efflux, the enhancement of drug metabolic neutralization, the improvement of DNA-repair mechanisms, the inhibition of apoptosis-related cell death, and the role of p53 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in chemoresistance. Furthermore, we will focus on cancer stem cells (CSCs), the cell population that subsists after chemotherapy, increasing drug resistance by different processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an enhanced DNA repair machinery, and the capacity to avoid apoptosis mediated by BCL2 family proteins, such as BCL-XL, and the flexibility of their metabolism. Finally, we will review the latest approaches aimed at decreasing CSCs. Nevertheless, the development of long-term therapies to manage and control CSCs populations within the tumors is still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Toledo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Aitor González-Titos
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández-Camarero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaen, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.H.-C.); (M.P.)
| | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus de las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaen, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.H.-C.); (M.P.)
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8
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Matairesinol Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Exerts Synergistic Anticancer Effects with 5-Fluorouracil in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080473. [PMID: 35892941 PMCID: PMC9331355 DOI: 10.3390/md20080473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer and exhibits a devastating 5-year survival rate. The most recent procedure for the treatment of PDAC is a combination of several conventional chemotherapeutic agents, termed FOLFIRINOX, that includes irinotecan, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). However, ongoing treatment using these agents is challenging due to their severe side effects and limitations on the range of patients available for PDAC. Therefore, safer and more innovative anticancer agents must be developed. The anticarcinoma activity of matairesinol that can be extracted from seagrass has been reported in various types of cancer, including prostate, breast, cervical, and pancreatic cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of effective anticancer activity of matairesinol against pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we confirmed the inhibition of cell proliferation and progression induced by matairesinol in representative human pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1). Additionally, matairesinol triggers apoptosis and causes mitochondrial impairment as evidenced by the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, disruption of calcium, and suppression of cell migration and related intracellular signaling pathways. Finally, matairesinol exerts a synergistic effect with 5-FU, a standard anticancer agent for PDAC. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of matairesinol in the treatment of PDAC.
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Karthika C, Rahman MH, Sureshkumar R, Akter R, Khan AA, Alanazi AM, Azad AK, Barai P, Barai HR. 5-Fluorouracil and Curcumin Combination Coated with Pectin and Its Strategy towards Titanium Dioxide, Dimethylhydrazine Colorectal Cancer Model with the Evaluation of the Blood Parameters. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142868. [PMID: 35890644 PMCID: PMC9316185 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is considered the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of death globally. It has been proven that titanium dioxide nanoparticles produce oxidative stress and can lead to chronic inflammation, which could turn into diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and so on. To evaluate the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) curcumin (CUR) conjugate coated with pectin on colorectal cancer induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) and dimethylhydrazine (DMH), male rats were administered TiO2-NPs (5 mg/kg) orally and DMH (1 mg/kg) peritoneally for 70 days and treated with 5-FU (60 mg/kg) and CUR (240 mg/kg) conjugate (1:4 ratio) coated with pectin. The bodyweight of the animals was evaluated, and the blood sugar level was calculated. Further blood and plasma analyses were conducted. Hematological parameters, antioxidant parameters, and biochemical estimation were taken into consideration. The TiO2-NPs level in the blood and colorectal region was also calculated. With the induction of colon cancer using TiO2-NPs and DMH, a significant increase in the body weight of the animals was seen; eventually, with treatment, it was reduced. The bodyweight increase was due to an increase in the blood sugar level. There were also significant changes in the hematological parameters and biochemical estimation reports when comparing those of the positive control, negative control, and treated groups. No significant effect on biochemical estimation reports was seen. Conclusions: These reports suggest that 5-FU CUR conjugate coated with pectin helps in the management of colorectal cancer induced by TiO2-NPs and DMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty 643001, India;
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (M.H.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Raman Sureshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty 643001, India;
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (H.R.B.)
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea; (M.H.R.); (R.A.)
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.K.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Amer M. Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.K.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Paritosh Barai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh;
| | - Hasi Rani Barai
- School of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (H.R.B.)
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Pu N, Yin H, Chen Q, Zhang J, Wu W, Lou W. Current status and future perspectives of clinical research in pancreatic cancer: Establishment of evidence by science. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2022; 29:741-757. [PMID: 34514722 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive diseases in the world due to a lack of early detection, leading to an overall 5-year survival of only 10%. In recent years, clinical trials targeted pancreatic cancer in efforts to improve survival. These studies introduce new technologies, concepts, and evidence which have instilled new optimism for improving prognosis. This review summarizes the current status of the recent (5-year) clinical trials and describes contemporary research on pancreatic cancer, including surgical technology, diagnostic skills, traditional chemoradiotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and precision medicine. Then, the future trend and direction of clinical trials on pancreatic cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanlin Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangda Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Sugarbaker PH. After thirty years of experience with early postoperative intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil now saying goodbye. Surg Oncol 2022; 42:101757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2022.101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Eftekhar SP, Kazemi S, Moghadamnia AA. Effect of thymoquinone on pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil in rats and its effect on human cell line in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221145422. [PMID: 36510676 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221145422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the components extracted from Nigella sativa seeds and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. We evaluated the effect of TQ on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pharmacokinetics (PK) in vivo and in vitro on human colorectal cancer cell line. Ten Adult male Wistar rats were assigned to two groups. TQ treated group received intraperitoneal TQ once daily for 14 consecutive days (5 mg/kg). Both groups received intraperitoneal 5-FU (50 mg/kg) on day 15 and blood samples were collected from retro-orbital plexus. The pharmacokinetics parameters were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, various concentrations of 5-FU, TQ, and combination of 5-FU and TQ were added to the HT-29 cell line and cell viability was measured using 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay. The maximum serum concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC), and time of maximum concentration (Tmax) of 5-FU in TQ treated group were significantly increased approximately by 61, 60, and 24% compared to the control group, respectively. The combination of 5-FU with TQ (0.284 mM) showed a greater inhibitory effect on HT-29 cell growth compared to the alone 5-FU (0.027 and 0.055 mM) administration. TQ increases the AUC, Cmax, and Tmax of 5-FU and has a synergistic effect on the PK of 5-FU. Moreover, low concentration of TQ enhances the inhibitory effects of 5-FU on cell growth in colorectal cancer cell line. This synergistic effect might enhance the anticancer effects of low concentration of 5-FU, leading to drug dose reduction and reduced systemic toxicity of this chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Parsa Eftekhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, 114456Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, 114456Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, 114456Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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