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Channar PA, Aziz M, Ejaz SA, Chaudhry GES, Saeed A, Ujan R, Hasan A, Ejaz SR, Saeed A. Structural and functional insight into thiazolidinone derivatives as novel candidates for anticancer drug design: in vitro biological and in-silico strategies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:942-953. [PMID: 34927557 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2018045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The compounds 2a-2h containing a thiazolidinone pharmacophore were synthesized via hetrerocylization of thiosemicarbazones with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. The hybrid molecules were evaluated for anticancer activity against the human cell lines MCF-7, T47D (human breast adenocarcinoma) and HeLa (cervical cancer). Compounds 2c showed effective cytotoxicity on MCF-7 and HeLa (GI50 6.40 ± 0.10 μM/mL and GI5010.30 ± 1.09 μM/mL), and compound 2d also showed effective cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines i.e., (GI50 16.60 ± 0.21 μM/mL and GI50 15.02 ± 0.14 μM/mL). These findings were comparable to cisplatin (azane;dichloroplatinum) the standard drug (GI50 13.20 ± μM/mL and 15.10 μM/mL respectively) and consequently nominated for determination of the mode of cell death. The results revealed the cytotoxic effects of 2c and 2d by induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines. Moreover the results were further supported by the Molecular Docking which predicts the binding interactions of the best anticancer ligands with Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which is essential enzyme required for de-novo synthesis of DNA precursors. Molecular dynamic simulations were also performed to determine the stability of protein-ligand complex under different simulated conditions. In addition, the computational studies including DFTs, ADMET properties suggested these compounds can act as lead molecules, for the synthesis of novel drug candidates for the treatment of specific cancer and its associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mubashir Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Gul-E-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Amna Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Rabail Ujan
- Dr. M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Rabia Ejaz
- Department of Physics, The Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Potential Roles of Iridoid Glycosides and Their Underlying Mechanisms against Diverse Cancer Growth and Metastasis: Do They Have an Inhibitory Effect on Cancer Progression? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092974. [PMID: 34578851 PMCID: PMC8466600 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iridoids are glycosides found in plants, having inherent roles in defending them against infection by viruses and microorganisms, and in the rapid repair of damaged areas. The emerging roles of iridoid glycosides on pharmacological properties have aroused the curiosity of many researchers, and studies undertaken indicate that iridoid glycosides exert inhibitory effects in numerous cancers. This review focuses on the roles and the potential mechanism of iridoid glycosides at each stage of cancer development such as proliferation, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Overall, the reviewed literature indicates that iridoid glycosides inhibit cancer growth by inducing cell cycle arrest or by regulating apoptosis-related signaling pathways. In addition, iridoid glycosides suppress the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), resulting in reduced cancer cell migration and invasiveness. The antiangiogenic mechanism of iridoid glycosides was found to be closely related to the transcriptional regulation of pro-angiogenic factors, i.e., vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31). Taken together, these results indicate the therapeutic potential of iridoid glycosides to alleviate or prevent rapid cancer progression and metastasis.
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Trans DJ, Bai R, Addison JB, Liu R, Hamel E, Coleman MA, Henderson PT. Synthesis of two fluorescent GTPγS molecules and their biological relevance. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 36:379-391. [PMID: 28282254 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2016.1231320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent GTP analogues are utilized for an assortment of nucleic acid and protein characterization studies. Non-hydrolysable analogues such as GTPγS offer the advantage of keeping proteins in a GTP-bound conformation due to their resistance to hydrolysis into GDP. Two novel fluorescent GTPγS molecules were developed by linking fluorescein and tetramethylrhodamine to the γ-thiophosphate of GTPγS. Chemical and biological analysis of these two compounds revealed their successful synthesis and ability to bind to the nucleotide-binding site of tubulin. These two new fluorescent non-hydrolysable nucleotides offer new possibilities for biophysical and biochemical characterization of GTP-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J Trans
- a Department of Internal Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Ruoli Bai
- b Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , National Institutes of Health , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - J Bennet Addison
- c Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Ruiwu Liu
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Ernest Hamel
- b Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , National Institutes of Health , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Matthew A Coleman
- e Department of Radiation Oncology , University of California , Davis , CA , USA.,f Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , CA , USA
| | - Paul T Henderson
- a Department of Internal Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
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Li D, Cao Z, Liao X, Yang P, Liu L. The development of a quantitative and qualitative method based on UHPLC-QTOF MS/MS for evaluation paclitaxel–tetrandrine interaction and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Talanta 2016; 160:256-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ranade AR, Higgins L, Markowski TW, Glaser N, Kashin D, Bai R, Hong KH, Hamel E, Höfle G, Georg GI. Characterizing the Epothilone Binding Site on β-Tubulin by Photoaffinity Labeling: Identification of β-Tubulin Peptides TARGSQQY and TSRGSQQY as Targets of an Epothilone Photoprobe for Polymerized Tubulin. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3499-514. [PMID: 26986898 PMCID: PMC4845752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoaffinity labeling with an epothilone A photoprobe led to the identification of the β-tubulin peptides TARGSQQY and TSRGSQQY as targets of the photoprobe for polymerized tubulin. These peptides represent residues 274-281 in different β-tubulin isotypes. Placing the carbene producing 21-diazo/triazolo moiety of the photoprobe in the vicinity of the TARGSQQY peptide in a homology model of TBB3 predicted a binding pose and conformation of the photoprobe that are very similar to the ones reported for 1) the high resolution cocrystal structure of epothilone A with an α,β-tubulin complex and for 2) a saturation transfer difference NMR and transferred NOESY NMR study of dimeric and polymerized tubulin. Our findings thus provide additional support for these models as physiologically the most relevant among several modes of binding that have been proposed for epothilone A in the taxane pocket of β-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwait R. Ranade
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - LeeAnn Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Todd W. Markowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicole Glaser
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dmitry Kashin
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Kwon Ho Hong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Gerhard Höfle
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gunda I. Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
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Nicolaou KC, Rhoades D, Wang Y, Totokotsopoulos S, Bai R, Hamel E. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Epothilone B Side Chain Analogues. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1974-9. [PMID: 26447977 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of epothilone analogues with novel side chains equipped with an amino group are described. Their design facilitates potential conjugation to selective drug delivery systems such as antibodies. Their synthesis proceeded efficiently via Stille coupling of a readily available vinyl iodide and heterocyclic stannanes. Cytotoxicity studies and tubulin binding assays revealed two of these analogues to be more potent than epothilones A-D and the anticancer agent ixabepilone, currently in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
| | - Derek Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Sotirios Totokotsopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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Kinger M, Park JH, Lee JY, Kim SW. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Some Novel 1,3-Diaryl/heteroarylprop-2-en-1-one Derivatives. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Ferrando-Climent L, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Barceló D. Development of a UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of ten anticancer drugs in hospital and urban wastewaters, and its application for the screening of human metabolites assisted by information-dependent acquisition tool (IDA) in sewage samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:5937-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Syam S, Abdelwahab SI, Al-Mamary MA, Mohan S. Synthesis of chalcones with anticancer activities. Molecules 2012; 17:6179-95. [PMID: 22634834 PMCID: PMC6268294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Several chalcones were synthesized and their in vitro cytotoxicity against various human cell lines, including human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7, human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, human prostate cancer cell line PC3, human adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 (colorectal cancer) and human normal liver cell line WRL-68 was evaluated. Most of the compounds being active cytotoxic agents, four of them with minimal IC50 values were chosen and studied in detail with MCF-7 cells. The compounds 1, 5, 23, and 25 were capable in eliciting apoptosis in MCF-7 cells as shown by multiparameter cytotoxicity assay and caspase-3/7, -8, and -9 activities (p < 0.05). The ROS level showed 1.3-fold increase (p < 0.05) at the low concentrations used and thus it was concluded that the compounds increased the ROS level eventually leading to apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through intrinsic as well as extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvitha Syam
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Lab, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +603-7967-4909; Fax: +603-7967-4964
| | - Mohammed Ali Al-Mamary
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts in Al-Mukhwah, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65431, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syam Mohan
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
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Gertsch J, Meier S, Müller M, Altmann KH. Differential Effects of Natural Product Microtubule Stabilizers on Microtubule Assembly: Single Agent and Combination Studies with Taxol, Epothilone B, and Discodermolide. Chembiochem 2009; 10:166-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Otová B, Václavíková R, Danielová V, Holubová J, Ehrlichová M, Horský S, Soucek P, Simek P, Gut I. Effects of paclitaxel, docetaxel and their combinations on subcutaneous lymphomas in inbred Sprague-Dawley/Cub rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2006; 29:442-50. [PMID: 17000091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 08/12/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated, whether the effects on paclitaxel, docetaxel or their combinations on T-cell lymphomas in Sprague-Dawley/Cub rats were mainly caused by their different efficiency or combination of different mechanism of action, or limited by metabolic inactivation by P450 enzymes or drug efflux caused by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Docetaxel most effectively prolonged the survival of rats and the time of lymphoma appearance, inhibited their intravital size and weight after sacrifice. Paclitaxel was poorly effective and combined administration had intermediate effects. Blood levels of both drugs were similar. Repeated administration of paclitaxel, but not docetaxel, decreased its area under concentration, but the effect disappeared 6h after dosing and was not sufficient to explain lower effects of paclitaxel. The faster metabolism of docetaxel than paclitaxel in vitro did not limit its higher efficiency and repeated administration of paclitaxel did not induce its metabolism to decrease its blood levels sufficiently. Likewise, undetectable expression of P-gp protein in tumours could not explain lower effects of paclitaxel, which is a better substrate of P-gp. Docetaxel was three-fold more effective than paclitaxel against P388D1 lymphoma cell line, used as a model of the T-cell lymphoma and combined action was dominated by the effects of docetaxel. Thus, docetaxel was effective against T-cell lymphomas and may be a potential anticancer drug in similar indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Otová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Hamel E, Day BW, Miller JH, Jung MK, Northcote PT, Ghosh AK, Curran DP, Cushman M, Nicolaou KC, Paterson I, Sorensen EJ. Synergistic effects of peloruside A and laulimalide with taxoid site drugs, but not with each other, on tubulin assembly. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 70:1555-64. [PMID: 16887932 DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.027847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the drug content of pelleted tubulin polymers suggest that peloruside A binds in the laulimalide site, which is distinct from the taxoid site. In a tubulin assembly system containing microtubule-associated proteins and GTP, however, peloruside A was significantly less active than laulimalide, inducing assembly in a manner that was most similar to sarcodictyins A and B. Because peloruside A thus far seems to be the only compound that mimics the action of laulimalide, we examined combinations of microtubule-stabilizing agents for synergistic effects on tubulin assembly. We found that peloruside A and laulimalide showed no synergism but that both compounds could act synergistically with a number of taxoid site agents [paclitaxel, epothilones A/B, discodermolide, dictyostatin, eleutherobin, the steroid derivative 17beta-acetoxy-2-ethoxy-6-oxo-B-homo-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol, and cyclostreptin]. None of the taxoid site compounds showed any synergism with each other. From an initial study with peloruside A and cyclostreptin, we conclude that the synergism phenomenon derives, at least in part, from an apparent lowering of the tubulin critical concentration with drug combinations compared with single drugs. The apparent binding of peloruside A in the laulimalide site led us to attempt construction of a pharmacophore model based on superposition of an energy-minimized structure of peloruside A on the crystal structure of laulimalide. Although the different sizes of the macrocycles limited our ability to superimpose the two molecules, atom correspondences that were observed were consistent with the difficulty so far experienced in creation of fully active analogs of laulimalide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Hamel
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Threapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Cachoux F, Isarno T, Wartmann M, Altmann KH. Total synthesis and biological assessment of benzimidazole-based analogues of epothilone A: ambivalent effects on cancer cell growth inhibition. Chembiochem 2006; 7:54-7. [PMID: 16345113 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200500351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fréderic Cachoux
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Hönggerberg, HCI H 405, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Bold G, Wojeik S, Caravatti G, Lindauer R, Stierlin C, Gertsch J, Wartmann M, Altmann KH. Structure-Activity Relationships in Side-Chain-Modified Epothilone Analogues—How Important is the Position of the Nitrogen Atom? ChemMedChem 2006; 1:37-40. [PMID: 16892331 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200500051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Bold
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Cachoux F, Isarno T, Wartmann M, Altmann KH. Entwicklung struktureller Template zur Mikrotubulihemmung durch weitgehende Abwandlung der Epothilon-Grundstruktur. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cachoux F, Isarno T, Wartmann M, Altmann KH. Scaffolds for Microtubule Inhibition through Extensive Modification of the Epothilone Template. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:7469-73. [PMID: 16240301 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Cachoux
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Hönggerberg, HCI H 405, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Morais S, O'Malley S, Chen W, Mulchandani A. A tubulin-based fluorescent polarization assay for paclitaxel. Anal Biochem 2003; 321:44-9. [PMID: 12963054 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(03)00436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the development, characterization, and application of a separation-free, homogeneous, and simple to perform fluorescence polarization bioassay for paclitaxel. The bioassay is based on the binding interaction of paclitaxel to tubulin, the receptor protein on which this drug acts. The bioassay was carried out in a competitive format where the paclitaxel and a synthetic fluorescent-labeled paclitaxel (Rh-Tx) competed for tubulin binding, causing a change in fluorescence polarization, which was an inverse function of the paclitaxel concentration. The bioassay had a dynamic range from 0.03 to 0.35 microM, which falls in the therapeutic range (0.01-10 microM), and a limit of detection of 23 nM. The bioassay was selective against other naturally occurring taxanes such as baccatin III and 10-deacetylbaccatin III. However, there was interference from cephalomannine. The excellent sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility, and simplicity make this analytical technique suitable for routine and high-throughput analyses and might be helpful in providing better care for patients. The bioassay was successfully applied to the determination of paclitaxel in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Morais
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0444, USA
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Theodoridis G, Haasnoot W, Cazemier G, Schilt R, Jaziri M, Diallo B, Papadoyannis IN, de Jong GJ. Immunoaffinity chromatography for the sample pretreatment of Taxus plant and cell extracts prior to analysis of taxanes by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 948:177-85. [PMID: 12831195 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The application of immunoaffinity chromatography for the purification of Taxus plant and cell extracts prior to the HPLC analysis is described. Polyclonal antibodies raised against 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB III), paclitaxel's main precursor in plant, were characterised by enzymed-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoglobulins from selected antisera were immobilised on CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The immunoaffinity column was used for the purification of plant and plant cell culture extracts prior to their analysis by HPLC. Immunoaffinity chromatography enabled the selective concentration of taxoids and enhanced sample clean-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Dep. Chemistry, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, 540 06 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Abstract
A fluorescence-based continuous-flow immunosensor for sensitive, precise, accurate and fast determination of paclitaxel was developed. The sensor utilizes anti-paclitaxel antibody immobilized through its Fc region and crosslinked by dimethylpimelimidate to protein A attached covalently onto the silanized inner walls of a glass capillary column followed by saturation of the paclitaxel-binding sites with rhodamine-labeled paclitaxel. The assay is based on the displacement and detection downstream of the rhodamine-labeled paclitaxel, by a flow-through spectrofluorometer, as a result of the competition with paclitaxel introduced as a pulse into the stream of carrier buffer flowing through the system. The peak height of the fluorescence intensity profile of the displaced rhodamine-labeled paclitaxel was directly proportional to the concentration of paclitaxel applied and was a function of the carrier buffer flow rate. The sensitivity of the immunosensor response ranged from 0.31 relative fluorescence units (RFU)/ng/ml at a flow rate 0.1 ml/min to 0.52 RFU/ng/ml at 1 ml/min, while the lower detection limit ranged from 1 ng/ml at 0.1 ml/min to 4 ng/ml at 1 ml/min. The immunosensor response was very reproducible (RSD=4.8%; n=10) and linear up to 100 ng/ml. The assay time ranged from 2 min at 1 ml/min to 8 min at 0.1 ml/min. A technique developed to resaturate the antigen binding sites of the immobilized antibody with rhodamine-labeled paclitaxel was successful in regenerating the capillary column without affecting its performance, thus enhancing the economic viability of the immunosensor. The immunosensor was successfully applied for the determination of paclitaxel in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Sheikh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside CA 92521, USA
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White JD, Carter RG, Sundermann KF, Wartmann M. Total synthesis of epothilone B, epothilone D, and cis- and trans-9,10-dehydroepothilone D. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:5407-13. [PMID: 11389619 DOI: 10.1021/ja010454b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The phosphonium salt 35, representing one of the two principal subunits of the epothilones, was prepared from propargyl alcohol via heptenone 22. A Wittig reaction of the phosphorane from 35 with aldehyde 33, obtained from aldol condensation of ketone 27 with aldehyde 28, afforded 37. Seco acid 42 derived from 37 underwent lactonization to give cis-9,10-dehydroepothilone D (43) which was selectively reduced with diimide to yield epothilone D (4) and, after epoxidation, epothilone B (2). An alternative route to epothilone D employed alkyne 39, obtained from 33, in a Castro-Stephens reaction with allylic bromide 34 to furnish enyne 40. The latter was semi-hydrogenated to provide 37. Alkyne 46, prepared from alcohol 45, was converted to trans-vinylstannane 47 which, in a Stille coupling with allylic chloride 50, gave 51. Seco acid 52 derived from 51 underwent lactonization to give trans-9,10-dehydroepothilone D (54). Bioassay data comparing the antiproliferative activity and tubulin polymerization of 43 and 54 with epothilone B (2), epothilone D (4), and paclitaxel (7) showed that the synthetic analogues were less potent than their natural counterparts, although both retain full antiproliferative activity against a paclitaxel-resistant cell line. No significant difference in potency was noted between cis analogue 43 and its trans isomer 54.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D White
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-4003, USA
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Ali S, Ahmad I, Peters A, Masters G, Minchey S, Janoff A, Mayhew E. Hydrolyzable hydrophobic taxanes: synthesis and anti-cancer activities. Anticancer Drugs 2001; 12:117-28. [PMID: 11261884 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200102000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of taxane prodrugs with 2-bromoacyl chains attached at the 2'-position of the paclitaxel side chain, varying from six, eight, 12, 14 to 16 carbons in length, were synthesized, characterized and evaluated against human breast MCF-7 cancer cell line for their growth inhibitory (GI50) activities. The GI50 is the drug concentration required to inhibit cell growth by 50%. For comparison, hydrophobic taxanes varying in acyl chain lengths from six to 16 carbons were also synthesized and compared for their G050s with taxanes having equivalent bromoacyl chain lengths. The bromoacyl taxanes bearing six, eight and 12 carbon acyl chain lengths had GI50 values very similar to parent paclitaxel. The GI50 was 3 nM for three taxanes versus 1 nM for paclitaxel on the MCF-7 cell line. Increasing the acyl chain length to 14 or 16 carbons resulted in a significant decrease in cytotoxicity and an increase in the GI50 to 20 or 70 nM, respectively. In general, the GI50 values were directly related to the bromoacyl chain lengths in cultured tumor cells. Unlike bromoacyl taxanes, the taxanes lacking bromine in their acyl chain composition were 50- to 250-fold less active, suggesting that the heteroatom facilitated the hydrolysis of acyl chains to yield free paclitaxel. These differences in growth inhibitory activities may indirectly reflect differences in the susceptibility of the acyl chain to bromine-induced hydrolysis after association of the derivative with cell membranes. Liposome formulations of 2-bromoacyl taxanes bearing six, eight, 12 and 16 carbons were prepared and tested in SCID mice against a xenografted human ovcar-3 ovarian tumor. In vivo results showed that bromoacyl taxanes with a longer chain were therapeutically more efficacious than those with a short chain, presumably due to slow hydrolysis of the prodrug followed by sustained delivery of paclitaxel to the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ali
- The Liposome Company, Inc., One Research Way, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
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22
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Altmann KH, Bold G, Caravatti G, Flörsheimer A, Guagnano V, Wartmann M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of highly potent analogues of epothilones B and D. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2765-8. [PMID: 11133086 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of new epothilone B and D analogues incorporating fused hetero-aromatic side chains have been prepared. The synthetic strategy is based on olefin 3 as the common intermediate and allows variation of the side-chain structure in a highly convergent and stereoselective manner. Epothilone analogues 1a-d and 2a-d are more potent inhibitors of cancer cell proliferation than the corresponding parent epothilones B or D.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Altmann
- Novartis Pharma AG, TA Oncology Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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23
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Nicolaou KC, Scarpelli R, Bollbuck B, Werschkun B, Pereira MM, Wartmann M, Altmann KH, Zaharevitz D, Gussio R, Giannakakou P. Chemical synthesis and biological properties of pyridine epothilones. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2000; 7:593-9. [PMID: 11048950 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(00)00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous analogs of the antitumor agents epothilones A and B have been synthesized in search of better pharmacological profiles. Insights into the structure-activity relationships within the epothilone family are still needed and more potent and selective analogs of these compounds are in demand, both as biological tools and as chemotherapeutic agents, especially against drug-resistant tumors. RESULTS A series of pyridine epothilone B analogs were designed, synthesized and screened. The synthesized compounds exhibited varying degrees of tubulin polymerization and cytotoxicity properties against a number of human cancer cell lines depending on the location of the nitrogen atom and the methyl substituent within the pyridine nucleus. CONCLUSIONS The biological screening results in this study established the importance of the nitrogen atom at the ortho position as well as the beneficial effect of a methyl substituent at the 4- or 5-position of the pyridine ring. Two pyridine epothilone B analogs (i.e. compounds 3 and 4) possessing higher potencies against drug-resistant tumor cells than epothilone B, the most powerful of the naturally occurring epothilones, were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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25
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Sparreboom A, de Bruijn P, Nooter K, Loos WJ, Stoter G, Verweij J. Determination of paclitaxel in human plasma using single solvent extraction prior to isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 705:159-64. [PMID: 9498685 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection at 230 nm has been developed for the determination of paclitaxel in human plasma. Plasma samples were prepared by a selective one-step liquid-liquid extraction involving a mixture of acetonitrile-n-butyl chloride (1:4, v/v). Paclitaxel and the internal standard docetaxel were separated using a column packed with ODS-80A material, and a mobile phase consisting of water-methanol-tetrahydrofuran-ammonium hydroxide (37.5:60:2.5:0.1, v/v). The calibration graph for paclitaxel was linear in the range 10-500 ng/ml, with a lower limit of quantitation of 10 ng/ml, using 1 ml plasma samples. The extraction recoveries of spiked paclitaxel and docetaxel to drug-free human plasma were 89.6+/-8.52 and 93.7+/-5.0%, respectively. Validation data showed that the assay for paclitaxel is sensitive, selective, accurate and reproducible. The assay has been used in a single pharmacokinetic experiment in a patient to investigate the applicability of the method in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sparreboom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rotterdam Cancer Institute (Daniel den Hoed Kliniek) and University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Nicolaou KC, Vourloumis D, Li T, Pastor J, Winssinger N, He Y, Ninkovic S, Sarabia F, Vallberg H, Roschanger F, King NP, Finlay MRV, Giannakakou P, Verdier-Pinard P, Hamel E. Gezielt entworfene Epothilone: kombinatorische Synthese, Induktion der Tubulin-Polymerisation und cytotoxische Wirkung gegen taxolresistente Tumorzellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19971091917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Nicolaou KC, Winssinger N, Pastor J, Ninkovic S, Sarabia F, He Y, Vourloumis D, Yang Z, Li T, Giannakakou P, Hamel E. Synthesis of epothilones A and B in solid and solution phase. Nature 1997; 387:268-72. [PMID: 9153390 DOI: 10.1038/387268a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Epothilones A and B, two compounds that have been recently isolated from myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum strain 90, have generated intense interest among chemists, biologists and clinicians owing to the structural complexity, unusual mechanism of interaction with microtubules and anticancer potential of these molecules. Like taxol, they exhibit cytotoxicity against tumour cells by inducing microtubule assembly and stabilization, even in taxol-resistant cell lines. Following the structural elucidation of these molecules by X-ray crystallography in 1996, several syntheses of epothilones A and B have been reported, indicative of the potential importance of these molecules in the cancer field. Here we report the first solid-phase synthesis of epothilone A, the total synthesis of epothilone B, and the generation of a small epothilone library. The solid-phase synthesis applied here to epothilone A could open up new possibilities in natural-product synthesis and, together with solution-phase synthesis of other epothilones, paves the way for the generation of large combinatorial libraries of these important molecules for biological screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Chordia MD, Kingston DG, Hamel E, Lin CM, Long BH, Fairchild CA, Johnston KA, Rose WC. Synthesis and biological activity of A-nor-paclitaxel analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 1997; 5:941-7. [PMID: 9208103 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(97)00035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A number of paclitaxel analogues with a 5-membered A-ring (A-nor-paclitaxels, or (15-->1)-abeo-paclitaxels) have been prepared in order to determine whether analogues of this class might have improved bioactivity as compared with paclitaxel. Most of the compounds synthesized were less active than paclitaxel, but one analogue was equivalent to paclitaxel in a tubulin-assembly assay, and another analogue was more cytotoxic than paclitaxel in two different cell lines of the NCI screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Chordia
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061-0212, USA
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