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Nader AA, Hauka FIA, Afify AH, El-Sawah AM. Drought-Tolerant Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mitigate the Detrimental Effects of Drought Stress Induced by Withholding Irrigation at Critical Growth Stages of Soybean ( Glycine max, L.). Microorganisms 2024; 12:1123. [PMID: 38930505 PMCID: PMC11205826 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering current global climate change, drought stress is regarded as a major problem negatively impacting the growth of soybeans, particularly at the critical stages R3 (early pod) and R5 (seed development). Microbial inoculation is regarded as an ecologically friendly and low-cost-effective strategy for helping soybean plants withstand drought stress. The present study aimed to isolate newly drought-tolerant bacteria from native soil and evaluated their potential for producing growth-promoting substances as well as understanding how these isolated bacteria along with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could mitigate drought stress in soybean plants at critical growth stages in a field experiment. In this study, 30 Bradyrhizobium isolates and 30 rhizobacterial isolates were isolated from the soybean nodules and rhizosphere, respectively. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 was used for evaluating their tolerance to drought, and then the production of growth promotion substances was evaluated under both without/with PEG. The most effective isolates (DTB4 and DTR30) were identified genetically using 16S rRNA gene. A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of inoculation with DTB4 and DTR30 along with AMF (Glomus clarum, Funneliformis mosseae, and Gigaspora margarita) on the growth and yield of drought-stressed soybeans. Our results showed that the bioinoculant applications improved the growth traits (shoot length, root length, leaf area, and dry weight), chlorophyll content, nutrient content (N, P, and K), nodulation, and yield components (pods number, seeds weight, and grain yield) of soybean plants under drought stress (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, proline contents were decreased due to the bioinoculant applications under drought when compared to uninoculated treatments. As well as the count of bacteria, mycorrhizal colonization indices, and the activity of soil enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) were enhanced in the soybean rhizosphere under drought stress. This study's findings imply that using a mixture of bioinoculants may help soybean plants withstand drought stress, particularly during critical growth stages, and that soybean growth, productivity, and soil microbial activity were improved under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ahmed M. El-Sawah
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Tritean N, Trică B, Dima ŞO, Capră L, Gabor RA, Cimpean A, Oancea F, Constantinescu-Aruxandei D. Mechanistic insights into the plant biostimulant activity of a novel formulation based on rice husk nanobiosilica embedded in a seed coating alginate film. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1349573. [PMID: 38835865 PMCID: PMC11148368 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1349573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Seed coating ensures the targeted delivery of various compounds from the early stages of development to increase crop quality and yield. Silicon and alginate are known to have plant biostimulant effects. Rice husk (RH) is a significant source of biosilica. In this study, we coated mung bean seeds with an alginate-glycerol-sorbitol (AGS) film with embedded biogenic nanosilica (SiNPs) from RH, with significant plant biostimulant activity. After dilute acid hydrolysis of ground RH in a temperature-controlled hermetic reactor, the resulting RH substrate was neutralized and calcined at 650°C. The structural and compositional characteristics of the native RH, the intermediate substrate, and SiNPs, as well as the release of soluble Si from SiNPs, were investigated. The film for seed coating was optimized using a mixture design with three factors. The physiological properties were assessed in the absence and the presence of 50 mM salt added from the beginning. The main parameters investigated were the growth, development, metabolic activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, and the Si content of seedlings. The results evidenced a homogeneous AGS film formation embedding 50-nm amorphous SiNPs having Si-O-Si and Si-OH bonds, 0.347 cm3/g CPV (cumulative pore volume), and 240 m2/g SSA (specific surface area). The coating film has remarkable properties of enhancing the metabolic, proton pump activities and ROS scavenging of mung seedlings under salt stress. The study shows that the RH biogenic SiNPs can be efficiently applied, together with the optimized, beneficial alginate-based film, as plant biostimulants that alleviate saline stress from the first stages of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Tritean
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Trică
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ştefan-Ovidiu Dima
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luiza Capră
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca-Augusta Gabor
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Florin Oancea
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Alshammari WB, Alshammery K, Lotfi S, Altamimi H, Alshammari A, Al-Harbi NA, Jakovljević D, Alharbi MH, Moustapha ME, Abd El-Moneim D, Abdelaal K. Improvement of morphophysiological and anatomical attributes of plants under abiotic stress conditions using plant growth-promoting bacteria and safety treatments. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17286. [PMID: 38708356 PMCID: PMC11067897 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought and salinity are the major abiotic stress factors negatively affecting the morphophysiological, biochemical, and anatomical characteristics of numerous plant species worldwide. The detrimental effects of these environmental factors can be seen in leaf and stem anatomical structures including the decrease in thickness of cell walls, palisade and spongy tissue, phloem and xylem tissue. Also, the disintegration of grana staking, and an increase in the size of mitochondria were observed under salinity and drought conditions. Drought and salt stresses can significantly decrease plant height, number of leaves and branches, leaf area, fresh and dry weight, or plant relative water content (RWC%) and concentration of photosynthetic pigments. On the other hand, stress-induced lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, electrolyte leakage (EL%), and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can increase under salinity and drought conditions. Antioxidant defense systems such as catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, ascorbic acid, and gamma-aminobutyric acid are essential components under drought and salt stresses to protect the plant organelles from oxidative damage caused by ROS. The application of safe and eco-friendly treatments is a very important strategy to overcome the adverse effects of drought and salinity on the growth characteristics and yield of plants. It is shown that treatments with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can improve morphoanatomical characteristics under salinity and drought stress. It is also shown that yeast extract, mannitol, proline, melatonin, silicon, chitosan, α-Tocopherols (vitamin E), and biochar alleviate the negative effects of drought and salinity stresses through the ROS scavenging resulting in the improvement of plant attributes and yield of the stressed plants. This review discusses the role of safety and eco-friendly treatments in alleviating the harmful effects of salinity and drought associated with the improvement of the anatomical, morphophysiological, and biochemical features in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kholoud Alshammery
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Lotfi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya Altamimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
- Biology Department, University College of Tayma, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dragana Jakovljević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragu-jevac, Serbia
| | - Mona Hajed Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Scince and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Eid Moustapha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abdelaal
- EPCRS Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Slimani A, Ait-El-Mokhtar M, Ben-Laouane R, Boutasknit A, Anli M, Abouraicha EF, Oufdou K, Meddich A, Baslam M. Signals and Machinery for Mycorrhizae and Cereal and Oilseed Interactions towards Improved Tolerance to Environmental Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:826. [PMID: 38592805 PMCID: PMC10975020 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for sustainable agricultural practices, there arises an urgent need for alternative solutions to mineral fertilizers and pesticides, aiming to diminish the environmental footprint of farming. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) emerge as a promising avenue, bestowing plants with heightened nutrient absorption capabilities while alleviating plant stress. Cereal and oilseed crops benefit from this association in a number of ways, including improved growth fitness, nutrient uptake, and tolerance to environmental stresses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms shaping the impact of AMF on these crops offers encouraging prospects for a more efficient use of these beneficial microorganisms to mitigate climate change-related stressors on plant functioning and productivity. An increased number of studies highlighted the boosting effect of AMF on grain and oil crops' tolerance to (a)biotic stresses while limited ones investigated the molecular aspects orchestrating the different involved mechanisms. This review gives an extensive overview of the different strategies initiated by mycorrhizal cereal and oilseed plants to manage the deleterious effects of environmental stress. We also discuss the molecular drivers and mechanistic concepts to unveil the molecular machinery triggered by AMF to alleviate the tolerance of these crops to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Slimani
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment & Agri-Food URAC 36, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques—Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - Raja Ben-Laouane
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Boutasknit
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohammed First University, Nador 62700, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Anli
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Department of Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Comoros, Patsy University Center, Moroni 269, Comoros
| | - El Faiza Abouraicha
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Techniques (ISPITS), Essaouira 44000, Morocco
| | - Khalid Oufdou
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- AgroBiosciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Meddich
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- GrowSmart, Seoul 03129, Republic of Korea
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Neuhoff D, Neumann G, Weinmann M. Testing plant growth promoting microorganisms in the field - a proposal for standards. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1324665. [PMID: 38293625 PMCID: PMC10824932 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1324665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
In the European Union and worldwide there are a burgeoning markets for plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) and other biological agents as soil improvers, bio-fertilizers, plant bio-stimulants, and biological control agents or bio-pesticides. Microbial agents have a major share in this development. The use of such products is often advertised with the promise of contributing to sustainable agricultural practices by increasing crop growth and yield and offering an alternative or substitute to decrease the dependency of agriculture on hazardeous agrochemicals. In contrast to registered microbial plant protection products, PGPM that are marketed in the EU as soil improvers or plant biostimulants, are not strictly required to have proven minimum efficacy levels under field conditions. Manufacturers only have to ensure that these products do not pose unacceptable risks to human, animal or plant health, safety or the environment. Uniform guidelines comparable to the EPPO - standards (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation) to test the efficacy in field trials are not available. This paper attempts to fill the gap. It proposes guidelines for PGPM field trial design and implementation, as well as recommendations for the type and scope of data collection and evaluation. Selected research papers from literature were evaluated to analyze, whether and to what extent the requirements are already met. The majority of the papers had a clear experimental design followed by proper data evaluation. Frequent deficiencies were the low number of tested environments and crop species, insufficient site and agronomic management description and missing data on soil humidity and temperature. Using the suggested standards is assumed to increase the expressive power of tested microbial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Neuhoff
- Department Agroecology & Organic Farming, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Günter Neumann
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Weinmann
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Raklami A, Babalola OO, Jemo M, Nafis A. Unlocking the plant growth-promoting potential of yeast spp.: exploring species from the Moroccan extremophilic environment for enhanced plant growth and sustainable farming. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnae015. [PMID: 38419295 PMCID: PMC10950045 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we successfully isolated two distinct yeasts from Moroccan extreme environments. These yeasts were subjected to molecular characterization by analyzing their Internal Transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. Our research thoroughly characterizes plant growth-promoting abilities and their drought and salt stress tolerance. In a greenhouse assay, we examined the impact of selected yeasts on Medicago sativa's growth. Four treatments were employed: (i) control without inoculation (NI), (ii) inoculation with L1, (iii) inoculation with L2, and (iv) inoculation with the mixture L1 + L2. L1 isolated from Toubkal Mountain shared 99.83% sequence similarity to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Meanwhile, L2, thriving in the arid Merzouga desert, displayed a similar identity to Naganishia albida (99.84%). Yeast strains were tolerant to NaCl (2 M) and 60% PEG (polyethylene glycol P6000) in case of drought. Both strains could solubilize phsphorus, with L2 additionally demonstrating potassium solubilization. In addition, both strains produce indole acetic acid (up to 135 µl ml-1), have siderophore ability, and produce aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase. Isolates L1 and L2, and their consortium showed that the single or combined strain inoculation of M. sativa improved plant growth, development, and nutrient assimilation. These findings pave the way for harnessing yeast-based solutions in agricultural practices, contributing to enhanced crop productivity and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Raklami
- AgroBiosciences Program, College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Martin Jemo
- AgroBiosciences Program, College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences (CAES), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Nafis
- Microbiology and Antimicrobial Agents Team, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Valorization of Ecosystems (LB2VE/URL-CNRST n°10), Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
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Lu Y, Yan Y, Qin J, Ou L, Yang X, Liu F, Xu Y. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance phosphate uptake and alter bacterial communities in maize rhizosphere soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1206870. [PMID: 37426987 PMCID: PMC10325641 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can symbiose with many plants and improve nutrient uptake for their host plant. Rhizosphere microorganisms have been pointed to play important roles in helping AMF to mobilize soil insoluble nutrients, especially phosphorus. Whether the change in phosphate transport under AMF colonization will affect rhizosphere microorganisms is still unknown. Here, we evaluated the links of interactions among AMF and the rhizosphere bacterial community of maize (Zea mays L.) by using a maize mycorrhizal defective mutant. Loss of mycorrhizal symbiosis function reduced the phosphorus concentration, biomass, and shoot length of maize colonized by AMF. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon high-throughput sequencing, we found that the mutant material shifted the bacterial community in the rhizosphere under AMF colonization. Further functional prediction based on amplicon sequencing indicated that rhizosphere bacteria involved in sulfur reduction were recruited by the AMF colonized mutant but reduced in the AMF- colonized wild type. These bacteria harbored much abundance of sulfur metabolism-related genes and negatively correlated with biomass and phosphorus concentrations of maize. Collectively, this study shows that AMF symbiosis recruited rhizosphere bacterial communities to improve soil phosphate mobilization, which may also play a potential role in regulating sulfur uptake. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving crop adaptation to nutrient deficiency through soil microbial management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Lu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yixiu Yan
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Luyan Ou
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunjian Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Zhang X, Li Q, Zhou F, Fan S, Zhao X, Zhang C, Yan K, Wu X. Effects of different cultivation media on root bacterial community characteristics of greenhouse tomatoes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1182347. [PMID: 37275166 PMCID: PMC10232838 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1182347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato, as a typical greenhouse crop, is commonly first planted as seedlings in a variety of substrates before being transplanted into soil. However, there is rare research on the characteristics of the bacterial community in tomato roots under this planting mode. In this study, tomatoes were planted in pots containing three different cultivation media, including soil and two types of substrates in a greenhouse, followed by a transplanting treatment. After collecting tomato root samples, high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used to compare the differences in bacterial diversity and functions between tomato roots before and after transplanting in different cultivation media. In total, 702776 sequences were obtained, and the OTUs were belonging to 109 genera, 58 families, 41 orders, 14 classes, and 12 phyla. Among the three cultivation media, the β-diversity was significant, and there was a slight difference in bacterial species diversity along with a large difference in their abundance at the genus level. Soil and both substrates had 79 bacterial genera in common, these genera accounted for 68.70%, 76.70%, and 71.17% of the total genera found in the soil, substrate 1, and substrate 2, respectively. After being transplanted from the two substrates to the soil, the bacterial community structure and abundance exhibited similarities with those found in the soil. Furthermore, based on microbial function prediction, the microbial communities in the two-substrate environment demonstrated a greater potential for promoting growth, while the microbial communities in the soil exhibited a greater tendency to exert their antibacterial potential. Our findings offer theoretical support for the creation of artificially reconstructed microbial communities in greenhouse cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Susu Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Kun Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
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Ashwin R, Bagyaraj DJ, Mohan Raju B. Ameliorating the drought stress tolerance of a susceptible soybean cultivar, MAUS 2 through dual inoculation with selected rhizobia and AM fungus. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2023; 10:10. [PMID: 37138367 PMCID: PMC10158380 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-023-00157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is currently the primary abiotic stress factor for crop loss worldwide. Although drought stress reduces the crop yield significantly, species and genotypes differ in their stress response; some tolerate the stress effect while others not. In several systems, it has been shown that, some of the beneficial soil microbes ameliorate the stress effect and thereby, minimizing yield losses under stress conditions. Realizing the importance of beneficial soil microbes, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of selected microbial inoculants namely, N-fixing bacteria, Bradyrhizobium liaoningense and P-supplying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Ambispora leptoticha on growth and performance of a drought susceptible and high yielding soybean cultivar, MAUS 2 under drought condition. RESULTS Drought stress imposed during flowering and pod filling stages showed that, dual inoculation consisting of B. liaoningense and A. leptoticha improved the physiological and biometric characteristics including nutrient uptake and yield under drought conditions. Inoculated plants showed an increased number of pods and pod weight per plant by 19% and 34% respectively, while the number of seeds and seed weight per plant increased by 17% and 32% respectively over un-inoculated plants under drought stress condition. Further, the inoculated plants showed higher chlorophyll and osmolyte content, higher detoxifying enzyme activity, and higher cell viability because of less membrane damage compared to un-inoculated plants under stress condition. In addition, they also showed higher water use efficiency coupled with more nutrients accumulation besides exhibiting higher load of beneficial microbes. CONCLUSION Dual inoculation of soybean plants with beneficial microbes would alleviate the drought stress effects, thereby allowing normal plants' growth under stress condition. The study therefore, infers that AM fungal and rhizobia inoculation seems to be necessary when soybean is to be cultivated under drought or water limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revanna Ashwin
- Centre for Natural Biological Resources and Community Development (CNBRCD), 41 RBI Colony, Anand Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India
- Centre for Research and Development (CRD), PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613403, India
| | - Davis Joseph Bagyaraj
- Centre for Natural Biological Resources and Community Development (CNBRCD), 41 RBI Colony, Anand Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560024, India.
| | - Basavaiah Mohan Raju
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
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Begum N, Xiao Y, Wang L, Li D, Irshad A, Zhao T. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis alleviates drought stress in soybean with overexpressing the GmSPL9d gene by promoting photosynthetic apparatus and regulating the antioxidant system. Microbiol Res 2023; 273:127398. [PMID: 37167733 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the most destructive abiotic stress and negatively affects crop growth and productivity. Modern breeding efforts have produced numerous cultivars with distinct genetic traits that improve crop growth and drought stress tolerance. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance drought tolerance in soybean plants by directly providing nutrients to plants, promoting photosynthesis, or influencing interspecific plant interactions in natural communities. However, the interactions between AMF and wild and transgenic soybean genotypes remain unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth performance of drought-stressed transgenic soybean lines (ZXOE-11 and ZXOE-13) overexpressing GmSPL9d gene and their wild soybean Tianlong 1 (TL1) at the seedling stage (45 d after sowing). The results showed that colonization of wild and transgenic soybean with Rhizophagus irregularis significantly decreased the adverse effects of drought on plant growth. AMF inoculation significantly increased plant biomass, root activity, chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence in wild-type and transgenic plants under both control and drought stress conditions. Drought causes the production of ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide, which enhances MDA, thereby decreasing the membrane stability index (MSI). However, AMF-inoculated plants exhibited decreased ROS accumulation and increased MSI. Moreover, AMF treatment significantly improved osmolyte, nitrogen, and nitrate reductase activity under control and drought conditions, which increased the relative water content. Furthermore, AMF treatment enhanced the antioxidant systems of drought-stressed plants by increasing the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. AMF improved the growth performance, photosynthesis, and antioxidant activity of transgenic plants under drought stress conditions. The present findings indicate that the AMF contribution to soybean seedling drought tolerance was more significant for the transgenic plants than for the wild plants under drought conditions. The current findings emphasize the possibility of growth and photosynthetic variation in the degree of AMF-associated drought resistance in soybean plants. Our findings suggest that future crop breeding challenges include developing cultivars for sustainable production and maximizing crop cultivar and fungal species (AMF) combinations in drought-stressed regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheeda Begum
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yuntao Xiao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ling Wang
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Annie Irshad
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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11
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Nakei MD, Venkataramana PB, Ndakidemi PA. Preliminary symbiotic performance of indigenous soybean (Glycine max)-nodulating rhizobia from agricultural soils of Tanzania. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1085843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the increase in human population continues to threaten the sustainability of agricultural systems. Despite the fast-growing population in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the efforts in improving the productivity of crops, the increase in the yield of crops per unit area is still not promising. The productivity of crops is primarily constrained by inadequate levels of soil nutrients to support optimum crop growth and development. However, smallholder farmers occasionally use fertilizers, and the amount applied is usually small and does not meet plant requirements. This is due to the unaffordability of the cost of fertilizers, which is enough to suffice the crop requirement. Therefore, there is a need for alternative affordable and effective fertilization methods for sustainable intensification and improvement of the smallholder farming system's productivity. This study was designed to evaluate the symbiotic performance of indigenous soybean nodulating rhizobia in selected agricultural soils of Tanzania. In total, 217 rhizobia isolates were obtained from three agroecological zones, i.e., eastern, northern, and southern highlands. The isolates collected were screened for N2 fixing abilities under in vitro (nitrogen-free medium) and screen house conditions. The results showed varying capabilities of isolates in nitrogen-fixing both under in vitro and screen house conditions. Under in vitro experiment, 22% of soybean rhizobia isolates were identified to have a nitrogen-fixing capability on an N-free medium, with the highest N2-fixing diameter of 1.87 cm. In the screen house pot experiment, results showed that soybean rhizobia isolate significantly (P < 0.001) influenced different plant growth and yield components, where the average shoot dry weight ranged from 2.49 to 10.98 g, shoot length from 41 to 125.27 cm whilst the number of leaves per plant ranged from 20 to 66. Furthermore, rhizobia isolates significantly (P = 0.038) increased root dry weight from 0.574 to 2.17 g. In the case of symbiotic parameters per plant, the number of nodules was in the range of 0.33–22, nodules dry weight (0.001–0.137 g), shoot nitrogen (2.37–4.97%), total nitrogen (53.59–6.72 g), and fixed nitrogen (46.878–0.15 g) per plant. In addition, the results indicated that 51.39% of the tested bacterial isolates in this study were ranked as highly effective in symbiosis, suggesting that they are promising as potential alternative biofertilizers for soybean production in agricultural soils of Tanzania to increase productivity per unit area while reducing production cost.
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Dual inoculation with Bradyrhizobium liaoningense and Ambispora leptoticha improves drought stress tolerance and Productivity in soybean cultivars, MAUS 2 and DSR 12. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Koza NA, Adedayo AA, Babalola OO, Kappo AP. Microorganisms in Plant Growth and Development: Roles in Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Secondary Metabolites Secretion. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081528. [PMID: 36013946 PMCID: PMC9415082 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crops aimed at feeding an exponentially growing population are often exposed to a variety of harsh environmental factors. Although plants have evolved ways of adjusting their metabolism and some have also been engineered to tolerate stressful environments, there is still a shortage of food supply. An alternative approach is to explore the possibility of using rhizosphere microorganisms in the mitigation of abiotic stress and hopefully improve food production. Several studies have shown that rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae organisms can help improve stress tolerance by enhancing plant growth; stimulating the production of phytohormones, siderophores, and solubilizing phosphates; lowering ethylene levels; and upregulating the expression of dehydration response and antioxidant genes. This article shows the secretion of secondary metabolites as an additional mechanism employed by microorganisms against abiotic stress. The understanding of these mechanisms will help improve the efficacy of plant-growth-promoting microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntombikhona Appear Koza
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Afeez Adesina Adedayo
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Correspondence: (O.O.B.); (A.P.K.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2568 (O.O.B.); +27-11-559-3182 (A.P.K.); Fax: +27-11-559-2605 (O.O.B.)
| | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- Correspondence: (O.O.B.); (A.P.K.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2568 (O.O.B.); +27-11-559-3182 (A.P.K.); Fax: +27-11-559-2605 (O.O.B.)
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14
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Ali F, Wei X, Siddiqui ZS, Chen J, Ansari HH, Wajid D, Shams ZI, Abbasi MW, Zafar U. Scrutinizes the Sustainable Role of Halophilic Microbial Strains on Oxygen-Evolving Complex, Specific Energy Fluxes, Energy Flow and Nitrogen Assimilation of Sunflower Cultivars in a Suboptimal Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:913825. [PMID: 35923873 PMCID: PMC9340225 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.913825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental extremes such as hypersaline conditions are significant threats to agricultural productivity. The sustainable use of halophilic microbial strains was evaluated in plant in a salt stress environment. Oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), energy compartmentalization, harvesting efficiencies (LHE), specific energy fluxes (SEF), and nitrogen assimilation of oilseed crops (Sunflower cultivars) in a suboptimal environment was examined. Plants were grown in a plastic pot (15 ×18 cm2) containing sterilized (autoclaved at 120°C for 1 h) soil. Twenty-five ml suspension (107 CFU/ml) each of Bacillus cereus strain KUB-15 and KUB-27 (accession number NR 074540.1) and Bacillus licheniformis strain AAB9 (accession number MW362506), were applied via drenching method. Month-old plants were subjected to salt stress via gradual increment method. The energy compartmentalization of microbial inoculated plants exposed to salt stress revealed higher photosystem II (PSII) activity at the donor side, lesser photo-inhibition, and increased performance of oxygen-evolving complex compared to control. High potassium (K+) and low sodium (Na+) ions in treated leaves with the activated barricade of the antioxidant system stimulated by Bacillus strains favored enhanced photochemical efficiency, smooth electron transport, and lesser energy dissipation in the stressed plants. Moreover, the results reveal the increased activity of nitrite reductase (NiR) and nitrate reductase (NR) by microbial inoculation that elevated the nitrogen availability in the salt-stressed plant. The current research concludes that the application of bio-inoculants that reside in the hyper-saline environment offers substantial potential to enhance salt tolerance in sunflowers by modulating their water uptake, chlorophyll, nitrogen metabolism, and better photochemical yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiza Ali
- Department of Botany, Stress Physiology Phenomics Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Xiangying Wei
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zamin Shaheed Siddiqui
- Department of Botany, Stress Physiology Phenomics Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Environmental Horticulture Department and Mid-florida Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
| | - Hafiza Hamna Ansari
- Department of Botany, Stress Physiology Phenomics Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Danish Wajid
- Department of Botany, Stress Physiology Phenomics Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal Shams
- Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Urooj Zafar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Oliveira TC, Cabral JSR, Santana LR, Tavares GG, Santos LDS, Paim TP, Müller C, Silva FG, Costa AC, Souchie EL, Mendes GC. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus clarus improves physiological tolerance to drought stress in soybean plants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9044. [PMID: 35641544 PMCID: PMC9156723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an economically important crop, and is cultivated worldwide, although increasingly long periods of drought have reduced the productivity of this plant. Research has shown that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provides a potential alternative strategy for the mitigation of drought stress. In the present study, we measured the physiological and morphological performance of two soybean cultivars in symbiosis with Rhizophagus clarus that were subjected to drought stress (DS). The soybean cultivars Anta82 and Desafio were grown in pots inoculated with R. clarus. Drought stress was imposed at the V3 development stage and maintained for 7 days. A control group, with well-irrigated plants and no AMF, was established simultaneously in the greenhouse. The mycorrhizal colonization rate, and the physiological, morphological, and nutritional traits of the plants were recorded at days 3 and 7 after drought stress conditions were implemented. The Anta82 cultivar presented the highest percentage of AMF colonization, and N and K in the leaves, whereas the DS group of the Desafio cultivar had the highest water potential and water use efficiency, and the DS + AMF group had thermal dissipation that permitted higher values of Fv/Fm, A, and plant height. The results of the principal components analysis demonstrated that both cultivars inoculated with AMF performed similarly under DS to the well-watered plants. These findings indicate that AMF permitted the plant to reduce the impairment of growth and physiological traits caused by drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales Caetano Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue and Culture, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silva Rodrigues Cabral
- Faculty of Agronomy, Universidade de Rio Verde, Fazenda Fontes do Saber-Campus Universitário, P.O Box 104, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Leticia Rezende Santana
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue and Culture, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Germanna Gouveia Tavares
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue and Culture, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Luan Dionísio Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue and Culture, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Tiago Prado Paim
- Laboratory of Education in Agriculture Production, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Caroline Müller
- Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity Laboratory, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue and Culture, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Alan Carlos Costa
- Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity Laboratory, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Edson Luiz Souchie
- Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Giselle Camargo Mendes
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina-Campus Lages, Lages, SC, 88506-400, Brazil.
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16
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Akhtar N, Ilyas N, Meraj TA, Pour-Aboughadareh A, Sayyed RZ, Mashwani ZUR, Poczai P. Improvement of Plant Responses by Nanobiofertilizer: A Step towards Sustainable Agriculture. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:965. [PMID: 35335778 PMCID: PMC8949119 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drastic changes in the climate and ecosystem due to natural or anthropogenic activities have severely affected crop production globally. This concern has raised the need to develop environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategies, particularly for keeping pace with the demands of the growing population. The use of nanobiofertilizers in agriculture opens a new chapter in the sustainable production of crops. The application of nanoparticles improves the growth and stress tolerance in plants. Inoculation of biofertilizers is another strategy explored in agriculture. The combination of nanoparticles and biofertilizers produces nanobiofertilizers, which are cost-effective and more potent and eco-friendly than nanoparticles or biofertilizers alone. Nanobiofertilizers consist of biofertilizers encapsulated in nanoparticles. Biofertilizers are the preparations of plant-based carriers having beneficial microbial cells, while nanoparticles are microscopic (1-100 nm) particles that possess numerous advantages. Silicon, zinc, copper, iron, and silver are the commonly used nanoparticles for the formulation of nanobiofertilizer. The green synthesis of these nanoparticles enhances their performance and characteristics. The use of nanobiofertilizers is more effective than other traditional strategies. They also perform their role better than the common salts previously used in agriculture to enhance the production of crops. Nanobiofertilizer gives better and more long-lasting results as compared to traditional chemical fertilizers. It improves the structure and function of soil and the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and yield attributes of plants. The formation and application of nanobiofertilizer is a practical step toward smart fertilizer that enhances growth and augments the yield of crops. The literature on the formulation and application of nanobiofertilizer at the field level is scarce. This product requires attention, as it can reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and make the soil and crops healthy. This review highlights the formulation and application of nanobiofertilizer on various plant species and explains how nanobiofertilizer improves the growth and development of plants. It covers the role and status of nanobiofertilizer in agriculture. The limitations of and future strategies for formulating effective nanobiofertilizer are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.-u.-R.M.)
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.-u.-R.M.)
| | | | - Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh
- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj P.O. Box 3183964653, Iran;
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent Region, Tashkent 111208, Uzbekistan;
| | - Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.-u.-R.M.)
| | - Peter Poczai
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Gamalero E, Glick BR. Recent Advances in Bacterial Amelioration of Plant Drought and Salt Stress. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030437. [PMID: 35336811 PMCID: PMC8945159 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Salt and drought stress cause enormous crop losses worldwide. Several different approaches may be taken to address this problem, including increased use of irrigation, use of both traditional breeding and genetic engineering to develop salt-tolerant and drought-resistant crop plants, and the directed use of naturally occurring plant growth-promoting bacteria. Here, the mechanisms used by these plant growth-promoting bacteria are summarized and discussed. Moreover, recently reported studies of the effects that these organisms have on the growth of plants in the laboratory, the greenhouse, and the field under high salt and/or drought conditions is discussed in some detail. It is hoped that by understanding the mechanisms that these naturally occurring plant growth-promoting bacteria utilize to overcome damaging environmental stresses, it may be possible to employ these organisms to increase future agricultural productivity. Abstract The recent literature indicates that plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) employ a range of mechanisms to augment a plant’s ability to ameliorate salt and drought stress. These mechanisms include synthesis of auxins, especially indoleacetic acid, which directly promotes plant growth; synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, which prevents the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species; synthesis of small molecule osmolytes, e.g., trehalose and proline, which structures the water content within plant and bacterial cells and reduces plant turgor pressure; nitrogen fixation, which directly improves plant growth; synthesis of exopolysaccharides, which protects plant cells from water loss and stabilizes soil aggregates; synthesis of antibiotics, which protects stress-debilitated plants from soil pathogens; and synthesis of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, which lowers the level of ACC and ethylene in plants, thereby decreasing stress-induced plant senescence. Many of the reports of overcoming these plant stresses indicate that the most successful PGPB possess several of these mechanisms; however, the involvement of any particular mechanism in plant protection is nearly always inferred and not proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
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18
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Fadiji AE, Babalola OO, Santoyo G, Perazzolli M. The Potential Role of Microbial Biostimulants in the Amelioration of Climate Change-Associated Abiotic Stresses on Crops. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:829099. [PMID: 35095828 PMCID: PMC8795815 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.829099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop plants are more often exposed to abiotic stresses in the current age of fast-evolving climate change. This includes exposure to extreme and unpredictable changes in climatic conditions, phytosanitary hazards, and cultivation conditions, which results in drastic losses in worldwide agricultural productions. Plants coexist with microbial symbionts, some of which play key roles in the ecosystem and plant processes. The application of microbial biostimulants, which take advantage of symbiotic relationships, is a long-term strategy for improving plant productivity and performance, even in the face of climate change-associated stresses. Beneficial filamentous fungi, yeasts, and bacteria are examples of microbial biostimulants, which can boost the growth, yield, nutrition and stress tolerance in plants. This paper highlights recent information about the role of microbial biostimulants and their potential application in mitigating the abiotic stresses occurring on crop plants due to climate change. A critical evaluation for their efficient use under diverse climatic conditions is also made. Currently, accessible products generally improve cultural conditions, but their action mechanisms are mostly unknown, and their benefits are frequently inconsistent. Thus, further studies that could lead to the more precisely targeted products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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Omomowo OI, Babalola OO. Constraints and Prospects of Improving Cowpea Productivity to Ensure Food, Nutritional Security and Environmental Sustainability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:751731. [PMID: 34745184 PMCID: PMC8570086 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.751731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Providing safe and secure food for an increasing number of people globally is challenging. Coping with such a human population by merely applying the conventional agricultural production system has not proved to be agro-ecologically friendly; nor is it sustainable. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) is a multi-purpose legume. It consists of high-quality protein for human consumption, and it is rich in protein for livestock fodder. It enriches the soil in that it recycles nutrients through the fixation of nitrogen in association with nodulating bacteria. However, the productivity of this multi-functional, indigenous legume that is of great value to African smallholder farmers and the rural populace, and also to urban consumers and entrepreneurs, is limited. Because cowpea is of strategic importance in Africa, there is a need to improve on its productivity. Such endeavors in Africa are wrought with challenges that include drought, salinity, the excessive demand among farmers for synthetic chemicals, the repercussions of climate change, declining soil nutrients, microbial infestations, pest issues, and so forth. Nevertheless, giant strides have already been made and there have already been improvements in adopting sustainable and smart biotechnological approaches that are favorably influencing the production costs of cowpea and its availability. As such, the prospects for a leap in cowpea productivity in Africa and in the enhancement of its genetic gain are good. Potential and viable means for overcoming some of the above-mentioned production constraints would be to focus on the key cowpea producer nations in Africa and to encourage them to embrace biotechnological techniques in an integrated approach to enhance for sustainable productivity. This review highlights the spectrum of constraints that limit the cowpea yield, but looks ahead of the constraints and seeks a way forward to improve cowpea productivity in Africa. More importantly, this review investigates applications and insights concerning mechanisms of action for implementing eco-friendly biotechnological techniques, such as the deployment of bio inoculants, applying climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices, agricultural conservation techniques, and multi-omics smart technology in the spheres of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, for improving cowpea yields and productivity to achieve sustainable agro-ecosystems, and ensuring their stability.
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Shi C, Yang F, Liu Z, Li Y, Di X, Wang J, Lin J. Uniform Water Potential Induced by Salt, Alkali, and Drought Stresses Has Different Impacts on the Seedling of Hordeum jubatum: From Growth, Photosynthesis, and Chlorophyll Fluorescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:733236. [PMID: 34659299 PMCID: PMC8514703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.733236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hordeum jubatum is a halophyte ornamental plant wildly distributed in the Northeast of China, where the low water potential induced by various abiotic stresses is a major factor limiting plant growth and development. However, little is known about the comparative effects of salt, alkali, and drought stresses at uniform water potential on the plants. In the present study, the growth, gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll fluorescence in the seedlings of H. jubatum under three low water potentials were measured. The results showed that the growth and photosynthetic parameters under these stresses were all decreased except for carotenoid (Car) with the increasing of stress concentration, and alkali stress caused the most damaging effects on the seedlings. The decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci) values under salt stress were mainly attributed to stomatal factors, while non-stomatal factors were dominate under drought and alkali stresses. The reduced chlorophyll and slightly increased Car contents occurred under these stresses, and most significant changed under alkali stress. In addition, the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) under the stresses were all decreased, indicating that salt, alkali, and drought stresses all increased susceptibility of PSII to photoinhibition, reduced the photosynthetic activity by the declined absorption of light for photochemistry, and increased PSII active reaction centers. Moreover, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) of alkali stress was different from salt and drought stresses, showing that the high pH of alkali stress caused more damaging effects on the photoprotection mechanism depending on the xanthophyll cycle. The above results suggest that the H. jubatum has stronger tolerance of salt than drought and alkali stresses, and the negative effects of alkali stress on the growth and photosynthetic performance of this species was most serious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yueming Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaolin Di
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinghong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jixiang Lin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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