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El Feky AR, Ismaiel M, Yılmaz M, Madkour FM, El Nemr A, Ibrahim HAH. Biodegradable plastic formulated from chitosan of Aristeus antennatus shells with castor oil as a plasticizer agent and starch as a filling substrate. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11161. [PMID: 38750054 PMCID: PMC11096362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics are those subjected easily to a degradation process, in which they can be decomposed after disposal in the environment through microbial activity. 30 bioplastic film formulations based only on chitosan film were used in the current investigation as a positive control together with chitosan film recovered from chitin-waste of locally obtained Aristeus antennatus. Additionally, castor oil was used as a plasticizer. While the yield of chitosan was 18% with 7.65% moisture content and 32.27% ash in the shells, the isolated chitin had a degree of deacetylation (DD) of 86%. The synthesized bioplastic films were characterized via numerous criteria. Firstly, the swelling capacity of these biofilms recorded relatively high percentages compared to polypropylene as synthetic plastic. Noticeably, the FTIR profiles, besides DSC, TGA, and XRD, confirmed the acceptable characteristics of these biofilms. In addition, their SEM illustrated the homogeneity and continuity with a few straps of the chitosan film and showed the homogeneous mixes of chitosan and castor oil with 5 and 20%. Moreover, data detected the antibacterial activity of different bioplastic formulas against some common bacterial pathogens (Enterococcus feacalis, Kelbsiella pnumina, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Amazingly, our bioplastic films have conducted potent antimicrobial activities. So, they may be promising in such a direction. Further, the biodegradability efficacy of bioplastic films formed was proved in numerous environments for several weeks of incubation. However, all bioplastic films decreased in their weights and changed in their colors, while polypropylene, was very constant all the time. The current findings suggest that our biofilms may be promising for many applications, especially in the field of food package protecting the food, and preventing microbial contamination, consequently, it may help in extending the shelf life of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaat R El Feky
- Oceanographic Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Fuad, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ismaiel
- Oceanographic Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Fuad, Egypt
| | - Murat Yılmaz
- Bahçe Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, 80000, Turkey
| | - Fedekar M Madkour
- Oceanographic Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Fuad, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hassan A H Ibrahim
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
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Elmaghraby NA, Omer AM, Kenawy ER, Gaber M, Hassaan MA, Ragab S, Hossain I, El Nemr A. Electrospun cellulose acetate/activated carbon composite modified by EDTA (rC/AC-EDTA) for efficient methylene blue dye removal. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9919. [PMID: 37336947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study fabricated regenerated cellulose nanofiber incorporated with activated carbon and functionalized rC/AC3.7 with EDTA reagent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal. The rC/AC3.7 was fabricated by electrospinning cellulose acetate (CA) with activated carbon (AC) solution followed by deacetylation. FT-IR spectroscopy was applied to prove the chemical structures. In contrast, BET, SEM, TGA and DSC analyses were applied to study the fiber diameter and structure morphology, the thermal properties and the surface properties of rC/AC3.7-EDTA. The CA was successfully deacetylated to give regenerated cellulose nanofiber/activated carbon, and then ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dianhydride was used to functionalize the fabricated nanofiber composite. The rC/AC3.7-EDTA, rC/AC5.5-EDTA and rC/AC6.7-EDTA were tested for adsorption of MB dye with maximum removal percentages reaching 97.48, 90.44 and 94.17%, respectively. The best circumstances for batch absorption experiments of MB dye on rC/AC3.7-EDTA were pH 7, an adsorbent dose of 2 g/L, and a starting MB dye concentration of 20 mg/L for 180 min of contact time, with a maximum removal percentage of 99.14%. The best-fit isotherm models are Temkin and Hasely. The outcome of isotherm models illustrates the applicability of the Langmuir isotherm model (LIM). The maximal monolayer capacity Qm determined from the linear LIM is 60.61 for 0.5 g/L of rC/AC3.7-EDTA. However, based on the results from error function studies, the generalized isotherm model has the lowest accuracy. The data obtained by the kinetic models' studies exposed that the absorption system follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSOM) throughout the absorption period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad A Elmaghraby
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Omer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P.O. Box 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - El-Refaie Kenawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gaber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hassaan
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ismail Hossain
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, 620000
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Elmaghraby NA, Omer AM, Kenawy ER, Gaber M, Ragab S, Nemr AE. Composite nanofiber formation using a mixture of cellulose acetate and activated carbon for oil spill treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:38683-38699. [PMID: 36585580 PMCID: PMC10039825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oil and organic pollutants are significant disasters affecting the aquatic ecosystem and human health. A novel nanofiber composite from cellulose acetate/activated carbon (CA/AC) was successfully fabricated by the electrospinning technique. CA/AC nanofiber composites were prepared from 10% (w/v) polymer solutions dissolving in DMA/acetone ratio 1:3 (v/v) with adding three different percentages of AC (3.7, 5.5, and 6.7%) to the total weight of CA. The prepared CA/AC nanofiber composite morphology reveals randomly oriented bead-free fibers with submicron fiber diameter. CA/AC nanofiber composites were further characterized by TGA, DSC, and surface area analysis. Water uptake was investigated for fabricated fibers at different pH. Oil adsorption was conducted in both static (oil only) and dynamic (oil/water) systems to estimate the adsorption capacity of prepared composites to treat heavy and light machine oils. The results showed increased oil adsorption capacity incorporating activated carbon into CA nanofiber mats. The maximum sorption capacity reached 8.3 and 5.5 g/g for heavy and light machine oils obtained by CA/AC5.5 (AC, 5.5%). A higher oil uptake was reported for the CA/AC composite nanofibers and showed a constant sorption capacity after the second recycles in the reusability test. Of isotherm models, the most applicable model was the Freundlich isotherm model. The result of kinetic models proved the fit of the pseudo-second-order kinetic model to the adsorption system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad A. Elmaghraby
- Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Omer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - El-Refaie Kenawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gaber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tanta, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria Egypt
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Ragab S, Eleryan A, El Nemr A. Ferric perchlorate hydrate as a new catalyst for highly efficient esterification of cellulose at room temperature. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5643. [PMID: 35379918 PMCID: PMC8980091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferric perchlorate was tested for the first time as a new catalyst to accelerate the esterification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) at room temperature in a less amount of acetic anhydride compared to the amount used in the conventional methods. It was possible to manufacture cellulose acetate (CA) with a high yield of up to 94%. The influence of changes in reaction time, catalyst amounts, and acetic anhydride on the characterization of cellulose acetate produced was investigated. The optimum condition for esterification of 2.0 g (12.34 mmol) MCC was found to be: 10 mL (105.98 mmol) AC2O, 200 mg (0.564 mmol, anhydrous basis) of Fe(ClO4)3·xH2O and 1 h reaction time at room temperature. The substitution degree of CA was investigated by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Thermal stability of CA was studied using TGA, DTA and DSC analyses. The degree of polymerization and the polydispersity index (PDI) were obtained using Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). This study verified the direct and efficient synthesis of di- and tri-cellulose acetate in one-pot reaction using Fe(ClO4)3·xH2O as a catalyst without using solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Ragab
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Eleryan
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Kayet Bey, El-Anfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
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Jadhav PS, Joshi GM, Humbe SS, Dubey RS, Kaleemulla S. Study of preparation and properties of Polyvinyl chloride /Nitrocellulose polymer blends. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha S. Jadhav
- Department of Engineering Physics and Engg. Materials Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Marathwada Campus Jalna‐431203 Maharashtra India
| | - Girish M. Joshi
- Department of Engineering Physics and Engg. Materials Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Marathwada Campus Jalna‐431203 Maharashtra India
| | - Shankar S. Humbe
- Department of Engineering Physics and Engg. Materials Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Marathwada Campus Jalna‐431203 Maharashtra India
| | - R. S. Dubey
- Centre for Functional Materials, VIT Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - S. Kaleemulla
- Advanced Research Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Devices, Department of Nanotechnology Swarnandhra College of Engineering and Technology, Seetharampuram, Narsapur‐534280 (A.P.) India
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El Nemr A, Hassaan MA, Elkatory MR, Ragab S, Pantaleo A. Efficiency of Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles with Different Pretreatments for Enhancing Biogas Yield of Macroalgae Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus. Molecules 2021; 26:5105. [PMID: 34443690 PMCID: PMC8399479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, different pretreatment methods for algae proved to be very effective in improving cell wall dissociation for biogas production. In this study, the Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus (U. intestinalis) has been exposed to individual pretreatments of (ultrasonic, ozone, microwave, and green synthesized Fe3O4) and in a combination of the first three mentioned pretreatments methods with magnetite (Fe3O4) NPs, (ultrasonic-Fe3O4, ozone-Fe3O4 and microwave-Fe3O4) in different treatment times. Moreover, the green synthesized Fe3O4 NPs has been confirmed by FTIR, TEM, XRD, SEM, EDEX, PSA and BET. The maximum biogas production of 179 and 206 mL/g VS have been attained when U. intestinalis has been treated with ultrasonic only and when combined microwave with Fe3O4 respectively, where sediment were used as inoculum in all pretreatments. From the obtained results, green Fe3O4 NPs enhanced the microwave (MW) treatment to produce a higher biogas yield (206 mL/g VS) when compared with individual MW (84 mL/g VS). The modified Gompertz model (R2 = 0.996 was appropriate model to match the calculated biogas production and could be used more practically to distinguish the kinetics of the anaerobic digestion (AD) period. The assessment of XRD, SEM and FTIR discovered the influence of different treatment techniques on the cell wall structure of U. intestinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Nemr
- Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt; (A.E.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Mohamed A. Hassaan
- Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt; (A.E.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Marwa R. Elkatory
- Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt; (A.E.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Antonio Pantaleo
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bari University, 70121 Bari, Italy;
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