1
|
Long Q, Feng Y, Chen F, Wang W, Ma M, Mao S. Association between serum zinc level and lipid profiles in children with spinal muscular atrophy. Front Nutr 2022; 9:960006. [PMID: 36046135 PMCID: PMC9420972 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.960006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) have a high rate of dyslipidaemia, which is a risk factor of vital importance for cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Studies have demonstrated that the serum zinc level is associated with lipid profiles in the general population as well as in individuals diagnosed with obesity or diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum zinc level and lipid profiles in children with SMA. Methods This cross-sectional study was launched in a tertiary children's medical center in China and involved pediatric patients with SMA under the management of a multidisciplinary team of outpatient services from July 2019 to July 2021. Anthropometric information, general clinical data, serum zinc level, lipid profiles, and body composition data were collected. Multivariate analysis was used for a thorough inquiry on the association between the serum zinc level and lipid profiles. Results Among the 112 patients with SMA [median (IQR) age 5.54 years (2.75–8.29), 58.04% female], who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study, dyslipidaemia was detected in 60 patients (53.57%). Based on multivariable linear regression, serum zinc level was positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; β = 1.63, 95% CI = 0.44–3.22) and apolipoprotein A1 (APO A1; β = 2.94, 95% CI = 0.03–5.85) levels, independently of age, sex, type, activity, percentage of body fat, and body mass index. As the serum zinc level increased by 10 μmol/L, the risk of low APO A1 levels decreased by 35% (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.44–0.97) according to multivariable logistic regression analyses. Conclusion Serum zinc concentration was positively correlated with HDL-C and APO A1 levels among children with SMA. We suggest measures to correct the lower level of serum zinc to improve HDL-C and APO A1 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Long
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijie Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Accumulation and Enrichment of Trace Elements by Yeast Cells and Their Applications: A Critical Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091746. [PMID: 36144348 PMCID: PMC9504137 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the homeostasis balance of trace elements is crucial for the health of organisms. Human health is threatened by diseases caused by a lack of trace elements. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a wide and close relationship with human daily life and industrial applications. It can not only be used as fermentation products and single-cell proteins, but also as a trace elements supplement that is widely used in food, feed, and medicine. Trace-element-enriched yeast, viz., chromium-, iron-, zinc-, and selenium-enriched yeast, as an impactful microelements supplement, is more efficient, more environmentally friendly, and safer than its inorganic and organic counterparts. Over the last few decades, genetic engineering has been developing large-scaled genetic re-design and reconstruction in yeast. It is hoped that engineered yeast will include a higher concentration of trace elements. In this review, we compare the common supplement forms of several key trace elements. The mechanisms of detoxification and transport of trace elements in yeast are also reviewed thoroughly. Moreover, genes involved in the transport and detoxification of trace elements are summarized. A feasible way of metabolic engineering transformation of S. cerevisiae to produce trace-element-enriched yeast is examined. In addition, the economy, safety, and environmental protection of the engineered yeast are explored, and the future research direction of yeast enriched in trace elements is discussed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Suh JH, Zyba SJ, Shigenaga M, McDonald CM, King JC. Marginal Zinc Deficiency Alters Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism in Healthy Men. J Nutr 2022; 152:671-679. [PMID: 34919682 PMCID: PMC9076996 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice biofortification with Zinc (Zn) can improve the Zn status of rice-consuming populations. However, the metabolic impact in humans consuming Zn-biofortified rice is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of Zn-biofortified rice on lipid metabolism in normolipidemic men. METHODS The men consumed a rice-based diet containing 6 mg Zn/d and 1.5 g phytate (phytate/Zn ratio = 44) for 2 wk followed by a 10-mg Zn/d diet without phytate for 4 wk. An ad libitum diet supplemented with 25 mg Zn/d was then fed for 3 wk. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and at the end of each metabolic period for measuring plasma zinc, glucose, insulin, triglyceride (TG), LDL and HDL cholesterol, fatty acids, oxylipins, and fatty acid desaturase activities. Statistical differences were assessed by linear mixed model. RESULTS Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 1 activity decreased by 29.1% (P = 0.007) when the 6-mg Zn/d diet was consumed for 2 wk. This change was associated with significant decreases in HDL and LDL cholesterol. The alterations in FADS1, HDL cholesterol, and TG remained unchanged when Zn intakes were increased to 10 mg/d for 4 wk. Supplementation with 25 mg Zn/d for 3 wk normalized these metabolic changes and significantly increased LDL cholesterol at the end of this metabolic period compared with baseline. FADS1 activity was inversely correlated with FADS2 (rmcorr = -0.52; P = 0.001) and TG (rmcorr = -0.55; P = 0.001) at all time points. CONCLUSIONS A low-zinc, high-phytate rice-based diet reduced plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations and altered fatty acid profiles in healthy men within 2 wk. Consuming 10 mg Zn/d without phytate for 4 wk did not improve the lipid profiles, but a 25-mg Zn/d supplement corrects these alterations in lipid metabolism within 3 wk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung H Suh
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J Zyba
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
- Institute for Global Nutrition Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark Shigenaga
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Janet C King
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma X, Jiang S, Yan S, Li M, Wang C, Pan Y, Sun C, Jin L, Yao Y, Li B. Association Between Copper, Zinc, Iron, and Selenium Intakes and TC/HDL-C Ratio in US Adults. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:43-51. [PMID: 31745720 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The trace minerals zinc, copper, iron, and selenium are essential micronutrients, and because of their antioxidant activity, they are hypothesized to improve cardiovascular health. However, their associations with different risk levels for cardiovascular diseases are less clear. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2014 were used. In this study, the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) was used as a risk marker for cardiovascular disease, and a ratio ≥ 5 was considered to indicate high risk. A total of 7597 adults (3673 men and 3924 women) were included, and 15.9% of the participants had a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Using quantile regression analysis, we found the negative correlation between zinc, copper, iron, and selenium intakes and TC/HDL-C. The effects of copper and zinc were enhanced with increasing quantiles of risk levels. In addition, the difference in the associations of the trace minerals was sex-dependent. The correlation between iron and cardiovascular risk in males was stronger than those in females, while that of copper was weaker than that in females. Moreover, a significant nonlinear relationship between selenium and the TC/HDL-C ratio was only found in females, and this relationship was U-shaped. Our findings suggest that among healthy adults in the US, zinc, copper, iron, and selenium intakes are inversely associated with cardiovascular disease risk, and the effect is enhanced with increasing quantiles of risk levels, with magnitudes differing by sex. Therefore, trace minerals may have the ability to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shoumeng Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Changcong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yingan Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Identification of the Genetic Requirements for Zinc Tolerance and Toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:479-488. [PMID: 31836620 PMCID: PMC7003084 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is essential for almost all living organisms, since it serves as a crucial cofactor for transcription factors and enzymes. However, it is toxic to cell growth when present in excess. The present work aims to investigate the toxicity mechanisms induced by zinc stress in yeast cells. To this end, 108 yeast single-gene deletion mutants were identified sensitive to 6 mM ZnCl2 through a genome-wide screen. These genes were predominantly related to the biological processes of vacuolar acidification and transport, polyphosphate metabolic process, cytosolic transport, the process utilizing autophagic mechanism. A result from the measurement of intracellular zinc content showed that 64 mutants accumulated higher intracellular zinc under zinc stress than the wild-type cells. We further measured the intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels of 108 zinc-sensitive mutants treated with 3 mM ZnCl2. We showed that the intracellular ROS levels in 51 mutants were increased by high zinc stress, suggesting their possible involvement in regulating ROS homeostasis in response to high zinc. The results also revealed that excess zinc could generate oxidative damage and then activate the expression of several antioxidant defenses genes. Taken together, the data obtained indicated that excess zinc toxicity might be mainly due to the high intracellular zinc levels and ROS levels induced by zinc stress in yeast cells. Our current findings would provide a basis to understand the molecular mechanisms of zinc toxicity in yeast cells.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tatip S, Taggart J, Wang Y, MacDiarmid CW, Eide DJ. Changes in transcription start sites of Zap1-regulated genes during zinc deficiency: Implications for HNT1 gene regulation. Mol Microbiol 2019; 113:285-296. [PMID: 31692084 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Changes in RNA are often poor predictors of protein accumulation. One factor disrupting this relationship are changes in transcription start sites (TSSs). Therefore, we explored how alterations in TSS affected expression of genes regulated by the Zap1 transcriptional activator of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Zap1 controls their response to zinc deficiency. Among over 80 known Zap1-regulated genes, several produced long leader transcripts (LLTs) in one zinc status condition and short leader transcripts (SLTs) in the other. Fusing LLT and SLT transcript leaders to green fluorescent protein indicated that for five genes, the start site shift likely has little effect on protein synthesis. For four genes, however, the different transcript leaders greatly affected translation. We focused on the HNT1 gene. Zap1 caused a shift from SLT HNT1 RNA in zinc-replete cells to LLT HNT1 RNA in deficient cells. This shift correlated with decreased protein production despite increased RNA. The LLT RNA contains multiple upstream open reading frames that can inhibit translation. Expression of the LLT HNT1 RNA was dependent on Zap1. However, expression of the long transcript was not required to decrease SLT HNT1 mRNA. Our results suggest that the Zap1-activated LLT RNA is a "fail-safe" mechanism to ensure decreased Hnt1 protein in zinc deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supinda Tatip
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Janet Taggart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Colin W MacDiarmid
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Eide
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The transcription factor FgCrz1A is essential for fungal development, virulence, deoxynivalenol biosynthesis and stress responses in Fusarium graminearum. Curr Genet 2018; 65:153-166. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|