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Trull BN, Sultana MS, Pfotenhauer AC, Stockdale JN, Pantalone V, Zhang B, Stewart CN. Robust soybean leaf agroinfiltration. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:162. [PMID: 38837057 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A robust agroinfiltration-mediated transient gene expression method for soybean leaves was developed. Plant genotype, developmental stage and leaf age, surfactant, and Agrobacterium culture conditions are important for successful agroinfiltration. Agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana has emerged as a workhorse transient assay for plant biotechnology and synthetic biology to test the performance of gene constructs in dicot leaves. While effective, it is nonetheless often desirable to assay transgene constructs directly in crop species. To that end, we innovated a substantially robust agroinfiltration method for Glycine max (soybean), the most widely grown dicot crop plant in the world. Several factors were found to be relevant to successful soybean leaf agroinfiltration, including genotype, surfactant, developmental stage, and Agrobacterium strain and culture medium. Our optimized protocol involved a multi-step Agrobacterium culturing process with appropriate expression vectors, Silwet L-77 as the surfactant, selection of fully expanded leaves in the VC or V1 stage of growth, and 5 min of vacuum at - 85 kPa followed by a dark incubation period before plants were returned to normal growth conditions. Using this method, young soybean leaves of two lines-V17-0799DT, and TN16-5004-were high expressors for GUS, two co-expressed fluorescent protein genes, and the RUBY reporter product, betalain. This work not only represents a new research tool for soybean biotechnology, but also indicates critical parameters for guiding agroinfiltration optimization for other crop species. We speculate that leaf developmental stage might be the most critical factor for successful agroinfiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce N Trull
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica N Stockdale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Vincent Pantalone
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Plant and Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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2
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Balasubramanian M, Girija S. Overexpression of AtMYB12 transcription factor simultaneously enhances quercetin-dependent metabolites in radish callus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27053. [PMID: 38660267 PMCID: PMC11039974 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to enhance quercetin production in radish by optimizing Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated in-planta transformation. This protocol involved infecting radish seed embryo axis with A. tumefaciens EHA105 strain carrying the 35S::AtMYB12. Radish seeds were infected with the Agrobacterium suspension (0.8 OD600) for 30 min, followed by sonication for 60 s and vacuum infiltration for 90 s at 100 mm Hg. A 3-day co-cultivation in Murashige and Skoog medium with 150 μM acetosyringone yielded a transformation efficiency of 59.6% and a transgenic callus induction rate of 32.3%. Transgenic plant and callus lines were confirmed by GUS histochemical assay, PCR, and qRT-PCR. The transgenic lines showed an increased expression of flavonoid pathway genes (AtMYB12, CHS, F3H, and FLS) and antioxidant genes (GPX, APX, CAT, and SOD) compared to WT plants. Overexpression of AtMYB12 in transgenic callus increased enzyme activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. In half-strength MS medium with 116.8 mM sucrose, the highest growth index (7.63) was achieved after 20 days. In AtMYB12 overexpressed callus lines, phenolic content (357.31 mg g-1 dry weight), flavonoid content (463 mg g-1 dry weight), and quercetin content (48.24 mg g-1 dry weight) increased significantly by 9.41-fold. Micro-wounding, sonication, and vacuum infiltration improved in-planta transformation in radishes. These high-quercetin-content transgenic callus lines hold promise as valuable sources of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusamy Balasubramanian
- Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Shanmugam Girija
- Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Wu J, Zhang J, Hao X, Lv K, Xie Y, Xu W. Establishment of an efficient callus transient transformation system for Vitis vinifera cv. 'Chardonnay'. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:351-366. [PMID: 37906315 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Grape (Vitis L.), a highly valued fruit crop, poses significant challenges in genetic transformation and functional characterization of genes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of a rapid and effective method for grape transformation and gene function identification. Here, we introduce a streamlined Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation system for grape calli. Optimal conditions were established with a leaf-derived callus induction medium; chiefly B5 medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/L NAA, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, and 2.0 mg/L KT; and a callus proliferation medium (B5 medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L 6-BA), respectively. Notably, GUS enzyme activity peaked (352.96 ± 33.95 mol 4-MU/mg/min) by sonication with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 and 100 μM AS for 4 min, followed by vacuum infection for 5 min, and co-culture at 25 °C in the dark for 1 day using callus as explants at an optical density (OD600) of 0.8. VaCIPK18 gene was transiently transformed into calli, and transcripts of the gene (endogenous and exogenous) were detected at higher levels than in non-transformed calli (endogenous). Moreover, after 10 days of treatment at 4 °C or -4 °C, the callus net weight of transformed callus was significantly higher than that of the untransformed callus, indicating that the VaCIPK18-overexpressing grape callus could improve cold tolerance. Overall, we establish a simple but effective transient transformation approach for grape callus, which could serve as a useful tool for the rapid assessment of gene function in this important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Wu
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xinyi Hao
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Kai Lv
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Yaping Xie
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Weirong Xu
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
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Mohammad T, Ghogare R, Morton LB, Dhingra A, Potlakayala S, Rudrabhatla S, Dhir SK. Evaluation of Parameters Affecting Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Gene Expression in Industrial Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:664. [PMID: 38475511 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Industrial hemp Cannabis sativa L. is an economically important crop mostly grown for its fiber, oil, and seeds. Due to its increasing applications in the pharmaceutical industry and a lack of knowledge of gene functions in cannabinoid biosynthesis pathways, developing an efficient transformation platform for the genetic engineering of industrial hemp has become necessary to enable functional genomic and industrial application studies. A critical step in the development of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation in the hemp genus is the establishment of optimal conditions for T-DNA gene delivery into different explants from which whole plantlets can be regenerated. As a first step in the development of a successful Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for hemp gene editing, the factors influencing the successful T-DNA integration and expression (as measured by transient β-glucuronidase (GUS) and Green Florescent Protein (GFP) expression) were investigated. In this study, the parameters for an agroinfiltration system in hemp, which applies to the stable transformation method, were optimized. In the present study, we tested different explants, such as 1- to 3-week-old leaves, cotyledons, hypocotyls, root segments, nodal parts, and 2- to 3-week-old leaf-derived calli. We observed that the 3-week-old leaves were the best explant for transient gene expression. Fully expanded 2- to 3-week-old leaf explants, in combination with 30 min of immersion time, 60 µM silver nitrate, 0.5 µM calcium chloride, 150 µM natural phenolic compound acetosyringone, and a bacterial density of OD600nm = 0.4 resulted in the highest GUS and GFP expression. The improved method of genetic transformation established in the present study will be useful for the introduction of foreign genes of interest, using the latest technologies such as genome editing, and studying gene functions that regulate secondary metabolites in hemp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Mohammad
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Fort Valley State University, 113, Alva Tabor Building, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
| | - Rishikesh Ghogare
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lauren B Morton
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Fort Valley State University, 113, Alva Tabor Building, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shobha Potlakayala
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
| | - Sairam Rudrabhatla
- The Central Pennsylvania Research and Teaching Laboratory for Biofuels, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
| | - Sarwan K Dhir
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Fort Valley State University, 113, Alva Tabor Building, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
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Nivya VM, Shah JM. Recalcitrance to transformation, a hindrance for genome editing of legumes. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1247815. [PMID: 37810593 PMCID: PMC10551638 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1247815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant genome editing, a recently discovered method for targeted mutagenesis, has emerged as a promising tool for crop improvement and gene function research. Many genome-edited plants, such as rice, wheat, and tomato, have emerged over the last decade. As the preliminary steps in the procedure for genome editing involve genetic transformation, amenability to genome editing depends on the efficiency of genetic engineering. Hence, there are numerous reports on the aforementioned crops because they are transformed with relative ease. Legume crops are rich in protein and, thus, are a favored source of plant proteins for the human diet in most countries. However, legume cultivation often succumbs to various biotic/abiotic threats, thereby leading to high yield loss. Furthermore, certain legumes like peanuts possess allergens, and these need to be eliminated as these deprive many people from gaining the benefits of such crops. Further genetic variations are limited in certain legumes. Genome editing has the potential to offer solutions to not only combat biotic/abiotic stress but also generate desirable knock-outs and genetic variants. However, excluding soybean, alfalfa, and Lotus japonicus, reports obtained on genome editing of other legume crops are less. This is because, excluding the aforementioned three legume crops, the transformation efficiency of most legumes is found to be very low. Obtaining a higher number of genome-edited events is desirable as it offers the option to genotypically/phenotypically select the best candidate, without the baggage of off-target mutations. Eliminating the barriers to genetic engineering would directly help in increasing genome-editing rates. Thus, this review aims to compare various legumes for their transformation, editing, and regeneration efficiencies and discusses various solutions available for increasing transformation and genome-editing rates in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmine M. Shah
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
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6
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Shirazi Parsa H, Sabet MS, Moieni A, Shojaeiyan A, Dogimont C, Boualem A, Bendahmane A. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Cytosine Base Editing Using an Improved Transformation Procedure in Melon ( Cucumis melo L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11189. [PMID: 37446368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melon is a recalcitrant plant for stable genetic transformation. Various protocols have been tried to improve melon transformation efficiency; however, it remains significantly low compared to other plants such as tomato. In this study, the primary focus was on the optimization of key parameters during the inoculation and co-culture steps of the genetic transformation protocol. Our results showed that immersing the explants in the inoculation medium for 20 min significantly enhanced transformation efficiency. During the co-culture step, the use of filer paper, 10 mM 2-(N-morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid (MES), and a temperature of 24 °C significantly enhanced the melon transformation efficiency. Furthermore, the impact of different ethylene inhibitors and absorbers on the transformation efficiency of various melon varieties was explored. Our findings revealed that the use of these compounds led to a significant improvement in the transformation efficiency of the tested melon varieties. Subsequently, using our improved protocol and reporter-gene construct, diploid transgenic melons successfully generated. The efficiency of plant genetic transformation ranged from 3.73 to 4.83%. Expanding the scope of our investigation, the optimized protocol was applied to generate stable gene-edited melon lines using the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated cytosine base editor and obtained melon lines with editions (C-to-T and C-to-G) in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, CmeIF4E gene. In conclusion, the optimized melon transformation protocol, along with the utilization of the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated cytosine base editor, provides a reliable framework for functional gene engineering in melon. These advancements hold significant promise for furthering genetic research and facilitating crop improvement in this economically important plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Shirazi Parsa
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Sabet
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran
| | - Ahmad Moieni
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran
| | - Abdolali Shojaeiyan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran
| | - Catherine Dogimont
- INRAE, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Adnane Boualem
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Pei MS, Liu HN, Ampomah-Dwamena C, Wei TL, Yu YH, Jiao JB, Lv YY, Li F, Li HC, Zhu XJ, Guo DL. A simple and efficient protocol for transient transformation of sliced grape berries. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:757-766. [PMID: 36089607 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grape is an economically important crop but recalcitrant to Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and in vitro regeneration. Here, we have developed a protocol for transient transformation of grapes by investigating the effects of explant pre-culture and duration of vacuum infiltration on transformation efficiency. Using sliced grape berries of "Shine-Muscat" (Vitis labrusca × Vitis vinifera) between the end of fruit expansion phase and the mature stage as explants, we firstly compared the effect of pre-culture explants into a susceptible state (incubation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar plate in the dark at 25 ± 1 °C for 48 h) with no pre-culture and then tested different vacuum infiltration times on transformation efficiency using β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter system. Pre-culture increased the susceptibility of explants to the agrobacteria infection and increased transient transformation efficiency as assessed by histochemical GUS activity, with intense blue coloration compared with the faint staining observed in the non-susceptible explants. Using a Circulating Water Vacuum Pump system to facilitate agrobacteria entry into berry cells, we tested vacuum durations of 5, 10, and 15 min and observed that transformation efficiency increased with vacuum duration of infiltration. These results were confirmed by relative gene expression of GUS transgene as assessed by RT-qPCR and GUS activity assay. To further confirm the usefulness of our protocol, we transiently transformed grape berries with the hydrogen peroxide sensor gene VvHPCA3, and this was confirmed by gene expression analysis as well as increased sensitivity of the explants to hydrogen peroxide treatment. Overall, this study has resulted in a simple but efficient transient transformation protocol for grape berries and would be a valuable tool for the rapid testing of gene function and the study of key regulatory networks in this important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Song Pei
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Nan Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Tong-Lu Wei
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-He Yu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bing Jiao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Lv
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Yanqing District Fruit Industry Service Station, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Chao Li
- Forestry Development Centre of Xiangfu District, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jie Zhu
- Nong Fa Agricultural Science and Technology Company Limited, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Long Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Controlling of Horticultural Plants, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China.
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Hasan MN, Bhuiyan FH, Hoque H, Jewel NA, Ashrafuzzaman M, Prodhan SH. Ectopic expression of Vigna radiata's vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene (VrNHX1) in indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 35:e00740. [PMID: 35646621 PMCID: PMC9130519 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Successful Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of indica Dhan28 and BRRI Dhan29 Ectopic expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (VrNHX1) from Vigna radiata L. Wilczek in indica rice improves salinity tolerance. Under 150 mM NaCl salinity stress, transgenic lines performed significantly better than wild type.
It is essential to develop high salt-tolerant rice varieties in order to cultivate the salt-affected lands. In this study, Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHX1) gene isolated from Vigna radiata L. Wilczek was transferred in Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) developed two indica rice genotypes BRRI Dhan28 and BRRI Dhan29 using in-planta approach for improvement of salinity tolerance. Embryonic axes of matured dehusked rice seeds were injured and co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strain harboring VrNHX1 gene and finally regenerated. GUS histochemical assay and PCR amplification of GUS-a and VrNHX1 were performed to confirm the transformation. Expression confirmation was done by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Under salinity stress, transgenic lines showed higher chlorophyll, relative water content and decreased electrolyte leakage, proline content, lipid peroxidation level, and catalase enzyme activity which represent the better physiology than control plants. Moreover, under salinity stress (150 mM), transgenic lines exhibited superior growth and salt tolerant than non-transgenic plants.
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Rasheed A, Barqawi AA, Mahmood A, Nawaz M, Shah AN, Bay DH, Alahdal MA, Hassan MU, Qari SH. CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful tool for precise genome editing of legume crops: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5595-5609. [PMID: 35585381 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Legumes are an imperative source of food and proteins across the globe. They also improve soil fertility through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Genome editing (GE) is now a novel way of developing desirable traits in legume crops. Genome editing tools like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system permits a defined genome alteration to improve crop performance. This genome editing tool is reliable, cost-effective, and versatile, and it has to deepen in terms of use compared to other tools. Recently, many novel variations have drawn the attention of plant geneticists, and efforts are being made to develop trans-gene-free cultivars for ensuring biosafety measures. This review critically elaborates on the recent development in genome editing of major legumes crops. We hope this updated review will provide essential informations for the researchers working on legumes genome editing. In general, the CRISPR/Cas9 novel GE technique can be integrated with other techniques like omics approaches and next-generation tools to broaden the range of gene editing and develop any desired legumes traits. Regulatory ethics of CRISPR/Cas9 are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Rasheed
- Key Laboratory of Crops Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Aminah A Barqawi
- Department of Chemistry, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Daniyah H Bay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam A Alahdal
- Biology Department Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
| | - Sameer H Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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Xu X, Liu W, Liu X, Cao Y, Li X, Wang G, Fu C, Fu J. Genetic manipulation of bermudagrass photosynthetic biosynthesis using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13710. [PMID: 35567521 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bermudagrass is one of the most extensively used warm-season grasses. It is widely used in landscaping, stadium construction and soil remediation due to its excellent regeneration, trampling and stress tolerances. However, studies on its regulatory mechanism and variety improvement by genetic engineering are still at a standstill, owing to its genetic variability and intrinsic limits linked with some resistance to Agrobacterium infection. In this study, we established a higher efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation via screening for vital embryogenic callus and improving infection efficiency. The superior callus was light yellow, hard granular and compact, determined with a differentiation rate of more than 95%. The optimized infestation courses by gentle shaking, vacuuming and sonicating were used. The infested calluses were co-cultured for 3 days, followed by desiccation treatments for 1 day to get higher infection efficiency. Then the CdHEMA1 gene, essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis, was cloned and transferred into bermudagrass to validate the aforementioned optimization procedures integrally. Molecular-level analyses indicated that the CdHEMA1 gene had successfully integrated and was greatly increased in transgenic seedlings. Results of the photosynthetic capacity assessment showed that CdHEMA1 overexpression may considerably enhance the contents of photosynthetic pigments, OJIP curve and reaction center density (RC/CSo) to absorb (ABS/CSo, ABS/CSM) and capture (TRo/CSo) more light energy, hence improve the performance indices PIABS and PICS compared to the wild type. The successful completion of this project would provide a solid platform for further gene function study and molecular breeding of bermudagrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yingping Cao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Guangyang Wang
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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11
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Kumar S, Mukherjee SK, Sahoo L. A Method for Developing RNAi-Derived Resistance in Cowpea Against Geminiviruses. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2408:191-210. [PMID: 35325424 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1875-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In plants, RNA interference (RNAi) is triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Accordingly, various RNA silencing technologies involving hpRNA, artificial microRNA (miRNA), and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) are used for controlling the expression of genes. Such manipulations help understanding gene functions and crop improvement biotechnology. A typical hpRNA construct is comprised of an intron splicable perfect inverted repeat of the target gene sequences under the control of a strong promoter. Geminiviruses, especially Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) cause devastating diseases in legume plants including cowpea, incurring severe crop loss. RNAi, involving hpRNA construct as transgene, is used to control these diseases at the early stages of geminivirus infection in the host, preventing symptom development and viral DNA accumulation. In this chapter, we describe a detailed protocol for the identification of geminivirus isolates from the filed grown cowpea plants, characterization of virus isolates under the laboratory conditions, design and construct RNAi vectors for effective suppression of viral target genes, and consequent development of transgenic cowpea using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol. These transgenics are subsequently evaluated for resistance to MYMIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mukherjee
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.
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Sivanandhan G, Moon J, Sung C, Bae S, Yang ZH, Jeong SY, Choi SR, Kim SG, Lim YP. L-Cysteine Increases the Transformation Efficiency of Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:767140. [PMID: 34764973 PMCID: PMC8576496 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Successful Agrobacterium-mediated transformations of Chinese cabbage have been limited owing to the plant's recalcitrant nature, genomic background and explant necrosis upon infection, which hinders the transfer of T-DNA region into the Chinese cabbage. Consequently, in the current experiment, a stable Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for Chinese cabbage cv. Kenshin established by employing important anti-oxidants in the co-cultivation and subsequent regeneration media. Four-day-old in vitro derived cotyledon explants were infected with A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 harboring the vector pCAMIBA1303. Cotyledon explants exposed to an Agrobacterium suspension (OD600 of approximately 0.6) for 10 min and then incubated for 3 days co-cultivation in Murashige and Skoog medium containing an L-cysteine + AgNO3 combination exhibited the highest β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression (94%) and explant regeneration efficiency (76%). After 3 days, the cotyledon explants were subjected to three selection cycles with gradually increasing hygromycin B concentrations (10 to 12 mg/L). The incorporation and expression of hptII in T0 transformed plants were verified by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analyses. These transgenic plants (T0) were fertile and morphologically normal. Using the present protocol, a successful transformation efficiency of 14% was achieved, and this protocol can be applied for genome editing and functional studies to improve Chinese cabbage traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshan Sivanandhan
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jiae Moon
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chaemin Sung
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Solhee Bae
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Zhi Hong Yang
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So Young Jeong
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su Ryun Choi
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Vasudevan V, Sathish D, Ajithan C, Sathish S, Manickavasagam M. Efficient Agrobacterium-mediated in planta genetic transformation of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus Thunb.]. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 15:447-457. [DOI: 10.1007/s11816-021-00691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Wang KT, Hong MC, Wu YS, Wu TM. Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation of Taiwanese Isolates of Lemna aequinoctialis. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081576. [PMID: 34451621 PMCID: PMC8401387 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Duckweed (Lemna aequinoctialis) is one of the smallest flowering plants in the world. Due to its high reproduction rate and biomass, duckweeds are used as biofactors and feedstuff additives for livestock. It is also an ideal system for basic biological research and various practical applications. In this study, we attempt to establish a micropropagation technique and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in L. aequinoctialis. The plant-growth regulator type and concentration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation were evaluated for their effects on duckweed callus induction, proliferation, regeneration, and gene transformation efficiency. Calli were successfully induced from 100% of explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 25.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2.0 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). MS medium containing 4.5 μM 2,4-D and 2.0 μM TDZ supported the long-lasting growth of calli. Fronds regenerated from 100% of calli on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium containing 1.0 μM 6-benzyladenine (6-BA). We also determined that 200 μM acetosyringone in the cocultivation medium for 1 day in the dark was crucial for transformation efficiency (up to 3 ± 1%). Additionally, we propose that both techniques will facilitate efficient high-throughput genetic manipulation in Lemnaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Teng Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (K.-T.W.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Ming-Chang Hong
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Sheng Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (K.-T.W.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Tsung-Meng Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (K.-T.W.); (Y.-S.W.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Chincinska IA. Leaf infiltration in plant science: old method, new possibilities. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:83. [PMID: 34321022 PMCID: PMC8316707 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The penetration of substances from the surface to deep inside plant tissues is called infiltration. Although various plant tissues may be effectively saturated with externally applied fluid, most described infiltration strategies have been developed for leaves. The infiltration process can be spontaneous (under normal atmospheric pressure) or forced by a pressure difference generated between the lamina surface and the inside of the leaf. Spontaneous infiltration of leaf laminae is possible with the use of liquids with sufficiently low surface tension. Forced infiltration is most commonly performed using needle-less syringes or vacuum pumps.Leaf infiltration is widely used in plant sciences for both research and application purposes, usually as a starting technique to obtain plant material for advanced experimental procedures. Leaf infiltration followed by gentle centrifugation allows to obtain the apoplastic fluid for further analyses including various omics. In studies of plant-microorganism interactions, infiltration is used for the controlled introduction of bacterial suspensions into leaf tissues or for the isolation of microorganisms inhabiting apoplastic spaces of leaves. The methods based on infiltration of target tissues allow the penetration of dyes, fixatives and other substances improving the quality of microscopic imaging. Infiltration has found a special application in plant biotechnology as a method of transient transformation with the use of Agrobacterium suspension (agroinfiltration) enabling genetic modifications of mature plant leaves, including the local induction of mutations using genome editing tools. In plant nanobiotechnology, the leaves of the target plants can be infiltrated with suitably prepared nanoparticles, which can act as light sensors or increase the plant resistance to environmental stress. In addition the infiltration has been also intensively studied due to the undesirable effects of this phenomenon in some food technology sectors, such as accidental contamination of leafy greens with pathogenic bacteria during the vacuum cooling process.This review, inspired by the growing interest of the scientists from various fields of plant science in the phenomenon of infiltration, provides the description of different infiltration methods and summarizes the recent applications of this technique in plant physiology, phytopathology and plant (nano-)biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Anna Chincinska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Kumar A, Sainger M, Jaiwal R, Chaudhary D, Jaiwal PK. Tissue Culture- and Selection-Independent Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation of a Recalcitrant Grain Legume, Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:710-718. [PMID: 33987815 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and generally fast Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system with no tissue culture and selection steps has been developed for the first time in a recalcitrant food legume, cowpea. The approach involves wounding of 1-day-old germinated seeds with a needle or sonication either alone or in combination of vacuum infiltration with A. tumefaciens EH105 (pCAMBIA2301) carrying a β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (uidA) and a neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) gene for stable transformation. Sonicated and vacuum infiltrated seedlings showed the highest transient GUS activity in 90% of the explants. The sprouted co-cultured seeds directly established in soil and without selection were allowed to develop into plants which on maturity produced T0 seeds. The presence of the alien genes, nptII and uidA in T0 plants and their integration into the genome of T1 plants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analyses, respectively. The transgenes were inherited in the subsequent T2 generation in a Mendelian fashion and their expression was confirmed by semi-quantitative PCR. The transformation frequency of 1.90% was obtained with sonication followed by vacuum infiltration with Agrobacterium. This approach provides favorable circumstances for the rapid meristem transformation and likely makes translational research ease in an important recalcitrant food legume, cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Manish Sainger
- Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Ranjana Jaiwal
- Department of Zoology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | | | - Pawan K Jaiwal
- Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
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Che P, Chang S, Simon MK, Zhang Z, Shaharyar A, Ourada J, O'Neill D, Torres-Mendoza M, Guo Y, Marasigan KM, Vielle-Calzada JP, Ozias-Akins P, Albertsen MC, Jones TJ. Developing a rapid and highly efficient cowpea regeneration, transformation and genome editing system using embryonic axis explants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:817-830. [PMID: 33595147 DOI: 10.1101/738971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the most important legume crops planted worldwide, but despite decades of effort, cowpea transformation is still challenging due to inefficient Agrobacterium-mediated transfer DNA delivery, transgenic selection and in vitro shoot regeneration. Here, we report a highly efficient transformation system using embryonic axis explants isolated from imbibed mature seeds. We found that removal of the shoot apical meristem from the explants stimulated direct multiple shoot organogenesis from the cotyledonary node tissue. The application of a previously reported ternary transformation vector system provided efficient Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery, while the utilization of spcN as selectable marker enabled more robust transgenic selection, plant recovery and transgenic plant generation without escapes and chimera formation. Transgenic cowpea plantlets developed exclusively from the cotyledonary nodes at frequencies of 4% to 37% across a wide range of cowpea genotypes. CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing was successfully demonstrated. The transformation principles established here could also be applied to other legumes to increase transformation efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Che
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, 50131, USA
| | | | | | - Zhifen Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, 31973, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mijael Torres-Mendoza
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36821, México
| | - Yinping Guo
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, 31973, USA
| | - Kathleen M Marasigan
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, 31973, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Vielle-Calzada
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36821, México
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA, 31973, USA
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18
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Che P, Chang S, Simon MK, Zhang Z, Shaharyar A, Ourada J, O’Neill D, Torres‐Mendoza M, Guo Y, Marasigan KM, Vielle‐Calzada J, Ozias‐Akins P, Albertsen MC, Jones TJ. Developing a rapid and highly efficient cowpea regeneration, transformation and genome editing system using embryonic axis explants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:817-830. [PMID: 33595147 PMCID: PMC8252785 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the most important legume crops planted worldwide, but despite decades of effort, cowpea transformation is still challenging due to inefficient Agrobacterium-mediated transfer DNA delivery, transgenic selection and in vitro shoot regeneration. Here, we report a highly efficient transformation system using embryonic axis explants isolated from imbibed mature seeds. We found that removal of the shoot apical meristem from the explants stimulated direct multiple shoot organogenesis from the cotyledonary node tissue. The application of a previously reported ternary transformation vector system provided efficient Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery, while the utilization of spcN as selectable marker enabled more robust transgenic selection, plant recovery and transgenic plant generation without escapes and chimera formation. Transgenic cowpea plantlets developed exclusively from the cotyledonary nodes at frequencies of 4% to 37% across a wide range of cowpea genotypes. CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing was successfully demonstrated. The transformation principles established here could also be applied to other legumes to increase transformation efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Che
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIowa50131USA
| | - Shujun Chang
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIowa50131USA
- Present address:
Benson Hill Biosystems1100 Corporate Square Dr. Suite 150St. LouisMO63132USA
| | | | - Zhifen Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & GenomicsUniversity of Georgia Tifton CampusTiftonGA31973USA
| | - Ahmed Shaharyar
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIowa50131USA
- Present address:
Benson Hill Biosystems1100 Corporate Square Dr. Suite 150St. LouisMO63132USA
| | - Jesse Ourada
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIowa50131USA
- Present address:
Benson Hill Biosystems1100 Corporate Square Dr. Suite 150St. LouisMO63132USA
| | | | - Mijael Torres‐Mendoza
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la BiodiversidadCINVESTAV IrapuatoGuanajuato36821México
| | - Yinping Guo
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & GenomicsUniversity of Georgia Tifton CampusTiftonGA31973USA
| | - Kathleen M. Marasigan
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & GenomicsUniversity of Georgia Tifton CampusTiftonGA31973USA
| | - Jean‐Philippe Vielle‐Calzada
- Group of Reproductive Development and Apomixis, UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la BiodiversidadCINVESTAV IrapuatoGuanajuato36821México
| | - Peggy Ozias‐Akins
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & GenomicsUniversity of Georgia Tifton CampusTiftonGA31973USA
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Sharma PK, Goud VV, Yamamoto Y, Sahoo L. Efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated stable genetic transformation of green microalgae, Chlorella sorokiniana. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:196. [PMID: 33927987 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The green oleaginous microalgae, Chlorella sorokiniana, is a highly productive Chlorella species and a potential host for the production of biofuel, nutraceuticals, and recombinant therapeutic proteins. The lack of a stable and efficient genetic transformation system is the major bottleneck in improving this species. We report an efficient and stable Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system for the first time in C. sorokiniana. Cocultivation of C. sorokiniana cells (optical density at λ 680 = 1.0) with Agrobacterium at a cell density of OD600 = 0.6, on BG11 agar medium (pH 5.6) supplemented with 100 μM of acetosyringone, for three days at 25 ± 2 °C in the dark, resulted in significantly higher transformation efficiency (220 ± 5 hygromycin-resistant colonies per 106 cells). Transformed cells primarily selected on BG11 liquid medium with 30 mg/L hygromycin followed by selecting homogenous transformants on BG11 agar medium with 75 mg/L hygromycin. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of hptII, and the absence of virG amplification ruled out the Agrobacterium contamination in transformed microalgal cells. Southern hybridization confirmed the integration of the hptII gene into the genome of C. sorokiniana. The qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed hptII and GUS gene expression in the transgenic cell lines. The specific growth rate, biomass doubling time, PSII activity, and fatty-acid profile of transformed cells were found similar to wild-type untransformed cells, clearly indicating the growth and basic metabolic processes not compromised by transgene expression. This protocol can facilitate opportunities for future production of biofuel, carotenoids, nutraceuticals, and therapeutic proteins. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02750-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabin Kumar Sharma
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Vaibhab V Goud
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
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Kumar A, Jaiwal R, Sreevathsa R, Chaudhary D, Jaiwal PK. Transgenic cowpea plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Aa insecticidal protein imparts resistance to Maruca vitrata legume pod borer. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:583-594. [PMID: 33471196 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fertile independent transgenic cowpea lines expressing the BtCry2Aa toxin with increased resistance to the most devastating lepidopteran insect pest, Maruca pod borer has been developed for the first time. Cowpea is a staple legume important for food and nutritional security in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, where its production is limited by the key pest, legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata). Cowpea varieties resistant to M. vitrata are not known, hence, development of Maruca pod borer resistance cowpea through genetic engineering is a promising approach to improve its production. In the present study, transgenic cowpea plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Aa insecticidal protein were developed for the first time using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of cotyledonary explants. T0 plants recovered from Agrobacterium cocultured explants on medium containing 120 mgl-1 of kanamycin were identified on the basis of the presence of transgenes by PCR, their integration into genome by Southern hybridization and expression of their transcripts by semi quantitative PCR (sqRT-PCR) and quantitative Real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and protein by Western blot analysis. The transformation efficiency obtained was 3.47% with 11 independent T0 transgenic lines. The bioefficacy of Cry2Aa protein expressed in randomly selected four T0 plant's leaves and pods was evaluated by feeding Maruca pod borer demonstrated a significant lower damage and a high level of Maruca mortality (more than 90%) for all these Bt lines. The inheritance of transgenes from T0 to T1 progeny plants was demonstrated by PCR analysis. The transgenic plants generated in this study can be used in cowpea breeding program for durable and sustainable legume pod borer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Ranjana Jaiwal
- Department of Zoology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Pawan K Jaiwal
- Centre for Biotechnology, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
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Ashrafi-Dehkordi E, Alemzadeh A, Tanaka N, Razi H. Effects of vacuum infiltration, Agrobacterium cell density and acetosyringone concentration on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of bread wheat. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-020-01312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Deguchi M, Bogush D, Weeden H, Spuhler Z, Potlakayala S, Kondo T, Zhang ZJ, Rudrabhatla S. Establishment and optimization of a hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) agroinfiltration system for gene expression and silencing studies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3504. [PMID: 32103049 PMCID: PMC7044430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a high-yielding annual crop primarily grown for fiber, seeds, and oil. Due to the phytochemical composition of hemp, there has been an increased interest in the market for nutraceuticals and dietary supplements for human health. Recent omics analysis has led to the elucidation of hemp candidate genes involved in the syntheses of specialized metabolites. However, a detailed study of these genes has not been undertaken due to the lack of a stable transformation system. We report for the first time an agroinfiltration system in hemp utilizing vacuum infiltration, which is an alternative method to stable transformation. A combination of 0.015% Silwett L-77, 5 mM ascorbic acid, and thirty second sonication followed by a 10-minute vacuum treatment resulted in the highest β-glucuronidase expression in the leaf, male and female flowers, stem, and root tissues. The phytoene desaturase gene was silenced with a transient hairpin RNA expression, resulting in an albino phenotype in the leaves and the male and female flowers. This agroinfiltration system would be useful for overexpression and silencing studies of target genes to regulate the yield of specialized metabolites in hemp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihito Deguchi
- Penn State Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Bogush
- Penn State Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hannah Weeden
- Penn State Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary Spuhler
- Penn State Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shobha Potlakayala
- Penn State Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takumasa Kondo
- AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Palmira, Calle 23, Carrera 37, Continuo al Penal Palmira, Valle, Colombia
| | - Zhanyuan J Zhang
- Plant Biotechnology Innovation Laboratory, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Sairam Rudrabhatla
- Penn State Harrisburg, 777 West Harrisburg Pike, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA.
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23
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Xu S, Tang X, Zhao J, Yu C, He G, Xu H, Wang S, Tang Y, Fu C, Ma Y, Zhou G. Efficient genetic transformation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in Lemna aequinoctialis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2143-2152. [PMID: 30972865 PMCID: PMC6790374 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The fast growth, ease of metabolic labelling and potential for feedstock and biofuels production make duckweeds not only an attractive model system for understanding plant biology, but also a potential future crop. However, current duckweed research is constrained by the lack of efficient genetic manipulation tools. Here, we report a case study on genome editing in a duckweed species, Lemna aequinoctialis, using a fast and efficient transformation and CRISPR/Cas9 tool. By optimizing currently available transformation protocols, we reduced the duration time of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to 5-6 weeks with a success rate of over 94%. Based on the optimized transformation protocol, we generated 15 (14.3% success rate) biallelic LaPDS mutants that showed albino phenotype using a CRISPR/Cas9 system. Investigations on CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation spectrum among mutated L. aequinoctialis showed that most of mutations were short insertions and deletions. This study presents the first example of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in duckweeds, which will open new research avenues in using duckweeds for both basic and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- College of Resources and EnvironmentQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy GeneticsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy GeneticsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Shuqing Xu
- Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Xianfeng Tang
- College of Resources and EnvironmentQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy GeneticsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- College of Resources and EnvironmentQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy GeneticsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Guo He
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy GeneticsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Hua Xu
- College of Resources and EnvironmentQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy GeneticsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Shumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy GeneticsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Yali Tang
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy GeneticsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy GeneticsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Yubin Ma
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy GeneticsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Gongke Zhou
- College of Resources and EnvironmentQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdaoChina
- Key Laboratory of BiofuelsQingdao Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resources and EnvironmentShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy GeneticsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
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24
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Das Bhowmik SS, Cheng AY, Long H, Tan GZH, Hoang TML, Karbaschi MR, Williams B, Higgins TJV, Mundree SG. Robust Genetic Transformation System to Obtain Non-chimeric Transgenic Chickpea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:524. [PMID: 31105725 PMCID: PMC6498970 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea transformation is an important component for the genetic improvement of this crop, achieved through modern biotechnological approaches. However, recalcitrant tissue cultures and occasional chimerism, encountered during transformation, hinder the efficient generation of transgenic chickpeas. Two key parameters, namely micro-injury and light emitting diode (LED)-based lighting were used to increase transformation efficiency. Early PCR confirmation of positive in vitro transgenic shoots, together with efficient grafting and an extended acclimatization procedure contributed to the rapid generation of transgenic plants. High intensity LED light facilitate chickpea plants to complete their life cycle within 9 weeks thus enabling up to two generations of stable transgenic chickpea lines within 8 months. The method was validated with several genes from different sources, either as single or multi-gene cassettes. Stable transgenic chickpea lines containing GUS (uidA), stress tolerance (AtBAG4 and TlBAG), as well as Fe-biofortification (OsNAS2 and CaNAS2) genes have successfully been produced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alam Yen Cheng
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hao Long
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Grace Zi Hao Tan
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thi My Linh Hoang
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Karbaschi
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Joseph V. Higgins
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sagadevan G. Mundree
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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25
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Isopentenyl Transferase (IPT) Gene Transfer to Perennial Ryegrass Through Sonication-Assisted Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation (SAAT), Vacuum and Heat Treatment. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:332-344. [PMID: 30830513 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The successful introduction of isopentenyl transferase (IPT) gene into perennial ryegrass, cultivars Numan and Grassland using Agrobacterium tumefaciens via three explants (callus, seed and meristem tip) under three individual experiment was evaluated. In the first experiment, the calli were inoculated with LBA4404 Agrobacterium strain under vacuum, heat and in combination of both at 42 °C for 5 min followed by vacuum treatment (390 mm Hg pressure) for 15 min. Sonication-assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (SAAT) was applied for seed and meristem tip transformation of perennial ryegrass for the first time. Results showed positive effects of heat treatment on transformation efficiency during Agro-infection in both cultivars. However, heat shock treatment was more effective in 'Grassland' than 'Numan' (14.2% vs 9.2%). In addition, high transformation efficiency of about 46.65% and 29.15% was observed using meristem tip explants of 'Grassland' and 'Numan' based on IPT and RD29A positive PCR results, respectively. Seed transformation efficiency in 'Grassland' and 'Numan' under SAAT method reached to 37.5% and 16.65%, respectively. Results of these experiments revealed that LBA4404 strain was more efficient than GV3101 in transformation of both perennial ryegrass cultivars. The DNA-blot analysis confirmed that a single T-DNA copy of the IPT gene was integrated into the genomic DNA of the positive transgenic T0 plants which obtained from callus and meristem tip explants of 'Grassland' after heat and SAAT treatment, respectively. Because monocots are not the host of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, this novel protocol can be used in further experiments on genetic transformation of perennial ryegrass cultivars.
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26
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Bett B, Gollasch S, Moore A, Harding R, Higgins TJV. An Improved Transformation System for Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) via Sonication and a Kanamycin-Geneticin Selection Regime. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:219. [PMID: 30873198 PMCID: PMC6401653 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An improved cowpea transformation method utilizing Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery to explants derived from the cotyledonary nodes of imbibed cowpea seed is described. The explants were regenerated following a sonication procedure and a stringent selection comprising alternating regimes of kanamycin and geneticin. The method was reproducible and led to the recovery of independent fertile transgenic plants in the greenhouse at a level of about one per cent of starting explants. A transgene encoding an insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis was used to demonstrate the efficacy of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosibori Bett
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Biotechnology Centre, Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organisation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Andy Moore
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Robert Harding
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas J. V. Higgins
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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27
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Muthamilarasan M, Singh NK, Prasad M. Multi-omics approaches for strategic improvement of stress tolerance in underutilized crop species: A climate change perspective. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2019; 103:1-38. [PMID: 30904092 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, researchers are working toward improving the "major" crops for better adaptability and tolerance to environmental stresses. However, little or no research attention is given toward neglected and underutilized crop species (NUCS) which hold the potential to ensure food and nutritional security among the ever-growing global population. NUCS are predominantly climate resilient, but their yield and quality are compromised due to selective breeding. In this context, the importance of omics technologies namely genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, phenomics and ionomics in delineating the complex molecular machinery governing growth, development and stress responses of NUCS is underlined. However, gaining insights through individual omics approaches will not be sufficient to address the research questions, whereas integrating these technologies could be an effective strategy to decipher the gene function, genome structures, biological pathways, metabolic and regulatory networks underlying complex traits. Given this, the chapter enlists the importance of NUCS in food and nutritional security and provides an overview of deploying omics approaches to study the NUCS. Also, the chapter enumerates the status of crop improvement programs in NUCS and suggests implementing "integrating omics" for gaining a better understanding of crops' response to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India; ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India.
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28
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Dattgonde N, Tiwari S, Sapre S, Gontia-Mishra I. Genetic Transformation of Oat Mediated by Agrobacterium is enhanced with Sonication and Vacuum Infiltration. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 17:e1563. [PMID: 31457038 PMCID: PMC6697858 DOI: 10.21859/ijb.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oat (Avena sativa) with high nutritive value and fiber content is used as the main food grain in many countries for human diet as well as animal feed. Recently, it became difficult to transfer new genes through the conventional breeding due to the lack of desirable traits. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed at achieving a standardized protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in oat. MATERIALS AND METHODS For oat transformation, mature seeds were sterilized, germinated, and used for explants generation. Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101 with the binary vector pCAMBIA 1305.1, which carries gus as reporter gene, was utilized in the transformation. The co-cultivation treatment assisted with sonication, and vacuum infiltration, and their combination was employed for transformation with different incubation periods of 48, 72, and 96 hours under the dark conditions. RESULTS Among the different transformation treatments, the vacuum treatment with 72 hours dark incubation had the best results. Vacuum infiltration of the cultures from leaf base produced a maximum of 25% hygromycin-resistant explants. These explants upon GUS assay and PCR analysis revealed 21.85% and 19.04% transformation efficiency, respectively. CONCLUSIONS It could be concluded that vacuum infiltration assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the most efficient method to conduct the genetic improvement of the oat using transformation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh Dattgonde
- Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University, Jabalpur, India
| | - Sharad Tiwari
- Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University, Jabalpur, India
| | - Swapnil Sapre
- Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University, Jabalpur, India
| | - Iti Gontia-Mishra
- Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University, Jabalpur, India
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29
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Das Bhowmik SS, Cheng AY, Long H, Tan GZH, Hoang TML, Karbaschi MR, Williams B, Higgins TJV, Mundree SG. Robust Genetic Transformation System to Obtain Non-chimeric Transgenic Chickpea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:524. [PMID: 31105725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00524/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea transformation is an important component for the genetic improvement of this crop, achieved through modern biotechnological approaches. However, recalcitrant tissue cultures and occasional chimerism, encountered during transformation, hinder the efficient generation of transgenic chickpeas. Two key parameters, namely micro-injury and light emitting diode (LED)-based lighting were used to increase transformation efficiency. Early PCR confirmation of positive in vitro transgenic shoots, together with efficient grafting and an extended acclimatization procedure contributed to the rapid generation of transgenic plants. High intensity LED light facilitate chickpea plants to complete their life cycle within 9 weeks thus enabling up to two generations of stable transgenic chickpea lines within 8 months. The method was validated with several genes from different sources, either as single or multi-gene cassettes. Stable transgenic chickpea lines containing GUS (uidA), stress tolerance (AtBAG4 and TlBAG), as well as Fe-biofortification (OsNAS2 and CaNAS2) genes have successfully been produced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alam Yen Cheng
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hao Long
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Grace Zi Hao Tan
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thi My Linh Hoang
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Karbaschi
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Joseph V Higgins
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sagadevan G Mundree
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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30
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Hayta S, Smedley MA, Li J, Harwood WA, Gilmartin PM. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation systems of Primula vulgaris. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:93. [PMID: 30386411 PMCID: PMC6204026 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic transformation is a valuable tool and an important procedure in plant functional genomics contributing to gene discovery, allowing powerful insights into gene function and genetically controlled characteristics. Primulaceae species provide one of the best-known examples of heteromorphic flower development, a breeding system which has attracted considerable attention, including that of Charles Darwin. Molecular approaches, including plant transformation give the best opportunity to define and understand the role of genes involved in floral heteromorphy in the common primrose, Primula vulgaris, along with other Primula species. RESULTS Two transformation systems have been developed in P. vulgaris. The first system, Agrobacterium-mediated vacuum infiltration of seedlings, enables the rapid testing of transgenes, transiently in planta. GUS expression was observed in the cotyledons, true leaves, and roots of Primula seedlings. The second system is based on Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection of pedicel explants with an average transformation efficiency of 4.6%. This transformation system, based on regeneration and selection of transformants within in vitro culture, demonstrates stable transgene integration and transmission to the next generation. CONCLUSION The two transformation systems reported here will aid fundamental research into important traits in Primula. Although, stable integration of transgenes is the ultimate goal for such analyses, transient gene expression via Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer, offers a simple and fast method to analyse transgene functions. The second system describes, for the first time, stable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Primula vulgaris, which will be key to characterising the genes responsible for the control of floral heteromorphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiye Hayta
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Mark A. Smedley
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Jinhong Li
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | | | - Philip M. Gilmartin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
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31
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Kumar S, Tanti B, Patil BL, Mukherjee SK, Sahoo L. RNAi-derived transgenic resistance to Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in cowpea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186786. [PMID: 29077738 PMCID: PMC5659608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea is an important grain legume crop of Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia. Leaf curl and golden mosaic diseases caused by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) have emerged as most devastating viral diseases of cowpea in Southeast Asia. In this study, we employed RNA interference (RNAi) strategy to control cowpea-infecting MYMIV. For this, we generated transgenic cowpea plants harbouring three different intron hairpin RNAi constructs, containing the AC2, AC4 and fusion of AC2 and AC4 (AC2+AC4) of seven cowpea-infecting begomoviruses. The T0 and T1 transgenic cowpea lines of all the three constructs accumulated transgene-specific siRNAs. Transgenic plants were further assayed up to T1 generations, for resistance to MYMIV using agro-infectious clones. Nearly 100% resistance against MYMIV infection was observed in transgenic lines, expressing AC2-hp and AC2+AC4-hp RNA, when compared with untransformed controls and plants transformed with empty vectors, which developed severe viral disease symptoms within 3 weeks. The AC4-hp RNA expressing lines displayed appearance of milder symptoms after 5 weeks of MYMIV-inoculation. Northern blots revealed a positive correlation between the level of transgene-specific siRNAs accumulation and virus resistance. The MYMIV-resistant transgenic lines accumulated nearly zero or very low titres of viral DNA. The transgenic cowpea plants had normal phenotype with no yield penalty in greenhouse conditions. This is the first demonstration of RNAi-derived resistance to MYMIV in cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bhaben Tanti
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Basavaprabhu L. Patil
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, IARI, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mukherjee
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
- * E-mail:
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32
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Ru M, An Y, Wang K, Peng L, Li B, Bai Z, Wang B, Liang Z. Prunella vulgarisL. hairy roots: Culture, growth, and elicitation by ethephon and salicylic acid. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ru
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation; Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources; Yangling China
| | - Yuyan An
- College of Horticulture; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing China
| | - Kunru Wang
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Liang Peng
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Zhenqin Bai
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Bangqing Wang
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation; Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources; Yangling China
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
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33
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Mayavan S, Subramanyam K, Jaganath B, Sathish D, Manickavasagam M, Ganapathi A. Agrobacterium-mediated in planta genetic transformation of sugarcane setts. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1835-48. [PMID: 26152769 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, reproducible, and genotype-independent in planta transformation has been developed for sugarcane using setts as explant. Traditional Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and in vitro regeneration of sugarcane is a complex and time-consuming process. Development of an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol, which can produce a large number of transgenic plants in short duration is advantageous. Hence, in the present investigation, we developed a tissue culture-independent in planta genetic transformation system for sugarcane using setts collected from 6-month-old sugarcane plants. The sugarcane setts (nodal cuttings) were infected with three Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harbouring pCAMBIA 1301-bar plasmid, and the transformants were selected against BASTA(®). Several parameters influencing the in planta transformation such as A. tumefaciens strains, acetosyringone, sonication and exposure to vacuum pressure, have been evaluated. The putatively transformed sugarcane plants were screened by GUS histochemical assay. Sugarcane setts were pricked and sonicated for 6 min and vacuum infiltered for 2 min at 500 mmHg in A. tumefaciens C58C1 suspension containing 100 µM acetosyringone, 0.1 % Silwett L-77 showed the highest transformation efficiency of 29.6 % (with var. Co 62175). The three-stage selection process completely eliminated the chimeric transgenic sugarcane plants. Among the five sugarcane varieties evaluated using the standardized protocol, var. Co 6907 showed the maximum transformation efficiency (32.6 %). The in planta transformation protocol described here is applicable to transfer the economically important genes into different varieties of sugarcane in relatively short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Mayavan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
- Center for Bioenergy, Cooperative Research, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City, MO, 65101, USA
| | - Kondeti Subramanyam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Balusamy Jaganath
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dorairaj Sathish
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Markandan Manickavasagam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andy Ganapathi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Behura R, Kumar S, Saha B, Panda MK, Dey M, Sadhukhan A, Mishra S, Alam S, Sahoo DP, Sugla T, Sahoo L. Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1223:255-64. [PMID: 25300846 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1695-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is an efficient method for incorporating genes and recovering stable transgenic plants in cowpea because this method offers several advantages such as the defined integration of transgenes, potentially low copy number, and preferential integration into transcriptional active regions of the chromosome. Cotyledonary node explants of cowpea present an attractive target for T-DNA delivery followed by regeneration of shoots via axillary proliferation without involvement of a de novo regeneration pathway. In this chapter, we describe a detailed protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the cowpea variety Pusa Komal. The seedling cotyledonary node explants are used for cocultivation with an Agrobacterium strain EHA105 harboring standard binary vector, pCAMBIA2301 or pNOV2819, and putative transformed plants are selected using aminoglycoside antibiotic or mannose as sole carbon source, respectively. The entire process includes explant infection to transgenic seed generation in greenhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratikanta Behura
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
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Sivanandhan G, Kapil Dev G, Theboral J, Selvaraj N, Ganapathi A, Manickavasagam M. Sonication, Vacuum Infiltration and Thiol Compounds Enhance the Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Frequency of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124693. [PMID: 25927703 PMCID: PMC4416026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we have established a stable transformation protocol via Agrobacterium tumafacines for the pharmaceutically important Withania somnifera. Six day-old nodal explants were used for 3 day co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring the vector pCAMIBA2301. Among the different injury treatments, sonication, vacuum infiltration and their combination treatments tested, a vacuum infiltration for 10 min followed by sonication for 10 sec with A. tumefaciens led to a higher transient GUS expression (84% explants expressing GUS at regenerating sites). In order to improve gene integration, thiol compounds were added to co-cultivation medium. A combined treatment of L-Cys at 100 mg/l, STS at 125 mg/l, DTT at 75 mg/l resulted in a higher GUS expression (90%) in the nodal explants. After 3 days of co-cultivation, the explants were subjected to three selection cycles with increasing concentrations of kanamycin [100 to 115 mg/l]. The integration and expression of gusA gene in T0 and T1 transgenic plants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Southern blott analysis. These transformed plants (T0 and T1) were fertile and morphologically normal. From the present investigation, we have achieved a higher transformation efficiency of (10%). Withanolides (withanolide A, withanolide B, withanone and withaferin A) contents of transformed plants (T0 and T1) were marginally higher than control plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshan Sivanandhan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305 764, South Korea
| | - Gnajothi Kapil Dev
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeevaraj Theboral
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natesan Selvaraj
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Periyar E.V.R College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 023, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Andy Ganapathi
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Markandan Manickavasagam
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Arun M, Subramanyam K, Mariashibu TS, Theboral J, Shivanandhan G, Manickavasagam M, Ganapathi A. Application of sonication in combination with vacuum infiltration enhances the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation in Indian soybean cultivars. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:2266-87. [PMID: 25480345 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is a recalcitrant crop to Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Development of highly efficient, reproducible, and genotype-independent transformation protocol is highly desirable for soybean genetic improvement. Hence, an improved Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol has been developed for cultivar PK 416 by evaluating various parameters including Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains (LBA4404, EHA101, and EHA105 harboring pCAMBIA1304 plasmid), sonication duration, vacuum infiltration pressure, and vacuum duration using cotyledonary node explants of soybean prepared from 7-day-old seedlings. The transformed plants were successfully developed through direct organogenesis system. Transgene expression was assessed by GUS histochemical and gfp visual assays, and integration was analyzed by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. Among the different combinations and durations evaluated, a maximum transformation efficiency of 18.6 % was achieved when the cotyledonary node explants of cv. PK 416 were sonicated for 20 s and vacuum infiltered for 2 min at 250 mmHg in A. tumefaciens EHA105 suspension. The amenability of the standardized protocol was tested on four more soybean cultivars JS 90-41, Hara Soy, Co 1, and Co 2 in which all the cultivars responded favorably with transformation efficiency ranging from 13.3 to 16.6 %. The transformation protocol developed in the present study would be useful to transform diverse soybean cultivars with desirable traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukrishnan Arun
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024,, Tamil Nadu, India
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King JL, Finer JJ, McHale LK. Development and optimization of agroinfiltration for soybean. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:133-40. [PMID: 25326714 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Agroinfiltration is an efficient method to study transgene expression in plant tissue. In this study, sonication followed by vacuum infiltration is shown to increase agroinfiltration-mediated GUS expression in soybean. Agroinfiltration, a valuable tool for rapid analysis of gene function, has been used extensively on leaf tissue of Nicotiana benthamiana and several other plant species. However, the application of this approach for gene functionality studies in soybean has been largely unsuccessful. Improvements in agroinfiltration of many plants have been achieved through a variety of approaches to allow better delivery, penetration and infection of Agrobacterium to interior leaf tissues. In this work, an agroinfiltration approach was developed for transient expression in soybean utilizing sonication followed by vacuum infiltration of intact seedlings. The optimal infiltration buffer, sonication time, and vacuum conditions for agroinfiltration of soybean were evaluated by monitoring expression of an introduced β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. The developed method included the use of an infiltration buffer (10 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 10 mM MgCl2, 100 µM acetosyringone) supplemented with the reducing agent dithiothreitol, with 30 s sonication followed by vacuum infiltration. These techniques were further applied to evaluate five different Agrobacterium strains and six different plant genetic backgrounds. Among the Agrobacterium strains examined, J2 produced the highest levels of GUS activity and 'Peking' was the most responsive genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L King
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Sadhukhan A, Kobayashi Y, Kobayashi Y, Tokizawa M, Yamamoto YY, Iuchi S, Koyama H, Panda SK, Sahoo L. VuDREB2A, a novel DREB2-type transcription factor in the drought-tolerant legume cowpea, mediates DRE-dependent expression of stress-responsive genes and confers enhanced drought resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2014; 240:645-664. [PMID: 25030652 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
VuDREB2A exists in cowpea as a canonical DREB2-type transcription factor, having the ability to bind dehydration-responsive elements in vitro and confer enhanced drought resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is an important cultivated legume that can survive better in arid conditions than other crops. But the molecular mechanisms involved in the drought tolerance of this species remain elusive with very few reported candidate genes. The Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding Protein2 (DREB2) group of transcription factors plays key roles in plant responses to drought. However, no DREB2 ortholog has been reported from cowpea so far. In this study, we isolated and characterized a gene from cowpea, namely VuDREB2A, encoding a protein of 377 amino acids exhibiting features of reported DREB2-type proteins. In cowpea, VuDREB2A transcript accumulation was highly induced by desiccation, heat and salt, but slightly by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. We also isolated the VuDREB2A promoter and predicted stress-responsive cis-elements in it using Arabidopsis microarray data. The E. coli-expressed VuDREB2A protein showed binding to synthetic oligonucleotides with Dehydration-Responsive Elements (DREs) from Arabidopsis, in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Heterologous expression of VuDREB2A in Arabidopsis significantly improved plant survival under drought. In addition, overexpression of a truncated version of VuDREB2A, after removal of a putative negative regulatory domain (between amino acids 132-182) led to a dwarf phenotype in the transgenic plants. Microarray and quantitative PCR analyses of VuDREB2A overexpressing Arabidopsis revealed up-regulation of stress-responsive genes having DRE overrepresented in their promoters. In summary, our results indicate that VuDREB2A conserves the basic functionality and mode of regulation of DREB2A in Arabidopsis and could be a potent candidate gene for the genetic improvement of drought resistance in cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Sadhukhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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Bohra A, Pandey MK, Jha UC, Singh B, Singh IP, Datta D, Chaturvedi SK, Nadarajan N, Varshney RK. Genomics-assisted breeding in four major pulse crops of developing countries: present status and prospects. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2014; 127:1263-91. [PMID: 24710822 PMCID: PMC4035543 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Given recent advances in pulse molecular biology, genomics-driven breeding has emerged as a promising approach to address the issues of limited genetic gain and low productivity in various pulse crops. The global population is continuously increasing and is expected to reach nine billion by 2050. This huge population pressure will lead to severe shortage of food, natural resources and arable land. Such an alarming situation is most likely to arise in developing countries due to increase in the proportion of people suffering from protein and micronutrient malnutrition. Pulses being a primary and affordable source of proteins and minerals play a key role in alleviating the protein calorie malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and other undernourishment-related issues. Additionally, pulses are a vital source of livelihood generation for millions of resource-poor farmers practising agriculture in the semi-arid and sub-tropical regions. Limited success achieved through conventional breeding so far in most of the pulse crops will not be enough to feed the ever increasing population. In this context, genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) holds promise in enhancing the genetic gains. Though pulses have long been considered as orphan crops, recent advances in the area of pulse genomics are noteworthy, e.g. discovery of genome-wide genetic markers, high-throughput genotyping and sequencing platforms, high-density genetic linkage/QTL maps and, more importantly, the availability of whole-genome sequence. With genome sequence in hand, there is a great scope to apply genome-wide methods for trait mapping using association studies and to choose desirable genotypes via genomic selection. It is anticipated that GAB will speed up the progress of genetic improvement of pulses, leading to the rapid development of cultivars with higher yield, enhanced stress tolerance and wider adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bohra
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, 208024 India
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324 India
| | - Uday C. Jha
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, 208024 India
| | - Balwant Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (NRCPB), New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Indra P. Singh
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, 208024 India
| | - Dibendu Datta
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, 208024 India
| | | | - N. Nadarajan
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, 208024 India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324 India
- The University of Western Australia (UWA), Crawley, 6009 Australia
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Mayavan S, Subramanyam K, Arun M, Rajesh M, Kapil Dev G, Sivanandhan G, Jaganath B, Manickavasagam M, Selvaraj N, Ganapathi A. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated in planta seed transformation strategy in sugarcane. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1557-74. [PMID: 23749098 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, reproducible and genotype-independent in planta transformation has been standardized for sugarcane using seed as explant. Transgenic sugarcane production through Agrobacterium infection followed by in vitro regeneration is a time-consuming process and highly genotype dependent. To obtain more number of transformed sugarcane plants in a relatively short duration, sugarcane seeds were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA 105 harboring pCAMBIA 1304-bar and transformed plants were successfully established without undergoing in vitro regeneration. Various factors affecting sugarcane seed transformation were optimized, including pre-culture duration, acetosyringone concentration, surfactants, co-cultivation, sonication and vacuum infiltration duration. The transformed sugarcane plants were selected against BASTA(®) and screened by GUS and GFP visual assay, PCR and Southern hybridization. Among the different combinations and concentrations tested, when 12-h pre-cultured seeds were sonicated for 10 min and 3 min vacuum infiltered in 100 µM acetosyringone and 0.1 % Silwett L-77 containing Agrobacterium suspension and co-cultivated for 72-h showed highest transformation efficiency. The amenability of the standardized protocol was tested on five genotypes. It was found that all the tested genotypes responded favorably, though CoC671 proved to be the best responding cultivar with 45.4 % transformation efficiency. The developed protocol is cost-effective, efficient and genotype independent without involvement of any tissue culture procedure and can generate a relatively large number of transgenic plants in approximately 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Mayavan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Subramanyam K, Rajesh M, Jaganath B, Vasuki A, Theboral J, Elayaraja D, Karthik S, Manickavasagam M, Ganapathi A. Assessment of factors influencing the Agrobacterium-mediated in planta seed transformation of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:450-68. [PMID: 23852797 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and reproducible in planta transformation method was developed for brinjal using seed as an explant. The brinjal seeds were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA 105 harbouring pCAMBIA 1301-bar plasmid, and the transformants were selected against BASTA®. Several parameters influencing the in planta seed transformation such as pre-culture duration, acetosyringone concentration, surfactants, duration of sonication, vacuum pressure and vacuum duration have been evaluated. The putatively transformed (T 0) brinjal plants were screened by GUS histochemical analysis. Among the different combinations and concentrations tested, when the 18-h pre-cultured brinjal seeds were sonicated for 20 min and vacuum infiltered for 3 min at 500 mm of Hg in Agrobacterium suspension containing 100 μM acetosyringone, 0.2 % Silwett L-77 favoured the Agrobacterium infection and showed maximum transformation efficiency. Among the five brinjal varieties evaluated, Arka Samhitha showed maximum transformation efficiency at 45.66 %. The transgene was successfully transmitted to progeny plants (T 1) which was evidenced by GUS histochemical analysis, polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridisation. The in planta protocol developed in the present study would be beneficial to transfer the economically and nutritionally important genes into different varieties of brinjal, and the transgenic brinjal plants can be produced in less time (approximately 27 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondeti Subramanyam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nanasato Y, Konagaya KI, Okuzaki A, Tsuda M, Tabei Y. Improvement of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) by combination of vacuum infiltration and co-cultivation on filter paper wicks. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2013; 7:267-276. [PMID: 23874354 PMCID: PMC3712137 DOI: 10.1007/s11816-012-0260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An improved method for genetic transformation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Shinhokusei No. 1) was developed. Vacuum infiltration of cotyledonary explants with Agrobacterium suspension enhanced the efficiency of Agrobacterium infection in the proximal regions of explants. Co-cultivation on filter paper wicks suppressed necrosis of explants, leading to increased regeneration efficiency. Putative transgenic plants were screened by kanamycin resistance and green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence, and integration of the transgene into the cucumber genome was confirmed by genomic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting. These transgenic plants grew normally and T1 seeds were obtained from 7 lines. Finally, stable integration and transmission of the transgene in T1 generations were confirmed by GFP fluorescence and genomic PCR. The average transgenic efficiency for producing cucumbers with our method was 11.9 ± 3.5 %, which is among the highest values reported until date using kanamycin as a selective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nanasato
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Konagaya
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan
- Present Address: Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301 Japan
| | - Ayako Okuzaki
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan
| | - Mai Tsuda
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan
| | - Yutaka Tabei
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 Japan
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Bakshi S, Saha B, Roy NK, Mishra S, Panda SK, Sahoo L. Successful recovery of transgenic cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) using the 6-phosphomannose isomerase gene as the selectable marker. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:1093-1103. [PMID: 22327900 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new method for obtaining transgenic cowpea was developed using positive selection based on the Escherichia coli 6-phosphomannose isomerase gene as the selectable marker and mannose as the selective agent. Only transformed cells were capable of utilizing mannose as a carbon source. Cotyledonary node explants from 4-day-old in vitro-germinated seedlings of cultivar Pusa Komal were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 carrying the vector pNOV2819. Regenerating transformed shoots were selected on medium supplemented with a combination of 20 g/l mannose and 5 g/l sucrose as carbon source. The transformed shoots were rooted on medium devoid of mannose. Transformation efficiency based on PCR analysis of individual putative transformed shoots was 3.6%. Southern blot analysis on five randomly chosen PCR-positive plants confirmed the integration of the pmi transgene. Qualitative reverse transcription (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated the expression of pmi in T₀ transgenic plants. Chlorophenol red (CPR) assays confirmed the activity of PMI in transgenic plants, and the gene was transmitted to progeny in a Mendelian fashion. The transformation method presented here for cowpea using mannose selection is efficient and reproducible, and could be used to introduce a desirable gene(s) into cowpea for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvika Bakshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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