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Veremeichik GN, Bulgakov DV, Konnova YA, Brodovskaya EV, Grigorchuk VP, Bulgakov VP. Proteome-Level Investigation of Vitis amurensis Calli Transformed with a Constitutively Active, Ca 2+-Independent Form of the Arabidopsis AtCPK1 Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13184. [PMID: 37685990 PMCID: PMC10487732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are one of the main Ca2+ decoders in plants. Among them, Arabidopsis thaliana AtCPK1 is one of the most studied CDPK genes as a positive regulator of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. The mutated form of AtCPK1, in which the autoinhibitory domain is inactivated (AtCPK1-Ca), provides constitutive kinase activity by mimicking a stress-induced increase in the Ca2+ flux. In the present study, we performed a proteomic analysis of Vitis amurensis calli overexpressing the AtCPK1-Ca form using untransformed calli as a control. In our previous studies, we have shown that the overexpression of this mutant form leads to the activation of secondary metabolism in plant cell cultures, including an increase in resveratrol biosynthesis in V. amurensis cell cultures. We analyzed upregulated and downregulated proteins in control and transgenic callus cultures using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and Matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). In calli transformed with AtCPK1-Ca, an increased amounts of pathogenesis-related proteins were found. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina N. Veremeichik
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.V.B.); (V.P.G.); (V.P.B.)
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Wang P, Wei J, Hua X, Dong G, Dziedzic K, Wahab AT, Efferth T, Sun W, Ma P. Plant anthraquinones: Classification, distribution, biosynthesis, and regulation. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37393608 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthraquinones are polycyclic compounds with an unsaturated diketone structure (quinoid moiety). As important secondary metabolites of plants, anthraquinones play an important role in the response of many biological processes and environmental factors. Anthraquinones are common in the human diet and have a variety of biological activities including anticancer, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities that reduce disease risk. The biological activity of anthraquinones depends on the substitution pattern of their hydroxyl groups on the anthraquinone ring structure. However, there is still a lack of systematic summary on the distribution, classification, and biosynthesis of plant anthraquinones. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the research progress of the distribution, classification, biosynthesis, and regulation of plant anthraquinones. Additionally, we discuss future opportunities in anthraquinone research, including biotechnology, therapeutic products, and dietary anthraquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Hua
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Krzysztof Dziedzic
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznan' University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Atia-Tul Wahab
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Murthy HN, Joseph KS, Paek KY, Park SY. Anthraquinone Production from Cell and Organ Cultures of Rubia Species: An Overview. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010039. [PMID: 36676964 PMCID: PMC9861034 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rubia genus includes major groups of medicinal plants such as Rubia cordifolia, Rubia tinctorum, and Rubia akane. They contain anthraquinones (AQs), particularly alizarin and purpurin, which have pharmacological effects that are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hemostatic, antibacterial, and more. Alizarin and purpurin have been utilized as natural dyes for cotton, silk, and wool fabrics since the dawn of time. These substances have been used in the cosmetics and food industries to color products. The amount of AQs in different Rubia species is minimal. In order to produce these compounds, researchers have established cell and organ cultures. Investigations have been conducted into numerous chemical and physical parameters that affect the biomass and accumulation of secondary metabolites in a cell, callus, hairy root, and adventitious root suspension cultures. This article offers numerous techniques and approaches used to produce biomass and secondary metabolites from the Rubia species. Additionally, it has been emphasized that cells can be grown in bioreactor cultures to produce AQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
- Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.N.M.); (S.Y.P.)
| | | | - Kee Yoeup Paek
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.N.M.); (S.Y.P.)
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4
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Vasyutkina EA, Yugay YA, Grigorchuk VP, Grishchenko OV, Sorokina MR, Yaroshenko YL, Kudinova OD, Stepochkina VD, Bulgakov VP, Shkryl YN. Effect of Stress Signals and Ib-rolB/C Overexpression on Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis in Cell Cultures of Ipomoea batatas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315100. [PMID: 36499423 PMCID: PMC9740395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ipomoea batatas is a vital root crop and a source of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives (CQAs) with potential health-promoting benefits. As a naturally transgenic plant, I. batatas contains cellular T-DNA (cT-DNA) sequence homologs of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes open reading frame (ORF)14, ORF17n, rooting locus (Rol)B/RolC, ORF13, and ORF18/ORF17n of unknown function. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of abiotic stresses (temperature, ultraviolet, and light) and chemical elicitors (methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and sodium nitroprusside) on the biosynthesis of CQAs and cT-DNA gene expression in I. batatas cell culture as a model system. Among all the applied treatments, ultraviolet irradiation, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid caused the maximal accumulation of secondary compounds. We also discovered that I. batatas cT-DNA genes were not expressed in cell culture, and the studied conditions weakly affected their transcriptional levels. However, the Ib-rolB/C gene expressed under the strong 35S CaMV promoter increased the CQAs content by 1.5-1.9-fold. Overall, our results show that cT-DNA-encoded transgenes are not involved in stress- and chemical elicitor-induced CQAs accumulation in cell cultures of I. batatas. Nevertheless, overaccumulation of RolB/RolC transcripts potentiates the secondary metabolism of sweet potatoes through a currently unknown mechanism. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms linked with CQAs biosynthesis in cell culture of naturally transgenic food crops, i.e., sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Vasyutkina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Yugay
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Valeria P. Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Olga V. Grishchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Maria R. Sorokina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Yulia L. Yaroshenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Olesya D. Kudinova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Varvara D. Stepochkina
- Advanced Engineering School, Institute of Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Food Systems, Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok 690922, Russia
| | - Victor P. Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Yury N. Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4232-312129; Fax: +7-4232-310193
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ABA-Dependent Regulation of Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Gene GmCDPK5 in Cultivated and Wild Soybeans. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101576. [PMID: 36295011 PMCID: PMC9604703 DOI: 10.3390/life12101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) regulate plant development and stress responses. However, the interaction of these protein kinases with the abscisic acid (ABA) stress hormone signalling system has not been studied in detail. In Arabidopsis, AtCPK1 plays an important role in the acclimation of plants to environmental stresses. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses showed that, among 50 isoforms of Glycine max (L.) Merrill CDPKs, the GmCDPK27/GmCDPK48, GmCDPK5/GmCDPK24, and GmCDPK10/GmCDPK46 paralogous pairs were the isoforms most related to AtCDPK1. We investigated the expression of the corresponding six GmCDPKs genes during treatment with cold, heat, and salt stress. Wild soybean was the most resistant to stresses, and among the three cultivars studied (Sfera, Hodgson, and Hefeng25), Sfera was close to the wild type in terms of resistance. GmCDPK5 and GmCDPK10 were the most responsive to stress treatments, especially in wild soybean, compared with cultivars. Among the studied GmCDPK isoforms, only GmCDPK5 expression increased after treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Targeted LC-MS/MS analysis of endogenous ABA levels showed that wild soybean and Sfera had nearly twice the ABA content of Hodgson and Hefeng25. An analysis of the expression of marker genes involved in ABA biosynthesis showed that GmNCED1-gene-encoding 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 is induced to the greatest extent in wild soybean and Sfera under salt, cold, and heat exposure. Our data established a correlation between the induction of GmCDPK5 and ABA biosynthesis genes. GmCDPK5 is an interesting target for genetic and bioengineering purposes and can be used for genetic editing, overexpression, or as a marker gene in soybean varieties growing under unfavourable conditions.
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Balabanova L, Seitkalieva A, Yugay Y, Rusapetova T, Slepchenko L, Podvolotskaya A, Yatsunskaya M, Vasyutkina E, Son O, Tekutyeva L, Shkryl Y. Engineered Fungus Thermothelomyces thermophilus Producing Plant Storage Proteins. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020119. [PMID: 35205873 PMCID: PMC8877005 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation based on the plant binary vector pPZP-RCS2 was carried out for the multiple heterologous protein production in filamentous fungus Thermothelomyces thermophilus F-859 (formerly Myceliophthora thermophila F-859). The engineered fungus Th. thermophilus was able to produce plant storage proteins of Zea mays (α-zein Z19) and Amaranthus hypochondriacus (albumin A1) to enrich fungal biomass by valuable nutritional proteins and improved amino acid content. The mRNA levels of z19 and a1 genes were significantly dependent on their driving promoters: the promoter of tryptophan synthase (PtrpC) was more efficient to express a1, while the promoter of translation elongation factor (Ptef) provided much higher levels of z19 transcript abundance. In general, the total recombinant proteins and amino acid contents were higher in the Ptef-containing clones. This work describes a new strategy to improve mycoprotein nutritive value by overexpression of plant storage proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Balabanova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Seitkalieva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Yulia Yugay
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.Y.); (T.R.); (M.Y.); (E.V.)
| | - Tatiana Rusapetova
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.Y.); (T.R.); (M.Y.); (E.V.)
| | - Lubov Slepchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (L.B.); (A.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Anna Podvolotskaya
- Department of Bioeconomy and Food Security, Far Eastern Federal University, B417 Office, Bldg. 20, Ajax St., Russky Island, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.P.); (O.S.); (L.T.)
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, Centralnay St. 42, 692481 Volno-Nadezhdinskoye, Primorsky Krai, Russia
| | - Margarita Yatsunskaya
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.Y.); (T.R.); (M.Y.); (E.V.)
| | - Elena Vasyutkina
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.Y.); (T.R.); (M.Y.); (E.V.)
| | - Oksana Son
- Department of Bioeconomy and Food Security, Far Eastern Federal University, B417 Office, Bldg. 20, Ajax St., Russky Island, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.P.); (O.S.); (L.T.)
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, Centralnay St. 42, 692481 Volno-Nadezhdinskoye, Primorsky Krai, Russia
| | - Liudmila Tekutyeva
- Department of Bioeconomy and Food Security, Far Eastern Federal University, B417 Office, Bldg. 20, Ajax St., Russky Island, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.P.); (O.S.); (L.T.)
- ARNIKA, Territory of PDA Nadezhdinskaya, Centralnay St. 42, 692481 Volno-Nadezhdinskoye, Primorsky Krai, Russia
| | - Yury Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (Y.Y.); (T.R.); (M.Y.); (E.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4232-312-129; Fax: +7-4232-310-193
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7
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Makhazen DS, Veremeichik GN, Shkryl YN, Tchernoded GK, Grigorchuk VP, Bulgakov VP. Inhibition of the JAZ1 gene causes activation of camalexin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis callus cultures. J Biotechnol 2021; 342:102-113. [PMID: 34736953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Indole alkaloid camalexin has potential medicinal properties such as suppressing the viability of leukemic but not normal cells. Camalexin is not produced in plants and an external factor is required to activate its biosynthesis. In this work, we stimulated camalexin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis calli by blocking one of repressors of the jasmonate pathway, the jasmonate ZIM-domain protein 1 (JAZ1) by using amiRNA targeting JAZ1 gene transcripts. Inhibition of the JAZ1 gene led to an increase in camalexin content from trace amounts in control culture to 9 µg/g DW in the jaz1 line without affecting growth. In addition, JAZ1 silencing enhanced tolerance to cold stress with simultaneous increasing camalexin content up to 30 µg/g DW. Real-time quantitative PCR determination of marker gene expression showed that effects caused by the JAZ1 silencing might be realized through crosslinking JA, ROS, and abscisic acid signaling pathways. Thus, targeting the distal components of signaling pathways can be suggested as a tool for bioengineering of secondary metabolism, along with standard techniques for targeting biosynthetic genes or genes encoding transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Makhazen
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - G N Veremeichik
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Y N Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - G K Tchernoded
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - V P Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - V P Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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8
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Shkryl Y, Rusapetova T, Yugay Y, Egorova A, Silant’ev V, Grigorchuk V, Karabtsov A, Timofeeva Y, Vasyutkina E, Kudinova O, Ivanov V, Kumeiko V, Bulgakov V. Biosynthesis and Cytotoxic Properties of Ag, Au, and Bimetallic Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Lithospermum erythrorhizon Callus Culture Extract. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9305. [PMID: 34502210 PMCID: PMC8431615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports a green chemistry approach for the rapid and easy biological synthesis of silver (Ag), gold (Au), and bimetallic Ag/Au nanoparticles using the callus extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon as a reducing and capping agent. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized with ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our results showed the formation of crystalline metal nanostructures of both spherical and non-spherical shape. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy showed the characteristic peaks in the silver and gold regions, confirming the presence of the corresponding elements in the monometallic particles and both elements in the bimetallic particles. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy affirmed the role of polysaccharides and polyphenols of the L. erythrorhizon extract as the major reducing and capping agents for metal ions. In addition, our results showed that the polysaccharide sample and the fraction containing secondary metabolites isolated from L. erythrorhizon were both able to produce large amounts of metallic nanoparticles. The biosynthesized nanoparticles demonstrated cytotoxicity against mouse neuroblastoma and embryonic fibroblast cells, which was considerably higher for Ag nanoparticles and for bimetallic Ag/Au nanoparticles containing a higher molar ratio of silver. However, fibroblast migration was not significantly affected by any of the nanoparticles tested. The obtained results provide a new example of the safe biological production of metallic nanoparticles, but further study is required to uncover the mechanism of their toxicity so that the biomedical potency can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.R.); (Y.Y.); (V.G.); (Y.T.); (E.V.); (O.K.); (V.B.)
| | - Tatiana Rusapetova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.R.); (Y.Y.); (V.G.); (Y.T.); (E.V.); (O.K.); (V.B.)
| | - Yulia Yugay
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.R.); (Y.Y.); (V.G.); (Y.T.); (E.V.); (O.K.); (V.B.)
| | - Anna Egorova
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Silant’ev
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia;
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valeria Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.R.); (Y.Y.); (V.G.); (Y.T.); (E.V.); (O.K.); (V.B.)
| | - Aleksandr Karabtsov
- Far Eastern Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.K.); (V.I.)
| | - Yana Timofeeva
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.R.); (Y.Y.); (V.G.); (Y.T.); (E.V.); (O.K.); (V.B.)
| | - Elena Vasyutkina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.R.); (Y.Y.); (V.G.); (Y.T.); (E.V.); (O.K.); (V.B.)
| | - Olesya Kudinova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.R.); (Y.Y.); (V.G.); (Y.T.); (E.V.); (O.K.); (V.B.)
| | - Vladimir Ivanov
- Far Eastern Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.K.); (V.I.)
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia;
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Victor Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.R.); (Y.Y.); (V.G.); (Y.T.); (E.V.); (O.K.); (V.B.)
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9
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The Genetic Regulation of Secondary Metabolic Pathways in Response to Salinity and Drought as Abiotic Stresses. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11156668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Global development has generated a plethora of unfavorable and adverse environmental factors for the living organisms in the ecosystem. Plants are sessile organisms, and they are crucial to sustain life on earth. Since plants are sessile, they face a great number of environmental challenges related to abiotic stresses, such as temperature fluctuation, drought, salinity, flood and metal contamination. Salinity and drought are considered major abiotic stresses that negatively affect the plants’ growth and production of useful content. However, plants have evolved various molecular mechanisms to increase their tolerance to these environmental stresses. There is a whole complex system of communication (cross-talk) through massive signaling cascades that are activated and modulated in response to salinity and drought. Secondary metabolites are believed to play significant roles in the plant’s response and resistance to salinity and drought stress. Until recently, attempts to unravel the biosynthetic pathways were limited mainly due to the inadequate plant genomics resources. However, recent advancements in generating high-throughput “omics” datasets, computational tools and functional genomics approach integration have aided in the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways of many plant bioactive metabolites. This review gathers comprehensive knowledge of plants’ complex system that is involved in the response and resistance to salinity and water deficit stresses as abiotic stress. Additionally, it offers clues in determining the genes involved in this complex and measures its activity. It covers basic information regarding the signaling molecules involved in salinity and drought resistance and how plant hormones regulate the cross-talking mechanism with emphasis on transcriptional activity. Moreover, it discusses many studies that illustrate the relationship between salinity and drought and secondary metabolite production. Furthermore, several transcriptome analysis research papers of medicinal plants are illustrated. The aim of this review is to be a key for any researcher that is aspiring to study the relationship between salinity and drought stresses and secondary metabolite production at the transcriptome and transcription level.
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Veremeichik GN, Shkryl YN, Gorpenchenko TY, Silantieva SA, Avramenko TV, Brodovskaya EV, Bulgakov VP. Inactivation of the auto-inhibitory domain in Arabidopsis AtCPK1 leads to increased salt, cold and heat tolerance in the AtCPK1-transformed Rubia cordifolia L cell cultures. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:372-382. [PMID: 33444896 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are essential regulators of plant growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress responses. Inactivation of the auto-inhibitory domain (AID) of CDPKs provides the constitutive activity. This study investigated the effect of overexpressed native and constitutive active (AtCPK1-Ca) forms of the AtCPK1 gene on abiotic stress tolerance and the ROS/redox system in Rubia cordifolia transgenic callus lines. Overexpression of the native AtCPK1 increased tolerance to salinity and cold almost in two times, when AtCPK1-Ca - in three times compare to control culture. A more interesting effect of overexpression of the AtCPK1 and AtCPK1-Ca was observed for heat resistance. The native form of AtCPK1 increased resistance to heating by 45%, while the AtCPK1-Ca increased by 80%. At the same time, another type of mutation of the AID (AtCPK1-Na, not active) did not affect the tolerance of the cell culture to stresses. We suppose, in this process, the ROS/redox system might be involved. Levels of intracellular ROS, ROS-generating enzymes expression and activities (Rbohs, Prx) and ROS-detoxifying enzymes (SOD, Cat, Apx and Prx) changed in a coordinated manner and in strict interconnection, depending of the callus growth phase and correlated with improved stress tolerance caused by AtCPK1. Because overexpression of both the AtCPK1 and AtCPK1-Ca did not significantly change callus growth, we propose that inactivation of AID of the AtCPK1 or its ortholog, might be an interesting instrument for improvement of plant cells resistance to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Veremeichik
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
| | - Y N Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - T Y Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - S A Silantieva
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - T V Avramenko
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
| | - E V Brodovskaya
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - V P Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
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Veremeichik GN, Bulgakov VP, Shkryl YN, Silantieva SA, Makhazen DS, Tchernoded GK, Mischenko NP, Fedoreyev SA, Vasileva EA. Activation of anthraquinone biosynthesis in long-cultured callus culture of Rubia cordifolia transformed with the rolA plant oncogene. J Biotechnol 2019; 306:38-46. [PMID: 31526834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The RolA protein belongs to the RolB class of plant T-DNA oncogenes, and shares structural similarity with the papilloma virus E2 DNA-binding domain. It has potentially as an inducer of plant secondary metabolism, although its role in biotechnology has yet to be realised. In this investigation, a Rubia cordifolia callus culture transformed with the rolA plant oncogene for more than 10 years was analysed. Expression of the rolA gene in the callus line was stable during long-term cultivation, and growth parameters were both elevated and stable, exceeding those of the non-transformed control culture. The rolA-transformed calli not only demonstrated remarkably stable growth, but also the ability to increase the yield of anthraquinones (AQs) in long-term cultivation. After ten years of cultivating rolA callus lines, we observed an activation of AQ biosynthesis from 200 mg/l to 874 mg/l. The increase was mainly due to activation of ruberitrinic acid biosynthesis. The expression of key AQ biosynthesis genes was strongly activated in rolA-transgenic calli. We compared the effects of the rolA gene with those of the rolB gene, which was previously considered the most potent inducer of secondary metabolism, and showed that rolA was more productive under conditions of long-term cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Veremeichik
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
| | - V P Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
| | - Y N Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - S A Silantieva
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - D S Makhazen
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - G K Tchernoded
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - N P Mischenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - S A Fedoreyev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - E A Vasileva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
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12
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13
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Shkryl YN, Veremeichik GN, Kamenev DG, Gorpenchenko TY, Yugay YA, Mashtalyar DV, Nepomnyaschiy AV, Avramenko TV, Karabtsov AA, Ivanov VV, Bulgakov VP, Gnedenkov SV, Kulchin YN, Zhuravlev YN. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using transgenic Nicotiana tabacum callus culture expressing silicatein gene from marine sponge Latrunculia oparinae. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:1646-1658. [PMID: 29022401 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1388248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, transgenic tobacco callus cultures and plants overexpressing the silicatein gene LoSilA1 from marine sponge Latrunculia oparinae were obtained and their bioreduction behaviour for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was studied. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic flame electron microscopy (AFM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Our measurements showed that the reduction of silver nitrate produced spherical AgNPs with diameters in the range of 12-80 nm. The results of XRD analysis proved the crystal nature of the obtained AgNPs. FTIR analysis indicated that particles are reduced and stabilized in solution by the capping agent, which is likely to be proteins present in the callus extract. Interestingly, the reduction potential of LoSiLA1-transgenic callus line was increased three-fold compared with the empty vector-transformed calli. The synthesized AgNPs were found to exhibit strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The present study reports the first evidence for using genetic engineering for activation of the reduction potential of plant cells for synthesis of biocidal AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri N Shkryl
- a Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Department of Biotechnology, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Galina N Veremeichik
- a Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Department of Biotechnology, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Dmitriy G Kamenev
- a Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Department of Biotechnology, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Tatiana Y Gorpenchenko
- a Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Department of Biotechnology, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Yulia A Yugay
- a Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Department of Biotechnology, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Dmitriy V Mashtalyar
- b Institute of Chemistry , Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Aleksander V Nepomnyaschiy
- c Institute for Automation and Control Processes , Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Science , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Tatiana V Avramenko
- a Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Department of Biotechnology, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Karabtsov
- d Far East Geological Institute , Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Vladimir V Ivanov
- d Far East Geological Institute , Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Victor P Bulgakov
- a Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Department of Biotechnology, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
- e Far Eastern Federal University, School of Natural Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Sergey V Gnedenkov
- b Institute of Chemistry , Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Yury N Kulchin
- c Institute for Automation and Control Processes , Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Science , Vladivostok , Russia
| | - Yury N Zhuravlev
- a Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Department of Biotechnology, Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia
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Deng Y, Zheng H, Yan Z, Liao D, Li C, Zhou J, Liao H. Full-Length Transcriptome Survey and Expression Analysis of Cassia obtusifolia to Discover Putative Genes Related to Aurantio-Obtusin Biosynthesis, Seed Formation and Development, and Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092476. [PMID: 30134624 PMCID: PMC6163539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The seed is the pharmaceutical and breeding organ of Cassia obtusifolia, a well-known medical herb containing aurantio-obtusin (a kind of anthraquinone), food, and landscape. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of the biosynthesis of aurantio-obtusin, seed formation and development, and stress response of C. obtusifolia, it is necessary to understand the genomics information. Although previous seed transcriptome of C. obtusifolia has been carried out by short-read next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, the vast majority of the resulting unigenes did not represent full-length cDNA sequences and supply enough gene expression profile information of the various organs or tissues. In this study, fifteen cDNA libraries, which were constructed from the seed, root, stem, leaf, and flower (three repetitions with each organ) of C. obtusifolia, were sequenced using hybrid approach combining single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and NGS platform. More than 4,315,774 long reads with 9.66 Gb sequencing data and 361,427,021 short reads with 108.13 Gb sequencing data were generated by SMRT and NGS platform, respectively. 67,222 consensus isoforms were clustered from the reads and 81.73% (61,016) of which were longer than 1000 bp. Furthermore, the 67,222 consensus isoforms represented 58,106 nonredundant transcripts, 98.25% (57,092) of which were annotated and 25,573 of which were assigned to specific metabolic pathways by KEGG. CoDXS and CoDXR genes were directly used for functional characterization to validate the accuracy of sequences obtained from transcriptome. A total of 658 seed-specific transcripts indicated their special roles in physiological processes in seed. Analysis of transcripts which were involved in the early stage of anthraquinone biosynthesis suggested that the aurantio-obtusin in C. obtusifolia was mainly generated from isochorismate and Mevalonate/methylerythritol phosphate (MVA/MEP) pathway, and three reactions catalyzed by Menaquinone-specific isochorismate synthase (ICS), 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPPS) might be the limited steps. Several seed-specific CYPs, SAM-dependent methyltransferase, and UDP-glycosyltransferase (UDPG) supplied promising candidate genes in the late stage of anthraquinone biosynthesis. In addition, four seed-specific transcriptional factors including three MYB Transcription Factor (MYB) and one MADS-box Transcription Factor (MADS) transcriptional factors) and alternative splicing might be involved with seed formation and development. Meanwhile, most members of Hsp20 genes showed high expression level in seed and flower; seven of which might have chaperon activities under various abiotic stresses. Finally, the expressional patterns of genes with particular interests showed similar trends in both transcriptome assay and qRT-PCR. In conclusion, this is the first full-length transcriptome sequencing reported in Caesalpiniaceae family, and thus providing a more complete insight into aurantio-obtusin biosynthesis, seed formation and development, and stress response as well in C. obtusifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Deng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Hui Zheng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Zicheng Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Dongying Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Chaolin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Hai Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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15
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Huang K, Peng L, Liu Y, Yao R, Liu Z, Li X, Yang Y, Wang J. Arabidopsis calcium-dependent protein kinase AtCPK1 plays a positive role in salt/drought-stress response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 498:92-98. [PMID: 29196259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play vital roles in plant response to various environmental stimuli. Here, we investigated the function of Arabidopsis AtCPK1 in response to salt and drought stress. The loss-of-function cpk1 mutant displayed hypersensitive to salt and drought stress, whereas overexpressing AtCPK1 in Arabidopsis plants significantly enhanced the resistance to salt or drought stress. The reduced or elevated tolerance of cpk1 mutant and AtCPK1-overexpressing lines was confirmed by the changes of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of several stress-inducible genes (RD29A, COR15A, ZAT10, APX2) down-regulated in cpk1 mutant and up-regulated in AtCPK1-overexpressing plants. These results are likely to indicate that AtCPK1 positively regulates salt and drought stress in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Rundong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
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Veremeichik G, Grigorchuk V, Shkryl Y, Bulgakov D, Silantieva S, Bulgakov V. Induction of resveratrol biosynthesis in Vitis amurensis cells by heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis constitutively active, Ca2+-independent form of the AtCPK1 gene. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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