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Ding Z, Wang X, Zou T, Hao X, Zhang Q, Sun B, Du W. Climate warming has divergent physiological impacts on sympatric lizards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168992. [PMID: 38052387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is expected to affect the vulnerability of sympatric species differentially due to their divergent traits, but the underlying physiological mechanisms of those impacts are poorly understood. We conducted field warming experiments (present climate vs. warm climate) using open-top chambers to determine the effects of climate warming on active body temperature, oxidative damage, immune competence, growth and survival in two sympatric desert-dwelling lizards, Eremias multiocellata and Eremias argus from May 2019 to September 2020. Our climate warming treatment did not affect survival of the two species, but it did increase active body temperatures and growth rate in E. multiocellata compared to E. argus. Climate warming also induced greater oxidative damage (higher malondialdehyde content and catalase activity) in E. multiocellata, but not in E. argus. Further, climate warming increased immune competence in E. multiocellata, but decreased immune competence in E. argus, with regards to white blood cell counts, bacteria killing ability and relative expression of immunoglobulin M. Our results suggest that climate warming enhances body temperature, and thereby oxidative stress, immune competence and growth in E. multiocellata, but decreases immune competence of E. argus, perhaps as a cost of thermoregulation to maintain body temperatures under climate warming. The divergent physiological effects of climate warming on sympatric species may have profound ecological consequences if it eventually leads to changes in reproductive activities, population dynamics and community structure. Our study highlights the importance of considering interspecific differences in physiological traits when we evaluate the impact of climate warming on organisms, even for those closely-related species coexisting within the same geographical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tingting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baojun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiguo Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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2
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Yousefkhani SSH, Nabizadeh H, Grismer LL. Ecomorphological differences among forest and rock dwelling species of Darevskia Arribas, 1999 (Squamata, Lacertide) in the Elburz Mountains, Iran. HERPETOZOA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e95257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological pressure is the major driver of morphological adaptation. Different habitat preferences even among closely related species, often result in the evolution of different body shapes. In the present study, we employed geometric morphometric and principal component analyses (PCA) to compare body shape and head plate morphology among seven species in the genus Darevskia Arribas, 1999 from the Elburz Mountains, Iran that occur in either rocky or forested habitats. The geometric morphometric analysis and the PCA of meristic characters recovered a wide degree of overlap between the rock and forest dwelling species. The PCA of the morphometric characters showed wide separation among the rock and forest dwelling species as well as among some of the rock dwelling species. These results strongly suggest that body shape is correlated with the habitat type whereas head plate morphology and scale meristics are not. Furthermore, the results suggest that the rock dwelling species may be occupying and navigating their microhabitat in different ways. Ecological observations are needed to test this hypothesis.
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3
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Ariano‐Sánchez D, Mortensen RM, Wilson RP, Bjureke P, Reinhardt S, Rosell F. Temperature and barometric pressure affect the activity intensity and movement of an endangered thermoconforming lizard. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ariano‐Sánchez
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences University of South‐Eastern Norway Bø Telemark Norway
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales y Biodiversidad Universidad del Valle de Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemala
| | - Rasmus M. Mortensen
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences University of South‐Eastern Norway Bø Telemark Norway
| | - Rory P. Wilson
- Biosciences, College of Science Swansea University Swansea Wales UK
| | - Peder Bjureke
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences University of South‐Eastern Norway Bø Telemark Norway
| | - Stefanie Reinhardt
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences University of South‐Eastern Norway Bø Telemark Norway
| | - Frank Rosell
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences University of South‐Eastern Norway Bø Telemark Norway
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4
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Giacometti D, Yagi KT, Abney CR, Jung MP, Tattersall GJ. Staying warm is not always the norm: behavioural differences in thermoregulation of two snake species. CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermal biology research compares field with laboratory data to elucidate the evolution of temperature-sensitive traits in ectotherms. The hidden challenge of many of these studies is discerning whether animals actively thermoregulate, since motivation is not typically assessed. By studying the behaviours involved in thermoregulation, we can better understand the mechanisms underlying body temperature control. Using an integrative approach, we assessed the thermoregulatory and thermotactic behaviours of two sympatric snake species with contrasting life histories: the generalist Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis ( Linnaeus, 1758 )) and the semi-fossorial Northern Red-bellied Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata ( Storer, 1839 )). We expected that thermoregulatory behaviours would be optimized based on life history, in that T. s. sirtalis would show higher evidence for thermally oriented behaviours than S. o. occipitomaculata due to its active nature. Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis actively thermoregulated, had higher thermal preferences (29.4 ± 2.5 vs. 25.3 ± 3.6 °C), and was more active than S. o. occipitomaculata, which showed relatively low evidence for thermotaxis. Our results build on the notion that evaluating movement patterns and rostral orientation towards a heat source can help ascertain whether animals make thermally motivated choices. Our data provide insight into the thermoregulatory strategies used by snakes with different life histories and maximize the information provided by behavioural thermoregulation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Giacometti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Katharine T. Yagi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Curtis R. Abney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Matthew P. Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Glenn J. Tattersall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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5
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Jiménez-Robles O, Miranda-Calle AB, De la Riva I. Lizard Oviparity at High Elevations?The Case of the Bolivian Endemic Liolaemus variegatus. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-18-00071.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Jiménez-Robles
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - A. Bruno Miranda-Calle
- Colección Boliviana de Fauna, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Ignacio De la Riva
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Rozen‐Rechels D, Rutschmann A, DupouÉ A, Blaimont P, Chauveau V, Miles DB, Guillon M, Richard M, Badiane A, Meylan S, Clobert J, Le Galliard J. Interaction of hydric and thermal conditions drive geographic variation in thermoregulation in a widespread lizard. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Rozen‐Rechels
- Sorbonne Université CNRS IRD INRA Institut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement (IEES) 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 France
| | - Alexis Rutschmann
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland 3A Symonds Street Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - AndrÉaz DupouÉ
- Sorbonne Université CNRS IRD INRA Institut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement (IEES) 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 France
| | - Pauline Blaimont
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95060 USA
- Department of Biology Rider University 2083 Lawrenceville Road Lawrenceville New Jersey08648 USA
| | - Victor Chauveau
- Sorbonne Université CNRS IRD INRA Institut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement (IEES) 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 France
| | - Donald B. Miles
- Department of Biological Sciences Ohio University Athens Ohio 45701 USA
| | - Michael Guillon
- Centre d’Études Biologiques de Chizé CNRS La Rochelle Université 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière Villiers‐en‐Bois 79360 France
| | - Murielle Richard
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE) USR5321CNRS Moulis09200France
| | - Arnaud Badiane
- Sorbonne Université CNRS IRD INRA Institut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement (IEES) 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 France
| | - Sandrine Meylan
- Sorbonne Université CNRS IRD INRA Institut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement (IEES) 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 France
- Sorbonne Université ESPE de Paris 10 rue Molitor Paris 75016 France
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE) USR5321CNRS Moulis09200France
| | - Jean‐François Le Galliard
- Sorbonne Université CNRS IRD INRA Institut d’écologie et des sciences de l’environnement (IEES) 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 France
- Département de biologie Ecole normale supérieure Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP‐Ecotron IleDeFrance) CNRS PSL University Saint‐Pierre‐lès‐Nemours 77140 France
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7
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Behavioural thermoregulation by the endangered crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) in captivity. J Therm Biol 2020; 93:102731. [PMID: 33077142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that may affect behavioural thermoregulation of endangered reptiles is important for their conservation because thermoregulation determines body temperatures and in turn physiological functions of these ectotherms. Here we measured seasonal variation in operative environmental temperature (Te), body temperature (Tb), and microhabitat use of endangered crocodile lizards (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) from a captive population, within open and shaded enclosures, to understand how they respond to thermally challenging environments. Te was higher in open enclosures than in shaded enclosures. The Tb of lizards differed between the open and shaded enclosures in summer and autumn, but not in spring. In summer, crocodile lizards stayed in the water to avoid overheating, whereas in autumn, crocodile lizards perched on branches seeking optimal thermal environments. Crocodile lizards showed higher thermoregulatory effectiveness in open enclosures (with low thermal quality) than in shaded enclosures. Our study suggests that the crocodile lizard is capable of behavioural thermoregulation via microhabitat selection, although overall, it is not an effective thermoregulator. Therefore, maintaining diverse thermal environments in natural habitats for behavioural thermoregulation is an essential measure to conserve this endangered species both in the field and captivity.
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8
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Yurchenko AA, Recknagel H, Elmer KR. Chromosome-Level Assembly of the Common Lizard (Zootoca vivipara) Genome. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:1953-1960. [PMID: 32835354 PMCID: PMC7643610 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamate reptiles exhibit high variation in their phenotypic traits and geographical distributions and are therefore fascinating taxa for evolutionary and ecological research. However, genomic resources are very limited for this group of species, consequently inhibiting research efforts. To address this gap, we assembled a high-quality genome of the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara (Lacertidae), using a combination of high coverage Illumina (shotgun and mate-pair) and PacBio sequencing data, coupled with RNAseq data and genetic linkage map generation. The 1.46-Gb genome assembly has a scaffold N50 of 11.52 Mb with N50 contig size of 220.4 kb and only 2.96% gaps. A BUSCO analysis indicates that 97.7% of the single-copy Tetrapoda orthologs were recovered in the assembly. In total, 19,829 gene models were annotated to the genome using a combination of ab initio and homology-based methods. To improve the chromosome-level assembly, we generated a high-density linkage map from wild-caught families and developed a novel analytical pipeline to accommodate multiple paternity and unknown father genotypes. We successfully anchored and oriented almost 90% of the genome on 19 linkage groups. This annotated and oriented chromosome-level reference genome represents a valuable resource to facilitate evolutionary studies in squamate reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Yurchenko
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Recknagel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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9
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Rozen-Rechels D, Farigoule P, Agostini S, Badiane A, Meylan S, Le Galliard JF. Short-term change in water availability influences thermoregulation behaviours in a dry-skinned ectotherm. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2099-2110. [PMID: 32535907 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic models of terrestrial ectotherms predict that climate warming will induce activity restriction due to heat stress and loss of shade, leading to the extinction of numerous populations. Such models rely on the assumption that activity patterns are dictated by simple temperature thresholds independent of changes in water availability. However, changes in water availability may further influence thermoregulation behaviour of ectotherms through dehydration risk perception, changes in water balance or changes in microclimatic conditions. Here, we experimentally assess the interactive effects of thermal conditions and water availability on activity patterns, shade selection and thermoregulation efficiency in a model ectothermic species. Thermoregulation behaviour of adult common lizards Zootoca vivipara was monitored in outdoor mesocosms as we manipulated water availability, providing water as mist in the morning and free-standing water during the daytime. We recorded operative temperatures and micro-meteorological conditions to infer thermal constraints and dehydration risk. Activity and shade selection were better predicted by continuous changes in thermal conditions and dehydration risk, respectively, than by threshold functions. In addition, water supplementation increased activity in males and reduced shade selection in both sexes, most probably as a behavioural response to the perception of a stronger dehydration risk. Water supplementation also influenced the thermal quality of the environment, which in turn altered daily activity patterns and thermoregulation statistics. This demonstrates that dual effects of heat and water stress on activity patterns may lead to stronger activity restriction as a result of climate change than currently predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rozen-Rechels
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), CNRS, IRD, INRA, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Farigoule
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), CNRS, IRD, INRA, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Simon Agostini
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
| | - Arnaud Badiane
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), CNRS, IRD, INRA, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Meylan
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), CNRS, IRD, INRA, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSPE de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), CNRS, IRD, INRA, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
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10
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Plasman M, Bautista A, McCUE MD, DÍaz DE LA Vega-PÉrez AH. Resting metabolic rates increase with elevation in a mountain-dwelling lizard. Integr Zool 2020; 15:363-374. [PMID: 32306560 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Individuals that inhabit broad elevational ranges may experience unique environmental challenges. Because temperature decreases with increased elevation, the ectotherms living at high elevations have to manage limited activity time and high thermoregulatory effort. The resting metabolic rate (RMR) of a postabsorptive animal is related to its total energy requirements as well as many other fitness traits. Mesquite lizards (Sceloporus grammicus) living on La Malinche Volcano, Mexico, inhabit a wide elevational range with some populations apparently thriving above the tree line. We measured the RMR of lizards from different elevations (i.e., 2,600, 3,200, and 4,100 m) at four ecologically relevant temperatures (i.e., 15, 25, 30, and 35 °C) and found that RMR of mesquite lizards increased with temperature and body mass. More importantly, lizards from the high-elevation population had mass specific RMR that was higher at all temperatures. While the higher RMRs of high-elevation populations imply higher metabolic costs at a given temperature these lizards were also smaller. Both of these traits may allow these high elevation populations to thrive in the face of the thermal challenges imposed by their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Plasman
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Amando Bautista
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | | | - Aníbal H DÍaz DE LA Vega-PÉrez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
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11
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Rozen‐Rechels D, Badiane A, Agostini S, Meylan S, Le Galliard J. Water restriction induces behavioral fight but impairs thermoregulation in a dry‐skinned ectotherm. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Rozen‐Rechels
- Inst. d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), Sorbonne Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA 4 Place Jussieu FR‐75252 Paris Cedex 5 France
| | - Arnaud Badiane
- Inst. d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), Sorbonne Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA 4 Place Jussieu FR‐75252 Paris Cedex 5 France
| | - Simon Agostini
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP‐Ecotron IleDeFrance), Dépt de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL Univ. Saint‐Pierre‐lès‐Nemours France
| | - Sandrine Meylan
- Inst. d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), Sorbonne Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA 4 Place Jussieu FR‐75252 Paris Cedex 5 France
- Sorbonne Université, ESPE de Paris Paris France
| | - Jean‐François Le Galliard
- Inst. d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement (IEES), Sorbonne Univ., CNRS, IRD, INRA 4 Place Jussieu FR‐75252 Paris Cedex 5 France
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP‐Ecotron IleDeFrance), Dépt de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL Univ. Saint‐Pierre‐lès‐Nemours France
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12
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Garcia-Porta J, Irisarri I, Kirchner M, Rodríguez A, Kirchhof S, Brown JL, MacLeod A, Turner AP, Ahmadzadeh F, Albaladejo G, Crnobrnja-Isailovic J, De la Riva I, Fawzi A, Galán P, Göçmen B, Harris DJ, Jiménez-Robles O, Joger U, Jovanović Glavaš O, Karış M, Koziel G, Künzel S, Lyra M, Miles D, Nogales M, Oğuz MA, Pafilis P, Rancilhac L, Rodríguez N, Rodríguez Concepción B, Sanchez E, Salvi D, Slimani T, S'khifa A, Qashqaei AT, Žagar A, Lemmon A, Moriarty Lemmon E, Carretero MA, Carranza S, Philippe H, Sinervo B, Müller J, Vences M, Wollenberg Valero KC. Environmental temperatures shape thermal physiology as well as diversification and genome-wide substitution rates in lizards. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4077. [PMID: 31501432 PMCID: PMC6733905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic conditions changing over time and space shape the evolution of organisms at multiple levels, including temperate lizards in the family Lacertidae. Here we reconstruct a dated phylogenetic tree of 262 lacertid species based on a supermatrix relying on novel phylogenomic datasets and fossil calibrations. Diversification of lacertids was accompanied by an increasing disparity among occupied bioclimatic niches, especially in the last 10 Ma, during a period of progressive global cooling. Temperate species also underwent a genome-wide slowdown in molecular substitution rates compared to tropical and desert-adapted lacertids. Evaporative water loss and preferred temperature are correlated with bioclimatic parameters, indicating physiological adaptations to climate. Tropical, but also some populations of cool-adapted species experience maximum temperatures close to their preferred temperatures. We hypothesize these species-specific physiological preferences may constitute a handicap to prevail under rapid global warming, and contribute to explaining local lizard extinctions in cool and humid climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Garcia-Porta
- CREAF, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Iker Irisarri
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Kirchner
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ariel Rodríguez
- Institute of Zoology, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kirchhof
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason L Brown
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Amy MacLeod
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander P Turner
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, HU6 7RX, Kingston-Upon-Hull, UK
| | - Faraham Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gonzalo Albaladejo
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 38206, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailovic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Institute for Biological Research "S. Stanković" University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ignacio De la Riva
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adnane Fawzi
- Faculty of Sciences, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Pedro Galán
- Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo de Investigación en Biología Evolutiva (GIBE), 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Bayram Göçmen
- Zoology Section, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - D James Harris
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Octavio Jiménez-Robles
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ulrich Joger
- Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Mert Karış
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Process Technologies, Acıgöl Vocational High School of Technical Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Giannina Koziel
- Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sven Künzel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Mariana Lyra
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Donald Miles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Manuel Nogales
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 38206, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Mehmet Anıl Oğuz
- Zoology Section, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Panayiotis Pafilis
- Section of Zoology and Marine Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ilissia, Athens, 157-84, Greece
| | - Loïs Rancilhac
- Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Noemí Rodríguez
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 38206, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Benza Rodríguez Concepción
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 38206, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Eugenia Sanchez
- Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniele Salvi
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Tahar Slimani
- Faculty of Sciences, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim S'khifa
- Faculty of Sciences, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ali Turk Qashqaei
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anamarija Žagar
- National Institute of Biology NIB, Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, Vecna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alan Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Dirac Science Library, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Miguel Angel Carretero
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Salvador Carranza
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat, Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-,49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hervé Philippe
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, UMR CNRS 5321, Station of Theoretical and Experimental Ecology, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Institute for the Study of the Ecological and Evolutionary Climate Impacts, University of California, 130 McAllister Way, Coastal Biology Building, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Johannes Müller
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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13
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Díaz de la Vega-Pérez A, Barrios-Montiel R, Jiménez-Arcos V, Bautista A, Bastiaans E. High-mountain altitudinal gradient influences thermal ecology of the Mesquite Lizard (Sceloporus grammicus). CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The thermal requirements of ectotherms may vary among species due to adaptation to different thermal environments. Nevertheless, some of these requirements are evolutionarily conserved, leading organisms to compensate behaviorally for harsh environmental conditions. High-mountain systems provide temperature gradients that allow for studies of evolutionary and plastic variation in thermal ecology under natural conditions. We evaluated the thermoregulation strategies of Sceloporus grammicus Wiegmann, 1828 at three points (2600, 3100, and 4150 m above sea level) along an altitudinal gradient. We found that the thermal quality of the site and the body temperatures of lizards are influenced by altitude and decrease with increasing elevation. However, lizards from the three different elevations have similar thermal requirements. High-altitude lizards have lower thermal accuracy and efficiency indices compared with those from the lower sites, owing to the low thermal quality of their environment. Nevertheless, they are efficient in thermoregulation, increasing their body temperature above the ambient temperature. We found that pregnant females from all three elevations had similar preferred body temperatures. Compared with nonpregnant females and males, they exhibited lower preferred temperatures and more accurate thermoregulation. The wide altitudinal distribution of S. grammicus is thus not caused by variable thermal requirements. Instead, the wide repertoire of physiological and behavioral strategies of these lizards allows this species to successfully inhabit contrasting environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.H. Díaz de la Vega-Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla km 1.5 C.P. 90062, Tlaxcala, México
| | - R. Barrios-Montiel
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla km 1.5 C.P. 90062, Tlaxcala, México
| | - V.H. Jiménez-Arcos
- Laboratorio de Ecología, UBIPRO, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - A. Bautista
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla km 1.5 C.P. 90062, Tlaxcala, México
| | - E. Bastiaans
- State University of New York College at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA
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14
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Van BERKEL J, CLUSELLA-TRULLAS S. Behavioral thermoregulation is highly repeatable and unaffected by digestive status inAgama atra. Integr Zool 2018; 13:482-493. [DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Van BERKEL
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology; Stellenbosch University; Matieland South Africa
| | - Susana CLUSELLA-TRULLAS
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology; Stellenbosch University; Matieland South Africa
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15
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Parlin AF, do Amaral JPS, Dougherty JK, Stevens MHH, Schaeffer PJ. Thermoregulatory performance and habitat selection of the eastern box turtle ( Terrapene carolina carolina). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 5:cox070. [PMID: 29255608 PMCID: PMC5727458 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions may affect individual physiological processes that influence short-term performance and ultimately growth, survival and reproduction. As such, habitats selected by animals must provide suitable and adequate resources. Ectothermic species are highly dependent on climatic conditions and ambient temperatures that dictate body temperature regulation and in turn physiological processes. We investigated the thermoregulatory performance, habitat selection, and movements of an ectothermic vertebrate, the Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) to assess the importance of thermoregulatory physiology in habitat selection. We evaluated the relationship between habitat selection and thermoregulatory performance in Southwest Ohio over two active seasons from May until October. We found that T. carolina selected shaded habitats, including evergreen and deciduous forests, as well as herbaceous grasslands, conformed to the ambient temperatures throughout the active season, although these habitats had temperatures below those expected based on thermal optima of box turtles. Further, we found that movement was not correlated with internal body temperature. Our study shows that thermal conditions are not paramount in habitat selection of box turtles, but that cooler temperatures do not have an effect on the extent of their locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Parlin
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - José Pedro S do Amaral
- Department of Biology, University of Cincinnati Clermont College, Batavia, OH 45103, USA
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16
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Vickers MJ, Aubret F, Coulon A. Using GAMM to examine inter-individual heterogeneity in thermal performance curves for Natrix natrix indicates bet hedging strategy by mothers. J Therm Biol 2017; 63:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Basson CH, Levy O, Angilletta MJ, Clusella‐Trullas S. Lizards paid a greater opportunity cost to thermoregulate in a less heterogeneous environment. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine H. Basson
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 Matieland7602 South Africa
| | - Ofir Levy
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ85287 USA
| | | | - Susana Clusella‐Trullas
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 Matieland7602 South Africa
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18
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Bouazza A, Slimani T, El Mouden H, Blouin‐Demers G, Lourdais O. Thermal constraints and the influence of reproduction on thermoregulation in a high‐altitude gecko (
Quedenfeldtia trachyblepharus
). J Zool (1987) 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bouazza
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Dynamique des Écosystèmes Faculté des Sciences Semlalia Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech Maroc
| | - T. Slimani
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Dynamique des Écosystèmes Faculté des Sciences Semlalia Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech Maroc
| | - H. El Mouden
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Dynamique des Écosystèmes Faculté des Sciences Semlalia Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech Maroc
| | - G. Blouin‐Demers
- Département de Biologie Université d'Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - O. Lourdais
- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Villiers en Bois France
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
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19
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Zamora-Camacho FJ, Reguera S, Moreno-Rueda G. Elevational variation in body-temperature response to immune challenge in a lizard. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1972. [PMID: 27168981 PMCID: PMC4860334 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocompetence benefits animal fitness by combating pathogens, but also entails some costs. One of its main components is fever, which in ectotherms involves two main types of costs: energy expenditure and predation risk. Whenever those costs of fever outweigh its benefits, ectotherms are expected not to develop fever, or even to show hypothermia, reducing costs of thermoregulation and diverting the energy saved to other components of the immune system. Environmental thermal quality, and therefore the thermoregulation cost/benefit balance, varies geographically. Hence, we hypothesize that, in alpine habitats, immune-challenged ectotherms should show no thermal response, given that (1) hypothermia would be very costly, as the temporal window for reproduction is extremely small, and (2) fever would have a prohibitive cost, as heat acquisition is limited in such habitat. However, in temperate habitats, immune-challenged ectotherms might show a febrile response, due to lower cost/benefit balance as a consequence of a more suitable thermal environment. We tested this hypothesis in Psammodromus algirus lizards from Sierra Nevada (SE Spain), by testing body temperature preferred by alpine and non-alpine lizards, before and after activating their immune system with a typical innocuous pyrogen. Surprisingly, non-alpine lizards responded to immune challenge by decreasing preferential body-temperature, presumably allowing them to save energy and reduce exposure to predators. On the contrary, as predicted, immune-challenged alpine lizards maintained their body-temperature preferences. These results match with increased costs of no thermoregulation with elevation, due to the reduced window of time for reproduction in alpine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Zamora-Camacho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States; Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Senda Reguera
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada , Granada , Spain
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20
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Yamagishi G, Yoshida A, Kobayashi A, Park MK. Molecular characterization of insulin from squamate reptiles reveals sequence diversity and possible adaptive evolution. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 225:197-211. [PMID: 26344944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Squamata are the most adaptive and prosperous group among ectothermic amniotes, reptiles, due to their species-richness and geographically wide habitat. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying their prosperity remain largely unknown, unique features have been reported from hormones that regulate energy metabolism. Insulin, a central anabolic hormone, is one such hormone, as its roles and effectiveness in regulation of blood glucose levels remain to be examined in squamates. In the present study, cDNAs coding for insulin were isolated from multiple species that represent various groups of squamates. The deduced amino acid sequences showed a high degree of divergence, with four lineages showing obviously higher number of amino acid substitutions than most of vertebrates, from teleosts to mammals. Among 18 sites presented to comprise the two receptor binding surfaces (one with 12 sites and the other with 6 sites), substitutions were observed in 13 sites. Among them was the substitution of HisB10, which results in the loss of the ability to hexamerize. Furthermore, three of these substitutions were reported to increase mitogenicity in human analogues. These substitutions were also reported from insulin of hystricomorph rodents and agnathan fishes, whose mitogenic potency have been shown to be increased. The estimated value of the non-synonymous-to-synonymous substitution ratio (ω) for the Squamata clade was larger than those of the other reptiles and aves. Even higher values were estimated for several lineages among squamates. These results, together with the regulatory mechanisms of digestion and nutrient assimilation in squamates, suggested a possible adaptive process through the molecular evolution of squamate INS. Further studies on the roles of insulin, in relation to the physiological and ecological traits of squamate species, will provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms that have led to the adaptivity and prosperity of squamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Yamagishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yoshida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Aya Kobayashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Min Kyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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21
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Valenzuela-Ceballos S, Castañeda G, Rioja-Paradela T, Carrillo-Reyes A, Bastiaans E. Variation in the thermal ecology of an endemic iguana from Mexico reduces its vulnerability to global warming. J Therm Biol 2014; 48:56-64. [PMID: 25660631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of reptile populations in a specific location is influenced by individuals' capacity to regulate their body temperatures, among other factors. Anthropogenic climate change may pose a risk to the survival of ectothermic animals due to their dependence on external heat sources to thermoregulate. In this study, we calculated indices of thermal habitat quality, thermoregulatory precision, and thermoregulatory effectiveness for the endemic spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura oaxacana. We evaluated these indices and the thermoregulatory behavior of the iguanas in the four types of vegetation that provide the most favorable conditions for thermoregulation. We also performed our experiments during both the wet and dry seasons to capture the full range of thermal conditions available to C. oaxacana over the course of a year. Finally, we evaluated the potential niche for the iguana in the years 2020, 2050, and 2080. Thermoregulation depends on both seasonal and environmental factors in this species. We found that thermoregulation effectiveness in both wet and dry seasons depends not only on the thermal conditions of the immediate environment, but also on the cover vegetation and habitat structure available across the range of habitats the species uses. Thus, heterogeneous habitats with dispersed vegetation may be most suitable for this species' thermoregulatory strategy. Likewise, niche modeling results suggested that suitable habitat for our study species may continue to be available for the next few decades, despite global warming tendencies, as long as cover vegetation remains unaltered. Our results suggest that thermoregulation is a complex process that cannot be generalized for all ectothermic species inhabiting a given region. We also found that temperature changes are not the only factor one must consider when estimating the risk of species loss. To understand the necessary thermal conditions and extinction risk for any ectothermic species, it is necessary to focus studies on the species' general ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valenzuela-Ceballos
- Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad s/n, Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio, Durango C.P. 27000, Mexico
| | - Gamaliel Castañeda
- Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad s/n, Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio, Durango C.P. 27000, Mexico.
| | - Tamara Rioja-Paradela
- Sustentabilidad y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas. Libramiento Norte Poniente s/n, Col. Lajas Maciel, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas C.P. 29039, Mexico; Oikos: Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable, A.C. Bugambilias 5, Bismark, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas C.P. 29000, Mexico
| | - Arturo Carrillo-Reyes
- Sustentabilidad y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas. Libramiento Norte Poniente s/n, Col. Lajas Maciel, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas C.P. 29039, Mexico; Oikos: Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable, A.C. Bugambilias 5, Bismark, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas C.P. 29000, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Bastiaans
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 100 Ecology Bldg., 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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22
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Aguado S, Braña F. Thermoregulation in a cold-adapted species (Cyren’s Rock Lizard, Iberolacerta cyreni): influence of thermal environment and associated costs. CAN J ZOOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thermal constraints may limit the physiology and behaviour of ectotherms because of the high thermal dependence of metabolic functions. The adaptive mechanisms of thermoregulation and the cost of confronting thermal constraints were studied in the Cyren’s Rock Lizard (Iberolacerta cyreni (Müller and Hellmich, 1937)), a lacertid lizard endemic to mountain areas of central Spain. Semicontinuous monitoring of body temperature (Tb) in the laboratory indicated that the preferred temperature range for this population (Tpref) was lower than those found for most lacertid lizards, and field body temperatures of active animals in summer were even lower than Tpref. Overall these results, together with distribution of field operative temperatures (Te), indicate that I. cyreni is an active and relatively accurate thermoregulator, although limited by thermal constraints in their habitat. Laboratory experiments in contrasting thermal environments showed that even under thermally restricted conditions, lizards achieved their Tpref by modifying their thermoregulatory behaviour, principally through changes in space use, basking time, and body posture. However, these behavioural adjustments to reach the Tpref have associated costs, and lizards spent 80% of their time in thermoregulation when tested under low radiation conditions, which in the wild would limit the scope for other activities and eventually increase predation risk. Our results suggest that thermoregulatory behaviour may play an important role in coping with global climate change, hence predictions of the effects of climate warming on lizards inhabiting cold habitats should take into account the buffering role of behavioural thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Aguado
- Unidad de Zoología, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB, CSIC-UO-PA), c/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - F. Braña
- Unidad de Zoología, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, and Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB, CSIC-UO-PA), c/ Catedrático Rodrigo Uría s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
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23
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Maia-Carneiro T, Rocha CFD. Seasonal variations in behaviour of thermoregulation in juveniles and adults Liolaemus lutzae (Squamata, Liolaemidae) in a remnant of Brazilian restinga. Behav Processes 2013; 100:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Lourdais O, Guillon M, DeNardo D, Blouin-Demers G. Cold climate specialization: Adaptive covariation between metabolic rate and thermoregulation in pregnant vipers. Physiol Behav 2013; 119:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Bleu J, Le Galliard JF, Meylan S, Massot M, Fitze PS. Mating does not influence reproductive investment, in a viviparous lizard. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 315:458-64. [PMID: 21732546 DOI: 10.1002/jez.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mating is crucial for females that reproduce exclusively sexually and should influence their investment into reproduction. Although reproductive adjustments in response to mate quality have been tested in a wide range of species, the effect of exposure to males and mating per se has seldom been studied. Compensatory mechanisms against the absence of mating may evolve more frequently in viviparous females, which pay higher direct costs of reproduction, due to gestation, than oviparous females. To test the existence of such mechanisms in a viviparous species, we experimentally manipulated the mating opportunity of viviparous female lizard, Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara. We assessed the effect of mating on ovulation, postpartum body condition and parturition date, as well as on changes in locomotor performances and body temperatures during the breeding cycle. Female lizards ovulated spontaneously and mating had no influence on litter size, locomotor impairment or on selected body temperature. However, offspring production induced a more pronounced locomotor impairment and physical burden than the production of undeveloped eggs. Postpartum body condition and parturition dates were not different among females. This result suggests that gestation length is not determined by an embryonic signal. In the common lizard, viviparity is not associated with facultative ovulation and a control of litter size after ovulation, in response to the absence of mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Bleu
- CNRS, UPMC, ENS-UMR 7625, Laboratoire Ecologie et Evolution, Paris, France.
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26
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Harvey DS, Weatherhead PJ. Thermal ecology of Massasauga Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus) near their northern range limit. CAN J ZOOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/z10-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using populations at their northern range limits, we compared the thermoregulatory behaviour of Massasauga Rattlesnakes ( Sistrurus catenatus (Rafinesque, 1818)) to published results for Ratsnakes ( Elaphe obsoleta (Say in James, 1823)) and Northern Watersnakes ( Nerodia sipedon (L., 1758)) to test the hypothesis that given similar benefits of thermoregulation, costs associated with foraging ecology should shape thermoregulatory behaviour. More than 32 000 body temperature measurements from 34 individual snakes over 4 years were used to quantify thermoregulation by Massasauga Rattlesnakes using standard indices and a new index (%MaxE) that describes how much of the thermoregulatory potential available to a snake is realized. On average, Massasaugas were much cooler (db = 6.9 °C) than their preferred body temperature range (30–33.6 °C) but warmer (de – db = 3.3 °C) than were they not thermoregulating. Massasaugas realized more than half of their environmental potential for effective thermoregulation (%MaxE = 64%). Consistent with there being less conflict between foraging and thermoregulation for ambush predators than active foragers, Massasaugas were more effective thermoregulators than Ratsnakes or Watersnakes during the day. All three species were effective thermoregulators at night, supporting the assumption that species in a cool environment will thermoregulate when there are few competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Harvey
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Patrick J. Weatherhead
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Lacey EP, Lovin ME, Richter SJ, Herington DA. Floral reflectance, color, and thermoregulation: what really explains geographic variation in thermal acclimation ability of ectotherms? Am Nat 2010; 175:335-49. [PMID: 20100107 DOI: 10.1086/650442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in thermally sensitive traits, that is, thermal acclimation, generally increases with increasing latitude and altitude. The presumed explanation is that high-latitude/altitude organisms have evolved greater acclimation ability because of exposure to greater temperature fluctuations. Using a conceptual model of the thermal environment during the reproductive season, we tested this hypothesis against an alternative that plasticity is greater because of increased exposure to specific temperatures that strongly select for thermal acclimation. We examined geographic variation in floral reflectance/color plasticity among 29 European populations of a widespread perennial herb, Plantago lanceolata. Individuals partially thermoregulate reproduction through temperature-sensitive plasticity in floral reflectance/color. Plasticity was positively correlated with latitude and altitude. Path analyses support the hypothesis that the thermal environment mediates these geographic effects. Plasticity declined as seasonal temperature range increased, and it increased as duration of the growing season shortened and as the proportion of time exposed to temperatures favoring thermoregulation increased. Data provide evidence that floral reflectance/color plasticity is adaptive and that it has evolved in response not to the magnitude of temperature variation during the reproductive season but rather to the relative exposure to low temperatures, which favor thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Lacey
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA
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A cold-adapted reptile becomes a more effective thermoregulator in a thermally challenging environment. Oecologia 2010; 163:571-81. [PMID: 20140685 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermoregulation is of great importance for the survival and fitness of ectotherms as physiological functions are optimized within a narrow range of body temperature (T(b)). The precision with which reptiles thermoregulate has been proposed to be related to the thermal quality of their environments. Although a number of studies have looked at the effect of thermal constraints imposed by diel, seasonal and altitudinal variation on thermoregulatory strategies, few have addressed this question in a laboratory setting. We conducted a laboratory experiment to test whether tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus (order Rhynchocephalia), a cold-adapted reptile endemic to New Zealand, modify their thermoregulatory behaviour in response to different thermal environments. We provided tuatara with three thermal treatments: high-quality habitat [preferred T(b) (T(sel)) could be reached for 8 h/day], medium-quality habitat (T(sel) available for 5 h/day) and low-quality habitat (T(sel) available for 3 h/day). All groups maintained body mass, but tuatara in the low-quality habitat thermoregulated more accurately and tended to maintain higher T (b)s than tuatara in the high-quality habitat. This study thus provides experimental evidence that reptiles are capable of adjusting their thermoregulatory behaviour in response to different thermal constraints. This result also has implications for the conservation of tuatara. A proposed translocation from their current habitat to a higher latitudinal range within New Zealand (similar to the shift from our 8 h/day to our 5 h/day regime) is unlikely to induce thermoconformity; rather, tuatara will probably engage in more effective thermoregulatory behaviour.
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Rutskina IM, Litvinov NA, Roshchevskaya IM, Roshchevskii MP. Temperature adaptation of the heart in the grass snake (Natrix natrix L.), common European viper (Vipera berus L.), and steppe viper (Vipera renardi Christoph) (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes). RUSS J ECOL+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413609050026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Experimental support for the cost–benefit model of lizard thermoregulation: the effects of predation risk and food supply. Oecologia 2007; 155:1-10. [PMID: 17985159 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kohlsdorf T, Navas CA. Ecological constraints on the evolutionary association between field and preferred temperatures in Tropidurinae lizards. Evol Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-006-9116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Herczeg G, Gonda A, Saarikivi J, Merilä J. Experimental support for the cost–benefit model of lizard thermoregulation. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-006-0180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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