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Leuenberger K, Erni-Cassola G, Leistenschneider C, Burkhardt-Holm P. Microplastic ingestion in five demersal, bathydemersal and bathypelagic fish species from the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174320. [PMID: 38942313 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Antarctica has traditionally been viewed as a relatively isolated ecosystem. Although still considered pristine, it is increasingly also being affected by microplastic pollution. Reported high sea floor concentrations raise concern that these ecosystems might act as major sink for microplastic pollution. This is significant as species in those remote ecosystems are likely more sensitive to rapid environmental change due to a high level of specialization, and lower tolerance levels. Microplastic ingestion in fish has barely been assessed in high latitude environments. Here we aimed to provide baseline data for the eastern Weddell Sea, which is particularly remote, and suggested for an area of conservation. By analyzing gastrointestinal tracts of 40 specimens from five species, we report an overall microplastic incidence rate of 0.23. This is lower than recent studies have found for other species in the Southern Ocean, and below global means. The highest incidence rate was detected in L. squamifrons (0.67), followed by P. evansii (0.29). The most common polymer was polyethylene recovered as 8 particles (42.1 %) from one specimen, while from the remaining 11 microplastics polyester was most common (36.8 %). This study shows that even in a remote region of the Antarctic Ocean with almost no vessel traffic, fisheries or touristic activity, bathydemersal and bathypelagic fish exhibit microplastic particles in their gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Leuenberger
- Man-Society-Environment (Programme MGU), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Erni-Cassola
- Man-Society-Environment (Programme MGU), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clara Leistenschneider
- Man-Society-Environment (Programme MGU), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Burkhardt-Holm
- Man-Society-Environment (Programme MGU), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland.
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2
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Xu Q, Jia R, Yang F, Hu P, Li X, Ge S, Jiang S, Chan J, Zhai W, Chen L. Identification of two miRNAs regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation in an Antarctic icefish. iScience 2024; 27:110128. [PMID: 38939105 PMCID: PMC11209021 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The hemoglobinless Antarctic icefish develop large hearts to compensate for reduced oxygen-carrying capacity, which serves as a naturally occurred model to explore the factors regulating cardiogenesis. Through miRNAome and microRNAome comparisons between an icefish (Chionodraco hamatus) and two red-blooded notothenioids, we discovered significant upregulation of factors in the BMP signaling pathways and altered expression of many miRNAs, including downregulation of 14 miRNAs in the icefish heart. Through knocking down of these miRNAs, we identified two of them, miR-458-3p and miR-144-5p, involved in enlarged heart development. The two miRNAs were found to regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation by targeting bone morphogenetic protein-2 (bmp2). We further validated that activation of the miRNA-bmp2 signaling in the fish heart could be triggered by hypoxic exposure. Our study suggested that a few miRNAs play important roles in the hypoxia-induced cardiac remodeling of the icefish which shed new light on the mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation in heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences (Ministry of Science and Technology), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ruonan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences (Ministry of Science and Technology), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saiya Ge
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouwen Jiang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences (Ministry of Science and Technology), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiulin Chan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanying Zhai
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences (Ministry of Science and Technology), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences (Ministry of Science and Technology), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Madrigal G, Minhas BF, Catchen J. Klumpy: A tool to evaluate the integrity of long-read genome assemblies and illusive sequence motifs. Mol Ecol Resour 2024:e13982. [PMID: 38800997 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The improvement and decreasing costs of third-generation sequencing technologies has widened the scope of biological questions researchers can address with de novo genome assemblies. With the increasing number of reference genomes, validating their integrity with minimal overhead is vital for establishing confident results in their applications. Here, we present Klumpy, a tool for detecting and visualizing both misassembled regions in a genome assembly and genetic elements (e.g. genes) of interest in a set of sequences. By leveraging the initial raw reads in combination with their respective genome assembly, we illustrate Klumpy's utility by investigating antifreeze glycoprotein (afgp) loci across two icefishes, by searching for a reported absent gene in the northern snakehead fish, and by scanning the reference genomes of a mudskipper and bumblebee for misassembled regions. In the two former cases, we were able to provide support for the noncanonical placement of an afgp locus in the icefishes and locate the missing snakehead gene. Furthermore, our genome scans were able identify an unmappable locus in the mudskipper reference genome and identify a putative repetitive element shared among several species of bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Madrigal
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Bushra Fazal Minhas
- Informatics Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Julian Catchen
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Informatics Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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4
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Liao Y, Miao X, Wang R, Zhang R, Li H, Lin L. First pelagic fish biodiversity assessment of Cosmonaut Sea based on environmental DNA. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106225. [PMID: 37866974 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The Cosmonaut Sea is a typical marginal sea in East Antarctica that has not yet been greatly impacted by climate change. As one of the least explored areas in the Southern Ocean, our knowledge regarding its fish taxonomy and diversity has been sparse. eDNA metabarcoding, as an emerging and promising tool for marine biodiversity research and monitoring, has been widely used across taxa and habitats. During the 38th Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE-38), we collected seawater and surface sediment samples from 38 stations in the Cosmonaut Sea and performed the first, to our knowledge, eDNA analysis of fish biodiversity in the Southern Ocean based on the molecular markers of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA. There were 48 fish species detected by the two markers in total, with 30 and 34 species detected by the 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA marker, respectively. This was more than the trawling results (19 species) and historical survey records (16 species, "BROKE-West" cruise). With some nonsignificant differences between the Gunnerus Ridge and the Oceanic Area of Enderby Land, the Cosmonaut Sea had a richer fish biodiversity in this research compared with previous studies, and its overall composition and distribution patterns were consistent with what we know in East Antarctica. We also found that the eDNA composition of fish in the Cosmonaut Sea might be related to some environmental factors. Our study demonstrated that the use of the eDNA technique for Antarctic fish biodiversity research is likely to yield more information with less sampling effort than traditional methods. In the context of climate change, the eDNA approach will provide a novel and powerful tool that is complementary to traditional methods for polar ecology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Liao
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity Research, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xing Miao
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity Research, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity Research, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity Research, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hai Li
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity Research, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Longshan Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity Research, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Pérez-Pezoa K, Cárdenas CA, González-Aravena M, Gallardo P, Rivero A, Arriagada V, Demianenko K, Zabroda P, Santa Cruz F. Trophodynamics of the Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) in the Antarctic Peninsula: Ontogenetic changes in diet composition and prey fatty acid profiles. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287376. [PMID: 37796854 PMCID: PMC10553334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) is the largest notothenioid species in the Southern Ocean, playing a keystone role in the trophic web as a food source for marine mammals and a top predator in deep-sea ecosystems. Most ecological knowledge on this species relies on samples from areas where direct fishing is allowed, whereas in areas closed to fishing, such as the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), there are still key ecological gaps to ensure effective conservation, especially regarding our understanding of its trophic relationships within the ecosystem. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of the feeding behavior of Antarctic toothfish caught in the northern tip of the AP, during two consecutive fishing seasons (2019/20 and 2020/21). Stomach content was analyzed according to size-classes, sex and season. Macroscopic morphological analysis was used to identify prey, whereas DNA analysis was used in highly digested prey items. Fatty acid analysis was conducted to determine the prey's nutritional composition. The diet mainly consisted of Macrouridae, Cephalopoda, Anotopteridae, and Channichthyidae. Other prey items found were crustaceans and penguin remains; however, these were rare in terms of their presence in stomach samples. Sex had no effect on diet, whereas size-class and fishing season influenced prey composition. From 27 fatty acid profiles identified, we observed two different prey groups of fishes (integrated by families Anotopteridae, Macrouridae and Channichthyidae) and cephalopods. Our results revealed a narrow range of prey items typical of a generalist predator, which probably consumes the most abundant prey. Understanding the diet and trophic relationships of Antarctic toothfish is critical for a better comprehension of its role in the benthic-demersal ecosystem of the AP, key for ecosystemic fisheries management, and relevant for understanding and predicting the effect of climate change on this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pérez-Pezoa
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - César A. Cárdenas
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Plaza Muñoz Gamero, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pablo Gallardo
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Alí Rivero
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Vicente Arriagada
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Pavlo Zabroda
- Institute of Fisheries and Marine Ecology (IFME), Berdyansk, Ukraine
| | - Francisco Santa Cruz
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Plaza Muñoz Gamero, Punta Arenas, Chile
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6
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Huang K, Zhu G. Fatty acid composition and energy allocation in muscle and gonad tissues indicate that the female mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari is an income breeder. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:460-471. [PMID: 37222289 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The energy density and fatty acid composition profiles of the muscle and gonad tissues of female mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari from the South Orkney Islands in Antarctica were investigated throughout ovarian development to better understand the reproductive allocation strategy and the role of specific fatty acids in the reproductive process. Energy density in gonads increased from resting to spawning stages as the ovaries developed (19.60-25.10 kJ g-1 dry mass [DM]). In contrast, energy density in muscles remained constant throughout ovarian development (20.13-22.87 kJ g-1 DM), suggesting that the spawning events of the C. gunnari rely on energy income from feeding rather than on the energy stored in body. In addition, the variation in fatty acid composition between muscle and gonad tissues may reflect the role of main FAs as energy source. These results suggest that C. gunnari may utilize an income breeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Polar Marine Ecosystem Group, The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai, China
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7
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Geng Q, Wang C, Zhu G. A novel report on the distribution of microplastics in ocellated icefish (Chionodraco rastrospinosus) in the northern Antarctic Peninsula. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115188. [PMID: 37348279 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are ubiquitous in the global marine ecosystem; however, studies on microplastic (MPs) ingestion by fish in the remote Antarctic are extremely limited. We detected MPs in ocellated icefish (Chionodraco rastrospinosus)-a limitedly distributed but ecologically important species-in the northern Antarctic Peninsula. This is the first study reporting MPs distribution in the stomach, intestine, and gill of this species. Of 32 C. rastrospinosus individuals, 10 (31.3 %) individuals ingested MPs. Totally, 157 suspected microplastic particles were detected, and only 10 MPs were finally confirmed from the subsampled 38 highly suspected particles after FTIR detection, with an average of 0.36 particles per individual. The stomach, intestine, and gills of each fish contained 0.06 ± 0.24, 0.16 ± 0.36, and 0.09 ± 0.29 particles, respectively. Fibrous MPs with a diameter of <200 μm were predominant in all tissues, with blue MPs being the most common. Polyester and acrylic acid were the most frequently observed plastic polymers. MPs abundance in C. rastrospinosus was unrelated to biometrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingning Geng
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Congcong Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China; Polar Marine Ecosystem Group, The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Guoping Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China; Polar Marine Ecosystem Group, The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China.
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8
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Minhas BF, Beck EA, Cheng CHC, Catchen J. Novel mitochondrial genome rearrangements including duplications and extensive heteroplasmy could underlie temperature adaptations in Antarctic notothenioid fishes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6939. [PMID: 37117267 PMCID: PMC10147917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes are known for their compact size and conserved gene order, however, recent studies employing long-read sequencing technologies have revealed the presence of atypical mitogenomes in some species. In this study, we assembled and annotated the mitogenomes of five Antarctic notothenioids, including four icefishes (Champsocephalus gunnari, C. esox, Chaenocephalus aceratus, and Pseudochaenichthys georgianus) and the cold-specialized Trematomus borchgrevinki. Antarctic notothenioids are known to harbor some rearrangements in their mt genomes, however the extensive duplications in icefishes observed in our study have never been reported before. In the icefishes, we observed duplications of the protein coding gene ND6, two transfer RNAs, and the control region with different copy number variants present within the same individuals and with some ND6 duplications appearing to follow the canonical Duplication-Degeneration-Complementation (DDC) model in C. esox and C. gunnari. In addition, using long-read sequencing and k-mer analysis, we were able to detect extensive heteroplasmy in C. aceratus and C. esox. We also observed a large inversion in the mitogenome of T. borchgrevinki, along with the presence of tandem repeats in its control region. This study is the first in using long-read sequencing to assemble and identify structural variants and heteroplasmy in notothenioid mitogenomes and signifies the importance of long-reads in resolving complex mitochondrial architectures. Identification of such wide-ranging structural variants in the mitogenomes of these fishes could provide insight into the genetic basis of the atypical icefish mitochondrial physiology and more generally may provide insights about their potential role in cold adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Fazal Minhas
- Informatics Programs, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Emily A Beck
- Data Science Initiative, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | - C-H Christina Cheng
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Julian Catchen
- Informatics Programs, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA.
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA.
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Ontogenetic changes in the body structure of the Arctic fish Leptoclinus maculatus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3688. [PMID: 36879005 PMCID: PMC9988964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Histological studies of the ontogenetic changes in Arctic marine fishes are often fragmented and incomplete. Here we present a comprehensive histological ontogenetic analysis of the daubed shanny (Leptoclinus maculatus) from the Arctic, characterizing its development as it undergoes a series of changes in the organ and tissue organization, especially during the postlarvae transition from the pelagic to benthic lifestyle. The thyroid, heart, digestive tract, liver, gonads, blood, and the lipid sac of the postlarvae at different developmental stages (L1-L5) were studied for the first time. We found that L. maculatus has structural characteristics of marine fish developing in cold, high-oxygen polar waters. We conclude that the presence of the lipid sac and the absence of distinguishable red blood cells in pelagic postlarvae are unique features of the daubed shanny most likely linked to its successful growth and development in the Arctic environment.
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Zhu G, Li Y, Wang D, Liu H. Concentration and Distribution of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in Mackerel Icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) in South Georgia, Antarctic, During Winter. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3819-3828. [PMID: 34618314 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the essential and nonessential elements distribution and behavior in Antarctic fish is important for understanding the essentiality and requirements of minerals in the diet of those species, as well as the bioavailability and storage of trace minerals in the tissues of fishes. In this study, the levels of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead in muscle, intestine, liver, gill, and skin of mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari (Lönnberg, 1905) in South Georgia were determined during winter. The following element concentration ranking was recorded: Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb in the muscle, Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb in the skin, Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb in the intestine, Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd in liver, and Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb in the gill. The concentration of Zn is higher by about two orders of magnitude than that of the other three elements for the tissues. Generally, apart from Cu levels in the liver and Cd levels in the intestine, the correlation of elements in tissues with both size and weight of C. gunnari is not observed. The levels of elements were compared to those reported for C. gunnari in the Kerguelen waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Polar Marine Ecosystem Group, The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Danrong Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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11
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Organismal and cellular interactions in vertebrate-alga symbioses. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:609-620. [PMID: 35225336 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosymbioses, intimate interactions between photosynthetic algal symbionts and heterotrophic hosts, are well known in invertebrate and protist systems. Vertebrate animals are an exception where photosynthetic microorganisms are not often considered part of the normal vertebrate microbiome, with a few exceptions in amphibian eggs. Here, we review the breadth of vertebrate diversity and explore where algae have taken hold in vertebrate fur, on vertebrate surfaces, in vertebrate tissues, and within vertebrate cells. We find that algae have myriad partnerships with vertebrate animals, from fishes to mammals, and that those symbioses range from apparent mutualisms to commensalisms to parasitisms. The exception in vertebrates, compared with other groups of eukaryotes, is that intracellular mutualisms and commensalisms with algae or other microbes are notably rare. We currently have no clear cell-in-cell (endosymbiotic) examples of a trophic mutualism in any vertebrate, while there is a broad diversity of such interactions in invertebrate animals and protists. This functional divergence in vertebrate symbioses may be related to vertebrate physiology or a byproduct of our adaptive immune system. Overall, we see that diverse algae are part of the vertebrate microbiome, broadly, with numerous symbiotic interactions occurring across all vertebrate and many algal clades. These interactions are being studied for their ecological, organismal, and cellular implications. This synthesis of vertebrate-algal associations may prove useful for the development of novel therapeutics: pairing algae with medical devices, tissue cultures, and artificial ecto- and endosymbioses.
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12
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Purser A, Hehemann L, Boehringer L, Tippenhauer S, Wege M, Bornemann H, Pineda-Metz SEA, Flintrop CM, Koch F, Hellmer HH, Burkhardt-Holm P, Janout M, Werner E, Glemser B, Balaguer J, Rogge A, Holtappels M, Wenzhoefer F. A vast icefish breeding colony discovered in the Antarctic. Curr Biol 2022; 32:842-850.e4. [PMID: 35030328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A breeding colony of notothenioid icefish (Neopagetopsis ionah, Nybelin 1947) of globally unprecedented extent has been discovered in the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica. The colony was estimated to cover at least ∼240 km2 of the eastern flank of the Filchner Trough, comprised of fish nests at a density of 0.26 nests per square meter, representing an estimated total of ∼60 million active nests and associated fish biomass of >60,000 tonnes. The majority of nests were each occupied by 1 adult fish guarding 1,735 eggs (±433 SD). Bottom water temperatures measured across the nesting colony were up to 2°C warmer than the surrounding bottom waters, indicating a spatial correlation between the modified Warm Deep Water (mWDW) upflow onto the Weddell Shelf and the active nesting area. Historical and concurrently collected seal movement data indicate that this concentrated fish biomass may be utilized by predators such as Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii, Lesson 1826). Numerous degraded fish carcasses within and near the nesting colony suggest that, in death as well as life, these fish provide input for local food webs and influence local biogeochemical processing. To our knowledge, the area surveyed harbors the most spatially expansive continuous fish breeding colony discovered to date globally at any depth, as well as an exceptionally high Antarctic seafloor biomass. This discovery provides support for the establishment of a regional marine protected area in the Southern Ocean under the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) umbrella. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autun Purser
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Laura Hehemann
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Lilian Boehringer
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Universität Bremen (Fachbereich 2, Biologie/Chemie), 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sandra Tippenhauer
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Mia Wege
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Horst Bornemann
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Santiago E A Pineda-Metz
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Clara M Flintrop
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Florian Koch
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Hellmer
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Patricia Burkhardt-Holm
- Programme Man-Society-Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Janout
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ellen Werner
- HafenCity University Hamburg, Henning-Voscherau-Platz 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Glemser
- Universität Bremen (Fachbereich 2, Biologie/Chemie), 28334 Bremen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jenna Balaguer
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Andreas Rogge
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Institute for Ecosystem Research, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Moritz Holtappels
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Frank Wenzhoefer
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, HADAL and Nordcee, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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13
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Duan M, Zhang C, Liu Y, Ye Z, Liu C, Tian Y, He J. Early-life history traits of two icefishes, spiny icefish Chaenodraco wilsoni and ocellated icefish Chionodraco rastrospinosus, in the Ross Sea revealed by otolith microstructure. Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-03002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Parental care and demography of a spawning population of the channichthyid Neopagetopsis ionah, Nybelin 1947 from the Weddell Sea. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Caccavo JA, Christiansen H, Constable AJ, Ghigliotti L, Trebilco R, Brooks CM, Cotte C, Desvignes T, Dornan T, Jones CD, Koubbi P, Saunders RA, Strobel A, Vacchi M, van de Putte AP, Walters A, Waluda CM, Woods BL, Xavier JC. Productivity and Change in Fish and Squid in the Southern Ocean. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.624918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern Ocean ecosystems are globally important and vulnerable to global drivers of change, yet they remain challenging to study. Fish and squid make up a significant portion of the biomass within the Southern Ocean, filling key roles in food webs from forage to mid-trophic species and top predators. They comprise a diverse array of species uniquely adapted to the extreme habitats of the region. Adaptations such as antifreeze glycoproteins, lipid-retention, extended larval phases, delayed senescence, and energy-conserving life strategies equip Antarctic fish and squid to withstand the dark winters and yearlong subzero temperatures experienced in much of the Southern Ocean. In addition to krill exploitation, the comparatively high commercial value of Antarctic fish, particularly the lucrative toothfish, drives fisheries interests, which has included illegal fishing. Uncertainty about the population dynamics of target species and ecosystem structure and function more broadly has necessitated a precautionary, ecosystem approach to managing these stocks and enabling the recovery of depleted species. Fisheries currently remain the major local driver of change in Southern Ocean fish productivity, but global climate change presents an even greater challenge to assessing future changes. Parts of the Southern Ocean are experiencing ocean-warming, such as the West Antarctic Peninsula, while other areas, such as the Ross Sea shelf, have undergone cooling in recent years. These trends are expected to result in a redistribution of species based on their tolerances to different temperature regimes. Climate variability may impair the migratory response of these species to environmental change, while imposing increased pressures on recruitment. Fisheries and climate change, coupled with related local and global drivers such as pollution and sea ice change, have the potential to produce synergistic impacts that compound the risks to Antarctic fish and squid species. The uncertainty surrounding how different species will respond to these challenges, given their varying life histories, environmental dependencies, and resiliencies, necessitates regular assessment to inform conservation and management decisions. Urgent attention is needed to determine whether the current management strategies are suitably precautionary to achieve conservation objectives in light of the impending changes to the ecosystem.
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16
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Schiavon L, Dulière V, La Mesa M, Marino IAM, Codogno G, Boscari E, Riginella E, Battistotti A, Lucassen M, Zane L, Papetti C. Species distribution, hybridization and connectivity in the genus
Chionodraco
: Unveiling unknown icefish diversity in antarctica. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schiavon
- Department of Biology University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Valérie Dulière
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Brussels Belgium
| | | | - Ilaria Anna Maria Marino
- Department of Biology University of Padova Padova Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario Per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa) Roma Italy
| | | | - Elisa Boscari
- Department of Biology University of Padova Padova Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario Per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa) Roma Italy
| | | | | | - Magnus Lucassen
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany
| | - Lorenzo Zane
- Department of Biology University of Padova Padova Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario Per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa) Roma Italy
| | - Chiara Papetti
- Department of Biology University of Padova Padova Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario Per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa) Roma Italy
- Zoological Station Anton Dohrn Naples Italy
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17
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Thermal sensitivity of cell metabolism of different Antarctic fish species mirrors organism temperature tolerance. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDespite cold adaptation, Antarctic fish show lower growth than expected from the van’t Hoff’s Q10 rule. Protein synthesis is one of the main energy-consuming processes, which is downregulated under energy deficiency. Considering the effect of temperature on growth performance, we tested if temperature-dependent cellular energy allocation to protein synthesis correlates with temperature-dependent whole-animal growth and thus thermal tolerance. Cell respiration and energy expenditure for protein synthesis were determined in hepatocytes of the circumpolar-distributed Antarctic eelpout Pachycara brachycephalum after warm acclimation (0 °C vs 5 °C) and, of two notothenioids the sub-Antarctic Lepidonotothen squamifrons and the high-Antarctic icefish Chionodraco hamatus. We used intermittent-flow respirometry to analyse cellular response to acute warming from 5 to 10 °C (P. brachycephalum) and from 1 to 5 °C (L. squamifrons, C. hamatus). Warming-induced rise in respiration was similar between 0- and 5 °C-acclimated P. brachycephalum and between L. squamifrons and C. hamatus. Irrespective of acclimation, warming decreased energy expenditure for protein synthesis in P. brachycephalum, which corresponds to reduced whole-animal growth at temperatures > 5 °C. Warming doubled energy expenditure for protein synthesis in L. squamifrons but had no effect on C. hamatus indicating that L. squamifrons might benefit from warmer waters. The species-specific temperature effect on energy expenditure for protein synthesis is discussed to mirror thermal sensitivity of whole-animal growth performance, thereby paralleling the degree of cold adaptation. Clearly more data are necessary including measurements at narrower temperature steps particularly for C. hamatus and an increased species’ number per ecotype to reinforce presented link between cellular and whole-animal thermal sensitivity.
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18
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The buoyancy-based biotope axis of the evolutionary radiation of Antarctic cryonotothenioid fishes. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Infestation dynamics between parasitic Antarctic fish leeches (Piscicolidae) and their crocodile icefish hosts (Channichthyidae). Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Degree of herbivory and intestinal morphology in nine notothenioid fishes from the western Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Biological parameters of the High-Antarctic icefish, Cryodraco antarcticus (Channichthyidae) from the South Shetland Islands. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Price SA, Friedman ST, Corn KA, Martinez CM, Larouche O, Wainwright PC. Building a Body Shape Morphospace of Teleostean Fishes. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 59:716-730. [PMID: 31241147 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a dataset that quantifies body shape in three dimensions across the teleost phylogeny. Built by a team of researchers measuring easy-to-identify, functionally relevant traits on specimens at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History it contains data on 16,609 specimens from 6144 species across 394 families. Using phylogenetic comparative methods to analyze the dataset we describe the teleostean body shape morphospace and identify families with extraordinary rates of morphological evolution. Using log shape ratios, our preferred method of body-size correction, revealed that fish width is the primary axis of morphological evolution across teleosts, describing a continuum from narrow-bodied laterally compressed flatfishes to wide-bodied dorsoventrally flattened anglerfishes. Elongation is the secondary axis of morphological variation and occurs within the more narrow-bodied forms. This result highlights the importance of collecting shape on three dimensions when working across teleosts. Our analyses also uncovered the fastest rates of shape evolution within a clade formed by notothenioids and scorpaeniforms, which primarily thrive in cold waters and/or have benthic habits, along with freshwater elephantfishes, which as their name suggests, have a novel head and body shape. This unprecedented dataset of teleostean body shapes will enable the investigation of the factors that regulate shape diversification. Biomechanical principles, which relate body shape to performance and ecology, are one promising avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Price
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - S T Friedman
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - K A Corn
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - C M Martinez
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - O Larouche
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - P C Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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23
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Corliss BA, Delalio LJ, Stevenson Keller TC, Keller AS, Keller DA, Corliss BH, Beers JM, Peirce SM, Isakson BE. Vascular Expression of Hemoglobin Alpha in Antarctic Icefish Supports Iron Limitation as Novel Evolutionary Driver. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1389. [PMID: 31780954 PMCID: PMC6861181 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frigid temperatures of the Southern Ocean are known to be an evolutionary driver in Antarctic fish. For example, many fish have reduced red blood cell (RBC) concentration to minimize vascular resistance. Via the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin, RBCs contain the vast majority of the body's iron, which is known to be a limiting nutrient in marine ecosystems. Since lower RBC levels also lead to reduced iron requirements, we hypothesize that low iron availability was an additional evolutionary driver of Antarctic fish speciation. Antarctic Icefish of the family Channichthyidae are known to have an extreme alteration of iron metabolism due to loss of RBCs and two iron-binding proteins, hemoglobin and myoglobin. Loss of hemoglobin is considered a maladaptive trait allowed by relaxation of predator selection since extreme adaptations are required to compensate for the loss of oxygen-carrying capacity. However, iron dependency minimization may have driven hemoglobin loss instead of a random evolutionary event. Given the variety of functions that hemoglobin serves in the endothelium, we suspected the protein corresponding to the 3' truncated Hbα fragment (Hbα-3'f) that was not genetically excluded by icefish may still be expressed as a protein. Using whole mount confocal microscopy, we show that Hbα-3'f is expressed in the vascular endothelium of icefish retina, suggesting this Hbα fragment may still serve an important role in the endothelium. These observations support a novel hypothesis that iron minimization could have influenced icefish speciation with the loss of the iron-binding portion of Hbα in Hbα-3'f, as well as hemoglobin β and myoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Corliss
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Leon J Delalio
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - T C Stevenson Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alexander S Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | | | - Bruce H Corliss
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Jody M Beers
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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24
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Andriyono S, Alam MJ, Lee SR, Choi SG, Chung S, Kim HW. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Chionobathyscus dewitti (Perciformes, Channichthyidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 4:3914-3915. [PMID: 33366249 PMCID: PMC7707690 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1688112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Icefish, Chionobathyscus dewitti was determined by the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis. The complete mitogenome was 17,452 bp in length, which encoded the canonical 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and two non-coding regions. As shown in the other notothenids, translocation of ND6 and an additional non-coding region were identified, which is different from the typical vertebrate mitochondrial genomes. The C. dewitti was clustered distinctly from the those in the Chinodraco and Chaenocephalus, which supported the idea that this species should be classified in the different genus, Chionobathyscus in the family Channichthyidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapto Andriyono
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Fisheries and Marine Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Md. Jobaidul Alam
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Rin Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gwan Choi
- National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdeok Chung
- National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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25
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Novillo M, Moreira E, Macchi G, Barrera-Oro E. Reproductive effort in Chaenocephalus aceratus validated by gonadal histology: inshore sites serve as spawning grounds for some notothenioids. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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27
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Intergeneric hybrids inform reproductive isolating barriers in the Antarctic icefish radiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5989. [PMID: 30979924 PMCID: PMC6461676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization or barriers to hybridization may have contributed to the diversification of Antarctic icefishes (Channichthyidae), but data supporting these hypotheses is scarce. To understand the potential for hybridization and to investigate reproductive isolating mechanisms among icefish species, we performed in vitro fertilization experiments using eggs from a female blackfin icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus and sperm from a male of another genera, the ocellated icefish Chionodraco rastrospinosus. Sequencing of genomic and mitochondrial DNA confirmed the intergeneric hybrid nature of resulting embryos which successfully developed and hatched as active larvae at about four and a half months during the Antarctic winter. This result demonstrates the compatibility of gametes of these two species and the viability of resulting zygotes and larvae. Due to logistic constraints and the slow developmental rate of icefishes, we could not test for long-term hybrid viability, fertility, fitness, or hybrid breakdown. Analysis of our fishing records and available literature, however, suggests that the strongest barriers to hybridization among parapatric icefish species are likely to be behavioral and characterized by assortative mating and species-specific courtship and nesting behaviors. This conclusion suggests that, in long-lived fish species with late sexual maturity and high energetic investment in reproduction like icefishes, pre-mating barriers are energetically more efficient than post-mating barriers to prevent hybridization.
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28
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Kim BM, Amores A, Kang S, Ahn DH, Kim JH, Kim IC, Lee JH, Lee SG, Lee H, Lee J, Kim HW, Desvignes T, Batzel P, Sydes J, Titus T, Wilson CA, Catchen JM, Warren WC, Schartl M, Detrich HW, Postlethwait JH, Park H. Antarctic blackfin icefish genome reveals adaptations to extreme environments. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:469-478. [PMID: 30804520 PMCID: PMC7307600 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Icefishes (suborder Notothenioidei; family Channichthyidae) are the only vertebrates that lack functional haemoglobin genes and red blood cells. Here, we report a high-quality genome assembly and linkage map for the Antarctic blackfin icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus, highlighting evolved genomic features for its unique physiology. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that Antarctic fish of the teleost suborder Notothenioidei, including icefishes, diverged from the stickleback lineage about 77 million years ago and subsequently evolved cold-adapted phenotypes as the Southern Ocean cooled to sub-zero temperatures. Our results show that genes involved in protection from ice damage, including genes encoding antifreeze glycoprotein and zona pellucida proteins, are highly expanded in the icefish genome. Furthermore, genes that encode enzymes that help to control cellular redox state, including members of the sod3 and nqo1 gene families, are expanded, probably as evolutionary adaptations to the relatively high concentration of oxygen dissolved in cold Antarctic waters. In contrast, some crucial regulators of circadian homeostasis (cry and per genes) are absent from the icefish genome, suggesting compromised control of biological rhythms in the polar light environment. The availability of the icefish genome sequence will accelerate our understanding of adaptation to extreme Antarctic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Mi Kim
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Angel Amores
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Seunghyun Kang
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Do-Hwan Ahn
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Kim
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Department of Polar Life Science, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea.,Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung Gu Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea.,Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea.,Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea.,Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Han-Woo Kim
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea.,Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Peter Batzel
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Jason Sydes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Tom Titus
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Julian M Catchen
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Wesley C Warren
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. .,Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - H William Detrich
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, MA, USA.
| | | | - Hyun Park
- Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea. .,Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
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29
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Liang S, Song W, Huang H, Qu T, Zhang F, Jiang K, Chen X, Ma L. The complete mitochondrial genome of Chionodraco rastrospinosus (Notothenioidei: Channichthyidae) with phylogenetic consideration. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2018; 3:816-817. [PMID: 33490538 PMCID: PMC7800282 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1483769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Chionodraco rastrospinosus was obtained, which was 17598 bp including 2 ribosomal RNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a non-coding control region. The length of D-loop was 1332 bp and its contents of A, T, C, and G were 30.3%, 27.6%, 26.8%, and 15.3%. The complete mtDNA sequences of C. rastrospinosus and other 14 species were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree, suggested that C. rastrospinosus was closest to two species of Chionodraco. The study would provide a basic data for further research on population structure, conservation genetics and molecular evolution of C. rastrospinosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Taichun Qu
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keji Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuezhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingbo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
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30
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Young EF, Tysklind N, Meredith MP, de Bruyn M, Belchier M, Murphy EJ, Carvalho GR. Stepping stones to isolation: Impacts of a changing climate on the connectivity of fragmented fish populations. Evol Appl 2018; 11:978-994. [PMID: 29928304 PMCID: PMC5999207 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the marine environment, understanding the biophysical mechanisms that drive variability in larval dispersal and population connectivity is essential for estimating the potential impacts of climate change on the resilience and genetic structure of populations. Species whose populations are small, isolated and discontinuous in distribution will differ fundamentally in their response and resilience to environmental stress, compared with species that are broadly distributed, abundant and frequently exchange conspecifics. Here, we use an individual-based modelling approach, combined with a population genetics projection model, to consider the impacts of a warming climate on the population connectivity of two contrasting Antarctic fish species, Notothenia rossii and Champsocephalus gunnari. Focussing on the Scotia Sea region, sea surface temperatures are predicted to increase significantly by the end of the 21st century, resulting in reduced planktonic duration and increased egg and larval mortality. With shorter planktonic durations, the results of our study predict reduced dispersal of both species across the Scotia Sea, from Antarctic Peninsula sites to islands in the north and east, and increased dispersal among neighbouring sites, such as around the Antarctic Peninsula. Increased mortality modified the magnitude of population connectivity but had little effect on the overall patterns. Whilst the predicted changes in connectivity had little impact on the projected regional population genetic structure of N. rossii, which remained broadly genetically homogeneous within distances of ~1,500 km, the genetic isolation of C. gunnari populations in the northern Scotia Sea was predicted to increase with rising sea temperatures. Our study highlights the potential for increased isolation of island populations in a warming world, with implications for the resilience of populations and their ability to adapt to ongoing environmental change, a matter of high relevance to fisheries and ecosystem-level management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niklas Tysklind
- School of Biological SciencesBangor UniversityBangorGwyneddUK
- Present address:
INRAUMR8172 EcoFoGAgroParisTechCiradCNRSUniversité des AntillesUniversité de GuyaneKourouFrance
| | | | - Mark de Bruyn
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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Chan J, Hu X, Wang C, Xu Q. miRNA-152 targets GATA1 to regulate erythropoiesis in Chionodraco hamatus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:711-717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Malekar VC, Morton JD, Hider RN, Cruickshank RH, Hodge S, Metcalf VJ. Effect of elevated temperature on membrane lipid saturation in Antarctic notothenioid fish. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4765. [PMID: 29796342 PMCID: PMC5961637 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeoviscous adaptation (HVA) is a key cellular response by which fish protect their membranes against thermal stress. We investigated evolutionary HVA (long time scale) in Antarctic and non-Antarctic fish. Membrane lipid composition was determined for four Perciformes fish: two closely related Antarctic notothenioid species (Trematomus bernacchii and Pagothenia borchgrevinki); a diversified related notothenioid Antarctic icefish (Chionodraco hamatus); and a New Zealand species (Notolabrus celidotus). The membrane lipid compositions were consistent across the three Antarctic species and these were significantly different from that of the New Zealand species. Furthermore, acclimatory HVA (short time periods with seasonal changes) was investigated to determine whether stenothermal Antarctic fish, which evolved in the cold, stable environment of the Southern Ocean, have lost the acclimatory capacity to modulate their membrane saturation states, making them vulnerable to anthropogenic global warming. We compared liver membrane lipid composition in two closely related Antarctic fish species acclimated at 0 °C (control temperature), 4 °C for a period of 14 days in T. bernacchii and 28 days for P. borchgrevinki, and 6 °C for 7 days in both species. Thermal acclimation at 4 °C did not result in changed membrane saturation states in either Antarctic species. Despite this, membrane functions were not compromised, as indicated by declining serum osmolality, implying positive compensation by enhanced hypo-osmoregulation. Increasing the temperature to 6 °C did not change the membrane lipids of P. borchgrevinki. However, in T. bernacchii, thermal acclimation at 6 °C resulted in an increase of membrane saturated fatty acids and a decline in unsaturated fatty acids. This is the first study to show a homeoviscous response to higher temperatures in an Antarctic fish, although for only one of the two species examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita C Malekar
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James D Morton
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard N Hider
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robert H Cruickshank
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Simon Hodge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Victoria J Metcalf
- Office of the Prime Minister's Chief Science Advisor, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Ghigliotti L, Ferrando S, Di Blasi D, Carlig E, Gallus L, Stevens D, Vacchi M, J Parker S. Surface egg structure and early embryonic development of the Antarctic toothfish, Dissostichus mawsoni Norman 1937. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Le François NR, Sheehan E, Desvignes T, Belzile C, Postlethwait JH, Detrich HW. Characterization and husbandry of wild broodstock of the blackfin icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus (Lönnberg 1906) from the Palmer Archipelago (Southern Ocean) for breeding purposes. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cold Fusion: Massive Karyotype Evolution in the Antarctic Bullhead Notothen Notothenia coriiceps. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:2195-2207. [PMID: 28576775 PMCID: PMC5498148 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Half of all vertebrate species share a series of chromosome fusions that preceded the teleost genome duplication (TGD), but we do not understand the causative evolutionary mechanisms. The "Robertsonian-translocation hypothesis" suggests a regular fusion of each ancestral acro- or telocentric chromosome to just one other by centromere fusions, thus halving the karyotype. An alternative "genome-stirring hypothesis" posits haphazard and repeated fusions, inversions, and reciprocal and nonreciprocal translocations. To study large-scale karyotype reduction, we investigated the decrease of chromosome numbers in Antarctic notothenioid fish. Most notothenioids have 24 haploid chromosomes, but bullhead notothen (Notothenia coriiceps) has 11. To understand mechanisms, we made a RAD-tag meiotic map with ∼10,000 polymorphic markers. Comparative genomics aligned about a thousand orthologs of platyfish and stickleback genes along bullhead chromosomes. Results revealed that 9 of 11 bullhead chromosomes arose by fusion of just two ancestral chromosomes and two others by fusion of three ancestral chromosomes. All markers from each ancestral chromosome remained contiguous, implying no inversions across fusion borders. Karyotype comparisons support a history of: (1) Robertsonian fusions of 22 ancestral chromosomes in pairs to yield 11 fused plus two small unfused chromosomes, like N. angustata; (2) fusion of one of the remaining two ancestral chromosomes to a preexisting fused pair, giving 12 chromosomes like N. rossii; and (3) fusion of the remaining ancestral chromosome to another fused pair, giving 11 chromosomes in N. coriiceps These results raise the question of what selective forces promoted the systematic fusion of chromosomes in pairs and the suppression of pericentric inversions in this lineage, and provide a model for chromosome fusions in stem teleosts.
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Labuz JM, Moraes C, Mertz DR, Leung BM, Takayama S. Building an experimental model of the human body with non-physiological parameters. TECHNOLOGY 2017; 5:42-59. [PMID: 28713851 PMCID: PMC5509033 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547817500029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
New advances in engineering and biomedical technology have enabled recent efforts to capture essential aspects of human physiology in microscale, in-vitro systems. The application of these advances to experimentally model complex processes in an integrated platform - commonly called a 'human-on-a-chip (HOC)' - requires that relevant compartments and parameters be sized correctly relative to each other and to the system as a whole. Empirical observation, theoretical treatments of resource distribution systems and natural experiments can all be used to inform rational design of such a system, but technical and fundamental challenges (e.g. small system blood volumes and context-dependent cell metabolism, respectively) pose substantial, unaddressed obstacles. Here, we put forth two fundamental principles for HOC design: inducing in-vivo-like cellular metabolic rates is necessary and may be accomplished in-vitro by limiting O2 availability and that the effects of increased blood volumes on drug concentration can be mitigated through pharmacokinetics-based treatments of solute distribution. Combining these principles with natural observation and engineering workarounds, we derive a complete set of design criteria for a practically realizable, physiologically faithful, five-organ millionth-scale (× 10-6) microfluidic model of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Labuz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex (NCRC), MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - David R Mertz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex (NCRC), MI 48109, USA
| | - Brendan M Leung
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia (NS), B3H 4R2, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculties of Medicine and Engineering, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia (NS), B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex (NCRC), MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Harter TS, Brauner CJ. The O 2 and CO 2 Transport System in Teleosts and the Specialized Mechanisms That Enhance Hb–O 2 Unloading to Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.fp.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Desvignes T, Detrich HW, Postlethwait JH. Genomic conservation of erythropoietic microRNAs (erythromiRs) in white-blooded Antarctic icefish. Mar Genomics 2016; 30:27-34. [PMID: 27189439 PMCID: PMC5108692 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
White-blooded Antarctic crocodile icefish are the only vertebrates known to lack functional hemoglobin genes and red blood cells throughout their lives. We do not yet know, however, whether extinction of hemoglobin genes preceded loss of red blood cells or vice versa, nor whether erythropoiesis regulators disappeared along with hemoglobin genes in this erythrocyte-null clade. Several microRNAs, which we here call erythromiRs, are expressed primarily in developing red blood cells in zebrafish, mouse, and humans. Abrogating some erythromiRs, like mir144 and mir451a, leads to profound anemia, demonstrating a functional role in erythropoiesis. Here, we tested two not mutually exclusive hypotheses: 1) that the loss of one or more erythromiR genes extinguished the erythropoietic program of icefish and/or led to the loss of globin gene expression through pseudogenization; and 2) that some erythromiR genes were secondarily lost after the loss of functional hemoglobin and red blood cells in icefish. We explored small RNA transcriptomes generated from the hematopoietic kidney marrow of four Antarctic notothenioids: two red-blooded species (bullhead notothen Notothenia coriiceps and emerald notothen Trematomus bernacchii) and two white-blooded icefish (blackfin icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus and hooknose icefish Chionodraco hamatus). The N. coriiceps genome assembly anchored analyses. Results showed that, like the two red-blooded species, the blackfin icefish genome possessed and the marrow expressed all known erythromiRs. This result indicates that loss of hemoglobin and red blood cells in icefish was not caused by loss of known erythromiR genes. Furthermore, expression of only one erythromiR, mir96, appears to have been lost after the loss of red blood cells and hemoglobin-expression was not detected in the erythropoietic organ of hooknose icefish but was present in blackfin icefish. All other erythromiRs investigated, including mir144 and mir451a, were expressed by all four species and thus are present in the genomes of at least the two white-blooded icefish. Our results rule out the hypothesis that genomic loss of any known erythromiRs extinguished erythropoiesis in icefish, and suggest that after the loss of red blood cells, few erythromiRs experienced secondary loss. Results suggest that functions independent of erythropoiesis maintained erythromiRs, thereby highlighting the evolutionary resilience of miRNA genes in vertebrate genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
| | - H William Detrich
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, MA, 01908, USA.
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Hu Y, Ghigliotti L, Vacchi M, Pisano E, Detrich HW, Albertson RC. Evolution in an extreme environment: developmental biases and phenotypic integration in the adaptive radiation of antarctic notothenioids. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:142. [PMID: 27356756 PMCID: PMC4928320 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past 40 million years water temperatures have dramatically dropped in the Southern Ocean, which has led to the local extinction of most nearshore fish lineages. The evolution of antifreeze glycoproteins in notothenioids, however, enabled these ancestrally benthic fishes to survive and adapt as temperatures reached the freezing point of seawater (−1.86 °C). Antarctic notothenioids now represent the primary teleost lineage in the Southern Ocean and are of fundamental importance to the local ecosystem. The radiation of notothenioids has been fostered by the evolution of “secondary pelagicism”, the invasion of pelagic habitats, as the group diversified to fill newly available foraging niches in the water column. While elaborate craniofacial modifications have accompanied this adaptive radiation, little is known about how these morphological changes have contributed to the evolutionary success of notothenioids. Results We used a 3D-morphometrics approach to investigate patterns of morphological variation in the craniofacial skeleton among notothenioids, and show that variation in head shape is best explained by divergent selection with respect to foraging niche. We document further an accelerated rate of morphological evolution in the icefish family Channichthyidae, and show that their rapid diversification was accompanied by the evolution of relatively high levels of morphological integration. Whereas most studies suggest that extensive integration should constrain phenotypic evolution, icefish stand out as a rare example of increased integration possibly facilitating evolutionary potential. Finally, we show that the unique feeding apparatus in notothenioids in general, and icefish in particular, can be traced to shifts in early developmental patterning mechanisms and ongoing growth of the pharyngeal skeleton. Conclusion Our work suggests that ecological opportunity is a major factor driving craniofacial variation in this group. Further, the observation that closely related lineages can differ dramatically in integration suggests that this trait can evolve quickly. We propose that the evolution of high levels of phenotypic integration in icefishes may be considered a key innovation that facilitated their morphological evolution and subsequent ecological expansion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0704-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hu
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA. .,Present Address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| | - Laura Ghigliotti
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), CNR, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marino Vacchi
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR), CNR, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eva Pisano
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - H William Detrich
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, MA, 01908, USA
| | - R Craig Albertson
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Lipid dynamics in early life stages of the icefish Chionodraco hamatus in the Dumont d’Urville Sea (East Antarctica). Polar Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-016-1956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Song W, Li L, Huang H, Meng Y, Jiang K, Zhang F, Chen X, Ma L. The complete mitochondrial genome of Chionodraco hamatus (Notothenioidei: Channichthyidae) with phylogenetic consideration. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2016; 1:52-53. [PMID: 33473405 PMCID: PMC7800830 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2015.1137819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Chionodraco hamatus was obtained, which was 17 457 bp in length. This genome consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and a putative control region. Of the 37 genes, 28 were encoded by heavy strand, while 9 were encoded by light strand. Overall base composition of mitogenome is estimated to be 26.38% for A, 17.44% for G, 26.00% for T, 30.18% for C, respectively, with a slight A + T bias (52.38%). The phylogenetic analysis based on 13 concatenated protein-coding genes suggested that C. hamatus as a sister species to Chionodraco myersi was clustered in family Chionodraco. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of C. hamatus could provide a basic data for the studies on evolution for low temperature adaptability, population structure, molecular systematic, stock evaluation and conservation genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyong Meng
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keji Jiang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuezhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingbo Ma
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Dornburg A, Eytan RI, Federman S, Pennington JN, Stewart AL, Jones CD, Near TJ. Molecular data support the existence of two species of the Antarctic fish genus Cryodraco (Channichthyidae). Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Assessing consistency of fish survey data: uncertainties in the estimation of mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) abundance at South Georgia. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Life history strategies of the Scotia Sea icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus, along the Southern Scotia Ridge. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Xu Q, Cai C, Hu X, Liu Y, Guo Y, Hu P, Chen Z, Peng S, Zhang D, Jiang S, Wu Z, Chan J, Chen L. Evolutionary suppression of erythropoiesis via the modulation of TGF-β signalling in an Antarctic icefish. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:4664-78. [PMID: 26268413 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic icefish, a family (Channichthyidae) of teleosts within the perciform suborder Notothenioidei, are the only known vertebrates without oxygen-transporting haemoglobins and that are largely devoid of circulating erythrocytes. To elucidate the evo-devo mechanisms underpinning the suppressed erythropoiesis in the icefish, we conducted comparative studies on the transcriptomes and microRNAomes of the primary haematopoietic tissues between an icefish (Chionodraco hamatus) and two red-blooded notothenioids (Trematomus bernacchii and Gymnodraco acuticeps). We identified substantial remodelling of the haematopoietic programs in the icefish through which erythropoiesis is selectively suppressed. Experimental verification showed that erythropoietic suppression in the icefish may be attributable to the upregulation of TGF-β signalling, which coincides with reductions in multiple transcription factors essential for erythropoiesis and the upregulation of hundreds of microRNAs, the majority (> 80%) of which potentially target erythropoiesis regulating factors. Of the six microRNAs selected for verification, three miRNAs (miR-152, miR-1388 and miR-16b) demonstrated suppressive functions on GATA1 and ALAS2, which are two factors important for erythroid differentiation, resulting in reduced numbers of erythroids in microinjected zebra fish embryos. Codon substitution analyses of the genes of the TGF-β superfamily revealed signs of positive selection in TGF-β1 and endoglin in the lineages leading to Antarctic notothenioids. Both genes are previously known to function in erythropoietic suppression. These findings implied a general trend of erythropoietic suppression in the cold-adapted notothenioid lineages through evolutionary modulation of the multi-functional TGF-β signalling pathway. This trend is more pronounced in the haemoglobin-less icefish, which may pre-emptively hinder the otherwise defective erythroids from production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xingxing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zuozhou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Sihua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shouwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiulin Chan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Riccio A, Gogliettino M, Palmieri G, Balestrieri M, Facchiano A, Rossi M, Palumbo S, Monti G, Cocca E. A New APEH Cluster with Antioxidant Functions in the Antarctic Hemoglobinless Icefish Chionodraco hamatus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125594. [PMID: 25946123 PMCID: PMC4422685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH) is a ubiquitous cytosolic protease that plays an important role in the detoxification of oxidised proteins. In this work, to further explore the physiological role of this enzyme, two apeh cDNAs were isolated from the Chionodraco hamatus icefish, which lives in the highly oxygenated Antarctic marine environment. The encoded proteins (APEH-1(Ch) and APEH-2(Ch)) were characterised in comparison with the uniquely expressed isoform from the temperate fish Dicentrarchus labrax (APEH-1Dl) and the two APEHs from the red-blooded Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii (APEH-1(Tb) and APEH-2(Tb)). Homology modelling and kinetic characterisation of the APEH isoforms provided new insights into their structure/function properties. APEH-2 isoforms were the only ones capable of hydrolysing oxidised proteins, with APEH-2(Ch) being more efficient than APEH-2(Tb) at this specific function. Therefore, this ability of APEH-2 isoforms is the result of an evolutionary adaptation due to the pressure of a richly oxygenated environment. The lack of expression of APEH-2 in the tissues of the temperate fish used as the controls further supported this hypothesis. In addition, analysis of gene expression showed a significant discrepancy between the levels of transcripts and those of proteins, especially for apeh-2 genes, which suggests the presence of post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms, triggered by cold-induced oxidative stress, that produce high basal levels of APEH-2 mRNA as a reserve that is ready to use in case of the accumulation of oxidised proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Riccio
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Marta Gogliettino
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianna Palmieri
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Marco Balestrieri
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Facchiano
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences (CNR-ISA), Avellino, Italy
| | - Mosè Rossi
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Palumbo
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Ennio Cocca
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (CNR-IBBR), Napoli, Italy
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Young EF, Belchier M, Hauser L, Horsburgh GJ, Meredith MP, Murphy EJ, Pascoal S, Rock J, Tysklind N, Carvalho GR. Oceanography and life history predict contrasting genetic population structure in two Antarctic fish species. Evol Appl 2015; 8:486-509. [PMID: 26029262 PMCID: PMC4430772 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the key drivers of population connectivity in the marine environment is essential for the effective management of natural resources. Although several different approaches to evaluating connectivity have been used, they are rarely integrated quantitatively. Here, we use a 'seascape genetics' approach, by combining oceanographic modelling and microsatellite analyses, to understand the dominant influences on the population genetic structure of two Antarctic fishes with contrasting life histories, Champsocephalus gunnari and Notothenia rossii. The close accord between the model projections and empirical genetic structure demonstrated that passive dispersal during the planktonic early life stages is the dominant influence on patterns and extent of genetic structuring in both species. The shorter planktonic phase of C. gunnari restricts direct transport of larvae between distant populations, leading to stronger regional differentiation. By contrast, geographic distance did not affect differentiation in N. rossii, whose longer larval period promotes long-distance dispersal. Interannual variability in oceanographic flows strongly influenced the projected genetic structure, suggesting that shifts in circulation patterns due to climate change are likely to impact future genetic connectivity and opportunities for local adaptation, resilience and recovery from perturbations. Further development of realistic climate models is required to fully assess such potential impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenz Hauser
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gavin J Horsburgh
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Sonia Pascoal
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Jennifer Rock
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK ; School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University Bangor, Gwynedd, UK ; Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Otago Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Niklas Tysklind
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University Bangor, Gwynedd, UK ; Present address: Campus Agronomique BP 709-97387, Kourou Cedex, France
| | - Gary R Carvalho
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
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