1
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Askri D, Pottier M, Arafah K, Voisin SN, Hodge S, Stout JC, Dominik C, Schweiger O, Tamburini G, Pereira-Peixoto MH, Klein AM, López VM, De la Rúa P, Cini E, Potts SG, Schwarz JM, Knauer AC, Albrecht M, Raimets R, Karise R, di Prisco G, Ivarsson K, Svensson GP, Ronsevych O, Knapp JL, Rundlöf M, Onorati P, de Miranda JR, Bocquet M, Bulet P. A blood test to monitor bee health across a European network of agricultural sites of different land-use by MALDI BeeTyping mass spectrometry. Sci Total Environ 2024; 929:172239. [PMID: 38583620 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
There are substantial concerns about impaired honey bee health and colony losses due to several poorly understood factors. We used MALDI profiling (MALDI BeeTyping®) analysis to investigate how some environmental and management factors under field conditions across Europe affected the honey bee haemolymph peptidome (all peptides in the circulatory fluid), as a profile of molecular markers representing the immune status of Apis mellifera. Honey bees were exposed to a range of environmental stressors in 128 agricultural sites across eight European countries in four biogeographic zones, with each country contributing eight sites each for two different cropping systems: oilseed rape (OSR) and apple (APP). The full haemolymph peptide profiles, including the presence and levels of three key immunity markers, namely the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) Apidaecin, Abaecin and Defensin-1, allowed the honey bee responses to environmental variables to be discriminated by country, crop type and site. When considering just the AMPs, it was not possible to distinguish between countries by the prevalence of each AMP in the samples. However, it was possible to discriminate between countries on the amounts of the AMPs, with the Swedish samples in particular expressing high amounts of all AMPs. A machine learning model was developed to discriminate the haemolymphs of bees from APP and OSR sites. The model was 90.6 % accurate in identifying the crop type from the samples used to build the model. Overall, MALDI BeeTyping® of bee haemolymph represents a promising and cost-effective "blood test" for simultaneously monitoring dozens of peptide markers affected by environmental stressors at the landscape scale, thus providing policymakers with new diagnostic and regulatory tools for monitoring bee health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalel Askri
- Platform BioPark Archamps, Archamps, France.
| | | | | | | | - Simon Hodge
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane C Stout
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christophe Dominik
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Dep. Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Dep. Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Giovanni Tamburini
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vicente Martínez López
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar De la Rúa
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Cini
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Janine M Schwarz
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anina C Knauer
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Risto Raimets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Reet Karise
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Gennaro di Prisco
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, 40128 Bologna, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, The Italian National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - Kjell Ivarsson
- Federation of Swedish Farmers (LRF), 105 33 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Piero Onorati
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim R de Miranda
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Philippe Bulet
- CR, University Grenoble Alpes, IAB INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France
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2
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Laurent M, Bougeard S, Caradec L, Ghestem F, Albrecht M, Brown MJF, DE Miranda J, Karise R, Knapp J, Serrano J, Potts SG, Rundlöf M, Schwarz J, Attridge E, Babin A, Bottero I, Cini E, DE LA Rúa P, DI Prisco G, Dominik C, Dzul D, García Reina A, Hodge S, Klein AM, Knauer A, Mand M, Martínez López V, Serra G, Pereira-Peixoto H, Raimets R, Schweiger O, Senapathi D, Stout JC, Tamburini G, Costa C, Kiljanek T, Martel AC, LE S, Chauzat MP. Novel indices reveal that pollinator exposure to pesticides varies across biological compartments and crop surroundings. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172118. [PMID: 38569959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Declines in insect pollinators have been linked to a range of causative factors such as disease, loss of habitats, the quality and availability of food, and exposure to pesticides. Here, we analysed an extensive dataset generated from pesticide screening of foraging insects, pollen-nectar stores/beebread, pollen and ingested nectar across three species of bees collected at 128 European sites set in two types of crop. In this paper, we aimed to (i) derive a new index to summarise key aspects of complex pesticide exposure data and (ii) understand the links between pesticide exposures depicted by the different matrices, bee species and apple orchards versus oilseed rape crops. We found that summary indices were highly correlated with the number of pesticides detected in the related matrix but not with which pesticides were present. Matrices collected from apple orchards generally contained a higher number of pesticides (7.6 pesticides per site) than matrices from sites collected from oilseed rape crops (3.5 pesticides), with fungicides being highly represented in apple crops. A greater number of pesticides were found in pollen-nectar stores/beebread and pollen matrices compared with nectar and bee body matrices. Our results show that for a complete assessment of pollinator pesticide exposure, it is necessary to consider several different exposure routes and multiple species of bees across different agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Laurent
- Anses, Sophia Antipolis laboratory, Unit of Honeybee Pathology, France
| | - Stéphanie Bougeard
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Epidemiology and welfare of pork, France
| | - Lucile Caradec
- CNRS, Statistics and Computer Science Department, L'Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, UMR 6625 IRMAR CNRS, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Florence Ghestem
- CNRS, Statistics and Computer Science Department, L'Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, UMR 6625 IRMAR CNRS, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark J F Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | | | - Reet Karise
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1a, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jessica Knapp
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - José Serrano
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Simon G Potts
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Janine Schwarz
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Aurélie Babin
- Anses, Sophia Antipolis laboratory, Unit of Honeybee Pathology, France
| | - Irene Bottero
- Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elena Cini
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Pilar DE LA Rúa
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gennaro DI Prisco
- CREA - Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy; Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, The Italian National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - Christophe Dominik
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Dep. Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Daniel Dzul
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrés García Reina
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Simon Hodge
- Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alexandra M Klein
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anina Knauer
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marika Mand
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1a, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vicente Martínez López
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Giorgia Serra
- CREA - Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Risto Raimets
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1a, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Dep. Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Deepa Senapathi
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Jane C Stout
- Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Giovanni Tamburini
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cecilia Costa
- CREA - Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tomasz Kiljanek
- PIWET, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | | | - Sébastien LE
- CNRS, Statistics and Computer Science Department, L'Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, UMR 6625 IRMAR CNRS, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Chauzat
- Anses, Sophia Antipolis laboratory, Unit of Honeybee Pathology, France; Paris-Est University, Anses, Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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Nicholson CC, Knapp J, Kiljanek T, Albrecht M, Chauzat MP, Costa C, De la Rúa P, Klein AM, Mänd M, Potts SG, Schweiger O, Bottero I, Cini E, de Miranda JR, Di Prisco G, Dominik C, Hodge S, Kaunath V, Knauer A, Laurent M, Martínez-López V, Medrzycki P, Pereira-Peixoto MH, Raimets R, Schwarz JM, Senapathi D, Tamburini G, Brown MJF, Stout JC, Rundlöf M. Pesticide use negatively affects bumble bees across European landscapes. Nature 2024; 628:355-358. [PMID: 38030722 PMCID: PMC11006599 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture requires balancing crop yields with the effects of pesticides on non-target organisms, such as bees and other crop pollinators. Field studies demonstrated that agricultural use of neonicotinoid insecticides can negatively affect wild bee species1,2, leading to restrictions on these compounds3. However, besides neonicotinoids, field-based evidence of the effects of landscape pesticide exposure on wild bees is lacking. Bees encounter many pesticides in agricultural landscapes4-9 and the effects of this landscape exposure on colony growth and development of any bee species remains unknown. Here we show that the many pesticides found in bumble bee-collected pollen are associated with reduced colony performance during crop bloom, especially in simplified landscapes with intensive agricultural practices. Our results from 316 Bombus terrestris colonies at 106 agricultural sites across eight European countries confirm that the regulatory system fails to sufficiently prevent pesticide-related impacts on non-target organisms, even for a eusocial pollinator species in which colony size may buffer against such impacts10,11. These findings support the need for postapproval monitoring of both pesticide exposure and effects to confirm that the regulatory process is sufficiently protective in limiting the collateral environmental damage of agricultural pesticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Knapp
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Tomasz Kiljanek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Chauzat
- Laboratory for Animal Health, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cecilia Costa
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Agriculture and Environment Research Centre, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pilar De la Rúa
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marika Mänd
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irene Bottero
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena Cini
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Joachim R de Miranda
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gennaro Di Prisco
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Agriculture and Environment Research Centre, Bologna, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, The Italian National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Christophe Dominik
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simon Hodge
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vera Kaunath
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anina Knauer
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Laurent
- Unit of Honey Bee Pathology, Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, ANSES, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | - Piotr Medrzycki
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Agriculture and Environment Research Centre, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Risto Raimets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Deepa Senapathi
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Giovanni Tamburini
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mark J F Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Jane C Stout
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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4
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Rodgers E, Nicolson E, Lauder S, Hodge S. Response of Pasture Grasses to Organic Fertilizer Produced from Black Soldier Fly Frass. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:943. [PMID: 38611472 PMCID: PMC11013756 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Livestock and dairy farmers are increasingly required to maintain productivity and profitability while mitigating the environmental harm associated with high-input agriculture. Accordingly, to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers, a wide range of organically derived products are being evaluated for their effects on sward growth and forage quality. This study used glasshouse experiments to investigate the responses of four grass species to a novel organic fertilizer derived from the mass production of black soldier fly larvae [Hermetia illucens, HexaFrass™, Meath, Ireland]. Although there was some variability among trials, overall our results indicate that application of HexaFrass produced increased shoot growth of Perennial Ryegrass (PRG; Lolium perenne L.), Timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) compared with growth achieved in no-fertilizer control plants. In addition to increases in shoot fresh and dry weight, shoot chlorophyll content was also positively related to the HexaFrass application rate. At nitrogen-equivalent application rates, HexaFrass resulted in lower shoot growth compared with the application of urea, suggesting that the nitrogen contained in HexaFrass may not be immediately plant-available. Of relevance to grazing or silage systems, the addition of HexaFrass resulted in increased shoot regrowth of PRG and Timothy after shoots had been cut. Based on our results, insect-frass-based fertilizers may have a role in low input, organic, and/or regenerative pasture-based livestock systems, although issues may occur due to the relatively high costs and low availability compared with other organic soil amendments such as farmyard manure and slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simon Hodge
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 Dublin, Ireland; (E.R.); (E.N.)
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5
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Babin A, Schurr F, Delannoy S, Fach P, Huyen Ton Nu Nguyet M, Bougeard S, de Miranda JR, Rundlöf M, Wintermantel D, Albrecht M, Attridge E, Bottero I, Cini E, Costa C, De la Rúa P, Di Prisco G, Dominik C, Dzul D, Hodge S, Klein AM, Knapp J, Knauer AC, Mänd M, Martínez-López V, Medrzycki P, Pereira-Peixoto MH, Potts SG, Raimets R, Schweiger O, Senapathi D, Serrano J, Stout JC, Tamburini G, Brown MJF, Laurent M, Rivière MP, Chauzat MP, Dubois E. Distribution of infectious and parasitic agents among three sentinel bee species across European agricultural landscapes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3524. [PMID: 38347035 PMCID: PMC10861508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53357-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious and parasitic agents (IPAs) and their associated diseases are major environmental stressors that jeopardize bee health, both alone and in interaction with other stressors. Their impact on pollinator communities can be assessed by studying multiple sentinel bee species. Here, we analysed the field exposure of three sentinel managed bee species (Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris and Osmia bicornis) to 11 IPAs (six RNA viruses, two bacteria, three microsporidia). The sentinel bees were deployed at 128 sites in eight European countries adjacent to either oilseed rape fields or apple orchards during crop bloom. Adult bees of each species were sampled before their placement and after crop bloom. The IPAs were detected and quantified using a harmonised, high-throughput and semi-automatized qPCR workflow. We describe differences among bee species in IPA profiles (richness, diversity, detection frequencies, loads and their change upon field exposure, and exposure risk), with no clear patterns related to the country or focal crop. Our results suggest that the most frequent IPAs in adult bees are more appropriate for assessing the bees' IPA exposure risk. We also report positive correlations of IPA loads supporting the potential IPA transmission among sentinels, suggesting careful consideration should be taken when introducing managed pollinators in ecologically sensitive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Babin
- ANSES, Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, Unit of Honey bee Pathology, 06902, Sophia Antipolis, France.
| | - Frank Schurr
- ANSES, Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, Unit of Honey bee Pathology, 06902, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- IdentyPath Genomics Platform, Food Safety Laboratory, ANSES, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Patrick Fach
- IdentyPath Genomics Platform, Food Safety Laboratory, ANSES, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Bougeard
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Epidemiology and Welfare, France
| | - Joachim R de Miranda
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dimitry Wintermantel
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eleanor Attridge
- Federation of Irish Beekeepers' Associations, Tullamore, Ireland
| | - Irene Bottero
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena Cini
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Cecilia Costa
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pilar De la Rúa
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gennaro Di Prisco
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, The Italian National Research Council, Piazzale E. Ferni 1, 80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Christophe Dominik
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology, 06120, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Dzul
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Simon Hodge
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Knapp
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anina C Knauer
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marika Mänd
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vicente Martínez-López
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Bioscience Building, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK
| | - Piotr Medrzycki
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Helena Pereira-Peixoto
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Risto Raimets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology, 06120, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Deepa Senapathi
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - José Serrano
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jane C Stout
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giovanni Tamburini
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- University of Bari, Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA-Entomology and Zoology), Bari, Italy
| | - Mark J F Brown
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Marion Laurent
- ANSES, Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, Unit of Honey bee Pathology, 06902, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Rivière
- ANSES, Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, Unit of Honey bee Pathology, 06902, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Chauzat
- ANSES, Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, Unit of Honey bee Pathology, 06902, Sophia Antipolis, France
- Paris-Est University, ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eric Dubois
- ANSES, Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, Unit of Honey bee Pathology, 06902, Sophia Antipolis, France.
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6
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Karbassioon A, Yearlsey J, Dirilgen T, Hodge S, Stout JC, Stanley DA. Responses in honeybee and bumblebee activity to changes in weather conditions. Oecologia 2023; 201:689-701. [PMID: 36790571 PMCID: PMC10038957 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Insect pollination, and in particular pollination by bees, is a highly valued ecosystem service that ensures plant reproduction and the production of high-quality crops. Bee activity is known to be influenced by the weather, and as the global climate continues to change, the flying frequency and foraging behaviour of bees may also change. To maximise the benefits of pollination in a changing world, we must first understand how current weather conditions influence the activity of different bee species. This is of particular interest in a country such as Ireland where inclement weather conditions are nominally sub-optimal for foraging. We observed honeybee (Apis mellifera) and buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) activity across a variety of weather conditions at seven apple orchards to determine how four weather variables (temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, wind) influenced the flight activity of each species. Each orchard contained three honeybee and three bumblebee colonies, and so we were able to observe a colony of each species concurrently in the same weather conditions. Overall, honeybees were more sensitive to changes in weather than bumblebees and could be more predisposed to future changes in within-day weather conditions. Our results indicate bumblebees could compensate for low honeybee activity in inclement conditions, which supports the theory that pollinator diversity provides resilience. This may be particularly important in management of pollinators in crops that flower in the spring when weather is more variable, and to allow varied responses to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrian Karbassioon
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Jon Yearlsey
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tara Dirilgen
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon Hodge
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane C Stout
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dara A Stanley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Carroll A, Fitzpatrick M, Hodge S. The Effects of Two Organic Soil Amendments, Biochar and Insect Frass Fertilizer, on Shoot Growth of Cereal Seedlings. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1071. [PMID: 36903931 PMCID: PMC10004817 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To mitigate the environmental harm associated with high-input agriculture, arable farmers are increasingly required to maintain productivity while reducing inputs of synthetic fertilizers. Thus, a diverse range of organic products are now being investigated in terms of their value as alternative fertilizers and soil amendments. This study used a series of glasshouse trials to investigate the effects of an insect frass-based fertilizer derived from black soldier fly waste [HexaFrass™, Meath, Ireland] and biochar on four cereals grown in Ireland (barley, oats, triticale, spelt) as animal feed and for human consumption. In general, the application of low quantities of HexaFrass™ resulted in significant increases in shoot growth in all four cereal species, along with increased foliage concentrations of NPK and SPAD levels (a measure of chlorophyll density). These positive effects of HexaFrass™ on shoot growth were observed, however, only when a potting mix with low basal nutrients was used. Additionally, excessive application of HexaFrass™ resulted in reduced shoot growth and, in some cases, seedling mortality. The application of finely ground or crushed biochar produced from four different feedstocks (Ulex, Juncus, woodchip, olive stone) had no consistent positive or negative effects on cereal shoot growth. Overall, our results indicate that insect frass-based fertilizers have good potential in low-input, organic, or regenerative cereal production systems. Based on our results, biochar appears to have less potential as a plant growth promoting product, but could be used as a tool for lowering whole-farm carbon budgets by providing a simplistic means of storing carbon in farm soils.
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Bonaca M, Debus S, Nehler M, Anand S, Patel M, Pap AF, Deng H, Hodge S, Szarek M, Haskell L, Muehlhofer E, Berkowitz S, Bauersachs R. Evaluation of the benefit of rivaroxaban on VOYAGER PAD primary composite of limb, heart and brain outcomes using the global rank and win ratio methods. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Introduction
The VOYAGER PAD trial demonstrated that rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily added to background antiplatelet therapy reduced a composite of irreversible harm events of the heart limb and brain versus placebo in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) after lower extremity revascularization. The primary analysis was performed as time to first event with equal weighting of components including fatal and non-fatal events.
Purpose
Traditional time to event analyses of composites generally assess outcomes with equal weights. Analyses evaluating outcomes using ranked or weighted methods may provide clinicians a mechanism to interpret results including different weighting and enable shared decision making with patients.
Methods
Exploratory analyses of the primary composite outcome were prespecified prior to trial completion/database lock. Two previously described approaches to evaluate composite outcomes by ranking or weighting were utilized. The first was the global rank method which includes ranking all components of the composite by order of clinical importance (Table 1) with a primary and alternative ranking prespecified. Each patient is assigned a rank with the worse rank for worse outcome and for patients with the same outcome, those occurring earlier assigned the worse rank. Van Elteren test for differences between groups was applied stratified by type of procedure and clopidogrel use consistent with the primary trial analysis. The second was the unmatched win ratio method according to Pocock's rule which ranked CV death higher than non-fatal events and then compared pairs of subjects, one from each treatment group for wins and losses for wins and losses as outlined in Table 1. Finkelstein and Schoenfeld statistics were utilized with confidence intervals provided from bootstrapping.
Results
A total of 6564 patients were randomized and all outcomes through the common study end date were counted. The global rank method using both the primary and alternative method yielded a statistically significant superior effect of rivaroxaban versus placebo (p-value for primary ranking 0.0158, p-value for alternative ranking 0.0155). When using the win-ratio approach, there were more wins for rivaroxaban (14.8%) than placebo (12.8%) with 72.4% of patients having no primary component events (Figure 1). The overall win ratio was 1.16 95% CI (1.03–1.30) in favor of rivaroxaban with p=0.0167.
Conclusion(s)
Rivaroxaban significantly reduces acute limb ischemia, amputation, MI, ischemic stroke or CV death in PAD after lower extremity revascularization. Exploratory analyses of this efficacy composite show consistent superiority either when considered as a ranked hierarchy of outcomes with CV death as the worst or whether considering a win-ratio approach ranking CV death as worse followed by non-fatal events. These data support the robustness of the primary trial results when considering ranking of the composite components.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Bayer
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonaca
- University of Colorado, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , Aurora , United States of America
| | - S Debus
- The University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Vascular Medicine, Vascular Surgery – Angiology – Endovascular Therapy , Hamburg , Germany
| | - M Nehler
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery , Aurora , United States of America
| | - S Anand
- McMaster University, Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences , Hamilton , Canada
| | - M Patel
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Division of Cardiology , Durham , United States of America
| | - A F Pap
- Bayer AG, Biostatistics , Wuppertal , Germany
| | - H Deng
- Janssen Research and Development, Biostatistics , Raritan , United States of America
| | - S Hodge
- Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Biostatistics , Reading , United Kingdom
| | - M Szarek
- University of Colorado, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , Aurora , United States of America
| | - L Haskell
- Janssen Research and Development , Raritan , United States of America
| | - E Muehlhofer
- Bayer AG, Research & Development , Wuppertal , Germany
| | - S Berkowitz
- University of Colorado, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , Aurora , United States of America
| | - R Bauersachs
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis , Mainz , Germany
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Borkent S, Hodge S. Glasshouse Evaluation of the Black Soldier Fly Waste Product HexaFrass™ as an Organic Fertilizer. Insects 2021; 12:insects12110977. [PMID: 34821778 PMCID: PMC8625123 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years farmers have relied on highly efficient synthetic nitrogen fertilizers to achieve increased yields. However, the extensive application of nitrogen-based fertilizers is now associated with several negative impacts on the environment, such as pollution of waterways and eutrophication of lakes and estuaries. To promote more sustainable food production, less environmentally damaging methods of adding nutrients and organic matter to soils are needed. One potential organic fertilizer has arisen recently as a by-product of insect farming. Mass production of the black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens L.) results in the production of waste or frass, which is high in organic matter and contains essential plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. In this study, it was found that one such product, HexaFrass™, improved the shoot and root growth of several herb and vegetable plants when grown under glasshouse conditions, and had similar effects to other commonly-used organic fertilizers, such as chicken manure pellets. As HexaFrass™ is a waste by-product, and the BSF are themselves raised on other food or organic wastes, the use of BSF frass has good potential as a sustainable, more environmentally-friendly, organic soil amendment. Abstract The mass farming of the black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens L.), to produce insect-based feed for livestock and fish, results in considerable amounts of insect frass, which contains substantial amounts of organic matter and bioavailable nutrients. Insect frass has shown good potential as a soil amendment and organic fertilizer. This study examined the effects of HexaFrass™ on the growth of common vegetables and herbs under glasshouse conditions. In an organically-rich potting mix, HexaFrass™ increased shoot dry weight by an average of 25%, although this effect was variable among test plants. In other trials, application of HexaFrass™ caused an increase in plant growth similar to that obtained by applying chicken manure and a commercial organic fertilizer. Increases in shoot and root dry weight showed quadratic relationships with HexaFrass™ dose, indicating that application of excessive quantities could lead to plant inhibition. Shoot:root dry matter ratio tended to increase with HexaFrass™ dose suggesting there was no specific stimulation or enhancement of root growth. Overall, these results provide further evidence of the potential of insect frass as an effective organic fertilizer for vegetables and herbs.
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Vanderplanck M, Michez D, Albrecht M, Attridge E, Babin A, Bottero I, Breeze T, Brown M, Chauzat MP, Cini E, Costa C, De la Rua P, de Miranda J, Di Prisco G, Dominik C, Dzul D, Fiordaliso W, Gennaux S, Ghisbain G, Hodge S, Klein AM, Knapp J, Knauer A, Laurent M, Lefebvre V, Mänd M, Martinet B, Martinez-Lopez V, Medrzycki P, Pereira Peixoto MH, Potts S, Przybyla K, Raimets R, Rundlöf M, Schweiger O, Senapathi D, Serrano J, Stout J, Straw E, Tamburini G, Toktas Y, Gérard M. Monitoring bee health in European agro-ecosystems using wing morphology and fat bodies. OE 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/oneeco.6.e63653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Current global change substantially threatens pollinators, which directly impacts the pollination services underpinning the stability, structure and functioning of ecosystems. Amongst these threats, many synergistic drivers, such as habitat destruction and fragmentation, increasing use of agrochemicals, decreasing resource diversity, as well as climate change, are known to affect wild and managed bees. Therefore, reliable indicators for pollinator sensitivity to such threats are needed. Biological traits, such as phenotype (e.g. shape, size and asymmetry) and storage reserves (e.g. fat body size), are important pollinator traits linked to reproductive success, immunity, resilience and foraging efficiency and, therefore, could serve as valuable markers of bee health and pollination service potential.
This data paper contains an extensive dataset of wing morphology and fat body content for the European honeybee (Apis mellifera) and the buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) sampled at 128 sites across eight European countries in landscape gradients dominated by two major bee-pollinated crops (apple and oilseed rape), before and after focal crop bloom and potential pesticide exposure. The dataset also includes environmental metrics of each sampling site, namely landscape structure and pesticide use. The data offer the opportunity to test whether variation in the phenotype and fat bodies of bees is structured by environmental factors and drivers of global change. Overall, the dataset provides valuable information to identify which environmental threats predominantly contribute to the modification of these traits.
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11
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Hodge S, Pattabathula K, Jenkins J, Ogg M. 293 Enhancing Your Recovery: A Mobile Application for Patients Undergoing Vascular Surgery. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim:
With increasing demands on the healthcare system, a central (and currently essential) push for remote consultations, and an increasing number of co morbidities in the surgical population, the aim was to create an application that placed the focus on pre-hospital optimisation, education and autonomy – addressing these sector trends to enhance outcomes for patients and ease the burden on healthcare settings.
Method
After obtaining baseline data, I worked alongside students from the Queensland University of Technology to produce an application suitable for both iOS and android platforms.
Results
The application has four facets which mirror a patient’s journey from their initial outpatient appointment through to recovery. The application is easy to use, free to download and readily accessible. On opening the application, the user can select their planned operation and navigate along a personalised decision tree.
Conclusions
The application has been designed to educate and empower a patient to become an active participant in their care, leading to long-term changes in healthcare. Assessment is ongoing but early indications suggest that this will be a valuable tool in optimising outcomes for patients undergoing vascular surgery – leading to fewer post-operative complications and earlier restoration of functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hodge
- Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K Pattabathula
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Jenkins
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Ogg
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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12
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Hodge S, Merfield CN, Liu WYY, Tan HW. Seedling Responses to Organically-Derived Plant Growth Promoters: An Effects-Based Approach. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10040660. [PMID: 33808386 PMCID: PMC8066269 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Organically-derived biofertilizers and biostimulants, developed from harvested materials such as seaweed and waste from animal and fish processing, are currently the subject of much fundamental and applied research. These products have significant potential in reducing synthetic fertilizer inputs to horticultural, arable, and pasture-based agricultural systems, although there is frequently some ambiguity over the magnitude and consistency of any positive effects these products may have on plant performance. This study examined the effects of organically-derived plant growth promoters (PGPs) available in New Zealand on the early vegetative growth of 16 plant species maintained under glasshouse conditions. When applied as a root drench to low nutrient potting mix, the effects of the PGPs on seedling shoot growth were strongly related to the NPK contents of the applied solutions. Any positive effects on shoot growth were, on average, reduced when the seedlings were maintained in higher nutrient growing media. Applying the PGPs at concentrations twice, and four times, the recommended concentration, only caused further growth responses when the PGPs contained high levels of nutrients. Applying the PGPs as a foliar spray had negligible effects on shoot growth. Overall, the results of these trials suggest that the positive effects of applying some organically-derived PGPs on seedling growth are a function of the PGP nutrient content, and not due to any indirect effects related to phytohormone pathways or modification of rhizosphere microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hodge
- The BHU Future Farming Centre, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand;
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand; (W.Y.Y.L.); (H.W.T.)
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Wendy Y. Y. Liu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand; (W.Y.Y.L.); (H.W.T.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh 30250, Malaysia
| | - Heng W. Tan
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand; (W.Y.Y.L.); (H.W.T.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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13
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Andrews M, Condron LM, Kemp PD, Topping JF, Lindsey K, Hodge S, Raven JA. Will rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration inhibit nitrate assimilation in shoots but enhance it in roots of C 3 plants? Physiol Plant 2020; 170:40-45. [PMID: 32198758 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bloom et al. proposed that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations 'inhibit malate production in chloroplasts and thus impede assimilation of nitrate into protein of C3 plants, a phenomenon that will strongly influence primary productivity and food security under the environmental conditions anticipated during the next few decades'. Previously we argued that the weight of evidence in the literature indicated that elevated atmospheric [CO2 ] does not inhibit NO3 - assimilation in C3 plants. New data for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were presented that supported this view and indicated that the effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2 ] on nitrogen (N) assimilation and growth of C3 vascular plants were similar regardless of the form of N assimilated. Bloom et al. strongly criticised the arguments presented in Andrews et al. Here we respond to these criticisms and again conclude that the available data indicate that elevated atmospheric [CO2 ] does not inhibit NO3 - assimilation of C3 plants. Measurement of the partitioning of NO3 - assimilation between root and shoot of C3 species under different NO3 - supply, at ambient and elevated CO2 would determine if their NO3 - assimilation is inhibited in shoots but enhanced in roots at elevated atmospheric CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Andrews
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Leo M Condron
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Peter D Kemp
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer F Topping
- The Integrative Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Keith Lindsey
- The Integrative Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Simon Hodge
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - John A Raven
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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14
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Hodge S, Dean C. Sharing learning from emergency front of neck airway cases: a quality improvement project. Br J Anaesth 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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15
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Hodge S, Vink C. The prevalence and species richness of spiders associated with marine strandlines on different shore types around Banks Peninsula, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2019.1593202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hodge
- BHU Future Farming Centre, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Cor Vink
- Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand
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16
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Malone V, Ezard N, Hodge S, Ferguson L, Schembri A, Bonevski B. Nurse provision of support to help inpatients quit smoking. Health Promot J Austr 2019; 28:251-254. [PMID: 28002718 DOI: 10.1071/he16082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Issue addressed Identification of the factors that facilitate nurses to provide smoking cessation advice to hospitalised patients. Method Six semistructured focus groups with 26 nurses were conducted in June 2015. Participants completed a structured survey to collect patient demographic data and assess attitudes towards their role in addressing smoking cessation among inpatients. Results Important themes that emerged from the qualitative data were: nurses' negative perceptions of smokers, nurses' confidence in their knowledge of smoking cessation care and nurses' uncertainty around whose role it is to provide smoking cessation care. Conclusion Nurses require training in order to confidently and competently address smoking among inpatients as part of routine care. Formal ways to document the smoking status of inpatients and the offer of smoking cessation support from a nurse to an inpatient would enhance the communication between nurses around which inpatients had been asked about their smoking status and which had not. For patients who are resistant to conventional cessation strategies, innovative ways are needed to reduce the harm caused to them by tobacco use. So what? Nurses need to be provided with education and training around smoking cessation to increase their confidence and skills to provide smoking cessation care to inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Malone
- Level 2, The O'Brien Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - N Ezard
- Level 2, The O'Brien Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - S Hodge
- Network of Alcohol and Other Drugs Agencies, PO Box 2345, Strawberry Hills, NSW 2012, Australia
| | - L Ferguson
- Level 2, The O'Brien Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - A Schembri
- Level 2, The O'Brien Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - B Bonevski
- University of Newcastle, 5014 Level 5, McAuley Centre, Calvary Mater Hospital, Edith Street, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
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17
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Al-Marashdeh O, Cameron KC, Bryant RH, Chen A, McGowan B, Gillé-Perrier C, Carey P, Chrystal J, Hodge S, Edwards GR. Effects of surface type in an uncovered stand-off pad system on comfort and welfare of non-lactating dairy cows during winter. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Andrews M, Condron LM, Kemp PD, Topping JF, Lindsey K, Hodge S, Raven JA. Elevated CO2 effects on nitrogen assimilation and growth of C3 vascular plants are similar regardless of N-form assimilated. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:683-690. [PMID: 30403798 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) increased from around 280 ppm in 1750 to 400 ppm in 2016 and is likely to continue to increase throughout this century. It has been argued that wheat, Arabidopsis, and C3 plants in general respond more positively to elevated atmospheric [CO2] under ammonium (NH4+) nutrition than under nitrate (NO3-) nutrition because elevated CO2 inhibits their photoreduction of NO3- and hence reduces their total plant nitrogen (N) assimilation and ultimately growth. Here, it is argued that the weight of evidence in the literature indicates that elevated atmospheric [CO2] does not inhibit NO3- assimilation and growth of C3 vascular plants. New data for common bean and wheat support this view and indicate that the effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2] on N assimilation and growth of C3 vascular plants will be similar regardless of the form of N assimilated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Andrews
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Leo M Condron
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Peter D Kemp
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer F Topping
- The Integrative Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Keith Lindsey
- The Integrative Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Simon Hodge
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - John A Raven
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
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Bowie M, Stokvis E, Barber K, Marris J, Hodge S. Identification of potential invertebrate bioindicators of restoration trajectory at a quarry site in Hunua, Auckland, New Zealand. NEW ZEAL J ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.43.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bowie MH, Shields MW, He S, Ross JG, Cruickshank RH, Hodge S. A survey of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Ahuriri Scenic Reserve, Banks Peninsula, and comparisons with a previous survey performed 30 years earlier. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2018.1546196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mike H. Bowie
- Department of Ecology, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | | | - Shuqi He
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - James G. Ross
- Department of Ecology, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | | | - Simon Hodge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Burns E, Rose Sood J, Pineau VJ, Koff R, Hodge S, Welch B. FALLS SCREENING TOOLS EFFECTIVENESS FOR DETECTING FUTURE FALLS: USING A PROBABILITY-BASED SAMPLE TO POWER DETECTION. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Burns
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - J Rose Sood
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MD
| | - V J Pineau
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Oak Island, NC
| | - R Koff
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - S Hodge
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MD
| | - B Welch
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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22
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Hodge G, Hodge S, Yeo A, Nguyen P, Hopkins E, Liu H, Holmes-Liew CL, Holmes M. BOS is associated with decreased HDAC2 from steroid resistant lymphocytes in the small airways. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:277-285. [PMID: 30303525 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression therapies including corticosteroids fail to prevent bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), primarily a disease of the small airways, following lung transplantation. We reported increases in steroid-resistant proinflammatory lymphocytes and their loss of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), an important mediator of steroid action, in the blood of stable lung transplant recipients. We noted similar increases in the steroid-resistant lymphocytes in both the blood and small airways in BOS compared with the large airways. We hypothesized that these small airway cells would also exhibit a loss of HDAC2, and that these changes could be reversed by treatment with theophylline (HDAC2 activator). Blood, bronchoalveolar lavage and large and small airway brushings were collected from lung transplant patients with BOS (n = 12) or stable lung function (n = 18) and healthy aged-matched controls (n = 13). Intracellular proinflammatory cytokines [interferon (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and HDAC2 were measured in CD8+ T, natural killer (NK) T-like and NK cells from cultured small airway brushings ± 5 mg/l theophylline ± 1 µM prednisolone using flow cytometry. Increased small airway CD8 T, NK T-like and NK cells were identified in BOS versus stable transplant and controls. In BOS, these cells exhibited increased IFN-γ/TNF-α and a loss of HDAC2. HDAC2 expression by small airway CD8+ T cells correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) (R = 0·880, P = 0·031). Theophylline and prednisolone synergistically up-regulated HDAC2 in CD8+ T cells. BOS is associated with loss of HDAC2 from steroid-resistant proinflammatory CD8+ T, NK T-like and NK cells in the small airways. Therapeutically increasing HDAC2 in these lymphocytes may reduce steroid resistance and improve graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hodge
- Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Hodge
- Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Yeo
- Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P Nguyen
- Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - E Hopkins
- Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - H Liu
- Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C L Holmes-Liew
- Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Lung Transplant Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Holmes
- Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Lung Transplant Service, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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23
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Andrews M, De Meyer S, James EK, Stępkowski T, Hodge S, Simon MF, Young JPW. Horizontal Transfer of Symbiosis Genes within and Between Rhizobial Genera: Occurrence and Importance. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E321. [PMID: 29954096 PMCID: PMC6071183 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobial symbiosis genes are often carried on symbiotic islands or plasmids that can be transferred (horizontal transfer) between different bacterial species. Symbiosis genes involved in horizontal transfer have different phylogenies with respect to the core genome of their ‘host’. Here, the literature on legume⁻rhizobium symbioses in field soils was reviewed, and cases of phylogenetic incongruence between rhizobium core and symbiosis genes were collated. The occurrence and importance of horizontal transfer of rhizobial symbiosis genes within and between bacterial genera were assessed. Horizontal transfer of symbiosis genes between rhizobial strains is of common occurrence, is widespread geographically, is not restricted to specific rhizobial genera, and occurs within and between rhizobial genera. The transfer of symbiosis genes to bacteria adapted to local soil conditions can allow these bacteria to become rhizobial symbionts of previously incompatible legumes growing in these soils. This, in turn, will have consequences for the growth, life history, and biogeography of the legume species involved, which provides a critical ecological link connecting the horizontal transfer of symbiosis genes between rhizobial bacteria in the soil to the above-ground floral biodiversity and vegetation community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Andrews
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Sofie De Meyer
- Centre for Rhizobium Studies, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia.
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Euan K James
- James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
| | - Tomasz Stępkowski
- Autonomous Department of Microbial Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Simon Hodge
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Marcelo F Simon
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasilia DF 70770-917, Brazil.
| | - J Peter W Young
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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24
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Malekar VC, Morton JD, Hider RN, Cruickshank RH, Hodge S, Metcalf VJ. Effect of elevated temperature on membrane lipid saturation in Antarctic notothenioid fish. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4765. [PMID: 29796342 PMCID: PMC5961637 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeoviscous adaptation (HVA) is a key cellular response by which fish protect their membranes against thermal stress. We investigated evolutionary HVA (long time scale) in Antarctic and non-Antarctic fish. Membrane lipid composition was determined for four Perciformes fish: two closely related Antarctic notothenioid species (Trematomus bernacchii and Pagothenia borchgrevinki); a diversified related notothenioid Antarctic icefish (Chionodraco hamatus); and a New Zealand species (Notolabrus celidotus). The membrane lipid compositions were consistent across the three Antarctic species and these were significantly different from that of the New Zealand species. Furthermore, acclimatory HVA (short time periods with seasonal changes) was investigated to determine whether stenothermal Antarctic fish, which evolved in the cold, stable environment of the Southern Ocean, have lost the acclimatory capacity to modulate their membrane saturation states, making them vulnerable to anthropogenic global warming. We compared liver membrane lipid composition in two closely related Antarctic fish species acclimated at 0 °C (control temperature), 4 °C for a period of 14 days in T. bernacchii and 28 days for P. borchgrevinki, and 6 °C for 7 days in both species. Thermal acclimation at 4 °C did not result in changed membrane saturation states in either Antarctic species. Despite this, membrane functions were not compromised, as indicated by declining serum osmolality, implying positive compensation by enhanced hypo-osmoregulation. Increasing the temperature to 6 °C did not change the membrane lipids of P. borchgrevinki. However, in T. bernacchii, thermal acclimation at 6 °C resulted in an increase of membrane saturated fatty acids and a decline in unsaturated fatty acids. This is the first study to show a homeoviscous response to higher temperatures in an Antarctic fish, although for only one of the two species examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita C Malekar
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James D Morton
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard N Hider
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robert H Cruickshank
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Simon Hodge
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Victoria J Metcalf
- Office of the Prime Minister's Chief Science Advisor, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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25
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Hodge G, Hodge S, Nguyen PT, Yeo A, Sarkar P, Badiei A, Holmes‐Liew CL, Reynolds PN, Holmes M. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is associated with increased p-glycoprotein expression and loss of glucocorticoid receptor from steroid-resistant proinflammatory CD8 + T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 192:242-250. [PMID: 29352737 PMCID: PMC5904702 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive therapy fails to suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly by CD8+ T cells, in stable lung transplant recipients and those undergoing chronic rejection, suggesting that some patients may become relatively resistant to immunosuppressants such as glucocorticoids (GC). We have shown loss of GC receptor (GCR) from the CD8+ cells, and we hypothesized that the drug membrane efflux pump, p-glycoprotein-1 (Pgp), may also be involved in lymphocyte steroid resistance following lung transplant. Pgp/GCR expression and interferon (IFN)-γ/tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α proinflammatory cytokine production was measured in blood lymphocytes from 15 stable lung transplant patients, 10 patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and 10 healthy aged-matched controls (± prednisolone ± Pgp inhibitor, cyclosporin A ± GCR activator, Compound A) using flow cytometry. Both Pgp+ and Pgp- lymphocyte subsets from all subjects produced IFN-γ/TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines. Pgp expression was increased in CD8+ Pgp+ T cells and correlated with IFN-γ/TNF-α expression and BOS grade. Reduced GCR was observed in CD8+ Pgp- T, natural killer (NK) T-like and NK cells from stable patients compared with controls, and reduced further in CD8+ Pgp- T cells in BOS. The addition of 2·5 ng/ml cyclosporin A and 1 µM prednisolone inhibit IFN-γ/TNF-α production significantly by CD8+ Pgp+ T cells from BOS patients. The addition of 10 µM Compound A and 1 µM prednisolone inhibit IFN-γ/TNF-α production significantly by CD8+ Pgp- T cells from BOS patients. BOS is associated with increased Pgp expression and loss of GCR from steroid-resistant proinflammatory CD8+ T cells. Treatments that inhibit Pgp and up-regulate GCR in CD8+ T cells may improve graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Hodge
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - S. Hodge
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - P. T. Nguyen
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - A. Yeo
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - P. Sarkar
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - A. Badiei
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - C. L. Holmes‐Liew
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
- South Australian Lung Transplant ServiceAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - P. N. Reynolds
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
| | - M. Holmes
- Lung Research Unit, Department of Thoracic MedicineRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSouth Australia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia
- South Australian Lung Transplant ServiceAdelaideSouth Australia
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26
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Chai W, Zhou H, Forrest RH, Gong H, Hodge S, Hickford JG. Polymorphism of KRT83 and its association with selected wool traits in Merino-cross lambs. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Chandra N, Nadra I, Ding L, Hardiman S, Fung A, Aymong E, Chan A, Hodge S, Antonsen J, Horgan K, Levin A, Robinson S, Della Siega A, Iqbal B. 3123The impact of renal disease on target vessel revascularisation following percutaneous coronary intervention: a contemporary analysis of 45,287 patients from the British Columbia Cardiac Registry. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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28
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Hodge S, Hodge G, Simpson JL, Yang IA, Upham J, James A, Gibson PG, Reynolds PN. Blood cytotoxic/inflammatory mediators in non-eosinophilic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:60-70. [PMID: 26767492 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA) is a distinct, often corticosteroid-resistant inflammatory asthma phenotype. NK and NKT-like cells are effector lymphocytes that we have shown, like CD28null T cells, to be relatively resistant to steroids and major sources of pro-inflammatory/cytotoxic mediators. We hypothesized that these cells and mediators would be increased in peripheral blood in NEA. METHODS Adults with severe asthma and variable airflow obstruction, poorly controlled despite maintenance therapy with inhaled glucocorticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators, were recruited. Blood was assessed in those with eosinophilic asthma (n = 12), NEA (n = 25) and healthy non-smoking controls (n = 30). We applied flow cytometry to measure T, CD28null, NK and NKT-like cells and their expression of granzyme B, perforin, and killer inhibitory/activating receptors CD94(Kp43), CD158b and CD107A. Intracellular pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IFN-γ and TNF-α) was assessed in 18 controls and 10 patients with asthma/group. RESULTS In NEA, there was increased expression of granzyme B by CD8+ T cells vs. CONTROLS There was increased expression of granzyme B and CD158 and decreased CD94 on NK cells, vs. healthy controls and those with eosinophilic asthma. IFN-γ production by NK cells and TNF-α production by NKT-like cells in NEA were significantly increased vs. CONTROLS In both eosinophilic and NEA phenotypes, there were significant increases in CD4+28null T cells (72% and 81% increases, respectively, vs. controls) and their expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Significant correlations were noted between blood CD4+28null T cells and neutrophil numbers in induced sputum, and between corticosteroid dose and blood NKT-like cells, and their production of granzyme B and TNF-α and NK IFN-γ. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In poorly controlled asthma, altered expression of cytotoxic/pro-inflammatory mediators can be seen on a variety of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood; these changes are most apparent in NEA. Whether this pattern of expression is a marker of treatment responsiveness and future risk of exacerbations remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hodge
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - G Hodge
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J L Simpson
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - I A Yang
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - J Upham
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P G Gibson
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - P N Reynolds
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hodge
- Future Farming Centre, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - C. J. Vink
- Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Iussig G, Lonati M, Probo M, Hodge S, Lombardi G. Plant Species Selection by Goats Foraging on Montane Semi-Natural Grasslands and Grazable Forestlands in the Italian Alps. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Iussig
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Michele Lonati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Probo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Simon Hodge
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Giampiero Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Torino, Italy
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31
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Bowie M, Black L, Boyer S, Dickinson N, Hodge S. Persistence of biodiversity in a dryland remnant within an intensified dairy farm landscape. NEW ZEAL J ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.20417/nzjecol.40.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cheng L, Logan CM, Dewhurst RJ, Hodge S, Zhou H, Edwards GR. Effects of feed intake and genetics on tissue nitrogen-15 enrichment and feed conversion efficiency in sheep. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:5849-55. [PMID: 26641195 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of sheep genetics and feed intake on nitrogen isotopic fractionation (ΔN) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE; live weight gain/DMI), using a 2 × 2 factorial design, with 2 levels of genetic merit for growth (high vs. low) and 2 levels of feed intake (110 vs. 170% of ME for maintenance [MEm]). No effect of genetic merit was detected for live weight gain ( = 0.64), FCE ( = 0.46), plasma urea nitrogen ( = 0.52), plasma glucose ( = 0.78), and ΔN of wool ( = 0.45), blood ( = 0.09), and plasma ( = 0.51). Sheep receiving 170% of MEm had 175% higher live weight gain ( < 0.001) and 77% higher FCE ( < 0.001) than sheep receiving 110% of MEm. There was no difference among treatments at the beginning of the study for either blood or plasma ∆N, but the treatment groups started to diverge in blood and plasma ∆N at 21 and 7 d, respectively. Blood, plasma, and wool samples were enriched in N compared with feed. There was a higher blood, plasma, and wool ∆N for the low feed intake group than the high feed intake group ( < 0.001 in all cases). Across the 4 treatment groups, higher FCE in sheep was associated with lower ∆N for plasma, blood, and wool. Overall, the results are consistent with the potential of ∆N as a rapid, low-cost biomarker of FCE in sheep, despite there being no effects of genetic treatment on FCE and ∆N.
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Hodge G, Upham JW, Chang AB, Baines KJ, Yerkovich ST, Pizzutto SJ, Hodge S. Increased Peripheral Blood Pro-Inflammatory/Cytotoxic Lymphocytes in Children with Bronchiectasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133695. [PMID: 26258716 PMCID: PMC4530946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Bronchiectasis (BE) in children is common in some communities including Indigenous children in Australia. Relatively little is known about the nature of systemic inflammation in these children, especially the contribution of specific pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets: T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells and NKT-like cells. We have shown that these cells produce increased cytotoxic (granzyme b and perforin) and inflammatory (IFNγ and TNFα) mediators in several adult chronic lung diseases and hypothesised that similar changes would be evident in children with BE. Methods Intracellular cytotoxic mediators perforin and granzyme b and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in T cell subsets, NKT-like and NK cells from blood and bronchoalveolar samples from 12 children with BE and 10 aged-matched control children using flow cytometry. Results There was a significant increase in the percentage of CD8+ T cells and T and NKT-like subsets expressing perforin/granzyme and IFNγ and TNFα in blood in BE compared with controls. There was a further increase in the percentage of pro-inflammatory cytotoxic T cells in Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous children. There was no change in any of these mediators in BAL. Conclusions Childhood bronchiectasis is associated with increased systemic pro-inflammatory/cytotoxic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Future studies need to examine the extent to which elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytotoxic cells predict future co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Hodge
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Dept. Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - J. W. Upham
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A. B. Chang
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Lady Cilento Children’s Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Children’s Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - K. J. Baines
- Dept. Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S. T. Yerkovich
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine and Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S. J. Pizzutto
- Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - S. Hodge
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Dept. Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Zhou H, Cheng L, Azimu W, Hodge S, Edwards GR, Hickford JGH. Variation in the bovine FABP4 gene affects milk yield and milk protein content in dairy cows. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10023. [PMID: 26067182 PMCID: PMC4464348 DOI: 10.1038/srep10023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) bind long-chain fatty acids and are involved in their intracellular transport. Of the known bovine FABP genes, FABP4 has been mapped to a region on chromosome 14 that contains quantitative trait loci for milk traits. This study investigated the association of FABP4 haplotypes with milk production traits in 719 Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cows. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis of a variable region of the gene revealed three haplotypes (A, B and C). Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified: two in exon 3 and three in intron 3. A was associated (P = 0.032) with increased milk protein percentage (present: 4.00 ± 0.02%; absent: 3.95 ± 0.02%) and B was associated (P = 0.009) with increased milk yield (present: 23.81 ± 0.23 kg/d; absent: 23.06 ± 0.21 kg/d), but tended to be associated with a decrease in protein percentage and an increase in protein yield. Cows with genotypes AA, AB and AC produced less milk, but with a higher protein percentage than BC cows. This suggest that FABP4 affects milk yield and milk protein content, both economically important traits, and that further study of this gene is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhou
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - L Cheng
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - W Azimu
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang Province 843300, China
| | - S Hodge
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - G R Edwards
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - J G H Hickford
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
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35
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Zhang XY, Simpson JL, Powell H, Yang IA, Upham JW, Reynolds PN, Hodge S, James AL, Jenkins C, Peters MJ, Lin JT, Gibson PG. Full blood count parameters for the detection of asthma inflammatory phenotypes. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:1137-45. [PMID: 24849076 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In asthma, the airway inflammatory phenotype influences clinical characteristics and treatment response. Although induced sputum is the gold standard test for phenotyping asthma, a more accessible method is needed for clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether white blood cell counts and/or their derived ratios can predict sputum eosinophils or neutrophils in uncontrolled asthma. METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated 164 treated but uncontrolled asthmatic patients with sputum induction and blood collection. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the relationship between blood and sputum parameters. RESULTS There was a significant positive relationship between blood eosinophil parameters and the percentage of sputum eosinophil count. A weak but significant correlation was found between sputum neutrophil percentage and blood neutrophil percentage (r = 0.219, P = 0.005). ROC curve analysis identified that blood eosinophil percentage count was the best predictor for eosinophilic asthma, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.907 (P < 0.001). The optimum cut-point for blood eosinophil percentage was 2.7%, and this yielded a sensitivity of 92.2% and a specificity of 75.8%. The absolute blood eosinophil count was also highly predictive with an AUC of 0.898 (P < 0.0001) at a blood eosinophil cut-off of 0.26 × 10(9) /L. The blood eosinophil/lymphocyte ratio (ELR) and eosinophil/neutrophil ratio (ENR) were increased in eosinophilic asthma, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was increased in neutrophilic asthma. Neutrophilic asthma could also be detected by blood neutrophil percentages and NLR, but with less accuracy. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Blood eosinophil counts and derived ratios (ELR and ENR) can accurately predict eosinophilic asthma in patients with persistent uncontrolled asthma despite treatment. Blood neutrophil parameters are poor surrogates for the proportion of sputum neutrophils. Blood counts may be a useful aid in the monitoring of uncontrolled asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-Y Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Greenland R, Hodge S. Reward the ride: The case for tax incentives to boost active travel. J Sci Med Sport 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hodge G, Barnawi J, Jurisevic C, Moffat D, Holmes M, Reynolds PN, Jersmann H, Hodge S. Lung cancer is associated with decreased expression of perforin, granzyme B and interferon (IFN)-γ by infiltrating lung tissue T cells, natural killer (NK) T-like and NK cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 178:79-85. [PMID: 24894428 PMCID: PMC4360197 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a limited understanding how of lung cancer cells evade cytotoxic attack. Previously, we have shown reduced production of the cytotoxic mediator granzyme B by CD8(+) T cells in lung cancer tissue. We hypothesized that lung cancer would be further associated with decreased production of granzyme B, perforin and proinflammatory cytokines by other cytotoxic lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) T-like and NK cells, and that this would result from soluble mediators released by the cancer cells. Lung cancer and non-cancer tissue from five patients was identified by experienced pathologists. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, granzyme B and perforin were measured in CD4 and CD8(+) T, NK T-like cells and NK cells by flow cytometry. Correlation between cancer stage and granzyme B was analysed retrospectively for 21 patients. The effects of soluble factors released by lung cancer cells on production of cytotoxic mediators and cytokines was assessed, and the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE)2 /COX investigated using indomethacin inhibition. There were significantly decreased percentages of T, NK T-like and NK cells expressing perforin, TNF-α and IFN-γ in cancer versus non-cancer tissue, and of CD8(+) T cells and CD8(+) NK T-like cells expressing granzyme B (e.g. NK T-like cells: non-cancer 30% ± 7 versus cancer 6% ± 2·5). Cancer cells released soluble factors that inhibited granzyme B, perforin and IFN-γ production that was partially associated with the PGE2 /COX2 pathway. Thus, lung cancer is associated with decreased expression of granzyme B, perforin and IFN-γ by infiltrating T cells, NK T-like and NK cells, possibly as a result of soluble factors produced by the cancer cells including PGE2 . This may be an important immune evasion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hodge
- Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Hanson Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Bowie MH, Klimaszewski J, Vink CJ, Hodge S, Wratten SD. Effect of boundary type and season on predatory arthropods associated with field margins on New Zealand farmland. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2014.953552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yang G, Forrest R, Zhou H, Hodge S, Hickford J. Genetic variation in the ovine uncoupling protein 1 gene: association with carcass traits in New Zealand (NZ) Romney sheep, but no association with growth traits in either NZ Romney or NZ Suffolk sheep. J Anim Breed Genet 2014; 131:437-44. [PMID: 24909360 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) plays an important role in the regulation of lipolysis and thermogenesis in adipose tissues. Genetic variation within three regions (the promoter, intron 2 and exon 5) of the ovine UCP1 gene (UCP1) was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analyses. These revealed three promoter variants (designated A, B and C) and two intron 2 variants (a and b). The association of this genetic variation with variation in lamb carcass traits and postweaning growth was investigated in New Zealand (NZ) Romney and Suffolk sheep. The presence of B in a lamb's genotype was associated with decreased subcutaneous carcass fat depth (V-GR) (p = 0.004) and proportion of total lean meat yield of loin meat (p = 0.005), and an increased proportion of total lean meat yield of hind-leg meat (p = 0.018). In contrast, having two copies of C was associated with increased V-GR (p < 0.001) and proportion of total lean meat yield of shoulder meat (p = 0.009), and a decreased hind-leg yield (p = 0.032). No associations were found with postweaning growth. These results suggest that ovine UCP1 is a potential gene marker for carcass traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yang
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
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Hodge S, Reynolds PN. Regarding comments by Persson et al. (Airway, apoptosis, and asthma) to J. L. Simpson, P. G. Gibson, I. A. Yang, J. Upham, A. James, P. N. Reynolds, S. Hodge and AMAZES Study Research. Impaired macrophage phagocytosis in noneosinophilic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:29-35. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:1086-8. [PMID: 23957345 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Murthy RK, Schover LR, Theriault RL, Valero V, Woodard TL, Hodge S, Litton JK. Abstract P3-11-02: Women with pregnancy-associated early breast cancer achieve improved emotional well-being as a result of their cancer experience. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p3-11-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy-associated early breast cancer (PAEBC) has increased in incidence as more women pursue childbearing at an older age. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of diagnosis and treatment on emotional health and evaluate the positive emotional outcomes in a group of women with PAEBC. Methods: Between 1989 and 2010, 81 patients were treated for PAEBC with 5-flurouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (FAC) chemotherapy. Patients completed the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), which is a questionnaire that measures subjective distress caused by traumatic events and the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PGI), which measures positive outcomes after a traumatic event. Results: Of the 81 women, 53% (43/81) completed the IES-R and 44% (36/81) also completed the PGI. The time since diagnosis ranged from 6 months to greater than 5 years. The median age of the participants was 33 years (range 26-43 years). Of the 43 patients who completed the IES-R, 91% (39/43) did not use avoidance as a primary coping strategy; they felt well equipped to deal with feelings about their diagnosis and treatment. Of patients who inadvertently thought about their diagnosis, 70% (30/43) noted that they avoided becoming upset by their thoughts. Less than 10% (9/43) of patients surveyed felt apathetic towards their diagnosis and subsequent treatment. In terms of positive outcomes, 94% (33/36) felt they were enabled to depend on others in times of crises and felt a greater appreciation for people and their kindness following their diagnosis of PAEBC. Eighty-six percent (31/36) had changed their priorities about what is important in life, felt more compassionate towards others, and felt a greater appreciation for the value of their own life. In addition, 86% (30/36) of patients indicated that they had discovered their inner strength and felt more inclined to change things in their life. Finally, 75% of patients surveyed felt they had developed a stronger religious faith because of their experience and had a better understanding of spiritual matters. The majority of patients reported improvement in interpersonal skills – placing more effort into their relationships and sharing a greater sense of closeness with others. Conclusions: Although women who experience PAEBC are thought to be at high risk for experiencing psychosocial distress, these findings suggest that most do not suffer negative emotional consequences; in fact, these data suggest that they often achieve improved emotional well-being as a result of their cancer experience. It is possible that these women have better emotional outcomes because they have successfully carried a pregnancy while facing a life-threatening illness. Comparisons to other premenopausal breast cancer survivors will be crucial in interpreting these findings.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-11-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- RK Murthy
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - LR Schover
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - RL Theriault
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - V Valero
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - TL Woodard
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Hodge
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - JK Litton
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Hodge G, Hodge S, Ahern J, Holmes-Liew CL, Reynolds PN, Holmes M. Up-regulation of alternate co-stimulatory molecules on proinflammatory CD28null T cells in bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 173:150-60. [PMID: 23607447 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is associated with lack of immunosuppression of T cell proinflammatory cytokines and increased T cell granzyme B. Repeated antigen-driven proliferation down-regulates T cell CD28. We hypothesized that down-regulation of CD28 and up-regulation of alternate co-stimulatory molecules (CD134, CD137, CD152 and CD154) on T cells may be associated with BOS. Co-stimulatory molecules, granzyme B, perforin and intracellular cytokines were measured by flow cytometry on T cells from stable lung transplant patients (n = 38), patients with BOS (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 10). There was a significant increase in the percentage of CD4/28(null) and CD8/28(null) T cells producing granzyme B, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in BOS compared with stable patients. Down-regulation of CD28 was associated with steroid resistance and up-regulation of CD134, CD137, CD152 and CD154 on CD4(+) T cells and CD137 and CD152 on CD8(+) T cells. There was a significant correlation between increased CD28(null) /CD137 T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α with BOS grade (r = 0·861, P < 0·001 for CD28(null) /CD137 IFN-γ/CD8) and time post-transplant (r = 0·698, P < 0·001 for CD28(null) /CD137 IFN-γ/CD8). BOS is associated with down-regulation of CD28 and up-regulation of alternate co-stimulatory molecules on steroid-resistant peripheral blood proinflammatory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Therapeutic targeting of alternate co-stimulatory molecules on peripheral blood CD28(null) T cells and monitoring response using these assays may help in the management of patients with BOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hodge
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia.
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Simpson JL, Gibson PG, Yang IA, Upham J, James A, Reynolds PN, Hodge S. Impaired macrophage phagocytosis in non-eosinophilic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:29-35. [PMID: 23278878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with non-eosinophilic asthma have increased numbers of neutrophils in the airways. The explanation for this chronic inflammation remains unclear, but may result from an impaired ability of alveolar macrophages to phagocytose apoptotic cells (a process termed 'efferocytosis'), as we have shown in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES To examine induced sputum as a non-invasive technique to characterize efferocytosis in chronic lung diseases and to compare efferocytosis in patients with non-eosinophilic asthma, eosinophilic asthma and COPD. METHODS Participants with stable asthma (20 with eosinophilic and 30 with non-eosinophilic) and COPD (n = 11) underwent clinical assessment including allergy skin tests, saline challenge and sputum induction. Sputum cells were dispersed using dithiothreitol and resuspended in culture medium. Efferocytosis of apoptotic bronchial epithelial cells by sputum-derived macrophages was determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS There were no significant differences in efferocytosis between paired sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages from three subjects. Efferocytosis was significantly impaired in patients with non-eosinophilic asthma [mean (SD) 0.95 (0.24)] compared with eosinophilic asthma [1.17 (0.19)] and to a similar degree as patients with COPD [1.04 (0.16)]. Sputum neutrophils were significantly higher in patients with COPD and non-eosinophilic asthma compared with eosinophilic asthma. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Induced sputum provides a reliable and non-invasive method for studying macrophage efferocytosis in chronic lung disease. Macrophage efferocytosis is impaired in non-eosinophilic asthma to a similar degree as that in COPD and may explain the persistent airway neutrophilia and chronic inflammation that characterizes this asthma subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Simpson
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Hodge S, Ward JL, Beale MH, Bennett M, Mansfield JW, Powell G. Aphid-induced accumulation of trehalose in Arabidopsis thaliana is systemic and dependent upon aphid density. Planta 2013; 237:1057-64. [PMID: 23242075 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is a disaccharide sugar that is now considered to be widely distributed among higher plants. Trehalose has been attributed a number of roles, including control of basic plant processes, such as photosynthesis, and conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as desiccation and high salinity. Trehalose is also a common storage sugar used by insects. In this study, we used laboratory investigations to examine various aspects of trehalose dynamics in an aphid-host plant system (Arabidopsis and the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae). Trehalose concentrations were measured by [1-H]-NMR. Myzus persicae reared on Arabidopsis, but not on black mustard or spring cabbage, contained considerable quantities of trehalose (5 % w/w dry matter). In Arabidopsis foliage, feeding by aphids induced a density-dependent accumulation of trehalose up to 5 mg g(-1) dry weight. Leaves that were not challenged directly by aphids also exhibited increased trehalose concentrations, indicating that this accumulation was systemic. Trehalose was measured at high concentrations in the phloem sap of plants challenged by aphids, suggesting that aphid feeding induced the plant to produce significant quantities of trehalose, which moved through the plant and into the aphids via the phloem sap. Trehalose was also excreted in the aphid honeydew. Further work is required to clarify whether this trehalose accumulation in Arabidopsis has a direct role or a signalling function in plant tolerance of, or resistance to, aphid feeding, and if a similar accumulation of this sugar occurs when other species or genotypes of aphids are reared on this host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hodge
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Hodge G, Hodge S, Ahern J, Holmes-Liew CL, Reynolds P, Holmes M. Targeting Steroid Resistant Peripheral Blood Pro-Inflammatory CD28null T Cells by Inhibiting CD137 Expression: Relevance to BOS. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Zlobin A, Olsauskas-Kuprys R, Hodge S, O'Toole M, Ersahin C, Osipo C. Abstract P2-05-15: Assessment of Notch Signaling Pathway Components as Biomarkers for Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Comparison of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Human Breast Cancer Samples. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p2-05-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Treatment options for patients presenting with TNBC are limited, primarily because there is no approved targeted therapy available. Canonical breast cancer targets such as estrogen receptor and HER2/neu proteins are absent in TNBC. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to uncover biomarkers in this disease in light of its costly treatment as compared to non-TNBC treatment and, more importantly, its poor prognosis as evidenced by aggressive tumor metastasis and high patient mortality. While Notch-1 target gene expression has been reported to be linked to various types of malignancies, we propose that since Notch signaling pathway is involved in cancer cell proliferation and survival it could be a likely oncogenic driver and possible target in certain TNBC patients.
Methods: Human TNBC cell lines BT-549, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468 were used to measure endogenous relative mRNA transcript levels of Notch genes and gene targets by means of real time PCR. In addition, the RNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimen from women-diagnosed with TNBC who had undergone breast surgery was also analyzed for comparable gene expression for similar targets following Laser capture micro-dissection.
Results: The in vitro results show that mRNA transcripts of Notch-4, Deltex-1, Hes-1 and -Hes5, as well as upstream Notch regulator PEA3 targets IL-8 and MMP-9 were increased in MDA-MB-468 and BT-549 cells as compared to MDA-MB-231 cells (n = 3–5). In the clinical sample specimens, Notch-1, Jagged-1, and Hes-5 genes were up-regulated, while the Notch-4 gene was down-regulated in TNBC patients as compared to normal control specimens from reduction mammoplasty (n = 4).
Conclusions: Our data present the heterogeneity of TNBC disease. They also indicate that the Notch signaling pathway is up-regulated in certain TNBC cell lines and human TNBC breast cancer tissue. Lastly, these results suggest that some components of Notch signaling may be viable biomarkers to better predict Notch activity for future therapeutic interventions using Notch inhibitors.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zlobin
- Loyola University Chicago, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL
| | - R Olsauskas-Kuprys
- Loyola University Chicago, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL
| | - S Hodge
- Loyola University Chicago, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL
| | - M O'Toole
- Loyola University Chicago, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL
| | - C Ersahin
- Loyola University Chicago, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL
| | - C Osipo
- Loyola University Chicago, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL
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Heery CR, Ibrahim NK, Mohebtash M, Madan RA, Arlen PM, Bilusic M, Kim JW, Singh NK, Hodge S, McMahon S, Steinberg SM, Hodge JW, Schlom J, Gulley J. Abstract P5-16-06: A phase 2 randomized trial of docetaxel (DOC) alone or in combination with therapeutic cancer vaccine, CEA-, MUC-1-TRICOM (PANVAC). Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p5-16-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: A previous phase 1/2 trial of PANVAC, a poxviral based cancer vaccine, suggested clinical efficacy in some patients (pts) with breast and ovarian cancer and evidence of immunologic activity. Preclinical data showed DOC can modify tumor phenotype, making tumor cells more amenable to T-cell mediated killing. The goal was to determine if DOC and PANVAC could synergize and improve clinical outcomes compared with DOC alone.
Methods: This is an open-label randomized phase 2 multi-center trial designed to enroll 48 pts with metastatic breast cancer to receive DOC in combination with PANVAC (A) or alone (B). Cross-over was allowed so that pts randomized to B could receive the vaccine upon progression. Eligibility included ECOG performance status <1 and normal organ and immune function with no limits on previous lines of therapy, but pts may not have received DOC for metastatic disease. Her2+ pts on trastuzumab were allowed to continue trastuzumab on trial. All pts received DOC 35mg/m2 weekly × 3 doses during 28-day cycles. Pts on A were “primed” with recombinant vaccinia-PANVAC study day 1. Three weeks later, they began 28-day cycles of DOC with “boost” recombinant fowlpox-PANVAC given on day 1, given until progression. CT and bone scans were performed after 3 cycles and then every 2 cycles. 1° endpoint was PFS., with a phase 2.5 statistical design, with the intent of identifying a trend toward benefit to guide a larger trial design. A p value of 0.10 is considered a strong trend. 2° endpoints included overall survival and immunologic correlative studies. Immunologic assays included analysis of T cell and NK cell activation, presence and activity of regulatory T cells, and ELISPOT assays. Immune correlative analysis was done using multiparametric flow cytometry analysis of immune cell subpopulations from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pts and comparing those findings using Boolean logic with the immune assays and clinical outcomes.
Results: Enrollment of 48 pts completed in February 2012 (A, n=25; B, n=23). Five pts remain on treatment (2 on A, 3 on B). Pt and tumor characteristics were well matched. Analysis through August 2, 2012 (median follow-up of 5.1 months for pts on study), indicates PFS is 6.6 vs. 3.8 months in A vs. B (p = 0.12, HR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.31). Analysis of the adverse events on both arms demonstrated very little difference between the two groups. The only statistically significant differences were increases in the frequency of grade 1 and 2 edema (p = 0.018) and injection site reactions (p <0.0001) in the combination arm. Immune analysis and correlation to pt clinical outcomes are ongoing and will be available for presentation at the time of the meeting. There are not yet enough events to perform a comparison of overall survival in the two groups.
Conclusion: This randomized study suggests the combination of PANVAC with DOC in metastatic breast cancer may provide a clinical benefit compared to DOC alone. The clear separation of the curves indicates potential benefit, which is not statistically significant, likely due to the small number of pts enrolled. This study was hypothesis generating and may provide both rationale and statistical assumptions for a larger definitive randomized study.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-16-06.
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Hodge S, Hodge G, Holmes-Liew CL, Reynolds P, Holmes M. 523 BOS Is Associated with Increased Peripheral Blood NKT-Like and NK Cell Granzymes, Perforin and Th1 Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.01.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Hodge G, Mukaro V, Reynolds PN, Hodge S. Role of increased CD8/CD28(null) T cells and alternative co-stimulatory molecules in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 166:94-102. [PMID: 21910726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease; it is a leading cause of death and existing treatments have no proven disease-modifying effect. The mechanisms underlying this resistance are largely unknown, but suggest the presence of some self-maintaining pathogenic process, possibly initiated by cigarette smoking, that prevents the normal resolution of inflammation. We have previously reported increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and granzyme b by CD8(+) T cells in COPD; costimulatory receptor/ligand interactions required include CD80:86/CD28, B7-1/CTLA4, 4-1BB/1BBL and OX40/OX40L. We hypothesized that a dysregulated expression/function of these molecules may play a role in inflammatory/autoimmune components of COPD. We analysed T cell co-stimulatory molecules in blood from 34 controls, 15 smokers and 48 COPD subjects. We assessed the potential functional relevance of CD8/CD28(null) cells in COPD by measuring their production of proinflammatory cytokines, co-stimulatory molecules, granzyme and perforin. A smoke-exposed murine model was applied to investigate the relative expression of CD8/CD28(null) T cells in blood, lung tissue and airway. CD8/CD28(null) cells were increased in both current- and ex-smoker COPD groups; these cells expressed significantly more interferon (IFN)-γ, OX40, 4-1BB, CTLA4, granzyme and perforin when stimulated than CD8/CD28(+) T cells. There were no changes in CD4/CD28(null) T cells. In mice exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 weeks, CD8/CD28(null) T cells were significantly increased in the airway with a trend for an increase in lung tissue and blood. Increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of alternative co-stimulatory molecules by CD8/CD28(null) T cells may play a role in inflammatory or autoimmune responses in COPD and identify therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hodge
- Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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