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Jo E, Lee S, Kim J, Hettiarachchi SA, Kim S, Kim IC, Kang S, Kim JH. The complete mitochondrial genome of Trematomus hansoni Boulenger, 1902 (Perciformes, Nototheniidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2024; 9:701-706. [PMID: 38835641 PMCID: PMC11149566 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2358959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The striped notothen Trematomus hansoni is an Antarctic fish species belonging to the family Nototheniidae (cod icefishes) that is distributed throughout the Southern Ocean. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of T. hansoni was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. The circular mitochondrial genome is 19,218 bp long and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 23 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one control region. Notably, there are two trnG-UCC genes and the second gene, located between trnE-UUC and trnI-GAU, has no D-arm structure. The base composition is 56.18% of A + T and 43.82% of G + C. The phylogenetic analysis supports that T. hansoni is grouped into a single clade with T. bernacchii. This study will be a valuable resource for further research on the phylogeny and evolution of the genus Trematomus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Jo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seungyeon Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jihun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Sanghee Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, Korea
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Diverse Microvirus Genomes Identified in the Stomach of a Sharp-Spined Notothen (Trematomus pennellii) from the Ross Sea (East Antarctica). Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0123322. [PMID: 36700633 PMCID: PMC9933669 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01233-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sharp-spined notothen (Trematomus pennellii) is an icefish endemic to the southern ocean. From the stomach of an individual, we identified the genomes of 51 microviruses (family Microviridae). The major capsid proteins of most of these share the closest similarities to those identified in other marine organisms.
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La Mesa M, Donato F, Riginella E. Biological aspects of a rare nototheniid fish, Trematomus tokarevi, from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica). Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Eastman JT, La Mesa M. Neuromorphological disparity in deep-living sister species of the Antarctic fish genus Trematomus. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rojo JH, Fernández DA, Figueroa DE, Boy CC. Phenotypic and genetic differentiation between diadromous and landlocked puyen Galaxias maculatus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:956-967. [PMID: 32048294 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the phenotypic and genetic differences between individuals of puyen Galaxias maculatus from two sites in the same river basin in Tierra del Fuego National Park, southern South America. Individuals from the two sampling sites presented morphometric and genetic differences. The morphometric differences indicated that individuals from Laguna Negra (LN) were short and more robust and had large eyes, whereas those from Arroyo Negro (AN) were thin and elongated and had small eyes. Genetic differences showed that AN individuals had a greater genetic structuration and an older demographic history than LN individuals. The results of this study affirmed that the individuals from the two sampling sites belong to different populations with a high degree of isolation. The demographic history could indicate that the individuals of G. maculatus which migrated to northern areas during the last glaciation settled in the Beagle Channel after its formation. The LN population could have originated after the retreat of the glaciers, migrating from AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernán Rojo
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) - CONICET, Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Daniel Alfredo Fernández
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) - CONICET, Ushuaia, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego (ICPA-UNTDF), Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Daniel Enrique Figueroa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) - CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Deli Antoni MY, Delpiani SM, González-Castro M, Blasina GE, Spath MC, Depiani GE, Ashikaga FY, Cruz VP, Oliveira C, de Astarloa JMD. Comparative populational study of Lepidonotothen larseni and L. nudifrons (Teleostei: Nototheniidae) from the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Near TJ, MacGuigan DJ, Parker E, Struthers CD, Jones CD, Dornburg A. Phylogenetic analysis of Antarctic notothenioids illuminates the utility of RADseq for resolving Cenozoic adaptive radiations. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 129:268-279. [PMID: 30195039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Notothenioids are a clade of ∼120 species of marine fishes distributed in extreme southern hemisphere temperate near-shore habitats and in the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica. Over the past 25 years, molecular and morphological approaches have redefined hypotheses of relationships among notothenioid lineages as well as their relationships among major lineages of percomorph teleosts. These phylogenies provide a basis for investigation of mechanisms of evolutionary diversification within the clade and have enhanced our understanding of the notothenioid adaptive radiation. Despite extensive efforts, there remain several questions concerning the phylogeny of notothenioids. In this study, we deploy DNA sequences of ∼100,000 loci obtained using RADseq to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of notothenioids and to assess the utility of RADseq loci for lineages that exhibit divergence times ranging from the Paleogene to the Quaternary. The notothenioid phylogenies inferred from the RADseq loci provide unparalleled resolution and node support for several long-standing problems including, (1) relationships among species of Trematomus, (2) resolution of Indonotothenia cyanobrancha as the sister lineage of Trematomus, (3) the deep paraphyly of Nototheniidae, (4) the paraphyly of Lepidonotothen s.l., (5) paraphyly of Artedidraco, and 6) the monophyly of the Bathydraconidae. Assessment of site rates demonstrates that RADseq loci are similar to mtDNA protein coding genes and exhibit peak phylogenetic informativeness at the time interval during which the major Antarctic notothenioid lineages originated and diversified. In addition to providing a well-resolved phylogenetic hypothesis for notothenioids, our analyses quantify the predicted utility of RADseq loci for Cenozoic phylogenetic inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Near
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Daniel J MacGuigan
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elyse Parker
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Carl D Struthers
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Christopher D Jones
- Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alex Dornburg
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
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La Mesa M, Donato F, Riginella E, Mazzoldi C. Life history traits of a poorly known pelagic fish, Aethotaxis mitopteryx (Perciformes, Notothenioidei) from the Weddell Sea. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martínez D, Oyarzún R, Vargas-Lagos C, Pontigo JP, Soto-Dávila M, Saravia J, Romero A, Núñez JJ, Yáñez AJ, Vargas-Chacoff L. Identification, characterization and modulation of ferritin-H in the sub-Antarctic Notothenioid Eleginops maclovinus challenged with Piscirickettsia salmonis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 73:88-96. [PMID: 28336188 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is a major iron storage protein essential not only in the infectious process, but also in any circumstance generating oxidative stress. In this study, the cDNA coding sequence of ferritin-H was obtained from the sub-Antarctic Notothenioid fish Eleginops maclovinus through transcriptomic analysis of the head kidney. This sequence contained a 534 bp open reading frame that coded for a 177 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 20,786.2 Da and a theoretical pI of 5.56. The protein displayed a region of iron putative response elements in the 5'UTR, two putative ferritin iron-binding region signatures, and seven characteristic amino acids with ferroxidase functions. Phylogenetic analysis related this sequence to ferritin-H sequences of other Antarctic Notothenioid fish, sharing 96.61% similarity. Constitutive gene expression analysis in different organs revealed increased ferritin-H gene expression in the gills, spleen, muscle, and liver. After infection with two bacterial strains of Piscirickettsia salmonis (LF-89 and Austral-005), ferritin-H was differentially expressed depending on bacterial strain and tissue. This study provides relevant information towards understanding the iron metabolism of a sub-Antarctic Notothenioid fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Escuela de Graduados, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Av. Los Pinos s/n Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - R Oyarzún
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Escuela de Graduados, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Av. Los Pinos s/n Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Vargas-Lagos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Escuela de Graduados, Programa de Magister en Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J P Pontigo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M Soto-Dávila
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J Saravia
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Escuela de Graduados, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Av. Los Pinos s/n Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - A Romero
- Centro Fondap Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Instituto de Patología Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J J Núñez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - A J Yáñez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - L Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Radchenko OA, Chereshnev IA, Petrovskaya AV, Balanov AA, Turanov SV. Position of the genus Azygopterus (Stichaeidae, Perciformes) in the system of the suborder Zoarcoidei as inferred from sequence variation of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lecointre G, Améziane N, Boisselier MC, Bonillo C, Busson F, Causse R, Chenuil A, Couloux A, Coutanceau JP, Cruaud C, d'Acoz CD, De Ridder C, Denys G, Dettaï A, Duhamel G, Eléaume M, Féral JP, Gallut C, Havermans C, Held C, Hemery L, Lautrédou AC, Martin P, Ozouf-Costaz C, Pierrat B, Pruvost P, Puillandre N, Samadi S, Saucède T, Schubart C, David B. Is the species flock concept operational? The Antarctic shelf case. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68787. [PMID: 23936311 PMCID: PMC3732269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a significant body of literature on species flock definition but not so much about practical means to appraise them. We here apply the five criteria of Eastman and McCune for detecting species flocks in four taxonomic components of the benthic fauna of the Antarctic shelf: teleost fishes, crinoids (feather stars), echinoids (sea urchins) and crustacean arthropods. Practical limitations led us to prioritize the three historical criteria (endemicity, monophyly, species richness) over the two ecological ones (ecological diversity and habitat dominance). We propose a new protocol which includes an iterative fine-tuning of the monophyly and endemicity criteria in order to discover unsuspected flocks. As a result nine « full » species flocks (fulfilling the five criteria) are briefly described. Eight other flocks fit the three historical criteria but need to be further investigated from the ecological point of view (here called "core flocks"). The approach also shows that some candidate taxonomic components are no species flocks at all. The present study contradicts the paradigm that marine species flocks are rare. The hypothesis according to which the Antarctic shelf acts as a species flocks generator is supported, and the approach indicates paths for further ecological studies and may serve as a starting point to investigate the processes leading to flock-like patterning of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lecointre
- UMR 7138 UPMC-MNHN-CNRS-IRD Systématique, Adaptation, Évolution, Département Systématique et Évolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP 39, Paris, France.
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Dettai A, Berkani M, Lautredou AC, Couloux A, Lecointre G, Ozouf-Costaz C, Gallut C. Tracking the elusive monophyly of nototheniid fishes (Teleostei) with multiple mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Mar Genomics 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lautrédou AC, Hinsinger D, Gallut C, Cheng CH, Berkani M, Ozouf-Costaz C, Cruaud C, Lecointre G, Dettai A. Phylogenetic footprints of an Antarctic radiation: The Trematominae (Notothenioidei, Teleostei). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 65:87-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Enzor LA, Zippay ML, Place SP. High latitude fish in a high CO2 world: Synergistic effects of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide on the metabolic rates of Antarctic notothenioids. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 164:154-61. [PMID: 22884997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the physiological response of teleost fishes to increased temperature has been well documented, there is only a small body of literature that examines the effects of ocean acidification on fish under ecologically relevant scenarios. Furthermore, little data exists which examines the possible synergistic effects of increased sea surface temperatures and pCO(2) levels, although it is well established that both will co-committedly change in the coming centuries. In this study we examined the effects of increased temperature, increased pCO(2), and a combination of these treatments on the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of four species of notothenioid fish, Trematomus bernacchii, T. hansoni, T. newnesi, and Pagothenia borchgrevinki, acclimated to treatment conditions for 7, 14 or 28days. While most species appear capable of rapidly acclimating to increased pCO(2), temperature continues to impact RMRs for up to 28days. One species in particular, T. newnesi, displayed no acclimatory response to any of the treatments regardless of acclimation time and may have a reduced capacity to respond to environmental change. Furthermore, we present evidence that temperature and pCO(2) act synergistically to further elevate the RMR and slow acclimation when compared to temperature or pCO(2) increases alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Enzor
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Smith PJ, Steinke D, Dettai A, McMillan P, Welsford D, Stewart A, Ward RD. DNA barcodes and species identifications in Ross Sea and Southern Ocean fishes. Polar Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-012-1173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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RUTSCHMANN SEREINA, MATSCHINER MICHAEL, DAMERAU MALTE, MUSCHICK MORITZ, LEHMANN MORITZF, HANEL REINHOLD, SALZBURGER WALTER. Parallel ecological diversification in Antarctic notothenioid fishes as evidence for adaptive radiation. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:4707-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Janko K, Marshall C, Musilová Z, Houdt JV, Couloux A, Cruaud C, Lecointre G. Multilocus analyses of an Antarctic fish species flock (Teleostei, Notothenioidei, Trematominae): Phylogenetic approach and test of the early-radiation event. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 60:305-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The Antarctic fish genus Artedidraco is paraphyletic (Teleostei, Notothenioidei, Artedidraconidae). Polar Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-011-0974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Eastman JT, Lannoo MJ. Divergence of brain and retinal anatomy and histology in pelagic antarctic notothenioid fishes of the sister taxaDissostichusandPleuragramma. J Morphol 2011; 272:419-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Collins MA, Brickle P, Brown J, Belchier M. The Patagonian toothfish: biology, ecology and fishery. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2010; 58:227-300. [PMID: 20959159 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381015-1.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) is a large notothenioid fish that supports valuable fisheries throughout the Southern Ocean. D. eleginoides are found on the southern shelves and slopes of South America and around the sub-Antarctic islands of the Southern Ocean. Patagonian toothfish are a long-lived species (>50 years), which initially grow rapidly on the shallow shelf areas, before undertaking an ontogenetic migration into deeper water. Although they are active predators and scavengers, there is no evidence of large-scale geographic migrations, and studies using genetics, biochemistry, parasite fauna and tagging indicate a high degree of isolation between populations in the Indian Ocean, South Georgia and the Patagonian Shelf. Patagonian toothfish spawn in deep water (ca. 1000 m) during the austral winter, producing pelagic eggs and larvae. Larvae switch to a demersal habitat at around 100 mm (1-year-old) and inhabit relatively shallow water (<300 m) until 6-7 years of age, when they begin a gradual migration into deeper water. As juveniles in shallow water, toothfish are primarily piscivorous, consuming the most abundant suitably sized local prey. With increasing size and habitat depth, the diet diversifies and includes more scavenging. Toothfish have weakly mineralised skeletons and a high fat content in muscle, which helps neutral buoyancy, but limits swimming capacity. Toothfish generally swim with labriform motion, but are capable of more rapid sub-carangiform swimming when startled. Toothfish were first caught as a by-catch (as juveniles) in shallow trawl fisheries, but following the development of deep water longlining, fisheries rapidly developed throughout the Southern Ocean. The initial rapid expansion of the fishery, which led to a peak of over 40,000 tonnes in reported landings in 1995, was accompanied by problems of bird by-catch and overexploitation as a consequence of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU). These problems have now largely been addressed, but continued vigilance is required to ensure that the species is sustainably exploited and the ecosystem effects of the fisheries are minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Collins
- Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Government House, Stanley, Falkland Islands, FIQQ 1ZZ
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Kuhn KL, Near TJ, Jones CD, Eastman JT. Aspects of the Biology and Population Genetics of the Antarctic Nototheniid Fish Trematomus nicolai. COPEIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-08-087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Campbell H, Davison W, Fraser KPP, Peck LS, Egginton S. Heart rate and ventilation in Antarctic fishes are largely determined by ecotype. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2009; 74:535-552. [PMID: 20735577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Extrinsic neural and humoral influences on heart rate (fH) and ventilation frequency (fV) were examined following varying periods of post-surgical recovery in eight related Antarctic fish species inhabiting an array of inshore niches. Resting fH after recovery from handling was lower than previous reports, and the novel measurement of routine fH in free-swimming Dissostichus mawsoni (6.14 beats min(-1), bpm) is the lowest recorded for any fish. The extent of cardio-depressive cholinergic (vagal) tonus explained the large range of fH among species and varied with behavioural repertoire, being lower in the more active species, apart from Notothenia coriiceps. Adrenergic tonus was low compared with cholinergic tonus, with the exception of Trematomus newnesi. Hence, high cardiac cholinergic tonus may be a genotypic trait of the notothenioids that diverged with ecotype. Power spectral analysis showed that the vagal influence produced comparable spectra among species of similar morphology and ecotype. Removal of autonomic tonus resulted in a remarkably similar intrinsic fH between species. Simultaneous measurements of cardio-respiratory variables and oxygen consumption (M(O(2))) were made in the benthic Trematomus bernacchii and cryopelagic Pagothenia borchgrevinki. The slopes of the relationship between fH and M(O(2)) were similar. Trematomus bernacchii, however, had a higher M(O(2)) for a given fH than P. borchgrevinki, and P. borchgrevinki required a two-fold larger range in fH to reach a similar maximum M(O(2)), suggesting that there is a difference in cardiovascular fitness between the two species. Overall, the data suggest that cardio-respiratory control in Antarctic nototheniids is largely determined by activity levels associated with a given ecotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Campbell
- Department of Physiology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, U.K
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Near TJ, Cheng CHC. Phylogenetics of notothenioid fishes (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha): Inferences from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 47:832-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Verde C, Lecointre G, di Prisco G. The phylogeny of polar fishes and the structure, function and molecular evolution of hemoglobin. Polar Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-006-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pisano E, Coscia MR, Mazzei F, Ghigliotti L, Coutanceau JP, Ozouf-Costaz C, Oreste U. Cytogenetic mapping of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in Antarctic fish. Genetica 2006; 130:9-17. [PMID: 16909334 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-006-0015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The chromosomal location of the IgH locus has been analyzed in several bony fish of the Antarctic perciform group Notothenioidei. Two IgH probes were prepared from the species Trematomus bernacchii (family Nototheniidae, tribe Trematominae) and mapped onto the chromosomes of ten species belonging to the same genus (Trematomus) and in two outgroups, through one-color and two-color FISH. A single location of the IgH locus was found in the majority of the species examined, including the outgroups, whereas in four of them the IgH genes splited to two chromosomal loci. RT-PCR experiments revealed the presence of three allelic sequences in T. newnesi, a species in which the IgH genes were organized in two chromosomal loci. Possible pathways leading to IgH genes duplication during the diversification of trematomine fishes were inferred from the analysis of the FISH patterns in a phylogenetic context. The present work provides the first comprehensive picture of IgH genes organization at chromosomal level in a bony fish group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pisano
- Department of Biology, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, Genova, Italy.
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