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Avila C, Buñuel X, Carmona F, Cotado A, Sacristán-Soriano O, Angulo-Preckler C. Would Antarctic Marine Benthos Survive Alien Species Invasions? What Chemical Ecology May Tell Us. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090543. [PMID: 36135732 PMCID: PMC9501038 DOI: 10.3390/md20090543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Antarctic marine benthic macroinvertebrates are chemically protected against predation by marine natural products of different types. Antarctic potential predators mostly include sea stars (macropredators) and amphipod crustaceans (micropredators) living in the same areas (sympatric). Recently, alien species (allopatric) have been reported to reach the Antarctic coasts, while deep-water crabs are suggested to be more often present in shallower waters. We decided to investigate the effect of the chemical defenses of 29 representative Antarctic marine benthic macroinvertebrates from seven different phyla against predation by using non-native allopatric generalist predators as a proxy for potential alien species. The Antarctic species tested included 14 Porifera, two Cnidaria, two Annelida, one Nemertea, two Bryozooa, three Echinodermata, and five Chordata (Tunicata). Most of these Antarctic marine benthic macroinvertebrates were chemically protected against an allopatric generalist amphipod but not against an allopatric generalist crab from temperate waters. Therefore, both a possible recolonization of large crabs from deep waters or an invasion of non-native generalist crab species could potentially alter the fundamental nature of these communities forever since chemical defenses would not be effective against them. This, together with the increasing temperatures that elevate the probability of alien species surviving, is a huge threat to Antarctic marine benthos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934020161
| | - Xavier Buñuel
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Carmona
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Cotado
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Oriol Sacristán-Soriano
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut Català de Recerca de l’Aigua, c/Emili Grahit, 101 (Edifici H2O-ICRA), 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Angulo-Preckler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) & Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Ciavatta ML, Lefranc F, Vieira LM, Kiss R, Carbone M, van Otterlo WAL, Lopanik NB, Waeschenbach A. The Phylum Bryozoa: From Biology to Biomedical Potential. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E200. [PMID: 32283669 PMCID: PMC7230173 DOI: 10.3390/md18040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Less than one percent of marine natural products characterized since 1963 have been obtained from the phylum Bryozoa which, therefore, still represents a huge reservoir for the discovery of bioactive metabolites with its ~6000 described species. The current review is designed to highlight how bryozoans use sophisticated chemical defenses against their numerous predators and competitors, and which can be harbored for medicinal uses. This review collates all currently available chemoecological data about bryozoans and lists potential applications/benefits for human health. The core of the current review relates to the potential of bryozoan metabolites in human diseases with particular attention to viral, brain, and parasitic diseases. It additionally weighs the pros and cons of total syntheses of some bryozoan metabolites versus the synthesis of non-natural analogues, and explores the hopes put into the development of biotechnological approaches to provide sustainable amounts of bryozoan metabolites without harming the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Ciavatta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.L.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leandro M. Vieira
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil;
| | - Robert Kiss
- Retired – formerly at the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS), 1000 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Marianna Carbone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.L.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Willem A. L. van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
| | - Nicole B. Lopanik
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
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Figuerola B, Avila C. The Phylum Bryozoa as a Promising Source of Anticancer Drugs. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E477. [PMID: 31426556 PMCID: PMC6722838 DOI: 10.3390/md17080477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in sampling and novel techniques in drug synthesis and isolation have promoted the discovery of anticancer agents from marine organisms to combat this major threat to public health worldwide. Bryozoans, which are filter-feeding, aquatic invertebrates often characterized by a calcified skeleton, are an excellent source of pharmacologically interesting compounds including well-known chemical classes such as alkaloids and polyketides. This review covers the literature for secondary metabolites isolated from marine cheilostome and ctenostome bryozoans that have shown potential as cancer drugs. Moreover, we highlight examples such as bryostatins, the most known class of marine-derived compounds from this animal phylum, which are advancing through anticancer clinical trials due to their low toxicity and antineoplastic activity. The bryozoan antitumor compounds discovered until now show a wide range of chemical diversity and biological activities. Therefore, more research focusing on the isolation of secondary metabolites with potential anticancer properties from bryozoans and other overlooked taxa covering wider geographic areas is needed for an efficient bioprospecting of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Figuerola
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
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Figuerola B, Angulo-Preckler C, Núñez-Pons L, Moles J, Sala-Comorera L, García-Aljaro C, Blanch AR, Avila C. Experimental evidence of chemical defence mechanisms in Antarctic bryozoans. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 129:68-75. [PMID: 28487162 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bryozoans are among the most abundant and diverse members of the Antarctic benthos, however the role of bioactive metabolites in ecological interactions has been scarcely studied. To extend our knowledge about the chemical ecology of Antarctic bryozoans, crude ether extracts (EE) and butanol extracts (BE) obtained from two Antarctic common species (Cornucopina pectogemma and Nematoflustra flagellata), were tested for antibacterial and repellent activities. The extracts were screened for quorum quenching and antibacterial activities against four Antarctic bacterial strains (Bacillus aquimaris, Micrococcus sp., Oceanobacillus sp. and Paracoccus sp.). The Antarctic amphipod Cheirimedon femoratus and the sea star Odontaster validus were selected as sympatric predators to perform anti-predatory and substrate preference assays. No quorum quenching activity was detected in any of the extracts, while all EE exhibited growth inhibition towards at least one bacterium strain. Although the species were not repellent against the sea star, they caused repellence to the amphipods in both extracts, suggesting that defence activities against predation derive from both lipophilic and hydrophilic metabolites. In the substrate preference assays, one EE and one BE deriving from different specimens of the species C. pectogemma were active. This study reveals intraspecific variability of chemical defences and supports the fact that chemically mediated interactions are common in Antarctic bryozoans as means of protection against fouling and predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Figuerola
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Angulo-Preckler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Núñez-Pons
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM) Stazione Zoologica 'Anton Dohrn' (SZN), Villa Comunale 80121, Naples, Italy; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Bocas del Toro Labs, Panama
| | - Juan Moles
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Sala-Comorera
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Aljaro
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anicet R Blanch
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Avila C. Biological and chemical diversity in Antarctica: from new species to new natural products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2016.1176957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Conxita Avila
- Department of Animal Biology, Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Figuerola B, Sala-Comorera L, Angulo-Preckler C, Vázquez J, Jesús Montes M, García-Aljaro C, Mercadé E, Blanch AR, Avila C. Antimicrobial activity of Antarctic bryozoans: an ecological perspective with potential for clinical applications. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 101:52-59. [PMID: 25232675 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of Antarctic bryozoans and the ecological functions of the chemical compounds involved remain largely unknown. To determine the significant ecological and applied antimicrobial effects, 16 ether and 16 butanol extracts obtained from 13 different bryozoan species were tested against six Antarctic (including Psychrobacter luti, Shewanella livingstonensis and 4 new isolated strains) and two bacterial strains from culture collections (Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus). Results from the bioassays reveal that all ether extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against some bacteria. Only one butanol extract produced inhibition, indicating that antimicrobial compounds are mainly lipophilic. Ether extracts of the genus Camptoplites inhibited the majority of bacterial strains, thus indicating a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Moreover, most ether extracts presented activities against bacterial strains from culture collections, suggesting the potential use of these extracts as antimicrobial drugs against pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Figuerola
- Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Laura Sala-Comorera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Carlos Angulo-Preckler
- Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jennifer Vázquez
- Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - M Jesús Montes
- Department of Health Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Aljaro
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Elena Mercadé
- Department of Health Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Anicet R Blanch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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