1
|
Ziveri P, Gray WR, Anglada-Ortiz G, Manno C, Grelaud M, Incarbona A, Rae JWB, Subhas AV, Pallacks S, White A, Adkins JF, Berelson W. Pelagic calcium carbonate production and shallow dissolution in the North Pacific Ocean. Nat Commun 2023; 14:805. [PMID: 36808154 PMCID: PMC9941586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Planktonic calcifying organisms play a key role in regulating ocean carbonate chemistry and atmospheric CO2. Surprisingly, references to the absolute and relative contribution of these organisms to calcium carbonate production are lacking. Here we report quantification of pelagic calcium carbonate production in the North Pacific, providing new insights on the contribution of the three main planktonic calcifying groups. Our results show that coccolithophores dominate the living calcium carbonate (CaCO3) standing stock, with coccolithophore calcite comprising ~90% of total CaCO3 production, and pteropods and foraminifera playing a secondary role. We show that pelagic CaCO3 production is higher than the sinking flux of CaCO3 at 150 and 200 m at ocean stations ALOHA and PAPA, implying that a large portion of pelagic calcium carbonate is remineralised within the photic zone; this extensive shallow dissolution explains the apparent discrepancy between previous estimates of CaCO3 production derived from satellite observations/biogeochemical modeling versus estimates from shallow sediment traps. We suggest future changes in the CaCO3 cycle and its impact on atmospheric CO2 will largely depend on how the poorly-understood processes that determine whether CaCO3 is remineralised in the photic zone or exported to depth respond to anthropogenic warming and acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ziveri
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. .,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, BABVE Department, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - William Robert Gray
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. .,University of St Andrews, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, St Andrews, United Kingdom.
| | - Griselda Anglada-Ortiz
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.10919.300000000122595234Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate (CAGE), Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Clara Manno
- grid.8682.40000000094781573British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Grelaud
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Incarbona
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Palermo, Italy
| | - James William Buchanan Rae
- grid.11914.3c0000 0001 0721 1626University of St Andrews, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Adam V. Subhas
- grid.56466.370000 0004 0504 7510Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Sven Pallacks
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelicque White
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Jess F. Adkins
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Department of Geology and Planetary Sciences, Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - William Berelson
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853University of Southern California, Department of Earth Sciences, Los Angeles, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kwon YS, La HS, Kang HW, Park J. A regional-scale approach for modeling primary production and biogenic silica export in the Southern Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114811. [PMID: 36414105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Persistent uncertainties in the representations of net primary production (NPP) and silicate in the Southern Ocean have been noted in recent assessments ofthe ocean biogeochemical components of Earth system models (ESMs). Consequently, more mechanistic studies at the regional scale are required. To reduce these uncertainties, we applied a one-dimensional (1D) marine ecosystem model to different bioregions in the Southern Ocean: the Polar Frontal Zone in the Pacific sector, the seasonal sea ice zone in the northwestern Ross Sea, and the inner shelf of Terra Nova Bay. To make the existing ecosystem model applicable to the Southern Ocean, we modified the phytoplankton physiology (stoichiometry depending on species) and the silicate cycle (dissolution rate of biogenic silica (BSi) depending on latitude) in the model. We quantified and compared seasonal variations in several limitation factors of NPP, namely, iron, irradiance, silicate and temperature, in the three regions. The simulation results showed that dissolved iron plays the most significant role in determining the magnitude of NPP and the phytoplankton community structure during summer. Additionally, the modified model successfully reproduced the vertical flux of BSi and particulate organic carbon (POC). The POC export efficiency was high in the inner shelf zone, which had high levels of iron concentration, NPP, and Phaeocystis biomass. In contrast, BSi export occurred most efficiently in the Polar Frontal Zone, where diatoms are dominant, the BSi dissolution rate is low, and NPP is extremely low. Our results from the integrated mechanistic framework at the regional scale demonstrate which specific processes should be urgently included in ESMs for better representation of the biogeochemical dynamics in the Southern Ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Shin Kwon
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Sul La
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoun-Woo Kang
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Primary Production, an Index of Climate Change in the Ocean: Satellite-Based Estimates over Two Decades. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12050826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Primary production by marine phytoplankton is one of the largest fluxes of carbon on our planet. In the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in estimating global primary production at high spatial and temporal scales by combining in situ measurements of primary production with remote-sensing observations of phytoplankton biomass. One of the major challenges in this approach lies in the assignment of the appropriate model parameters that define the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton to the light field. In the present study, a global database of in situ measurements of photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) parameters and a 20-year record of climate quality satellite observations were used to assess global primary production and its variability with seasons and locations as well as between years. In addition, the sensitivity of the computed primary production to potential changes in the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton cells under changing environmental conditions was investigated. Global annual primary production varied from 38.8 to 42.1 Gt C yr − 1 over the period of 1998–2018. Inter-annual changes in global primary production did not follow a linear trend, and regional differences in the magnitude and direction of change in primary production were observed. Trends in primary production followed directly from changes in chlorophyll-a and were related to changes in the physico-chemical conditions of the water column due to inter-annual and multidecadal climate oscillations. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis in which P-I parameters were adjusted by ±1 standard deviation showed the importance of accurately assigning photosynthetic parameters in global and regional calculations of primary production. The assimilation number of the P-I curve showed strong relationships with environmental variables such as temperature and had a practically one-to-one relationship with the magnitude of change in primary production. In the future, such empirical relationships could potentially be used for a more dynamic assignment of photosynthetic rates in the estimation of global primary production. Relationships between the initial slope of the P-I curve and environmental variables were more elusive.
Collapse
|