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Cabezas A, Azziz G, Bovio-Winkler P, Fuentes L, Braga L, Wenzel J, Sabaris S, Tarlera S, Etchebehere C. Ubiquity and Diversity of Cold Adapted Denitrifying Bacteria Isolated From Diverse Antarctic Ecosystems. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:827228. [PMID: 35923392 PMCID: PMC9339992 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.827228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen cycle has been poorly investigated in Antarctic ecosystems. In particular, how extreme conditions of low temperature, dryness, and high radiation select the microorganisms involved in the cycle is not yet understood. Denitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in which nitrate is reduced stepwise to the gases NO, N2O, and N2. Denitrification is carried out by a wide group of microorganisms spread in the phylogenetic tree. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize denitrifying bacteria present in different cold environments from Antarctica. Bacterial isolates were obtained from lake, meltwater, sea, glacier ice, ornithogenic soil, and penguin feces samples from King George Island, Fildes peninsula in the Antarctic. Samples were taken during the deicing season in five sampling campaigns. From all the samples we were able to isolate denitrifying strains. A total of 199 bacterial isolates with the capacity to grow in anaerobic mineral media reducing nitrate at 4°C were obtained. The characterization of the isolates by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed a high predominance of the genus Pseudomonas, followed by Janthinobacterium, Flavobacterium, Psychrobacter, and Yersinia. Other minor genera detected were Cryobacterium, Iodobacter, Kaistella, and Carnobacterium. The capacity to denitrify was not previously described for most of the bacteria related to our isolates and in many of them denitrifying genes were not present suggesting the presence of new genes in this extreme environment. Our work demonstrates the ubiquity of denitrification in the Maritime Antarctica and gives important information linking denitrification at cold temperature with taxa in an unequivocal way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cabezas
- Instituto Tecnológico Regional Centro Sur, Universidad Tecnológica, Durazno, Uruguay
| | - Gastón Azziz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de biología, Facultad de Agronomía, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Bovio-Winkler
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genómica Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genómica Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Braga
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genómica Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Wenzel
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genómica Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvia Sabaris
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genómica Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvana Tarlera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Medioambiental, Departamento Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Etchebehere
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Bioquímica y Genómica Microbiana, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Claudia Etchebehere,
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Krucon T, Dziewit L, Drewniak L. Insight Into Ecology, Metabolic Potential, and the Taxonomic Composition of Bacterial Communities in the Periodic Water Pond on King George Island (Antarctica). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:708607. [PMID: 34690951 PMCID: PMC8531505 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.708607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar regions contain a wide variety of lentic ecosystems. These include periodic ponds that have a significant impact on carbon and nitrogen cycling in polar environments. This study was conducted to assess the taxonomic and metabolic diversity of bacteria found in Antarctic pond affected by penguins and sea elephants and to define their role in ongoing processes. Metabolic assays showed that of the 168 tested heterotrophic bacteria present in the Antarctic periodic pond, 96% are able to degrade lipids, 30% cellulose, 26% proteins, and 26% starch. The taxonomic classification of the obtained isolates differs from that based on the composition of the 16S rRNA relative abundances in the studied pond. The dominant Actinobacteria constituting 45% of isolates represents a low proportion of the community, around 4%. With the addition of run-off, the proportions of inhabiting bacteria changed, including a significant decrease in the abundance of Cyanobacteria, from 2.38 to 0.33%, increase of Firmicutes from 9.32 to 19.18%, and a decreasing richness (Chao1 index from 1299 to 889) and diversity (Shannon index from 4.73 to 4.20). Comparative studies of communities found in different Antarctic environments indicate a great role for penguins in shaping bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Krucon
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Dziewit
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Drewniak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Antelo V, Giménez M, Azziz G, Valdespino‐Castillo P, Falcón LI, Ruberto LAM, Mac Cormack WP, Mazel D, Batista S. Metagenomic strategies identify diverse integron-integrase and antibiotic resistance genes in the Antarctic environment. Microbiologyopen 2021; 10:e1219. [PMID: 34713606 PMCID: PMC8435808 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify and analyze integrons and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in samples collected from diverse sites in terrestrial Antarctica. Integrons were studied using two independent methods. One involved the construction and analysis of intI gene amplicon libraries. In addition, we sequenced 17 metagenomes of microbial mats and soil by high-throughput sequencing and analyzed these data using the IntegronFinder program. As expected, the metagenomic analysis allowed for the identification of novel predicted intI integrases and gene cassettes (GCs), which mostly encode unknown functions. However, some intI genes are similar to sequences previously identified by amplicon library analysis in soil samples collected from non-Antarctic sites. ARGs were analyzed in the metagenomes using ABRIcate with CARD database and verified if these genes could be classified as GCs by IntegronFinder. We identified 53 ARGs in 15 metagenomes, but only four were classified as GCs, one in MTG12 metagenome (Continental Antarctica), encoding an aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AAC(6´)acetyltransferase) and the other three in CS1 metagenome (Maritime Antarctica). One of these genes encodes a class D β-lactamase (blaOXA-205) and the other two are located in the same contig. One is part of a gene encoding the first 76 amino acids of aminoglycoside adenyltransferase (aadA6), and the other is a qacG2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Antelo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología MolecularInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (MECAv. Italia 3318MontevideoCP 11600Uruguay
| | - Matías Giménez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología MolecularInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (MECAv. Italia 3318MontevideoCP 11600Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Genómica MicrobianaInstitut Pasteur Montevideo. Mataojo 2020MontevideoUruguay
| | - Gastón Azziz
- Laboratorio de MicrobiologíaFacultad de AgronomíaUdelaR. Av. Garzón 780. CP 12900MontevideoUruguay
| | - Patricia Valdespino‐Castillo
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging DivisionBSISB ProgramLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryOne Cyclotron RdBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Luisa I. Falcón
- Laboratorio de Ecología BacterianaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCDMX04510Mexico
- UNAMParque Científico y Tecnológico de Yucatán97302Mexico
| | - Lucas A. M. Ruberto
- Instituto Antártico Argentino. Av25 de Mayo 1143San Martín, Buenos Aires1650Argentina
- Cátedra de BiotecnologíaFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica e Instituto Nanobiotec UBA‐CONICET. Ave. Junín 956Buenos Aires1113Argentina
| | - Walter P. Mac Cormack
- Instituto Antártico Argentino. Av25 de Mayo 1143San Martín, Buenos Aires1650Argentina
- Cátedra de BiotecnologíaFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica e Instituto Nanobiotec UBA‐CONICET. Ave. Junín 956Buenos Aires1113Argentina
| | - Didier Mazel
- Département Génomes et GénétiqueInstitut PasteurUnité Plasticité du Génome BactérienParisFrance
- CNRSUMR3525ParisFrance
| | - Silvia Batista
- Laboratorio de Microbiología MolecularInstituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable (MECAv. Italia 3318MontevideoCP 11600Uruguay
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Huang IS, Pinnell LJ, Turner JW, Abdulla H, Boyd L, Linton EW, Zimba PV. Preliminary Assessment of Microbial Community Structure of Wind-Tidal Flats in the Laguna Madre, Texas, USA. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E183. [PMID: 32707990 PMCID: PMC7464120 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aside from two samples collected nearly 50 years ago, little is known about the microbial composition of wind tidal flats in the hypersaline Laguna Madre, Texas. These mats account for ~42% of the lagoon's area. These microbial communities were sampled at four locations that historically had mats in the Laguna Madre, including Laguna Madre Field Station (LMFS), Nighthawk Bay (NH), and two locations in Kenedy Ranch (KRN and KRS). Amplicon sequencing of 16S genes determined the presence of 51 prokaryotic phyla dominated by Bacteroidota, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Desulfobacteria, Firmicutes, Halobacteria, and Proteobacteria. The microbial community structure of NH and KR is significantly different to LMFS, in which Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria were most abundant. Twenty-three cyanobacterial taxa were identified via genomic analysis, whereas 45 cyanobacterial taxa were identified using morphological analysis, containing large filamentous forms on the surface, and smaller, motile filamentous and coccoid forms in subsurface mat layers. Sample sites were dominated by species in Oscillatoriaceae (i.e., Lyngbya) and Coleofasciculaceae (i.e., Coleofasciculus). Most cyanobacterial sequences (~35%) could not be assigned to any established taxa at the family/genus level, given the limited knowledge of hypersaline cyanobacteria. A total of 73 cyanobacterial bioactive metabolites were identified using ultra performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap MS analysis from these commu nities. Laguna Madre seems unique compared to other sabkhas in terms of its microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.-Shuo Huang
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Lee J. Pinnell
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (L.J.P.); (J.W.T.)
- A. Watson Armour III Center for Animal Health and Welfare, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Turner
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA; (L.J.P.); (J.W.T.)
| | - Hussain Abdulla
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
| | - Lauren Boyd
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (L.B.); (E.W.L.)
| | - Eric W. Linton
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA; (L.B.); (E.W.L.)
| | - Paul V. Zimba
- Center for Coastal Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA;
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