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Vesman AV, Ershova AA, Litina EN, Chukmasov PV. Assessment of marine litter on the Fields Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 200:116164. [PMID: 38364645 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The study presents the results of the survey of beached litter on the two opposite shores of the Fields Peninsula (King George Island) conducted during the austral summer seasons of 2022 and 2023, as part of the 67th and 68th Russian Antarctic expeditions. Beaches situated on the coast of the Drake Passage were much more polluted compared to the beaches on the Maxwell Bay side. Plastic accounted for 86 % of all found items on the shores of the Drake Passage, with the majority of items related to fisheries or shipping. On the Maxwell Bay beaches, only 36 % of litter was plastic, with other categories like wood and metal dominating the total number. The average density of marine litter is 0.32 items/m (0.017 items/m2), comparable to other similar surveys conducted on Antarctic islands; however, this is at least 15-20 times lower than beach litter densities in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Vesman
- Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Saint Petersburg, Russia; Russian State Hydrometeorological University (RSHU), Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Alexandra A Ershova
- Russian State Hydrometeorological University (RSHU), Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Litina
- Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel V Chukmasov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
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Olgun N, Tarı U, Balcı N, Altunkaynak Ş, Gürarslan I, Yakan SD, Thalasso F, Astorga-España MS, Cabrol L, Lavergne C, Hoffmann L. Lithological controls on lake water biogeochemistry in Maritime Antarctica. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168562. [PMID: 37981135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Although the Antarctic lakes are of great importance for the climate and the carbon cycle, the lithological influences on the input of elements that are necessary for phytoplankton in lakes have so far been insufficiently investigated. To address this issue, we analyzed phytoplankton cell concentrations and chemical compositions of water samples from lakes, ponds and a stream on Fildes and Ardley Islands of King George Island in the South Shetland Archipelago. Furthermore, lake sediments, as well as soil and rock samples collected from the littoral zone were analyzed for their mineralogical/petrographic composition and pollutant contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition, leaching experiments were carried out to with the lithologic samples to investigate the possible changes in pH, alkalinity, macronutrients (N, P, Si), micronutrients (e.g. Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn), anions (S, F, Br), and other cations (e.g. Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, As, Se, Pb, Sb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Ba, Tl, B). Our results showed that phytoplankton levels varied between 15 and 206 cells/mL. Chlorophyll-a concentrations showed high correlations with NH4, NO3. The low levels of PO4 (<0.001 mg/L) indicated a possible P-limitation in the studied lakes. The composition of rock samples ranged from basalt to trachybasalt with variable major oxide (e.g. SiO2, Na2O and K2O) contents and consist mainly quartz, albite, calcite, dolomite and zeolite minerals. The concentrations of total PAHs were below the toxic threshold levels (9.55-131.25 ng g-1 dw). Leaching experiments with lithologic samples indicated major increase in pH (up to 9.77 ± 0.02) and nutrients, especially PO4 (1.03 ± 0.04 mg/L), indicating a strong P-fertilization impact in increased melting scenarios. Whereas, toxic elements such as Pb, Cu, Cd, Al and As were also released from the lithology, which may reduce the phytoplankton growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Olgun
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ufuk Tarı
- Faculty of Mines, Department of Geological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurgül Balcı
- Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Geological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şafak Altunkaynak
- Faculty of Mines, Department of Geological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Işıl Gürarslan
- Faculty of Mines, Department of Geological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevil Deniz Yakan
- Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Frederic Thalasso
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Depto. Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Av. IPN. 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco C.P. 07360, Mexico
| | | | - Léa Cabrol
- Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (M.I.O, UMR 110), CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Lavergne
- HUB Ambiental UPLA and Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research (LACER), Universidad de Playa Ancha, Subida Leopoldo Carvallo 207, Valparaíso 234000, Chile
| | - Linn Hoffmann
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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Kang S, Kim S, Park KC, Petrašiūnas A, Shin HC, Jo E, Cho SM, Kim JH. Molecular evidence for multiple origins and high genetic differentiation of non-native winter crane fly, Trichocera maculipennis (Diptera: Trichoceridae), in the maritime Antarctic. Environ Res 2024; 242:117636. [PMID: 37952853 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Native biodiversity and ecosystems of Antarctica safeguarded from biological invasion face recent threats from non-native species, accelerated by increasing human activities and climate changes. Over two decades ago, the winter crane fly, Trichocera maculipennis, was first detected on King George Island. It has now successfully colonized several research stations across King George Island. To understand the origin, genetic diversity, and population structure of this Holarctic species, we conducted mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence analysis across both its native and invasive ranges. In parallel, we performed microsatellite loci analysis within the invasive ranges, utilizing 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Furthermore, we compared body sizes among adult males and females collected from three different locations of King George Island. Our COI sequence analysis exhibited two different lineages present on King George Island. Lineage I was linked to Arctic Svalbard and Polish cave populations and Lineage II was related to Canadian Terra Nova National Park populations, implying multiple origins. Microsatellite analysis further exhibited high levels of genetic diversity and significant levels of genetic differentiation among invasive populations. Body sizes of adult T. maculipennis were significantly different among invasive populations but were not attributed to genetics. This significant genetic diversity likely facilitated the rapid colonization and establishment of T. maculipennis on King George Island, contributing to their successful invasion. Molecular analysis results revealed a substantial amount of genetic variation within invasive populations, which can serve as management units for invasive species control. Furthermore, the genetic markers we developed in the study will be invaluable tools for tracking impending invasion events and the travel routes of new individuals. Taken together, these findings illustrate the highly invasive and adaptable characteristics of T. maculipennis. Therefore, immediate action is necessary to mitigate their ongoing invasion and facilitate their eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Kang
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Kye Chung Park
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Andrius Petrašiūnas
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, LT 1022, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Euna Jo
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Sung Mi Cho
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea.
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Pongpiachan S, Thumanu K, Chantharakhon C, Phoomalee C, Charoenkalunyuta T, Promdee K, Poshyachinda S, Hashmi MZ. Applying synchrotron radiation-based attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared to chemically characterise organic functional groups in terrestrial soils of King George Island, Antarctica. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19711. [PMID: 37809680 PMCID: PMC10559015 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities, especially associated with fossil fuel combustion, are raising concerns worldwide, but remote areas with extreme climate conditions, such as Antarctica, are isolated from the adverse influence of human civilisation. Antarctica is considered as the most untouched place on Earth. Such pristine areas, which have extremely low chemical pollutant concentrations owing to restricted anthropogenic impacts, exemplify plausible model environments to test the reliability and sensitivity of advanced analytical techniques employed to chemically characterise and evaluate the spatial distribution of chemical pollutants. Here, synchrotron radiation-based attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (SR-ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to evaluate the variations in the organic functional groups (OFGs) of terrestrial soils of King George Island, Antarctica. Second-derivative SR-ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with several multivariate statistical techniques highlighted the influence of anthropogenic activities on the alterations of OFGs in terrestrial soils collected near airports. Moreover, the daily activities of penguins could also have caused fluctuations in some OFGs of the samples the close to the Tombolo area and Ardley Island. The findings proved the effectiveness of SR-ATR-FTIR in evaluating the potential sources of variations in the chemical constituents, especially OFGs, in Antarctic terrestrial soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwatt Pongpiachan
- NIDA Center for Research & Development of Disaster Prevention & Management, School of Social and Environmental Development, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), 148, Sereethai Road, Klong-Chan, Bangkapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
- National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) 260 Moo 4, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiang-Mai, 50180, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organisation), 111 Moo 6, University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Chulalak Chantharakhon
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organisation), 111 Moo 6, University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Chunmanus Phoomalee
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organisation), 111 Moo 6, University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | | | - Kittiphop Promdee
- Department of Environmental Science, Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, Nakhon Nayok, 26001, Thailand
| | - Saran Poshyachinda
- National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization) 260 Moo 4, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiang-Mai, 50180, Thailand
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Yao B, Niu G, Wang Z, Mu H, Ren X, Jiao Y, Cai C, Li J. Kaistella polysaccharea sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic intertidal sediment produces a novel extracellular polymeric substance. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37725075 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide-producing bacterial strain GW4-15T, belonging to the genus Kaistella, was isolated from intertidal sediment from King George Island, Antarctic. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile and yellow-pigmented. The strain was able to grow in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %), at 4-30 °C (optimum, 20-28 °C) and at pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0). A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GW4-15T formed a lineage within the genus Kaistella with the closest phylogenetic neighbours Kaistella carnis NCTC 13525T (98.3 %), Kaistella gelatinilytica G5-32T (97.7 %), Kaistella antarctica LMG 24720T (97.4 %) and Kaistella yonginensis HMD1043T (96.9 %). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain GW4-15T with K. carnis NCTC 13525T, K. antarctica LMG 24720T, K. gelatinilytica G5-32T and K. yonginensis HMD1043T were 22.8, 22.0, 21.7 and 21.6 %, respectively. The average nucleotide identity values between strain GW4-15T and K. carnis NCTC 13525T , K. antarctica LMG 24720T, K. gelatinilytica G5-32T and K. yonginensis HMD1043T were 79.3, 78.6, 77.5 and 77.2 %, respectively. The G+C content of the genome was 36.2 mol%. The major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and aminophospholipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-6. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (28.7 %), iso-C16 : 0 3-OH (15.7 %), iso-C16 : 0 H (10.0 %), iso-C16 : 0 (5.4 %), summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1 ω9c and/or 10-methyl C16 : 0; 5.2 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (5.1 %). The monosaccharide composition of the new type of extracellular polymeric of GW4-15T was Glc, GalN, GlcN, Rha, Man and Gal with a molar ratio of 3.14 : 3.83 : 8.38 : 5.16 : 1 : 2.82. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, a novel species, Kaistella polysaccharea sp. nov., is proposed with the type strain GW4-15T (=CGMCC 1.19368T=KCTC 92753T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqing Yao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China
| | - Guojiang Niu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Hongmei Mu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China
| | - Xingtao Ren
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China
| | - Yabin Jiao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China
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Mo A, Park K, Yang EJ, Park J, Kim TW. Seasonal variation of inorganic carbon parameters and air-sea exchange of CO 2 in Marian Cove, King George Island, Western Antarctic Peninsula. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 193:115185. [PMID: 37364337 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic carbon parameters were observed in Marian Cove, King George Island, Western Antarctic Peninsula, to assess the impact of the Antarctic coastal regions on air-sea CO2 exchange. The variations in total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were caused by ice melting, formation, and biological activities. The net annual air-sea CO2 flux (5.6 ± 11.8 mmol m-2 d-1) indicated that Marian Cove was a CO2 source in the atmosphere, suggesting the opposite role of the Antarctic coastal regions to the Southern Ocean in CO2 flux estimates. Finally, this study identified the controlling factors of the annual variation of TA and DIC for the first time through direct field observations in King George Island. This study indicated that Antarctic coastal regions can act as a CO2 source to the atmosphere. Thus, further investigations and continuous monitoring are required in the coastal areas to improve our understanding of global carbon cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahra Mo
- Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keyhong Park
- Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yang
- Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; OJEong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Kochman-Kędziora N, Noga T, Olech M, Van de Vijver B. The influence of penguin activity on soil diatom assemblages on King George Island, Antarctica with the description of a new Luticola species. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13624. [PMID: 35811820 PMCID: PMC9261928 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ice-free areas in the Antarctic region are strongly limited. The presence of marine mammals and birds in those areas influence soil properties and vegetation composition. Studies on the terrestrial diatom flora in soils influenced by sea birds in the Maritime Antarctic region are scarce. Methods Samples were collected from two transects on the western shore of the Admiralty Bay region. Light and scanning electron microscopic observations and statistical analyses were conducted to consider the impact of penguin rookeries on soil diatom assemblages. Results The disturbance associated with the presence of penguin rookeries clearly influences the soil diatom diversity. Assemblages from areas with the highest nutrient input were characterized by a much lower diversity with only few species dominating the flora. One of recorded taxa could not be assigned to any of the known species. Therefore, based on the combination of morphological features analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopes and comparison with similar taxa in the Antarctic region and worldwide, the species is described hereby as new to science-Luticola kaweckae sp.nov. The new species is characteristic for soil habitats with strong penguin influence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Noga
- Department of Soil Studies, Environmental Chemistry and Hydrology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Maria Olech
- Department of Polar Research and Documentation, Jagiellonian University Cracow, Kraków, Poland,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bart Van de Vijver
- Research Department, Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium,Department of Biology, ECOSPHERE, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Pérez CA, Kim M, Aravena JC, Silva W. Diazotrophic activity and denitrification in two long-term chronosequences of maritime Antarctica. Sci Total Environ 2022; 809:152234. [PMID: 34896140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The main goals of this study were to identify whether key processes involved in microbial soil nitrogen transformations, such as diazotrophic activity and denitrification, the chemical properties of limiting elements in the soil, and microbial community structure, differ in the different successional stages of two long term chronosequences in maritime Antarctica. Moreover, we expect the rates of diazotrophic activity and denitrification to be stimulated by increases in air temperature and moisture. To answer these questions, we selected three stages in the succession (early, mid and late) in each of two well established chronosequences: three raised beaches in Ardley Island; and the Barton Peninsula, which includes two cosmogenically dated sites and the forefield of the Fourcade glacier. In the Ardley chronosequence, higher diazotrophic activity was found in the older successional stages, concomitant with an increase in the abundance of Cyanobacteria. In the Barton chronosequence, Cyanobacteria were only present and abundant (Microcoleus) in the early successional stage, coinciding with the highest diazotrophic activity. Denitrification in the Barton chronosequence tended to be highest at the mid successional sites, associated with the highest abundance of Rhodanobacter. In the Ardley chronosequence, the lowest abundance of Rhodanobacter was linked to lower denitrification rates in the mid successional stage. In the Ardley chronosequence, significant positive effects of passive warming and water addition on diazotrophic activity were detected in the first and the second years of the study respectively. In the Barton chronosequence on the other hand, there was no response to either passive warming or water addition, probably a manifestation of the higher nutrient limitation in this site. Denitrification showed no response to either warming or water addition. Thus, the response of microbial nitrogen transformations to global change is highly dependent on the environmental setting, such as soil origin, age and climate regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Pérez
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Las Palmeras, 3425 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mincheol Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Juan Carlos Aravena
- Centro de Investigación Gaia Antártica (CIGA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Wladimir Silva
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Las Palmeras, 3425 Santiago, Chile
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Szumińska D, Potapowicz J, Szopińska M, Czapiewski S, Falk U, Frankowski M, Polkowska Ż. Sources and composition of chemical pollution in Maritime Antarctica ( King George Island), part 2: Organic and inorganic chemicals in snow cover at the Warszawa Icefield. Sci Total Environ 2021; 796:149054. [PMID: 34328894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study area is located on King George Island, where 90% of the area is permanently glaciated. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the inorganic and organic chemistry of snow cover in the icefield and a comparison against previous results obtained in fresh water. Snow samples were collected in the summer of 2017 in the Warszawa Icefield area. Sampling points are located along two transects: between the Arctowski Polish Polar Station and the Carlini Base (N = 4), and from the forefield to the upper part of Ecology Glacier (N = 5). In the snow samples, (1) basic ions, (2) major trace metals and metalloids (and B), and (3) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected and quantified. Additionally, the parameters of pH, specific electrolytic conductivity (SEC25) and total organic carbon (TOC) were determined. The results show a low concentration of inorganic elements (<30 mg/L), TOC (<1 mg/L) and PAHs (0.11-1.4 ng/L) in collected snow samples. A slight increase in PAHs and heavy-metals concentration has been observed at the marginal parts of the icefield, which suggests the impact of scientific stations. Based on this result there is a need to conduct research on pollutant levels in ice cores on King George Island to assess the risk associated with rapid glacier thawing and pollution remobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Szumińska
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, 8 Kościelecki Sq., 85-033 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Potapowicz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Water and Wastewater Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Sebastian Czapiewski
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Institute of Geography, 8 Kościelecki Sq., 85-033 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ulrike Falk
- Bremen University, Institute for Geography, Climate Lab, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Marcin Frankowski
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego St., 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Department, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland
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Martins CC, de Abreu-Mota MA, do Nascimento MG, Dauner ALL, Lourenço RA, Bícego MC, Montone RC. Sources and depositional changes of aliphatic hydrocarbons recorded in sedimentary cores from Admiralty Bay, South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica during last decades. Sci Total Environ 2021; 795:148881. [PMID: 34252762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic biomarkers, as aliphatic hydrocarbons, are present in sedimentary organic matter and have been largely applied to the evaluation of recent environmental changes in the marine environment around the globe, including the Antarctic continent. Five sediment cores were taken in the Admiralty Bay, South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica to evaluate changes in the signature of aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-alkanes (n-C10 to n-C40) and isoprenoids as pristane and phytane, over the last decades. The total n-alkanes concentration ranged from 0.17 to 1.67 μg g-1 (mean = 0.74 ± 0.42) which is considered low and similar to pristine sediments. Aliphatic hydrocarbons present in the sedimentary pool came mostly from terrestrial sources as Antarctic lichens and mosses, and from marine sources as the macroalgae forest debris and emergent macrophytes. Anthropogenic inputs of aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g., petroleum and their by-products) may be neglected based on the multi-proxy approach used to distinct sources of these organic compounds. In general, no significant changes in the sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons were observed along the sediment cores; however, an increased aliphatic hydrocarbons input registered between 1975 and 1992 may be related to the increase in meltwater runoff and the relatively high abundance of marine producers more adapted to increased sea temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 8325-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Alves de Abreu-Mota
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 8325-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Mylene Giseli do Nascimento
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 8325-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia L Dauner
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 8325-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael André Lourenço
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda C Montone
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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11
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Krucon T, Dziewit L, Drewniak L. Insight Into Ecology, Metabolic Potential, and the Taxonomic Composition of Bacterial Communities in the Periodic Water Pond on King George Island (Antarctica). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:708607. [PMID: 34690951 PMCID: PMC8531505 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.708607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polar regions contain a wide variety of lentic ecosystems. These include periodic ponds that have a significant impact on carbon and nitrogen cycling in polar environments. This study was conducted to assess the taxonomic and metabolic diversity of bacteria found in Antarctic pond affected by penguins and sea elephants and to define their role in ongoing processes. Metabolic assays showed that of the 168 tested heterotrophic bacteria present in the Antarctic periodic pond, 96% are able to degrade lipids, 30% cellulose, 26% proteins, and 26% starch. The taxonomic classification of the obtained isolates differs from that based on the composition of the 16S rRNA relative abundances in the studied pond. The dominant Actinobacteria constituting 45% of isolates represents a low proportion of the community, around 4%. With the addition of run-off, the proportions of inhabiting bacteria changed, including a significant decrease in the abundance of Cyanobacteria, from 2.38 to 0.33%, increase of Firmicutes from 9.32 to 19.18%, and a decreasing richness (Chao1 index from 1299 to 889) and diversity (Shannon index from 4.73 to 4.20). Comparative studies of communities found in different Antarctic environments indicate a great role for penguins in shaping bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Krucon
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Dziewit
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Drewniak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Ramírez-Fernández L, Orellana LH, Johnston ER, Konstantinidis KT, Orlando J. Diversity of microbial communities and genes involved in nitrous oxide emissions in Antarctic soils impacted by marine animals as revealed by metagenomics and 100 metagenome-assembled genomes. Sci Total Environ 2021; 788:147693. [PMID: 34029816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic soils generally have low temperatures and limited availability of liquid water and nutrients. However, animals can increase the nutrient availability of ice-free areas by transferring nutrients from marine to terrestrial ecosystems, mainly through their excreta. In this study, we employed shotgun metagenomics and population genome binning techniques to study the diversity of microbial communities in Antarctic soils impacted by marine pinnipeds and birds relative to soils with no evident animal presence. We obtained ~285,000 16S rRNA gene-carrying metagenomic reads representing ~60 phyla and 100 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) representing eight phyla. Only nine of these 100 MAGs represented previously described species, revealing that these soils harbor extensive novel diversity. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla in all samples, with Rhodanobacter being one of the most abundant genera in the bird-impacted soils. Further, the relative abundance of genes related to denitrification was at least double in soils impacted by birds than soils without animal influence. These results advance our understanding of the microbial populations and their genes involved in nitrous oxide emissions in ice-free coastal Antarctic soils impacted by marine animals and reveal novel microbial diversity associated with these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Ramírez-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis H Orellana
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric R Johnston
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Konstantinos T Konstantinidis
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julieta Orlando
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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13
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Osińska M, Bialik RJ, Wójcik-Długoborska KA. Interrelation of quality parameters of surface waters in five tidewater glacier coves of King George Island, Antarctica. Sci Total Environ 2021; 771:144780. [PMID: 33548705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For further understanding of glacial meltwater's (GMW) impacts on marine environments, five coves adjacent to diverse glaciers of King George Island, Antarctica were investigated through surface measurements of water quality parameters. Measurements were conducted 49 times during January, February and March of 2019, with sampling performed in unprecedently close proximity to glacial fronts (<50 m distance from glacier termini in each cove) to create a unique dataset. Four out of five of the coves were inspected through vertical profiling to show water-column stratification. The findings showed synchronized GMW influence causing decreases of salinity, temperature, and dissolved organic matter contents, combined with increased pH, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen values. GMW presence was most correlated with dissolved organic matter content (93% of the cases >0.5 correlation noted with either turbidity or salinity) and least correlated with water temperature (from 22% to 77% of the cases with >0.5 correlation, dependent on the cove). In contrast to previous studies, the pH values of seawater infused with GMW were higher than those of the surrounding water. GMW was shown to stay in the boundary surface layer of the water column. Phytoplankton pigment quantities depending on the localization, time and distance from the glacial termini presented varied response to GMW (positive, negative or ambivalent with hotspots of simultaneous high GMW and phytoplankton quantities). The positive response to glacial water input was more often noted in measurements of phycoerythrin (from 0 to 80% of the cases depending on the cove) rather than chlorophyll A (from 0 to 25%) and maximum quantities of both biological pigments were found at a depth of approximately 5-10 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Osińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Robert Józef Bialik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Barták M, Hájek J, Orekhova A, Villagra J, Marín C, Palfner G, Casanova-Katny A. Inhibition of Primary Photosynthesis in Desiccating Antarctic Lichens Differing in Their Photobionts, Thallus Morphology, and Spectral Properties. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040818. [PMID: 33924436 PMCID: PMC8070113 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Five macrolichens of different thallus morphology from Antarctica (King George Island) were used for this ecophysiological study. The effect of thallus desiccation on primary photosynthetic processes was examined. We investigated the lichens' responses to the relative water content (RWC) in their thalli during the transition from a wet (RWC of 100%) to a dry state (RWC of 0%). The slow Kautsky kinetics of chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) that was recorded during controlled dehydration (RWC decreased from 100 to 0%) and supplemented with a quenching analysis revealed a polyphasic species-specific response of variable fluorescence. The changes in ChlF at a steady state (Fs), potential and effective quantum yields of photosystem II (FV/FM, ΦPSII), and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) reflected a desiccation-induced inhibition of the photosynthetic processes. The dehydration-dependent fall in FV/FM and ΦPSII was species-specific, starting at an RWC range of 22-32%. The critical RWC for ΦPSII was below 5%. The changes indicated the involvement of protective mechanisms in the chloroplastic apparatus of lichen photobionts at RWCs of below 20%. In both the wet and dry states, the spectral reflectance curves (SRC) (wavelength 400-800 nm) and indices (NDVI, PRI) of the studied lichen species were measured. Black Himantormia lugubris showed no difference in the SRCs between wet and dry state. Other lichens showed a higher reflectance in the dry state compared to the wet state. The lichen morphology and anatomy data, together with the ChlF and spectral reflectance data, are discussed in relation to its potential for ecophysiological studies in Antarctic lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A13/119, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.H.); (A.O.)
| | - Josef Hájek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A13/119, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.H.); (A.O.)
| | - Alla Orekhova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Building A13/119, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.H.); (A.O.)
| | - Johana Villagra
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Campus Luis Rivas del Canto, Catholic University of Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega #03694, 4780000 Temuco, Chile;
| | - Catalina Marín
- Laboratory of Mycology and Mycorrhiza, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Campus Concepción, Concepción University, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (C.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Götz Palfner
- Laboratory of Mycology and Mycorrhiza, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Campus Concepción, Concepción University, 4030000 Concepción, Chile; (C.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Angélica Casanova-Katny
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Campus Luis Rivas del Canto, Catholic University of Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega #03694, 4780000 Temuco, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-96-209-7709
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Androsiuk P, Chwedorzewska KJ, Dulska J, Milarska S, Giełwanowska I. Retrotransposon-based genetic diversity of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. from King George Island (Maritime Antarctic). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:648-663. [PMID: 33437458 PMCID: PMC7790655 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deschampsia antarctica Desv. can be found in diverse Antarctic habitats which may vary considerably in terms of environmental conditions and soil properties. As a result, the species is characterized by wide ecotypic variation in terms of both morphological and anatomical traits. The species is a unique example of an organism that can successfully colonize inhospitable regions due to its phenomenal ability to adapt to both the local mosaic of microhabitats and to general climatic fluctuations. For this reason, D. antarctica has been widely investigated in studies analyzing morphophysiological and biochemical responses to various abiotic stresses (frost, drought, salinity, increased UV radiation). However, there is little evidence to indicate whether the observed polymorphism is accompanied by the corresponding genetic variation. In the present study, retrotransposon-based iPBS markers were used to trace the genetic variation of D. antarctica collected in nine sites of the Arctowski oasis on King George Island (Western Antarctic). The genotyping of 165 individuals from nine populations with seven iPBS primers revealed 125 amplification products, 15 of which (12%) were polymorphic, with an average of 5.6% polymorphic fragments per population. Only one of the polymorphic fragments, observed in population 6, was represented as a private band. The analyzed specimens were characterized by low genetic diversity (uHe = 0.021, I = 0.030) and high population differentiation (F ST = 0.4874). An analysis of Fu's F S statistics and mismatch distribution in most populations (excluding population 2, 6 and 9) revealed demographic/spatial expansion, whereas significant traces of reduction in effective population size were found in three populations (1, 3 and 5). The iPBS markers revealed genetic polymorphism of D. antarctica, which could be attributed to the mobilization of random transposable elements, unique features of reproductive biology, and/or geographic location of the examined populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Androsiuk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and BiotechnologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | | | - Justyna Dulska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and BiotechnologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Sylwia Milarska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and BiotechnologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Irena Giełwanowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and BiotechnologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
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16
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Pavlov MS, Lira F, Martinez JL, Olivares-Pacheco J, Marshall SH. Pseudomonas fildesensis sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from Antarctic soil of King George Island, South Shetland Islands. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:3255-3263. [PMID: 32375985 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The strain KG01T was isolated from a soil sample from King George Island, Antarctica. Cells of KG01T are rod-shaped and motile by means of multiple polar flagella. The absence of arginine dihydrolase activity could be a key feature to readily distinguish KG01T from its closest phylogenetic relative species. The main fatty acids of the strain include summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C15 : 0 iso 2-OH), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω7c. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and on a multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, rpoB, rpoD, gyrB) were carried out. These analyses allowed us to include the strain within the Pseudomonas fluorescens group, presenting the highest similarity of multilocus sequence with Pseudomonas veronii LMG 17761T (96.67 %). The genome of KG01T was sequenced and in silico compared with genomes of the most closely related species of the P. fluorescens group. The average nucleotide identity (ANIb) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values of the species phylogenetically closest to KG01T were less than 95-96 %, threshold currently accepted to define strain as belonging to a bacterial species, the highest scores being those to Pseudomonas veronii LMG 17761T (87.98 %) and Pseudomonas marginalis ICMP 3553T (91.90 %). Therefore, the phenotypic and genotypic analyses results, allow us to propose that KG01T represents a member of a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas fildesensis is proposed, and KG01T (=CECT 9084T;=DSM 102036T) is established as the type strain .
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Pavlov
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Lira
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - José Luis Martinez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB, CSIC, Darwin 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Olivares-Pacheco
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R). Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sergio H Marshall
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
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17
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Soares J, Alves M, Dutra Ribeiro FN, Codato G. Meteorological and surface radiation data observed at the Brazilian Antarctic station on King George Island. Data Brief 2019; 25:104245. [PMID: 31497627 PMCID: PMC6718823 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The observational data described here was collected between 28 February 2011 and 30 November 2015. The data analysis and interpretation were published in the article "Surface radiation balance and weather conditions on a non-glaciated coastal area in the Antarctic region" [1]. An instrumented tower located on the non-glaciated coastal area of the of the Brazilian Antarctic Comandante Ferraz Station, at King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula was used. It was collected data of air temperature and relative humidity, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, incident and reflected shortwave radiation, longwave radiation emitted by atmosphere and by surface, and net radiation with a sampling frequency of 0.1 Hz. The data was stored as 5-min averages and automatically transmitted to the Air-Sea Interaction Laboratory, at the University of São Paulo, Brazil. The dataset is hosted in the Mendeley repository.
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18
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Absher TM, Ferreira SL, Kern Y, Ferreira AL, Christo SW, Ando RA. Incidence and identification of microfibers in ocean waters in Admiralty Bay, Antarctica. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:292-298. [PMID: 30392176 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antarctic pristine environment is threatened by the presence of microplastics that occur in a variety of shapes and sizes, from fibers to irregular fragments. The aim of this study is to assess the abundance, distribution, and the characterization of the microfibers in zooplankton samples found in ocean waters in Admiralty Bay, Antarctica. The samples were collected at five points in Admiralty Bay during the XXIX Brazilian Antarctic Expedition in the austral summer of 2010-2011. A total of 603 microfibers were collected in 60 samples, with an average abundance of 2.40 (± 4.57) microfibers 100 m-3. Microfiber size ranging from ca. 10 to 22 μm in diameter of various lengths and colors (blue, red, black, and clear) was collected and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Most of these microfibers were entangled in various different zooplankton species and were identified as polymers composed mostly by polyethyleneglycols, polyurethanes, polyethylene terephthalates, and polyamides. The presence of such microfibers may cause the loss of biodiversity in the Antarctic continent, and the results presented herein can contribute to a better understanding of the impact caused by them within the food chain and human health. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresinha Monteiro Absher
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira-Mar, s/n. Caixa Postal: 50.002, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, CEP 83255-971, Brazil.
| | - Silvio Luiz Ferreira
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira-Mar, s/n. Caixa Postal: 50.002, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, CEP 83255-971, Brazil
| | - Yargos Kern
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira-Mar, s/n. Caixa Postal: 50.002, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, CEP 83255-971, Brazil
| | - Augusto Luiz Ferreira
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira-Mar, s/n. Caixa Postal: 50.002, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, CEP 83255-971, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Geral-DEBIO, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa-UEPG, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, CEP 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Susete Wambier Christo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral-DEBIO, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa-UEPG, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, CEP 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Augusto Ando
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, São Paulo, B4T-CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Abstract
Antarctica, with its severe conditions, is poor in terrestrial fauna species. However, an increase in human presence together with climate change may cause an influx of non-native species. Here we report a significant increase in colonized area of one of the few known invasive species to date in Antarctica. Non-native flies of Trichocera maculipennis have been recently observed in the Admiralty Bay area on King George Island, South Shetlands Islands, West Antarctica, 10 years after its first record in Maritime Antarctica (Maxwell Bay, King George Island). Its rapid spread across the island, despite geographic barriers such as glaciers, indicates successful adaptation to local environmental conditions and suggests this species is invasive. The mode of life of T. maculipennis, observed in natural and anthropogenous habitat and in laboratory conditions, is reported. The following adaptations enabled its invasion and existence within the sewage system in Antarctic scientific stations: the ability to survive in complete darkness, male ability to mate on the substrate surface without prior swarming in flight, and adaptation of terrestrial larvae to survive in semi-liquid food. Possible routes of introduction to Antarctica and between two bays on King George Island are discussed, as well as further research leading to the containment and eradication of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Potocka
- Department of Antarctic Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Krzemińska
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Cabrita MT, Padeiro A, Amaro E, Dos Santos MC, Leppe M, Verkulich S, Hughes KA, Peter HU, Canário J. Evaluating trace element bioavailability and potential transfer into marine food chains using immobilised diatom model species Phaeodactylum tricornutum, on King George Island, Antarctica. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 121:192-200. [PMID: 28601436 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate trace element bioavailability and potential transfer into marine food chains in human impacted areas of the Fildes Peninsula (King George Island, South Shetland Islands Archipelago), element levels (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) were determined in water, sediments, phytoplankton, and in diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin (Bacillariophyceae) cells immobilised in alginate and exposed to water and sediments, from the Bellingshausen Dome (reference site) and Ardley Cove (human impacted area), during January 2014. High element concentrations in exposed P. tricornutum indicated element mobilisation from sediments into the water. Levels in exposed cells reflected the sediment element content pattern, comparable to those found in phytoplankton, supporting phytoplankton as an important path of trace element entry into marine food chains. This study clearly shows immobilised P. tricornutum as good proxy of phytoplankton concerning element accumulation efficiency, and an effective tool to monitor trace element contamination in polar coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Cabrita
- Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Av. de Brasília, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Padeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Amaro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Correia Dos Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Leppe
- INACH, Chilean Antarctic Institute, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sergey Verkulich
- Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kevin A Hughes
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB30ET, UK
| | | | - João Canário
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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21
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Husmann G, Philipp EER, Abele D. Seasonal proliferation rates and the capacity to express genes involved in cell cycling and maintenance in response to seasonal and experimental food shortage in Laternula elliptica from King George Island. Mar Environ Res 2016; 118:57-68. [PMID: 27180267 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Melting of coastal glaciers at the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) causes shorter winter sea ice duration, intensified ice scouring, sediment erosion and surface freshening in summer, which alters coastal productivity and feeding conditions for the benthos. The soft shell clam Laternula elliptica is a fast growing and abundant filter feeder in coastal Antarctica and a key element for bentho-pelagic carbon recycling. Our aim was to assess the cellular growth and maintenance capacity of small and large clams during natural winter food shortage (seasonal sampling) and in response to experimental starvation exposure. We measured tissue specific proliferation rates, the expression of cell cycling genes, and the iron binding protein Le-ferritin in freshly collected specimens in spring (Nov 2008) and at the end of summer (March 2009). For the experimental approach, we focused on 14 cell cycling and metabolic genes using the same animal size groups. Mantle tissue of young bivalves was the only tissue showing accelerated proliferation in summer (1.7% of cells dividing per day in March) compared to 0.4% dividing cells in animals collected in November. In mantle, siphon and adductor muscle proliferation rates were higher in younger compared to older individuals. At transcript level, Le-cyclin D was upregulated in digestive gland of older animals collected in spring (Nov) compared to March indicating initiation of cell proliferation. Likewise, during experimental starvation Le-cyclin D expression increased in large clam digestive gland, whereas Le-cyclin D and the autophagic factor beclin1 decreased in digestive gland of smaller starved clams. The paper corroborates earlier findings of size and age dependent differences in the metabolic response and gene expression patterns in L. elliptica under energetic deprivation. Age structure of shallow water populations can potentially change due to differences in cellular response between young and old animals as environmental stress levels increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Husmann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - E E R Philipp
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - D Abele
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.
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Montone RC, Taniguchi S, Colabuono FI, Martins CC, Cipro CVZ, Barroso HS, da Silva J, Bícego MC, Weber RR. Persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in penguins of the genus Pygoscelis in Admiralty Bay - An Antarctic specially managed area. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 106:377-82. [PMID: 26952994 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants were assessed in fat samples of the Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) and Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) penguins collected during the austral summers of 2005/06 and 2006/07 in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. The predominant organic pollutants were PCB (114 to 1115), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (60.1 to 238.7), HCB (<0.3 to 132.2) and BDE-47 (<1.0 to 10.7) in ng g(-1) wet weight. The mean concentrations of the majority of organic pollutants were similar among the three species of penguins. Chicks of all three species showed similar profiles of PCB congeners, with predominance of lower chlorinated compounds. The distribution of PAHs was similar in all birds, with a predominance of naphthalene and alkyl-naphthalene, which are the main constituents of arctic diesel fuel. These data contribute to the monitoring of the continued exposure to organic pollutants in the Antarctic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda C Montone
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda I Colabuono
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Caio Vinícius Z Cipro
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hileia S Barroso
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Josilene da Silva
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Bícego
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rolf R Weber
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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