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Marcos-Barbero EL, Pérez P, Martínez-Carrasco R, Arellano JB, Morcuende R. Screening for Higher Grain Yield and Biomass among Sixty Bread Wheat Genotypes Grown under Elevated CO 2 and High-Temperature Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10081596. [PMID: 34451641 PMCID: PMC8401911 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Global warming will inevitably affect crop development and productivity, increasing uncertainty regarding food production. The exploitation of genotypic variability can be a promising approach for selecting improved crop varieties that can counteract the adverse effects of future climate change. We investigated the natural variation in yield performance under combined elevated CO2 and high-temperature conditions in a set of 60 bread wheat genotypes (59 of the 8TH HTWSN CIMMYT collection and Gazul). Plant height, biomass production, yield components and phenological traits were assessed. Large variations in the selected traits were observed across genotypes. The CIMMYT genotypes showed higher biomass and grain yield when compared to Gazul, indicating that the former performed better than the latter under the studied environmental conditions. Principal component and hierarchical clustering analyses revealed that the 60 wheat genotypes employed different strategies to achieve final grain yield, highlighting that the genotypes that can preferentially increase grain and ear numbers per plant will display better yield responses under combined elevated levels of CO2 and temperature. This study demonstrates the success of the breeding programs under warmer temperatures and the plants' capacity to respond to the concurrence of certain environmental factors, opening new opportunities for the selection of widely adapted climate-resilient wheat genotypes.
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Vicente R, Bolger AM, Martínez-Carrasco R, Pérez P, Gutiérrez E, Usadel B, Morcuende R. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of Durum Wheat Flag Leaves Provides New Insights Into the Regulatory Response to Elevated CO 2 and High Temperature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1605. [PMID: 31921252 PMCID: PMC6915051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is becoming a significant problem for food security, particularly in the Mediterranean basin. The use of molecular techniques to study gene-level responses to environmental changes in non-model organisms is increasing and may help to improve the mechanistic understanding of durum wheat response to elevated CO2 and high temperature. With this purpose, we performed transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses combined with physiological and biochemical studies in the flag leaf of plants grown in field chambers at ear emergence. Enhanced photosynthesis by elevated CO2 was accompanied by an increase in biomass and starch and fructan content, and a decrease in N compounds, as chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and Rubisco content, in association with a decline of nitrate reductase and initial and total Rubisco activities. While high temperature led to a decline of chlorophyll, Rubisco activity, and protein content, the glucose content increased and starch decreased. Furthermore, elevated CO2 induced several genes involved in mitochondrial electron transport, a few genes for photosynthesis and fructan synthesis, and most of the genes involved in secondary metabolism and gibberellin and jasmonate metabolism, whereas those related to light harvesting, N assimilation, and other hormone pathways were repressed. High temperature repressed genes for C, energy, N, lipid, secondary, and hormone metabolisms. Under the combined increases in atmospheric CO2 and temperature, the transcript profile resembled that previously reported for high temperature, although elevated CO2 partly alleviated the downregulation of primary and secondary metabolism genes. The results suggest that there was a reprogramming of primary and secondary metabolism under the future climatic scenario, leading to coordinated regulation of C-N metabolism towards C-rich metabolites at elevated CO2 and a shift away from C-rich secondary metabolites at high temperature. Several candidate genes differentially expressed were identified, including protein kinases, receptor kinases, and transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Vicente
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Martínez-Carrasco
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Gutiérrez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Biology 1, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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Aranjuelo I, Erice G, Sanz-Sáez A, Abadie C, Gilard F, Gil-Quintana E, Avice JC, Staudinger C, Wienkoop S, Araus JL, Bourguignon J, Irigoyen JJ, Tcherkez G. Differential CO2 effect on primary carbon metabolism of flag leaves in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2780-94. [PMID: 26081746 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
C sink/source balance and N assimilation have been identified as target processes conditioning crop responsiveness to elevated CO2 . However, little is known about phenology-driven modifications of C and N primary metabolism at elevated CO2 in cereals such as wheat. Here, we examined the differential effect of elevated CO2 at two development stages (onset of flowering, onset of grain filling) in durum wheat (Triticum durum, var. Sula) using physiological measurements (photosynthesis, isotopes), metabolomics, proteomics and (15) N labelling. Our results show that growth at elevated CO2 was accompanied by photosynthetic acclimation through a lower internal (mesophyll) conductance but no significant effect on Rubisco content, maximal carboxylation or electron transfer. Growth at elevated CO2 altered photosynthate export and tended to accelerate leaf N remobilization, which was visible for several proteins and amino acids, as well as lysine degradation metabolism. However, grain biomass produced at elevated CO2 was larger and less N rich, suggesting that nitrogen use efficiency rather than photosynthesis is an important target for improvement, even in good CO2 -responsive cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Aranjuelo
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Gorka Erice
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Alvaro Sanz-Sáez
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Cyril Abadie
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Françoise Gilard
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Erena Gil-Quintana
- Dpto. Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra Campus de Arrosadía, Pamplona, 31006, Spain
| | - Jean-Christophe Avice
- Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions NCS, INRA, UMR INRA/UCBN, Institut de Biologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, 14032, France
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Jose L Araus
- Dpto de Biología Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Jacques Bourguignon
- Laboratoire Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale (PCV), CEA, iRTSV, Grenoble, 38054, France
- Réponse de la plante aux stress environnementaux et métaux lourds, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, 38041, France
| | - Juan J Irigoyen
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias yFarmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, 31008, Spain
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
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Jauregui I, Aroca R, Garnica M, Zamarreño ÁM, García-Mina JM, Serret MD, Parry M, Irigoyen JJ, Aranjuelo I. Nitrogen assimilation and transpiration: key processes conditioning responsiveness of wheat to elevated [CO2] and temperature. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:338-54. [PMID: 25958969 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although climate scenarios have predicted an increase in [CO(2)] and temperature conditions, to date few experiments have focused on the interaction of [CO(2)] and temperature effects in wheat development. Recent evidence suggests that photosynthetic acclimation is linked to the photorespiration and N assimilation inhibition of plants exposed to elevated CO(2). The main goal of this study was to analyze the effect of interacting [CO(2)] and temperature on leaf photorespiration, C/N metabolism and N transport in wheat plants exposed to elevated [CO(2)] and temperature conditions. For this purpose, wheat plants were exposed to elevated [CO(2)] (400 vs 700 µmol mol(-1)) and temperature (ambient vs ambient + 4°C) in CO(2) gradient greenhouses during the entire life cycle. Although at the agronomic level, elevated temperature had no effect on plant biomass, physiological analyses revealed that combined elevated [CO(2)] and temperature negatively affected photosynthetic performance. The limited energy levels resulting from the reduced respiratory and photorespiration rates of such plants were apparently inadequate to sustain nitrate reductase activity. Inhibited N assimilation was associated with a strong reduction in amino acid content, conditioned leaf soluble protein content and constrained leaf N status. Therefore, the plant response to elevated [CO(2)] and elevated temperature resulted in photosynthetic acclimation. The reduction in transpiration rates induced limitations in nutrient transport in leaves of plants exposed to elevated [CO(2)] and temperature, led to mineral depletion and therefore contributed to the inhibition of photosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Jauregui
- Dpto. Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192, Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María Garnica
- R&D Department, CIPAV-Timac Agro Roullier Group, Orcoyen, E-31160, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ángel M Zamarreño
- R&D Department, CIPAV-Timac Agro Roullier Group, Orcoyen, E-31160, Navarra, Spain
| | - José M García-Mina
- R&D Department, CIPAV-Timac Agro Roullier Group, Orcoyen, E-31160, Navarra, Spain
| | - Maria D Serret
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal. Facultat de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Parry
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Juan J Irigoyen
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Apdo. 644, Bilbao, E-48080, Bizkaia, Spain
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192-Mutilva Baja, Spain
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Thilakarathne CL, Tausz-Posch S, Cane K, Norton RM, Tausz M, Seneweera S. Intraspecific variation in growth and yield response to elevated CO 2 in wheat depends on the differences of leaf mass per unit area. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2013; 40:185-194. [PMID: 32481098 DOI: 10.1071/fp12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the underlying physiological mechanism of intraspecific variation in plant growth and yield response to elevated CO2 concentration [CO2], seven cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown at either ambient [CO2] (~384μmolmol-1) or elevated [CO2] (700μmolmol-1) in temperature controlled glasshouses. Grain yield increased under elevated [CO2] by an average of 38% across all seven cultivars, and this was correlated with increases in both spike number (productive tillers) (r=0.868) and aboveground biomass (r=0.942). Across all the cultivars, flag leaf photosynthesis rate (A) increased by an average of 57% at elevated [CO2]. The response of A to elevated [CO2] ranged from 31% (in cv. H45) to 75% (in cv. Silverstar). Only H45 showed A acclimation to elevated [CO2], which was characterised by lower maximum Rubisco carboxylation efficiency, maximum electron transport rate and leaf N concentration. Leaf level traits responsible for plant growth, such as leaf mass per unit area (LMA), carbon (C), N content on an area basis ([N]LA) and the C:N increased at elevated [CO2]. LMA stimulation ranged from 0% to 85% and was clearly associated with increased [N]LA. Both of these traits were positively correlated with grain yield, suggesting that differences in LMA play an important role in determining the grain yield response to elevated [CO2]. Thus increased LMA can be used as a new trait to select cultivars for a future [CO2]-rich atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamindathee L Thilakarathne
- Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Private Box 260, Horsham, Vic. 3400, Australia
| | - Sabine Tausz-Posch
- Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Private Box 260, Horsham, Vic. 3400, Australia
| | - Karen Cane
- Department of Primary Industries, Horsham, Vic. 3400, Australia
| | - Robert M Norton
- International Plant Nutrition Institute, Horsham, Vic. 3400, Australia
| | - Michael Tausz
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Vic. 3363, Australia
| | - Saman Seneweera
- Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Private Box 260, Horsham, Vic. 3400, Australia
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