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Tcherkez G, Ben Mariem S, Jauregui I, Larraya L, García-Mina JM, Zamarreño AM, Fangmeier A, Aranjuelo I. Differential effects of elevated CO 2 on awn and glume metabolism in durum wheat ( Triticum durum). Funct Plant Biol 2024; 51:FP23255. [PMID: 38388529 DOI: 10.1071/fp23255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
While the effect of CO2 enrichment on wheat (Triticum spp.) photosynthesis, nitrogen content or yield has been well-studied, the impact of elevated CO2 on metabolic pathways in organs other than leaves is poorly documented. In particular, glumes and awns, which may refix CO2 respired by developing grains and be naturally exposed to higher-than-ambient CO2 mole fraction, could show specific responses to elevated CO2 . Here, we took advantage of a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment and performed multilevel analyses, including metabolomics, ionomics, proteomics, major hormones and isotopes in Triticum durum . While in leaves, elevated CO2 tended to accelerate amino acid metabolism with many significantly affected metabolites, the effect on glumes and awns metabolites was modest. There was a lower content in compounds of the polyamine pathway (along with uracile and allantoin) under elevated CO2 , suggesting a change in secondary N metabolism. Also, cytokinin metabolism appeared to be significantly affected under elevated CO2 . Despite this, elevated CO2 did not affect the final composition of awn and glume organic matter, with the same content in carbon, nitrogen and other elements. We conclude that elevated CO2 mostly impacts on leaf metabolism but has little effect in awns and glumes, including their composition at maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; and Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA d'Angers, Université d'Angers, Structure Fédérative de Recherche QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé 49071, France
| | - Sinda Ben Mariem
- AgroBiotechnology Institute (IdAB), CSIC-Government of Navarre, Av. Pamplona 123, Mutilva 31006, Spain
| | - Iván Jauregui
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Luis Larraya
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona 31006, Spain
| | - Jose M García-Mina
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Biología y Química Agrícola (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), c/Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Angel M Zamarreño
- Universidad de Navarra, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia y Nutrición, Grupo de Biología y Química Agrícola (Departamento de Biología Ambiental), c/Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Ottilie-Zeller-Weg 3, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- AgroBiotechnology Institute (IdAB), CSIC-Government of Navarre, Av. Pamplona 123, Mutilva 31006, Spain
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Gimenez-Arnau A, Bartra J, Ferrer M, Jauregui I, Borbujo J, Figueras I, Muñoz-Bellido FJ, Pedraz J, Serra-Baldrich E, Tejedor-Alonso MA, Velasco M, Terradas P, Labrador M. A Specialized Therapeutic Approach to Chronic Urticaria Refractory to H1-Antihistamines Improves Disease Burden: The Spanish AWARE Experience. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2022; 32:191-199. [PMID: 33349612 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During its first year, the AWARE study assessed disease activity, patient quality of life (QOL), and treatment patterns in chronic urticaria (CU) refractory to H1-antihistamines (H1-AH) in clinical practice. METHODS We performed an observational, prospective (24 months), international, multicenter study. The inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years and H1-AH-refractory CU (>2 months). At each visit, patients completed questionnaires to assess disease burden (Urticaria Control Test [UCT]), disease activity (7 day-Urticaria Activity Score [UAS7]), and QOL (Dermatology Life Quality index [DLQI], Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire [CU-Q2oL], and Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire [AE-QoL]). We present data for Spain. RESULTS The study population comprised 270 evaluable patients (73.3% female, mean [SD] age, 48.9 [14.7] years). At baseline, 89.3% were prescribed a CU treatment. After 1 year, first- and second-line treatments became less frequent and third-line treatments became more frequent. At baseline, 47.0% of patients experienced angioedema; at 1 year, this percentage had fallen to 11.8%. The mean (SD) AE-QoL score decreased from 45.2 (28.7) to 24.0 (25.8). The mean (SD) UCT score decreased from 7.0 (4.5) to 12.1 (4.1). According to UAS7, 38.2% of patients reported absence of wheals and itch in the previous 7 days at 1 year compared with 8.3% at baseline. The mean (SD) DLQI score decreased from 8.0 (7.4) to 2.8 (4.6). At the 1-year visit, the percentage of patients reporting a high or very high impact on QOL fell from 29.9% to 9.6%. CONCLUSION H1-AH-refractory CU in Spain is characterized by absence of control of symptoms and a considerable impact on QOL. Continuous follow-up of CU patients and third-line therapies reduce disease burden and improve patients' QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Bartra
- Allergy Section, Pulmonology Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, ARADyAL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ferrer
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, ARADyAL, Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Jauregui
- Hospital Universitario Cruces, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - J Borbujo
- Hospital de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Figueras
- Hospital de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - J Pedraz
- Hospital Quirón, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - M Velasco
- Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - M Labrador
- Hospital Vall d'Hebron, ARADyAL, Barcelona, Spain
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Fakhet D, Morales F, Jauregui I, Erice G, Aparicio-Tejo PM, González-Murua C, Aroca R, Irigoyen JJ, Aranjuelo I. Short-Term Exposure to High Atmospheric Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) Severely Impacts Durum Wheat Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in the Absence of Edaphic Water Stress. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10010120. [PMID: 33435620 PMCID: PMC7827516 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low atmospheric relative humidity (RH) accompanied by elevated air temperature and decreased precipitation are environmental challenges that wheat production will face in future decades. These changes to the atmosphere are causing increases in air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and low soil water availability during certain periods of the wheat-growing season. The main objective of this study was to analyze the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional response of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism of wheat (Triticum durum cv. Sula) to increases in VPD and soil water stress conditions, either alone or in combination. Plants were first grown in well-watered conditions and near-ambient temperature and RH in temperature-gradient greenhouses until anthesis, and they were then subjected to two different water regimes well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS), i.e., watered at 50% of the control for one week, followed by two VPD levels (low, 1.01/0.36 KPa and high, 2.27/0.62 KPa; day/night) for five additional days. Both VPD and soil water content had an important impact on water status and the plant physiological apparatus. While high VPD and water stress-induced stomatal closure affected photosynthetic rates, in the case of plants watered at 50%, high VPD also caused a direct impairment of the RuBisCO large subunit, RuBisCO activase and the electron transport rate. Regarding N metabolism, the gene expression, nitrite reductase (NIR) and transport levels detected in young leaves, as well as determinations of the δ15N and amino acid profiles (arginine, leucine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, and serine) indicated activation of N metabolism and final transport of nitrate to leaves and photosynthesizing cells. On the other hand, under low VPD conditions, a positive effect was only observed on gene expression related to the final step of nitrate supply to photosynthesizing cells, whereas the amount of 15N supplied to the roots that reached the leaves decreased. Such an effect would suggest an impaired N remobilization from other organs to young leaves under water stress conditions and low VPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Fakhet
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (D.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (D.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Iván Jauregui
- Departamento Ciencias del Medio Natural, Campus de Arrosadía, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31192 Pamplona, Spain; (I.J.); (P.M.A.-T.)
| | - Gorka Erice
- Atens, Agrotecnologías Naturales S.L., La Riera de Gaia, 43762 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Pedro M. Aparicio-Tejo
- Departamento Ciencias del Medio Natural, Campus de Arrosadía, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31192 Pamplona, Spain; (I.J.); (P.M.A.-T.)
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Irigoyen
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated Unit to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza and ICVV, Logroño), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (D.F.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
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McAusland L, Vialet-Chabrand S, Jauregui I, Burridge A, Hubbart-Edwards S, Fryer MJ, King IP, King J, Pyke K, Edwards KJ, Carmo-Silva E, Lawson T, Murchie EH. Variation in key leaf photosynthetic traits across wheat wild relatives is accession dependent not species dependent. New Phytol 2020; 228:1767-1780. [PMID: 32910841 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The wild relatives of modern wheat represent an underutilized source of genetic and phenotypic diversity and are of interest in breeding owing to their wide adaptation to diverse environments. Leaf photosynthetic traits underpin the rate of production of biomass and yield and have not been systematically explored in the wheat relatives. This paper identifies and quantifies the phenotypic variation in photosynthetic, stomatal, and morphological traits in up to 88 wheat wild relative accessions across five genera. Both steady-state measurements and dynamic responses to step changes in light intensity are assessed. A 2.3-fold variation for flag leaf light and CO2 -saturated rates of photosynthesis Amax was observed. Many accessions showing higher and more variable Amax , maximum rates of carboxylation, electron transport, and Rubisco activity when compared with modern genotypes. Variation in dynamic traits was also significant; with distinct genus-specific trends in rates of induction of nonphotochemical quenching and rate of stomatal opening. We conclude that utilization of wild relatives for improvement of photosynthesis is supported by the existence of a high degree of natural variation in key traits and should consider not only genus-level properties but variation between individual accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna McAusland
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - Iván Jauregui
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | | | - Stella Hubbart-Edwards
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Michael J Fryer
- School of Life Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Ian P King
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Julie King
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kevin Pyke
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | | | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
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Gámez AL, Vicente R, Sanchez-Bragado R, Jauregui I, Morcuende R, Goicoechea N, Aranjuelo I. Differential Flag Leaf and Ear Photosynthetic Performance Under Elevated (CO 2) Conditions During Grain Filling Period in Durum Wheat. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:587958. [PMID: 33391300 PMCID: PMC7775369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.587958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of CO2 (CO2) in plants with C3 photosynthesis metabolism, such as wheat, stimulate photosynthetic rates. However, photosynthesis tends to decrease as a function of exposure to high (CO2) due to down-regulation of the photosynthetic machinery, and this phenomenon is defined as photosynthetic acclimation. Considerable efforts are currently done to determine the effect of photosynthetic tissues, such us spike, in grain filling. There is good evidence that the contribution of ears to grain filling may be important not only under good agronomic conditions but also under high (CO2). The main objective of this study was to compare photoassimilate production and energy metabolism between flag leaves and glumes as part of ears of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum cv. Amilcar) plants exposed to ambient [a(CO2)] and elevated [e(CO2)] (CO2) (400 and 700 μmol mol-1, respectively). Elevated CO2 had a differential effect on the responses of flag leaves and ears. The ears showed higher gross photosynthesis and respiration rates compared to the flag leaves. The higher ear carbohydrate content and respiration rates contribute to increase the grain dry mass. Our results support the concept that acclimation of photosynthesis to e(CO2) is driven by sugar accumulation, reduction in N concentrations and repression of genes related to photosynthesis, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and that these were more marked in glumes than leaves. Further, important differences are described on responsiveness of flag leaves and ears to e(CO2) on genes linked with carbon and nitrogen metabolism. These findings provide information about the impact of e(CO2) on ear development during the grain filling stage and are significant for understanding the effects of increasing (CO2) on crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie L. Gámez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnología Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rut Sanchez-Bragado
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida – AGROTECNIO Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Iván Jauregui
- Plant Genetics, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Rosa Morcuende
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nieves Goicoechea
- Departamento Biología Ambiental, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas, Facultad de Ciencias (Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza, e ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
- *Correspondence: Iker Aranjuelo,
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Jauregui I, Rothwell SA, Taylor SH, Parry MAJ, Carmo-Silva E, Dodd IC. Whole plant chamber to examine sensitivity of cereal gas exchange to changes in evaporative demand. Plant Methods 2018; 14:97. [PMID: 30410567 PMCID: PMC6211548 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving plant water use efficiency (WUE) is a major target for improving crop yield resilience to adverse climate change. Identifying genetic variation in WUE usually relies on instantaneous measurements of photosynthesis (An) and transpiration (Tr), or integrative measurements of carbon isotope discrimination, at the leaf level. However, leaf gas exchange measurements alone do not adequately represent whole plant responses, especially if evaporative demand around the plant changes. RESULTS Here we describe a whole plant gas exchange system that can rapidly alter evaporative demand when measuring An, Tr and intrinsic WUE (iWUE) and identify genetic variation in this response. An was not limited by VPD under steady-state conditions but some wheat cultivars restricted Tr under high evaporative demand, thereby improving iWUE. These changes may be ABA-dependent, since the barley ABA-deficient mutant (Az34) failed to restrict Tr under high evaporative demand. Despite higher Tr, Az34 showed lower An than wild-type (WT) barley because of limitations in Rubisco carboxylation activity. Tr and An of Az34 were more sensitive than WT barley to exogenous spraying with ABA, which restricted photosynthesis via substrate limitation and decreasing Rubisco activation. CONCLUSIONS Examining whole plant gas exchange responses to altered VPD can identify genetic variation in whole plant iWUE, and facilitate an understanding of the underlying mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Jauregui
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
- Present Address: Plant Genetics, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, 5030 Belgium
| | - Shane A. Rothwell
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Samuel H. Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Martin A. J. Parry
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
| | | | - Ian C. Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
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Izquierdo-Dominguez A, Jauregui I, Del Cuvillo A, Montoro J, Davila I, Sastre J, Bartra J, Ferrer M, Alobid I, Mullol J, Valero AL. Allergy rhinitis: similarities and differences between children and adults. Rhinology 2018. [PMID: 28887880 DOI: 10.4193/rhin17.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Although a number of studies have described AR, no studies compared children and adult AR populations. The objective was to compare the AR characteristics between two AR cohorts of children and adults. METHODS Two AR cohorts (children and adults) from Spain were studied through observational cross-sectional multicentre studies. AR was classified based on classical (allergen exposure), original (o-ARIA), and modified (m-ARIA) ARIA criteria. AR was evaluated by Total 4-Symptoms Score (T4SS), and disease severity by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0-100 mm). AR comorbidities were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 5,405 patients (1,275 children, 4,130 adults) were studied. According to symptoms duration, intermittent AR was more frequent in children than in adults. Using o-ARIA severity, more children than adults had moderate/severe AR while, using m-ARIA, more children than adults had severe AR. T4SS was higher in adults than in children. Moreover, VAS was also higher in adults than in children. In addition, asthma atopic dermatitis and conjunctivitis were more associated to children than adults with AR, the frequency of this comorbidities increasing according to higher severity. CONCLUSIONS AR in children was more intermittent, severe, with less symptoms but with more comorbidities than in adults. These results suggest AR has similarities but also significant differences between children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Izquierdo-Dominguez
- Servicio de Alergologia, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa and Clinica Diagonal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Jauregui
- Servicio de Alergologia, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Del Cuvillo
- Unidad de Rinitis y Asma, UGC ORL, Hospital de Jerez, Cadiz, Spain
| | - J Montoro
- Unidad de Alergia, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Davila
- Servicio de Inmuno-Alergia, Hospital Clinico, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J Sastre
- Servicio de Alergia, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Bartra
- Servicio de Neumologia y Alergia, Hospital Clinic i Universitari, Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Ferrer
- Departamento de Alergia, Clinica Universitaria Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Alobid
- Unitat de Rinologia i Clinica de l Olfacte, Servei d Otorinolaringologia, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica em Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Mullol
- Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Unitat de Rinologia i Clinica de l Olfacte, Servei d Otorinolaringologia, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias
| | - A L Valero
- Servicio de Neumologia y Alergia, Hospital Clinic i Universitari; Institut d Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Del Cuvillo A, Santos V, Montoro J, Bartra J, Davila I, Ferrer M, Jauregui I, Sastre J, Mullol J, Valero A. Allergic rhinitis severity can be assessed using a visual analogue scale in mild, moderate and severe. Rhinology 2017; 55:34-38. [PMID: 28019644 DOI: 10.4193/rhin16.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis is a global healthcare problem due to its high prevalence, impact on individuals and socioeconomic burden for the nations. Allergic rhinitis severity evaluation is the key to a correct treatment, prevention of comorbidities and improving the quality of life of patients. This evaluation should be made with a simple, easy, fast but accurate and reliable methodology, both in a primary care and specialist setting. The visual analogue scale (VAS) meets all requirements to be the ideal tool to assess allergic rhinitis severity and has already been validated by using a single cut-off point, but this classification in two degrees of severity suffer from not allocating the patients uniformly and from giving a blind interval to classify the patients when the score is between 5 to 6 cm. METHODOLOGY The main objective of our study is to describe the optimal cut-off points by using a VAS to discriminate between three degrees of allergic rhinitis severity (mild, moderate, and severe) following the ARIA modified severity criteria that has been previously validated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values just like receiver operating characteristic curves were used to select the best cut-off values. RESULTS In a cross-sectional multicentre study with 3,572 patients included we have found that VAS has a significant correlation with nasal symptom score and quality of life and that the best cut-off points to differentiate between mild, moderate an severe allergic rhinitis are a VAS score of 4 and 7, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Allergic rhinitis severity could be assessed in three degrees by using VAS in a simple, easy, and accurate method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Del Cuvillo
- Unidad de Rinologia y asma, UGC ORL Hospital de Jerez del Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Cadiz, Spain
| | - V Santos
- Fundacion para la gestion de la Investigacion Biomedica de Cadiz, Spain
| | - J Montoro
- Unidad de Alergia, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica de Valencia San Vicente Martir, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Bartra
- Unitat d Al.lergia, Servei de Pneumologia i Al.lergia Respiratoria, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Davila
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Ferrer
- Departamento de Alergologia e Inmunologia Clinica, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Jauregui
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J Sastre
- Servicio de Alergia, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Mullol
- Unitat de Rinologia i Clinica de l Olfacte, Servei dOtorinolaringologia, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Valero
- Unitat d Al.lergia, Servei de Pneumologia i Al.lergia Respiratoria, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
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Ferrer M, Bartra J, Giménez-Arnau A, Jauregui I, Labrador-Horrillo M, Ortiz de Frutos J, Silvestre JF, Sastre J, Velasco M, Valero A. Management of urticaria: not too complicated, not too simple. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:731-43. [PMID: 25429900 PMCID: PMC4403957 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In spite of being an old disease and apparently easy to diagnose, chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is still perceived as an uncontrollable and difficult to manage disease. The perception of the patient is that his/her condition is not well understood and that is suffering from a disorder with hidden causes that doctors are not able to tackle. Sometimes patients go through a number of clinicians until they found some CSU expert who is familiar with the disease. It is surprising that myths and believes with no scientific support still persist. Guidelines are not widely implemented, and recent tools to assess severity are infrequently used. European and American recent guidelines do not agree in several key points related to diagnosis and treatment, which further contributes to confusion. With the aim to clarify some aspects of the CSU picture, a group of allergists and dermatologists from the Spanish Dermatology and Allergy societies developed a Frequent Asked Questions leaflet that could facilitate physicians work in daily practice and contribute to a better knowledge of common clinical scenarios related to patients with CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferrer
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Jauregui I, Aroca R, Garnica M, Zamarreño ÁM, García-Mina JM, Serret MD, Parry M, Irigoyen JJ, Aranjuelo I. Nitrogen assimilation and transpiration: key processes conditioning responsiveness of wheat to elevated [CO2] and temperature. Physiol Plant 2015; 155:338-54. [PMID: 25958969 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although climate scenarios have predicted an increase in [CO(2)] and temperature conditions, to date few experiments have focused on the interaction of [CO(2)] and temperature effects in wheat development. Recent evidence suggests that photosynthetic acclimation is linked to the photorespiration and N assimilation inhibition of plants exposed to elevated CO(2). The main goal of this study was to analyze the effect of interacting [CO(2)] and temperature on leaf photorespiration, C/N metabolism and N transport in wheat plants exposed to elevated [CO(2)] and temperature conditions. For this purpose, wheat plants were exposed to elevated [CO(2)] (400 vs 700 µmol mol(-1)) and temperature (ambient vs ambient + 4°C) in CO(2) gradient greenhouses during the entire life cycle. Although at the agronomic level, elevated temperature had no effect on plant biomass, physiological analyses revealed that combined elevated [CO(2)] and temperature negatively affected photosynthetic performance. The limited energy levels resulting from the reduced respiratory and photorespiration rates of such plants were apparently inadequate to sustain nitrate reductase activity. Inhibited N assimilation was associated with a strong reduction in amino acid content, conditioned leaf soluble protein content and constrained leaf N status. Therefore, the plant response to elevated [CO(2)] and elevated temperature resulted in photosynthetic acclimation. The reduction in transpiration rates induced limitations in nutrient transport in leaves of plants exposed to elevated [CO(2)] and temperature, led to mineral depletion and therefore contributed to the inhibition of photosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Jauregui
- Dpto. Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192, Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María Garnica
- R&D Department, CIPAV-Timac Agro Roullier Group, Orcoyen, E-31160, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ángel M Zamarreño
- R&D Department, CIPAV-Timac Agro Roullier Group, Orcoyen, E-31160, Navarra, Spain
| | - José M García-Mina
- R&D Department, CIPAV-Timac Agro Roullier Group, Orcoyen, E-31160, Navarra, Spain
| | - Maria D Serret
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal. Facultat de Biologia, Universidad de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Parry
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Juan J Irigoyen
- Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño, Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Apdo. 644, Bilbao, E-48080, Bizkaia, Spain
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192-Mutilva Baja, Spain
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Jauregui I, Aparicio-Tejo PM, Avila C, Rueda-López M, Aranjuelo I. Root and shoot performance of Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to elevated CO2: A physiologic, metabolic and transcriptomic response. J Plant Physiol 2015; 189:65-76. [PMID: 26519814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The responsiveness of C3 plants to raised atmospheric [CO2] levels has been frequently described as constrained by photosynthetic downregulation. The main goal of the current study was to characterize the shoot-root relationship and its implications in plant responsiveness under elevated [CO2] conditions. For this purpose, Arabidopsis thaliana plants were exposed to elevated [CO2] (800ppm versus 400ppm [CO2]) and fertilized with a mixed (NH4NO3) nitrogen source. Plant growth, physiology, metabolite and transcriptomic characterizations were carried out at the root and shoot levels. Plant growth under elevated [CO2] conditions was doubled due to increased photosynthetic rates and gas exchange measurements revealed that these plants maintain higher photosynthetic rates over extended periods of time. This positive response of photosynthetic rates to elevated [CO2] was caused by the maintenance of leaf protein and Rubisco concentrations at control levels alongside enhanced energy efficiency. The increased levels of leaf carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids supported the augmented respiration rates of plants under elevated [CO2]. A transcriptomic analysis allowed the identification of photoassimilate allocation and remobilization as fundamental process used by the plants to maintain the outstanding photosynthetic performance. Moreover, based on the relationship between plant carbon status and hormone functioning, the transcriptomic analyses provided an explanation of why phenology accelerates under elevated [CO2] conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Jauregui
- Dpto Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192 Mutilva Baja, Spain; Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192 Mutilva Baja, Spain.
| | - Pedro M Aparicio-Tejo
- Dpto Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192 Mutilva Baja, Spain; Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192 Mutilva Baja, Spain
| | - Concepción Avila
- Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto Andaluz de Biología, Unidad Asociada UMA-CSIC, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Marina Rueda-López
- Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto Andaluz de Biología, Unidad Asociada UMA-CSIC, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192 Mutilva Baja, Spain; Dpto Biología Vegetal, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, E-48940 Leioa, Vizkaia, Spain
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Aranjuelo I, Sanz-Sáez Á, Jauregui I, Irigoyen JJ, Araus JL, Sánchez-Díaz M, Erice G. Harvest index, a parameter conditioning responsiveness of wheat plants to elevated CO2. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:1879-92. [PMID: 23564953 PMCID: PMC3638836 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of the world's population requires the development of high production agriculture. For this purpose, it is essential to identify target points conditioning crop responsiveness to predicted [CO2]. The aim of this study was to determine the relevance of ear sink strength in leaf protein and metabolomic profiles and its implications in photosynthetic activity and yield of durum wheat plants exposed to elevated [CO2]. For this purpose, a genotype with high harvest index (HI) (Triticum durum var. Sula) and another with low HI (Triticum durum var. Blanqueta) were exposed to elevated [CO2] (700 µmol mol(-1) versus 400 µmol mol(-1) CO2) in CO2 greenhouses. The obtained data highlighted that elevated [CO2] only increased plant growth in the genotype with the largest HI; Sula. Gas exchange analyses revealed that although exposure to 700 µmol mol(-1) depleted Rubisco content, Sula was capable of increasing the light-saturated rate of CO2 assimilation (Asat) whereas, in Blanqueta, the carbohydrate imbalance induced the down-regulation of Asat. The specific depletion of Rubisco in both genotypes under elevated [CO2], together with the enhancement of other proteins in the Calvin cycle, revealed that there was a redistribution of N from Rubisco towards RuBP regeneration. Moreover, the down-regulation of N, NO3 (-), amino acid, and organic acid content, together with the depletion of proteins involved in amino acid synthesis that was detected in Blanqueta grown at 700 µmol mol(-1) CO2, revealed that inhibition of N assimilation was involved in the carbohydrate imbalance and consequently with the down-regulation of photosynthesis and growth in these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31192-Mutilva Baja, Spain.
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Magallares A, Jauregui I, Gamiz N, Santed M. 595 - Subjetive well-being in eating disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(13)75868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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García-Avilés C, Sanz ML, Gamboa PM, Urrutia I, Antépara I, Jauregui I, De Weck AL. Antigen specific quantification of sulfidoleukotrienes in patients allergic to Betalactam antibiotics. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2005; 15:37-45. [PMID: 15864881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After in vitro allergen-specific stimulation, basophils become activated and release sulfidoleukotrienes LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4. This can be detected by means of the CAST assay. We assessed the positivity criteria and the reliability of antigen-specific sulfidoleukotriene production (CAST) in the in vitro diagnosis of betalactam (BL) allergic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied a sample of 67 patients (age 48.94 +/- 15.76 years) who had presented with anaphylaxis or urticaria-angioedema within the first 60 minutes after administration of Amoxicillin (54/67), Penicillin G (7/67), Cefuroxime (5/67) or Cefazoline (1/67). All of them had a positive skin test to at least one of the antigenic determinants of Penicillin. As control group 30 adults with negative skin tests who tolerated BL were included. All of them underwent skin tests, oral provocation tests, specific IgE (CAP-FEIA, Pharmacia) and CAST. RESULTS Positivity criteria were established by means of ROC curves: a sLT release induced by Betalactams of at least 100 pg/ml and greater than or equal to 3 times the basal value. The overall sensitivity of CAST is 47.7% and specificity 83.3%. Sensitivity of specific IgE is 37.8% and specificity 83.3%. CONCLUSIONS We have established validated positivity criteria for the CAST technique in patients allergic to Betalactams. This technique is a useful in vitro diagnostic method in patients with IgE-mediated allergy to Betalactam antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C García-Avilés
- Departamento de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Gamboa P, González G, Jauregui I, Jorró G, Molero I, Eseverri JL, González R, Luna I, Marcos C, Miró J, Pulido Z, Gracia T, Iriarte P, Carreño A, Navarro JA, Rocafort S, García-Robaina JC, Souto I, Casas R, Lleonart R, Nevot S, Asensio O, Bosque M, Blasco A, de la Torre F. A prospective and multicenter safety-monitoring study of a short up-dosing schedule of immunotherapy with a mass-units-standardized extract of mites. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2004; 32:13-7. [PMID: 14980190 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0546(04)79217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A prospective, multicenter pharmacovigilance study was carried out to evaluate the safety of a new 7-dose treatment schedule of subcutaneous immunotherapy as opposed to the conventional 13 doses normally recommended. The study was carried out in 14 centers and included 261 patients (children and adults) with respiratory allergic disease due to sensitization to mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and/or farinae). A total of 2290 doses were administered under the direct supervision of the participating specialists. One hundred and ten reactions in 63 patients (24.1%) were recorded, representing 4.8% of the total doses administered. Most of the reactions (98) were local. Only 12 were systemic (0.5% of the administered doses) and occurred in 10 patients (3.8% of the sample). Ten reactions reverted quickly with rescue medication. The maintenance dose had to be lowered in one patient and another patient was withdrawn from the study after suffering two asthmatic crises after two consecutive doses. In view of the results obtained, we can conclude that the new schedule shows an acceptable tolerance profile and does not present a greater risk of reactions than the conventional scheme of 13 doses using an identical extract. Moreover, the new schedule represents substantial savings in the number of doses and visits required to reach the maintenance dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gamboa
- Hospital de Basurto, Vizcaya, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Gamboa
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
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Manrique M, Jauregui I, Insausti A, Insausti R, Cervera-Paz FJ, Perez N, Vanaclocha V. Experimental study following inactive implantation of an auditory brain stem implant in nonhuman primates. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2000; 109:163-9. [PMID: 10685568 DOI: 10.1177/000348940010900210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report changes in the cochlear nuclei (CNs) after 3 months of bilateral auditory deafferentation and simultaneous unilateral implantation of a dummy auditory brain stem implant (ABI) in 6 nonhuman primates (Macaca fascicularis). These specimens were compared to CNs of 9 controls and 7 bilaterally deafferented animals without implantation. The ABI array consists of 3 platinum electrodes mounted on a silicone pad with the back side covered with Dacron. No migration of the ABI was observed. All deafferented animals showed astrocytic reorganization in the CNs. Histologic changes consisted of superficial reactions around the implant, with formation of fibrillar bundles of fusiform cells, and the presence of giant cells close to the Dacron. Other findings were related to surgical trauma. The dummy ABI did not itself provoke serious adverse reactions in the CNs. Our observations support the possibility of ABI reimplantation surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manrique
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Pamplona, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martinez Odrizola
- Department of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Gamboa
- Seccíon de Alergia, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
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21
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Santamaría M, Jauregui I, Urtasun F, Bertol A. Fine needle aspiration biopsy in urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis. Acta Cytol 1995; 39:443-8. [PMID: 7762330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ten of 73 kidney neoplasms (14%) collected from the files of the Hospital de Navarra over a five-year period were urothelial carcinomas of the renal pelvis (UCRP). In 54 of 73 kidney neoplasms fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed. In seven cases a cytologic diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma was made. The majority of patients presented with pain and hematuria of short duration. In three cases a renal mass was detected by roentgenography. A filling defect in the collector system, with no conclusive roentgenographic diagnosis, was observed in the remaining cases. Computed tomography-guided FNAB was performed in all cases. Voided urine was collected for microscopic study in six cases. The cytologic pattern of all cases was similar to that of bladder urothelial carcinoma. This feature was particularly frequent in well-differentiated papillary carcinomas. The differential diagnosis with other kidney lesions based on cytologic findings was established. FNAB is useful not only in the preoperative diagnosis of UCRP but also in follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Santamaría
- Department of Pathology, Navarra Hospital, Pamplona, Spain
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Antépara I, Fernández JC, Gamboa P, Jauregui I, Miguel F. Pollen allergy in the Bilbao area (European Atlantic seaboard climate): pollination forecasting methods. Clin Exp Allergy 1995; 25:133-40. [PMID: 7750005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting pollination can help the allergist to establish the appropriate treatment and advice for patients. Based on previous studies, we have related the climate variables with the grass pollen counts in the search for pollination predictors. By relating the meteorological data of the temperature recorded every 6 h and of the rainfall in hourly periods, together with the daily pollen counts obtained by the Hirst volumetric system, over a period of 3 years, we have tried to predict the start, duration and severity of the grass pollination, as well as the days of peak pollination. We have established a relationship by means of a polynomic regression originating from the mean cumulated temperature higher than 9 degrees C [R2 = 0.927 (P = 0.0001)], with the pollination season starting from 300 degrees C and the maximum peak at 356 degrees C, in the 3 years of the study. During the days of pollination, peaks higher than 50 grains/m3 coincide with average daily temperatures of 18.7 +/- 3 and lower than 50 grains/m3 with temperatures of 16.8 +/- 3 (significant to 95%). The duration of the pollination is influenced by the cumulated average temperatures (from 800 to 900 degrees C) and especially by precipitation at the start of and during pollination. In order to forecast grass pollination, the cumulated average temperatures are useful, starting from a basal (9 degrees C), pollination begins when this sum is greater than 300 degrees C, whereas when 800 degrees C is reached and depending on the rainfall during the season, pollination will end.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- I Antépara
- Allergy Unit, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
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