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Encinas‐Valero M, Esteban R, Hereş A, Vivas M, Fakhet D, Aranjuelo I, Solla A, Moreno G, Curiel Yuste J. Holm oak decline is determined by shifts in fine root phenotypic plasticity in response to belowground stress. New Phytol 2022; 235:2237-2251. [PMID: 35491749 PMCID: PMC9541754 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and pathogen outbreaks are the two major causes of decline in Mediterranean holm oak trees (Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.). Crown-level changes in response to these stressful conditions have been widely documented but the responses of the root systems remain unexplored. The effects of environmental stress over roots and its potential role during the declining process need to be evaluated. We aimed to study how key morphological and architectural root parameters and nonstructural carbohydrates of roots are affected along a holm oak health gradient (i.e. within healthy, susceptible and declining trees). Holm oaks with different health statuses had different soil resource-uptake strategies. While healthy and susceptible trees showed a conservative resource-uptake strategy independently of soil nutrient availability, declining trees optimized soil resource acquisition by increasing the phenotypic plasticity of their fine root system. This increase in fine root phenotypic plasticity in declining holm oaks represents an energy-consuming strategy promoted to cope with the stress and at the expense of foliage maintenance. Our study describes a potential feedback loop resulting from strong unprecedented belowground stress that ultimately may lead to poor adaptation and tree death in the Spanish dehesa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Encinas‐Valero
- BC3‐Basque Centre for Climate ChangeScientific Campus of the University of the Basque CountryB/Sarriena s/n48940LeioaBizkaiaSpain
| | - Raquel Esteban
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyUniversity of Basque Country (UPV/EHU)B/Sarriena s/n48940LeioaBizkaiaSpain
| | - Ana‐Maria Hereş
- BC3‐Basque Centre for Climate ChangeScientific Campus of the University of the Basque CountryB/Sarriena s/n48940LeioaBizkaiaSpain
- Department of Forest SciencesTransilvania University of BraşovSirul Beethoven‐1500123BraşovRomania
| | - María Vivas
- Faculty of ForestryInstitute for Dehesa Research (INDEHESA)Universidad de ExtremaduraAvenida Virgen del Puerto 210600PlasenciaCáceresSpain
| | - Dorra Fakhet
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)‐Gobierno de NavarraAvenida Pamplona 12331192MutilvaSpain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)‐Gobierno de NavarraAvenida Pamplona 12331192MutilvaSpain
| | - Alejandro Solla
- Faculty of ForestryInstitute for Dehesa Research (INDEHESA)Universidad de ExtremaduraAvenida Virgen del Puerto 210600PlasenciaCáceresSpain
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- Faculty of ForestryInstitute for Dehesa Research (INDEHESA)Universidad de ExtremaduraAvenida Virgen del Puerto 210600PlasenciaCáceresSpain
| | - Jorge Curiel Yuste
- BC3‐Basque Centre for Climate ChangeScientific Campus of the University of the Basque CountryB/Sarriena s/n48940LeioaBizkaiaSpain
- IKERBASQUE – Basque Foundation for SciencePlaza Euskadi 5E‐48009BilbaoBizkaiaSpain
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Fakhet D, Morales F, Jauregui I, Erice G, Aparicio-Tejo PM, González-Murua C, Aroca R, Irigoyen JJ, Aranjuelo I. Short-Term Exposure to High Atmospheric Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) Severely Impacts Durum Wheat Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in the Absence of Edaphic Water Stress. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10010120. [PMID: 33435620 PMCID: PMC7827516 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low atmospheric relative humidity (RH) accompanied by elevated air temperature and decreased precipitation are environmental challenges that wheat production will face in future decades. These changes to the atmosphere are causing increases in air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and low soil water availability during certain periods of the wheat-growing season. The main objective of this study was to analyze the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional response of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism of wheat (Triticum durum cv. Sula) to increases in VPD and soil water stress conditions, either alone or in combination. Plants were first grown in well-watered conditions and near-ambient temperature and RH in temperature-gradient greenhouses until anthesis, and they were then subjected to two different water regimes well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS), i.e., watered at 50% of the control for one week, followed by two VPD levels (low, 1.01/0.36 KPa and high, 2.27/0.62 KPa; day/night) for five additional days. Both VPD and soil water content had an important impact on water status and the plant physiological apparatus. While high VPD and water stress-induced stomatal closure affected photosynthetic rates, in the case of plants watered at 50%, high VPD also caused a direct impairment of the RuBisCO large subunit, RuBisCO activase and the electron transport rate. Regarding N metabolism, the gene expression, nitrite reductase (NIR) and transport levels detected in young leaves, as well as determinations of the δ15N and amino acid profiles (arginine, leucine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, and serine) indicated activation of N metabolism and final transport of nitrate to leaves and photosynthesizing cells. On the other hand, under low VPD conditions, a positive effect was only observed on gene expression related to the final step of nitrate supply to photosynthesizing cells, whereas the amount of 15N supplied to the roots that reached the leaves decreased. Such an effect would suggest an impaired N remobilization from other organs to young leaves under water stress conditions and low VPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Fakhet
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (D.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (D.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Iván Jauregui
- Departamento Ciencias del Medio Natural, Campus de Arrosadía, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31192 Pamplona, Spain; (I.J.); (P.M.A.-T.)
| | - Gorka Erice
- Atens, Agrotecnologías Naturales S.L., La Riera de Gaia, 43762 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Pedro M. Aparicio-Tejo
- Departamento Ciencias del Medio Natural, Campus de Arrosadía, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31192 Pamplona, Spain; (I.J.); (P.M.A.-T.)
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Irigoyen
- Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated Unit to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza and ICVV, Logroño), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (D.F.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Morales F, Ancín M, Fakhet D, González-Torralba J, Gámez AL, Seminario A, Soba D, Ben Mariem S, Garriga M, Aranjuelo I. Photosynthetic Metabolism under Stressful Growth Conditions as a Bases for Crop Breeding and Yield Improvement. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E88. [PMID: 31936732 PMCID: PMC7020424 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased periods of water shortage and higher temperatures, together with a reduction in nutrient availability, have been proposed as major factors that negatively impact plant development. Photosynthetic CO2 assimilation is the basis of crop production for animal and human food, and for this reason, it has been selected as a primary target for crop phenotyping/breeding studies. Within this context, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the response and acclimation of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation to multiple changing environmental conditions (including nutrients, water availability, and rising temperature) is a matter of great concern for the understanding of plant behavior under stress conditions, and for the development of new strategies and tools for enhancing plant growth in the future. The current review aims to analyze, from a multi-perspective approach (ranging across breeding, gas exchange, genomics, etc.) the impact of changing environmental conditions on the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and, consequently, plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
- Dpto. Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), CSIC, Apdo. 13034, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Ancín
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Dorra Fakhet
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Jon González-Torralba
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Applied Biology, Dpto. Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadia, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Angie L. Gámez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Amaia Seminario
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - David Soba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Sinda Ben Mariem
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
| | - Miguel Garriga
- Centro de Mejoramiento Genético y Fenómica Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Av. Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain; (F.M.); (M.A.); (D.F.); (A.L.G.); (A.S.); (D.S.); (S.B.M.)
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