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Establishment and identification of primary bovine omasal epithelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:495-499. [PMID: 32839903 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The establishment and culture of bovine omasal epithelial cells (BOECs) in vitro is a valuable tool for the study of the physiological function, nutrient absorption, and transport mechanisms of the omasum in dairy cows. This paper proposes a method for the culture of primary BOECs. Trypsin digestion was used to subculture the BOECs, which were passaged for 20 generations in vitro, and showed typical epithelial-like characteristics and a cobblestone morphology. The primary BOECs had a fast growth phase (between days 4 and 5) and were validated by their slight β-galactosidase and visible cytokerat in 18 expression. In addition, RT-PCR results demonstrated that the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), Na+/H+exchanger 1 (NHE1), and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) were expressed in the isolated primary BOECs. In conclusion, this primary BOEC isolation and culture model is a promising method for the study of nutrient absorption and regulation, as well as the immune regulation of epithelial cell transport in vitro.
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Zhao C, Bobe G, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Zhang S, Sun G, Yuan X, Li X, Liu G. Potential Role of SLC5A8 Expression in the Etiology of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:394. [PMID: 32850999 PMCID: PMC7406710 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumen fluid of cows with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) has high concentrations of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). However, the mechanism of SCFA accumulation is unknown. The solute-linked carrier 5a8 (SLC5A8) plays a key role in the transportation and absorption of SCFA in the intestinal epithelium. The objective of the current study was to investigate (1) SLC5A8 gene and protein expression in various parts of the bovine gastrointestinal tract, (2) the effect of SCFA on SLC5A8 expression in rumen epithelial cells, and (3) SLC5A8 gene and protein expression in SARA and healthy cows. A total of 10 dairy cows, 84 ± 26 days in milk and in their second to fourth parity were allocated to control (n = 5) and SARA groups (n = 5). Three cows from the control group and three calves (1-day-old, female, 45–50 kg, healthy, fasting) were chosen to collect a total of 10 sections of digestive tract, from rumen to rectum, and then bovine ruminal epithelial cells were isolated from the three calves. Gene and protein expression of SLC5A8 was detected in all tested regions of the gastrointestinal tract in calves and adult cows by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR and were both highest in the rumen. Gene and protein expression of SLC5A8 was more than 50% lower in the rumen epithelium of SARA vs. control cows and was partly restored after therapy of SARA cows. Compared with SCFA concentrations typical for control cows (60 mM acetate, 30 mM propionate, and 20 mM butyrate), gene and protein expression of SLC5A8 in rumen epithelium was lower at elevated SCFA concentrations typical for SARA cows (90 mM acetate, 40 mM propionate, and 30 mM butyrate), specifically for elevated concentrations of propionate or butyrate in contrast to elevated concentrations of acetate increased gene and protein expression of SLC5A8 in rumen epithelium. In conclusion, the elevated concentrations of propionate and butyrate inhibit ruminal absorption of SCFA via downregulation of SLC5A8 in SARA cows; the expression of SLC5A8 plays an important role in the etiology of SARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoquan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia National University, Tongliao, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia National University, Tongliao, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Rabbani I, Rehman H, Martens H, Majeed KA, Yousaf MS, Rehman ZU. Carbonic anhydrase influences asymmetric sodium and acetate transport across omasum of sheep. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:880-885. [PMID: 32810932 PMCID: PMC8100476 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Omasum is an important site for the absorption of short chain fatty acids. The major route for the transport of acetate is via sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE). However, a discrepancy in the symmetry of sodium and acetate transport has been previously reported, the mechanism of which is unclear. In this study, we investigated the possible role of carbonic anhydrase (CA) for this asymmetry. Methods Omasal tissues were isolated from healthy sheep (N = 3) and divided into four groups; pH 7.4 and 6.4 alone and in combination with Ethoxzolamide. Electrophysiological measurements were made using Ussing chamber and the electrical measurements were made using computer controlled voltage clamp apparatus. Effect(s) of CA inhibitor on acetate and sodium transport flux rate of Na22 and 14C-acetate was measured in three different flux time periods. Data were presented as mean±standard deviation and level of significance was ascertained at p≤0.05. Results Mucosal to serosal flux of Na (JmsNa) was greater than mucosal to serosal flux of acetate (JmsAc) when the pH was decreased from 7.4 to 6.4. However, the addition of CA inhibitor almost completely abolished this discrepancy (JmsNa ≈ JmsAc). Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that the additional protons required to drive the NHE were provided by the CA enzyme in the isolated omasal epithelium. The findings of this study also suggest that the functions of CA may be exploited for better absorption in omasum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Rabbani
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Habib Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Holger Martens
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Khalid Abdul Majeed
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
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Górka P, Sliwinski B, Flaga J, Olszewski J, Wojciechowski M, Krupa K, Godlewski MM, Zabielski R, Kowalski ZM. Effect of exogenous butyrate on the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. I. Structure and function of the rumen, omasum, and abomasum. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:5311-5324. [PMID: 30295810 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous butyrate on the structure and selected functions of the stomach in sheep. Eighteen rams (30.8 ± 2.1 kg; 12 to 15 mo of age) were allocated to the study and fed a diet for 14 d without (CTRL) or with sodium butyrate (BUT; 36 g/kg of offered DM). Neither DMI nor initial BW differed between treatments (P ≥ 0.61), but final BW was greater for BUT compared with CTRL (P = 0.03). Butyrate concentration in the reticuloruminal fluid and abomasal digesta was greater for BUT compared with CTRL (P ≤ 0.01), but total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration, as well as concentration of other SCFA, did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.07). Relative to BW, reticuloruminal tissue mass tended (P = 0.09) to be greater and omasal digesta was less (P = 0.02) for BUT compared with CTRL. Dietary butyrate did not affect ruminal papillae length, width, and density nor did it affect ruminal epithelium thickness (P ≥ 0.12) in the ventral sac of the rumen. However, the DM of ruminal epithelium (mg/cm2) tended (P = 0.06) to be greater for BUT compared with CTRL. Omasal and abomasal epithelium thicknesses were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for BUT compared with CTRL. Mitosis-to-apoptosis ratio in the abomasal epithelium was less for BUT compared with CTRL (P = 0.04). Finally, the mRNA expression of peptide transporter 1 in the omasal epithelium was less (P = 0.02) and mRNA expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 in the abomasal epithelium tended (P = 0.07) to be greater for BUT compared with CTRL. It can be concluded that exogenous butyrate supplementation affected not only the rumen but also omasum and abomasum in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Górka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Sliwinski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska, Balice, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Flaga
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Olszewski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marcin Wojciechowski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Krupa
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal M Godlewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Romuald Zabielski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Zygmunt M Kowalski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza, Krakow, Poland
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Xu Q, Liu H, Zhao F, Wu Y, Huang X, Liu Z, Liu J. Mechanism of peptide absorption in the isolated forestomach epithelial cells of dairy cows. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:100-108. [PMID: 29797328 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptide absorption from the forestomach plays a vital role in protein nutrition of dairy cows. This study was conducted to investigate the mechanism of dipeptide absorption in the forestomach of dairy cows using isolated omasal epithelial cells (OECs) and ruminal epithelial cells (RECs). RESULTS Compared with RECs, the OECs formed a less tight monolayer, but had greater ability to transport glycylsarcosine (Gly-Sar) (P < 0.05). The OEC monolayers were immunopositive for the antibodies of anti-junction proteins. Gly-Sar transport was significantly greater at 37 °C than that at 4 °C, with an optimal pH of 6.0-6.5, and was decreased significantly by diethylpyrocarbonate and dipeptide Met-Gly (P < 0.05). The apical-to-basolateral transport was significantly greater than basolateral-to-apical transport (P < 0.05). Knockdown of peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) resulted in less Gly-Sar uptake in OECs, whereas overexpression of PepT1 in OECs resulted in higher Gly-Sar uptake (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of PepT1 was upregulated by the treatment with various dipeptides (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The OECs have a greater ability to transport Gly-Sar than RECs do. Both passive and active routes are involved in the process of Gly-Sar absorption in the isolated cultured forestomach epithelial cells from dairy cows. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbiao Xu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqi Zhao
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Lactation and Metabolic Physiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Yueming Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinbei Huang
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhixuan Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Rackwitz R, Gäbel G. Permeation of acetate across sheep ruminal epithelium is partly mediated by an anion channel. Res Vet Sci 2018; 117:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Caushi D, Martens H. Absorption of bicarbonate in sheep omasum. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:324-330. [PMID: 29601970 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Transport of bicarbonate across the isolated epithelium of sheep omasum was studied in vitro in Ussing chambers in combination with the pH-Stat method. The transport of HCO3- occurred in both directions, but Jms HCO3- was significant larger than Jsm. Reducing the activity of the apical Na/H exchanger by a low mucosal Na concentration caused a significant reduction of Jms HCO3-. Mucosal amiloride or short chain fatty acids (25 mmol l-1 SCFA) numerically decreased Jms HCO3-, but their combination (amiloride + SCFA) caused a significant reduction, which was also observed after addition of the carboanhydrase inhibitor ethoxyzolamide. Concentrations of 5 or 15 mmol·l-1 mucosal ammonia did not change transport rates. The obtained results indicate the importance of an undisturbed cytosolic pH for transcellular HCO3- transport, which is probably mediated by an anion exchanger in both the apical and basolateral membranes. Possible impairment of HCO3- transport appears to be an overlooked factor in the pathogenesis of displacement of the abomasum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driton Caushi
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Holger Martens
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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Stumpff F. A look at the smelly side of physiology: transport of short chain fatty acids. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:571-598. [PMID: 29305650 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fermentative organs such as the caecum, the colon, and the rumen have evolved to produce and absorb energy rich short chain fatty acids (SCFA) from otherwise indigestible substrates. Classical models postulate diffusional uptake of the undissociated acid (HSCFA). However, in net terms, a major part of SCFA absorption occurs with uptake of Na+ and resembles classical, coupled electroneutral NaCl transport. Considerable evidence suggests that the anion transporting proteins expressed by epithelia of fermentative organs are poorly selective and that their main function may be to transport acetate-, propionate-, butyrate- and HCO3- as the physiologically relevant anions. Apical uptake of SCFA thus involves non-saturable diffusion of the undissociated acid (HSCFA), SCFA-/HCO3- exchange via DRA (SLC26A3) and/or SCFA--H+ symport (MCT1, SLC16A1). All mechanisms lead to cytosolic acidification with stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange via NHE (SLC9A2/3). Basolaterally, Na+ leaves via the Na+/K+-ATPase with recirculation of K+. Na+ efflux drives the transport of SCFA- anions through volume-regulated anion channels, such as maxi-anion channels (possibly SLCO2A1), LRRC8, anoctamins, or uncoupled exchangers. When luminal buffering is inadequate, basolateral efflux will increasingly involve SCFA-/ HCO3- exchange (AE1/2, SCL4A1/2), or efflux of SCFA- with H+ (MCT1/4, SLC16A1/3). Furthermore, protons can be basolaterally removed by NHE1 (SCL9A1) or NBCe1 (SLC4A4). The purpose of these transport proteins is to maximize the amount of SCFA transported from the tightly buffered ingesta while minimizing acid transport through the epithelium. As known from the rumen for many decades, a disturbance of these processes is likely to cause severe colonic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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Lu Z, Yao L, Jiang Z, Aschenbach JR, Martens H, Shen Z. Acidic pH and short-chain fatty acids activate Na+ transport but differentially modulate expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoforms 1, 2, and 3 in omasal epithelium. J Dairy Sci 2015; 99:733-45. [PMID: 26547645 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Low sodium content in feed and large amounts of salivary sodium secretion are essential requirements to efficient sodium reabsorption in the dairy cow. It is already known that Na(+)/H(+) exchange (NHE) of the ruminal epithelium plays a key role in Na(+) absorption, and its function is influenced by the presence of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and mucosal pH. By contrast, the functional role and regulation of NHE in omasal epithelium have not been completely understood. In the present study, we used model studies in small ruminants (sheep and goats) to investigate NHE-mediated Na(+) transport and the effects of pH and SCFA on NHE activity in omasal epithelium and on the expression of NHE isoform in omasal epithelial cells. Conventional Ussing chamber technique, primary cell culture, quantitative PCR, and Western blot were used. In native omasal epithelium of sheep, the Na(+) transport was electroneutral, and it was inhibited by the specific NHE3 inhibitor 3-[2-(3-guanidino-2-methyl-3-oxo-propenyl)-5-methyl-phenyl]-N-isopropylidene-2-methyl-acrylamide dihydrochloride, which decreased mucosal-to-serosal, serosal-to-mucosal, and net flux rates of Na(+) by 80% each. The application of low mucosal pH (6.4 or 5.8) in the presence of SCFA activated the Na(+) transport across omasal epithelium of sheep compared with that at pH 7.4. In cultured omasal epithelial cells of goats, mRNA and protein of NHE1, NHE2, and NHE3 were detected. The application of SCFA increased NHE1 mRNA and protein expression, which was most prominent when the culture medium pH decreased from 7.4 to 6.8. At variance, the mRNA and protein expression of NHE2 and NHE3 were decreased with low pH and SCFA, which was contrary to the published data from ruminal epithelial studies. In conclusion, this paper shows that (1) NHE1, NHE2, and NHE3 are expressed in omasal epithelium; (2) NHE3 mediates the major portion of transepithelial Na(+) transport in omasal epithelium; and (3) SCFA and acidic pH acutely activate Na(+) transport but suppress the expression of NHE2 and NHE3 in the longer term. By contrast, the expression of NHE1 is increased by SCFA and acidic pH, indicating a prominent role for NHE1 in the regulation of intracellular pH of omasal epithelium. Our results suggest a regulatable Na(+) absorption in ruminal and omasal epithelium. It is of benefit for intracellular pH homeostasis and highly relevant to dairy cows fed on high-concentrate diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Free University of Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Yao
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhengqian Jiang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Free University of Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Martens
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Free University of Berlin, D-14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zanming Shen
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Werner Omazic A, Kronqvist C, Zhongyan L, Martens H, Holtenius K. The fate of glycerol entering the rumen of dairy cows and sheep. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:258-64. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Werner Omazic
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - C. Kronqvist
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - L. Zhongyan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology; Free University of Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - H. Martens
- Department of Veterinary Physiology; Free University of Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - K. Holtenius
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
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Liu JH, Xu TT, Zhu WY, Mao SY. A high-grain diet alters the omasal epithelial structure and expression of tight junction proteins in a goat model. Vet J 2014; 201:95-100. [PMID: 24906500 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The omasal epithelial barrier plays important roles in maintaining nutrient absorption and immune homeostasis in ruminants. However, little information is currently available about the changes in omasal epithelial barrier function at the structural and molecular levels during feeding of a high-grain (HG) diet. Ten male goats were randomly assigned to two groups, fed either a hay diet (0% grain; n = 5) or HG diet (65% grain; n = 5). Changes in omasal epithelial structure and expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins were determined via electron microscopy and Western blot analysis. After 7 weeks on each diet, omasal contents in the HG group showed significantly lower pH (P <0.001) and significantly higher concentrations of free lipopolysaccharides (LPS; P = 0.001) than the hay group. The goats fed a HG diet showed profound alterations in omasal epithelial structure and TJ proteins, corresponding to depression of thickness of total epithelia, stratum granulosum, and the sum of the stratum spinosum and stratum basale, marked epithelial cellular damage, erosion of intercellular junctions and down-regulation in expression of the TJ proteins, claudin-4 and occludin. The study demonstrates that feeding a HG diet is associated with omasal epithelial cellular damage and changes in expression of TJ proteins. These research findings provide an insight into the possible significance of diet on the omasal epithelial barrier in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hua Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Yun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng-Yong Mao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Establishment and characterization of an omasal epithelial cell model derived from dairy calves for the study of small peptide absorption. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88993. [PMID: 24633419 PMCID: PMC3954554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to establish a primary culture of omasal epithelial cells (OECs) derived from dairy calves and to characterize its function in small peptide absorption. Bovine omasal tissues were obtained from newborn Chinese Holstein calves and digested with a 2.5% trypsin solution to obtain OECs. The isolated cells were later cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 5 μg/ml insulin, 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 50 μg/ml gentamycin and 2.5 μg/ml amphotericin B. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of omasal tissue after digestion indicated that the cultured cells originated from the epithelial strata. Pure epithelial cells displayed an epithelial cell-like morphology, similar to cobblestone, with few visible fibroblasts and were cytokeratin 18-positive according to immunocytochemical analyses. The OECs were morphologically characterized with desmosomes, tight junctions and microvilli. These cells exhibited normal growth properties, as assessed using a cell growth curve, and were stably cultured for 10 passages. The OECs expressed the peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) mRNA and absorbed intact glycylsarcosine (Gly-Sar). The uptake of Gly-Sar by OECs was pH-dependent with an optimal pH of 5.5–6.5. Furthermore, the uptake of Gly-Sar was also time-dependent, concentration-dependent and temperature-dependent. Moreover, PEPT1 was saturated with Gly-Sar at a concentration of 2.5 mM. The uptake via PEPT1 was higher compared with that via passive route at low substrate concentrations (<1.5 mM). This result suggested that PEPT1 contributed more to total small peptide absorption at low concentrations. In addition, this uptake could be competitively inhibited by methionine-glycine. Taken together, these data suggested that PEPT1 contributes to small peptide absorption in OECs. Thus, OECs may serve as a useful culture model for the study of the absorption of small peptides in bovine omasum.
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Georgi MI, Rosendahl J, Ernst F, Günzel D, Aschenbach JR, Martens H, Stumpff F. Epithelia of the ovine and bovine forestomach express basolateral maxi-anion channels permeable to the anions of short-chain fatty acids. Pflugers Arch 2013; 466:1689-712. [PMID: 24240698 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It has long been established that the absorption of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) across epithelia stimulates sodium proton exchange. The apically released protons are not available as countercations for the basolateral efflux of SCFA anions and a suitable transport model is lacking. Patch clamp and microelectrode techniques were used to characterize an anion conductance expressed by cultured cells of the sheep and bovine rumen and the sheep omasum and to localize the conductance in the intact tissue. Cells were filled with a Na-gluconate solution and superfused with sodium salts of acetate, propionate, butyrate, or lactate. Reversal potential rose and whole cell current at +100 mV decreased with the size of the anion. Anion-induced currents could be blocked by diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), NPPB (200 μmol l(-1)), or pCMB (1 mmol l(-1)). In patches of bovine ruminal cells, single channels were observed with a conductance for chloride (327 ± 11 pS), acetate (115 ± 8 pS), propionate (102 ± 10 pS), butyrate (81 ± 2 pS), and gluconate (44 ± 3 pS). Channels expressed by sheep rumen and omasum were similar. Microelectrode experiments suggest basolateral localization. In conclusion, forestomach epithelia express basolateral maxi-anion channels with a permeability sequence of chloride > acetate > propionate > butyrate. SCFA absorption may resemble functionally coupled transport of NaCl, with the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase driving the basolateral efflux of the anion through a channel. Since protons are apically extruded, the model accurately predicts that influx of buffers with saliva is essential for the pH homeostasis of the ruminant forestomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Georgi
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
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Stumpff F, Georgi MI, Mundhenk L, Rabbani I, Fromm M, Martens H, Günzel D. Sheep rumen and omasum primary cultures and source epithelia: barrier function aligns with expression of tight junction proteins. J Exp Biol 2011; 214:2871-82. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.055582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The forestomachs of cows and sheep have historically served as important models for the study of epithelial transport. Thus, the ruminal epithelium was among the first tissues in which absorption of chloride against an electrochemical gradient was observed, requiring a tight paracellular barrier to prevent back-leakage. However, little is known about ruminal barrier function, despite the considerable implications for ruminant health. The tight junction proteins of the omasum have never been investigated, and no cell culture model exists. We present a new method for the isolation of cells from forestomach epithelia. Protein expression of cells and source tissues of sheep were studied using western blot, PCR and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cultured cells were characterized by transepithelial resistance (TER) measurements and patch clamping. Cells developed TER values of 729±134 Ω cm2 (rumen) and 1522±126 Ω cm2 (omasum). Both primary cells and source epithelia of rumen and omasum expressed cytokeratin, occludin and claudins 1, 4 and 7 (but not claudins 2, 3, 5, 8 and 10), consistent with the observed paracellular sealing properties. Staining for claudin-1 reached the stratum basale. The full mRNA coding sequence of claudins 1, 4 and 7 (sheep) was obtained. Patch-clamp analyses of isolated cells proved expression of an anion conductance with a permeability sequence of gluconate<acetate<chloride. This is in accordance with a model that ruminal and omasal transport of anions such as chloride and acetate has to occur via a transcellular route and involves channel-mediated basolateral efflux, driven by Na+/K+-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Stumpff
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria-Ifigenia Georgi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Mundhenk
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Imtiaz Rabbani
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Michael Fromm
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Martens
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Günzel
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Charité Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Transport of cations and anions across forestomach epithelia: conclusions from in vitro studies. Animal 2010; 4:1037-56. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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von Engelhardt W, Dycker C, Lechner-Doll M. Absorption of short-chain fatty acids, sodium and water from the forestomach of camels. J Comp Physiol B 2007; 177:631-40. [PMID: 17429653 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-007-0161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In camelids the ventral parts of compartments 1 and 2 (C1/C2) and the total surface of compartment 3 of the forestomach are lined with tubular glands, whereas in ruminants the surface of the forestomach is composed entirely of stratified, squamous epithelium. Thus, differences in absorption rates between these foregut fermenters can be expected. In five camels C1/C2 was temporarily isolated, washed and filled with buffer solutions. Absorption of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and net absorption of sodium and water were estimated relative to Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a fluid marker. SCFA were extensively absorbed in the forestomach; clearance rates of SCFA with different chain lengths were equal. After lowering the pH of solutions SCFA absorption rates increased, but much less than the increase of the non-ionized fraction. Absorption of propionate was lower when acetate had been added. Findings suggest that most of the SCFA in camels are transported in the ionized form, most likely via an anion exchange mechanism. Net water absorption is closely related to net sodium absorption. Apparently water absorption results from an iso-osmotic process. Differences between absorption mechanisms of SCFA from the forestomach of camelids and ruminants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W von Engelhardt
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
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