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Boraey NF, Bebars MA, Wahba AA, Abd El Lateef HM, Attia MA, Elsayed AH, Rashed KA, Sorour EI, Ahmed MF, Abd-Elrehim GAB, Soliman AA, Shehab MMM, Elhindawy EM, Ibraheem AAA, Shehata H, Yousif YM, Hashem MIA, Ahmed AA, Emam AA, Gameil DM, Abdelhady EM, Abdelkhalek K, Morsi WEMA, Selim DM, Razek SA, Ashraf B, Saleh ASE, Eltrawy HH, Alanwar MI, Fouad RA, Omar WE, Nabil RM, Abdelhamed MR, Ibrahim MY, Malek MM, Afify MR, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Tarabulsi MK, Qashqary ME, Almoraie LM, Salem HF, Rashad MM, El-Gaaly SAA, El-Deeb NA, Abdallah AM, Fakhreldin AR, Hassouba M, Massoud YM, Attaya MSM, Haridi MK. Association of ACE1 I/D polymorphism and susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-023-02982-8. [PMID: 38177248 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the sparse data on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its biological effector molecules ACE1 and ACE2 in pediatric COVID-19 cases, we investigated whether the ACE1 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism could be a genetic marker for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. METHODS This was a case-control study included four hundred sixty patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and 460 well-matched healthy control children and adolescents. The I/D polymorphism (rs1799752) in the ACE1 gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), meanwhile the ACE serum concentrations were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS The ACE1 D/D genotype and Deletion allele were significantly more represented in patients with COVID-19 compared to the control group (55% vs. 28%; OR = 2.4; [95% CI: 1.46-3.95]; for the DD genotype; P = 0.002) and (68% vs. 52.5%; OR: 1.93; [95% CI: 1.49-2.5] for the D allele; P = 0.032). The presence of ACE1 D/D genotype was an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 among studied patients (adjusted OR: 2.6; [95% CI: 1.6-9.7]; P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS The ACE1 insertion/deletion polymorphism may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Egyptian children and adolescents. IMPACT Recent studies suggested a crucial role of renin-angiotensin system and its biological effector molecules ACE1 and ACE2 in the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to investigate the association of ACE1 I/D polymorphism and susceptibility to COVID-19 in Caucasian children and adolescents. The presence of the ACE1 D/D genotype or ACE1 Deletion allele may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and being associated with higher ACE serum levels; may constitute independent risk factors for severe COVID-19. The ACE1 I/D genotyping help design further clinical trials reconsidering RAS-pathway antagonists to achieve more efficient targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa F Boraey
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Bebars
- Department of Pediatrics, Princess Alexandra hospital, Harlow, UK
| | - Ali A Wahba
- Department of Pediatrics at SSMC (Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Mohamed Atif Attia
- Department of Pediatrics at SKMC (Sheikh khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ahmed H Elsayed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Khalid A Rashed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Ehab I Sorour
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | | | - Attia A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Shehab
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman M Elhindawy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A A Ibraheem
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hassan Shehata
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yousif M Yousif
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mustafa I A Hashem
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amani A Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Emam
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Dalia M Gameil
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman M Abdelhady
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khalil Abdelkhalek
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa E M A Morsi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Selim
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suzan A Razek
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bassem Ashraf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S E Saleh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Heba H Eltrawy
- Department of Chest diseases, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Alanwar
- Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rania A Fouad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa E Omar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Nabil
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Abdelhamed
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Mona Yousri Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Mai M Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona R Afify
- Department of Medical microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanned T Alharbi
- Department of Medical microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K Nagshabandi
- Department of Medical microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muyassar K Tarabulsi
- Department of Medical microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Esmail Qashqary
- Department of Family and community medicine, University Medical Center, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila M Almoraie
- Department of Family and community medicine, University Medical Center, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan F Salem
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Manal M Rashad
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sonya A A El-Gaaly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Ain-Shams, Egypt
| | - Nahawand A El-Deeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany M Abdallah
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Fakhreldin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hassouba
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Yasmine M Massoud
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Ain-Shams, Egypt
| | - Mona S M Attaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Mohammed K Haridi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Chiriacò M, Tricò D, Leonetti S, Petrie JR, Balkau B, Højlund K, Pataky Z, Nilsson PM, Natali A. Female Sex and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism Amplify the Effects of Adiposity on Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2021; 79:36-46. [PMID: 34689596 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological link between adiposity and blood pressure is not completely understood, and evidence suggests an influence of sex and genetic determinants. We aimed to identify the relationship between adiposity and blood pressure, independent of a robust set of lifestyle and metabolic factors, and to examine the modulating role of sex and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms. In the Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease (RISC) study cohort, 1211 normotensive individuals, aged 30 to 60 years and followed-up after 3.3 years, were characterized for lifestyle and metabolic factors, body composition, and ACE genotype. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were independently associated with mean arterial pressure, with a stronger relationship in women than men (BMI: r=0.40 versus 0.30; WC: r=0.40 versus 0.30, both P<0.01) and in individuals with the ID and II ACE genotypes in both sexes (P<0.01). The associations of BMI and WC with mean arterial pressure were independent of age, sex, lifestyle, and metabolic variables (standardized regression coefficient=0.17 and 0.18 for BMI and WC, respectively) and showed a significant interaction with the ACE genotype only in women (P=0.03). A 5 cm larger WC at baseline increased the risk of developing hypertension at follow-up only in women (odds ratio, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.15-2.10], P=0.004) and in II genotype carriers (odds ratio, 1.87 [95% CI, 1.09-3.20], P=0.023). The hypertensive effect of adiposity is more pronounced in women and in people carrying the II variant of the ACE genotype, a marker of salt sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Chiriacò
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy. (M.C., D.T., S.L., A.N.)
| | - Domenico Tricò
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy. (M.C., D.T., S.L., A.N.).,Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy. (D.T.)
| | - Simone Leonetti
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy. (M.C., D.T., S.L., A.N.)
| | - John R Petrie
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (J.R.P.)
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Clinical Epidemiology, CESP, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, University Paris-Sud, Inserm U1018, Villejuif, France (B.B.)
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (K.H.)
| | - Zoltan Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, WHO Collaborating Centre, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland (Z.P.)
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden (P.M.N.)
| | - Andrea Natali
- Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy. (M.C., D.T., S.L., A.N.)
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Saleh NY, Salem SS, Abo-El Fotoh WM, Soliman SE, Abo-Haded HM. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) gene polymorphism in Egyptian children with congenital heart disease. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:963-969. [PMID: 32343056 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the leading cause of infant deaths worldwide. The relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and CHDs is not clear. The aim of this work is to assess the presence of an association between ACE I/D polymorphism and CHD in Egyptian population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Seventy CHD cases and 70 controls were incorporated in this study. DNA was isolated from their peripheral blood, and then ACE I/D gene polymorphism was tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS There was no significant difference among the frequencies of the DD, II, and DI genotypes in patients and controls (26 [37.1%], 37 [53.3%], and 4 [5.7%], 5 [6.7%]), 40 (57.2%), 28 (40%), respectively (p value = 1 and OR [95% CI] = 1.1). There was no significant difference between D allele (DD + DI) and II genotype distribution among patients and controls (p value = 1 and OR [95% CI] = 1.2 [0.3-2.9]). Moreover, there was no difference between I allele (II + DI) and DD frequency (p value = 0.2 and OR [95% CI] = 0.6 [0.3-1.2]). CONCLUSIONS ACE I/D gene polymorphism might not be a risk factor of CHD in Egyptian children. Additional widespread studies are needed to affirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwan Y Saleh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Salem
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Mm Abo-El Fotoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa E Soliman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt.,Medical Biochemistry Unit, Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany M Abo-Haded
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Rocha AWDO, Nascimento WMD, Oliveira CMDC, Pereira Neto JM, Nascimento OVD, Santos JOLD, Viera ÉP, Brunetta HS, Pontes IDM, Astolfi Filho S. FREQUENCY OF GENE ACE I POLYMORPHISM I-D IN ATHLETES OF DIFFERENT SPORTS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220202602218862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: The angiotensin-converting enzyme I-D (ACE) polymorphism gene is one of the most widely investigated genetic variations in sports science. Apparently, allele I is related to endurance sports, while allele D is related to power-strength activities. Nevertheless, studies have presented controversial results when it comes as to its occurrence in a variety of sports. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the frequency of gene ACE polymorphism I-D in professional athletes of collective or individual sports. Methods: Five mL blood were collected from 189 subjects divided into two groups: athletes (AG, n=127, wrestling, taekwondo, soccer, futsal and handball) and non-athletes (NAG, n=62). The athletes group was subdivided by group modalities, into: collective and individual. Both groups were further subdivided into male and female. Thus, we have the groups FAC= collective female, FAI= individual female, MAC= collective male, and MAI= individual male. The statistical analysis was carried out by frequency test, and the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium by the x² test. Results: The results for the AG group indicated the following frequencies: DD=7%, ID=44% and II=49%. Allele frequency: D=29% and I=71%. For the NAG, the results were: DD=6.5%, ID=45.2% and II=48%. Allele frequency: D=29% and I=71%. The AG genotypic and allele frequencies did not differ statistically from those of the NAG (p= 0.982 and p= 0.984, respectively). However, we noticed that the genotypes II and ID frequencies were significantly higher than those of the DD. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the genotypic and allelic I-D frequencies of the ACE gene do not seem to influence performance in either group or individual sports. ACTN3 genotype frequencies did not vary significantly between male and female control subjects, and overall, there was no significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium. Level of evidence I; Diagnostic studies–Investigating diagnostic test.
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