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Ha X, Li Y, Gao Z, Cui J, Nie Y, Sun L, Gao W. IL1RL2 is related to the expression and prognosis of bladder cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2024; 21:75. [PMID: 39170626 PMCID: PMC11337083 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2024.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
IL1RL2 has been reported to be highly expressed in a variety of tumor types whereas its role in bladder cancer (BLCA) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the prognostic value of Il1RL2 in BLCA and its relationship with clinical pathological features. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to assess the levels of IL1RL2 expression in BLCA tissues and cells, which were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze expression of the IL1RL2 gene in 17 pairs of tumor and normal specimens, as well as 112 samples with different stages and grades of tumors. To investigate the biological functions of Il1RL2 in BLCA, co-expression networks and functional enrichment analyses were conducted. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using interaction gene search tools. IL1RL2 was revealed to be clearly expressed in BLCA cells and tissues. The area under the curve for amplification of IL1RL2 distinguishing between tumor and normal tissues was 0.700 (95% CI: 0.579-0.821) in the TCGA database and 0.647 (95% CI: 0.497-0.797) in Miyun chart database, respectively. Furthermore, in our database, both univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that IL1RL2 expression was an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed an association between high IL1RL2 expression and low OS. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that IL1RL2 is involved in the regulation of tumor progression through the MAPK signaling pathway. The expression level of IL1RL2 was associated with the stage, grade, lymph node album and prognosis of BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ha
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital-Miyun Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
- Miyun Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Zihui Gao
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital-Miyun Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
- Miyun Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhao Cui
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital-Miyun Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
- Miyun Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhu Nie
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital-Miyun Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
- Miyun Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital-Miyun Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
- Miyun Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhi Gao
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital-Miyun Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
- Miyun Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
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Caceres Lessa AY, Edwinson A, Sato H, Yang L, Berumen A, Breen-Lyles M, Byale A, Ryks M, Keehn A, Camilleri M, Farrugia G, Chen J, Decuir M, Smith K, Dasari S, Grover M. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Correlates of Increased Colonic Permeability in Postinfection Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:S1542-3565(24)00603-7. [PMID: 38987012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Postinfection irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is well-known epidemiologically; however, its physiological and molecular characteristics are not well studied. We aimed to determine the physiological phenotypes, colonic transcriptome, fecal microbiome, and metabolome in PI-IBS. METHODS Fifty-one Rome III Campylobacter PI-IBS patients and 39 healthy volunteers (HV) were enrolled. Participants completed questionnaires, in vivo intestinal permeability, gastrointestinal transit, and rectal sensation. Fecal samples were collected for shotgun metagenomics, untargeted metabolomics, and sigmoid colonic biopsies for bulk RNAseq. Differential gene expression, differences in microbiota composition, and metabolite abundance were determined. Gene and metabolite clusters were identified via weighted gene correlation network analysis and correlations with clinical and physiological parameters determined. RESULTS PI-IBS (59% female; 46 ± 2 years) and HV (64% female; 42 ± 2 years) demographics were comparable. Mean IBS-symptom severity score was 227; 94% were nonconstipation. Two- to 24-hour lactulose excretion was increased in PI-IBS, suggesting increased colonic permeability (4.4 ± 0.5 mg vs 2.6 ± 0.3 mg; P = .01). Colonic transit and sensory thresholds were similar between the 2 groups. Overall, expression of 2036 mucosal genes and 223 fecal metabolites were different, with changes more prominent in females. Fecal N-acetylputrescine was increased in PI-IBS and associated with colonic permeability, worse diarrhea, and negatively correlated with abundance of Collinsella aerofaciens. Histamine and N-acetylhistamine positively associated with 2- to 24-hour lactulose excretion. Eight weighted gene coexpression modules significantly correlated with phenotypes (sex, stool frequency, colonic permeability, transit). CONCLUSIONS Campylobacter PI-IBS patients demonstrate higher colonic permeability, which associated with changes in polyamine and histamine metabolites. Female patients demonstrated greater molecular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Y Caceres Lessa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adam Edwinson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Lu Yang
- Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Antonio Berumen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret Breen-Lyles
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anjali Byale
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, McKeesport, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Ryks
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ashley Keehn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Kirk Smith
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Sugiura K, Fujita H, Komine M, Yamanaka K, Akiyama M. The role of interleukin-36 in health and disease states. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38779986 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-1 superfamily upregulates immune responses and maintains homeostasis between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Within the IL-1 superfamily, IL-36 plays a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Of the four IL-36 isoforms, three have agonist activity (IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) and the fourth has antagonist activity (IL-36 receptor antagonist [IL-36Ra]). All IL-36 isoforms bind to the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R). Binding of IL-36α/β/γ to the IL-36R recruits the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) and activates downstream signalling pathways mediated by nuclear transcription factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways. Antagonist binding of IL-36Ra to IL-36R inhibits recruitment of IL-1RAcP, blocking downstream signalling pathways. Changes in the balance within the IL-36 cytokine family can lead to uncontrolled inflammatory responses throughout the body. As such, IL-36 has been implicated in numerous inflammatory diseases, notably a type of pustular psoriasis called generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), a chronic, rare, potentially life-threatening, multisystemic skin disease characterised by recurrent fever and extensive sterile pustules. In GPP, IL-36 is central to disease pathogenesis, and the prevention of IL-36-mediated signalling can improve clinical outcomes. In this review, we summarize the literature describing the biological functions of the IL-36 pathway. We also consider the evidence for uncontrolled activation of the IL-36 pathway in a wide range of skin (e.g., plaque psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, acne, Netherton syndrome, atopic dermatitis and pyoderma gangrenosum), lung (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), gut (e.g., intestinal fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease and Hirschsprung's disease), kidney (e.g., renal tubulointerstitial lesions) and infectious diseases caused by a variety of pathogens (e.g., COVID-19; Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae infections), as well as in cancer. We also consider how targeting the IL-36 signalling pathway could be used in treating inflammatory disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumitsu Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Komine
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Tongmuang N, Cai KQ, An J, Novy M, Jensen LE. Floxed Il1rl2 Locus with mCherry Reporter Element Reveals Distinct Expression Patterns of the IL-36 Receptor in Barrier Tissues. Cells 2024; 13:787. [PMID: 38727323 PMCID: PMC11083296 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-36 cytokines are emerging as beneficial in immunity against pathogens and cancers but can also be detrimental when dysregulated in autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions. Interest in targeting IL-36 activity for therapeutic purposes is rapidly growing, yet many unknowns about the functions of these cytokines remain. Thus, the availability of robust research tools is essential for both fundamental basic science and pre-clinical studies to fully access outcomes of any manipulation of the system. For this purpose, a floxed Il1rl2, the gene encoding the IL-36 receptor, mouse strain was developed to facilitate the generation of conditional knockout mice. The targeted locus was engineered to contain an inverted mCherry reporter sequence that upon Cre-mediated recombination will be flipped and expressed under the control of the endogenous Il1rl2 promoter. This feature can be used to confirm knockout in individual cells but also as a reporter to determine which cells express the IL-36 receptor IL-1RL2. The locus was confirmed to function as intended and further used to demonstrate the expression of IL-1RL2 in barrier tissues. Il1rl2 expression was detected in leukocytes in all barrier tissues. Interestingly, strong expression was observed in epithelial cells at locations in direct contact with the environment such as the skin, oral mucosa, the esophagus, and the upper airways, but almost absent from epithelial cells at more inward facing sites, including lung alveoli, the small intestine, and the colon. These findings suggest specialized functions of IL-1RL2 in outward facing epithelial tissues and cells. The generated mouse model should prove valuable in defining such functions and may also facilitate basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopprarat Tongmuang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kathy Q. Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jiahui An
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mariah Novy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Liselotte E. Jensen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Wang X, Fei Y, Shao Y, Liao Q, Meng Q, Chen R, Deng L. Transcriptome analysis reveals immune function-related mRNA expression in donkey mammary glands during four developmental stages. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101169. [PMID: 38096640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The low susceptibility to mastitis of female donkey (jenny) mammary glands and the strong immune properties of donkey milk are acknowledged, but little is known about the genes involved in mammary gland immunity in jennies. Herein, we used RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses to explore jenny mammary gland transcriptomes and detect potential functional differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs related to immunity during four specific developmental stages: foetal (F), pubertal (P), adult parous nonlactation (N) and lactation (L). A total of 2497, 583 and 1820 DE mRNAs were identified in jenny mammary glands at F vs. P, P vs. N, and N vs. L, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed numerous GO terms related to immune function, especially between F and P. Seven significantly enriched profiles were identified, among which 497 and 1261 DE mRNAs were upregulated in profiles 19 and 17. Eleven mRNAs were enriched in over 10 KEGG pathways. β-2-microglobulin (B2M), immunoglobulin heavy constant mu (IGHM), toll like receptor 2 (TLR2), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) were mainly involved in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signalling, phagosome and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa B) signalling pathways. The findings provide insight into the molecular features underpinning the low prevalence of intramammary infections (i.e., mastitis) in donkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yaqi Fei
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qingchao Liao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qingze Meng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Liang Deng
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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Benibol Y, Önenerk Men AM, Hakalmaz AE, Çomunoğlu N, Topuzlu Tekant G, Özcan R. The Effect of the Ganglionic Segment Inflammatory Response to Postoperative Enterocolitis in Hirschsprung Disease. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2024; 43:140-150. [PMID: 38268442 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2024.2306280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the relationship between proinflammatory cytokines that occur in the inflammatory reaction in the intestine in Hirschsprung disease (HD) and Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC). METHODS Thirty cases (M:27, F:3) operated on due to HD. The cases were divided into three groups: group 1 with pre and post operative EC, group 2 with post-operative, and group 3 with pre-operative EC. The intestinal segments were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). RESULTS IL-1β staining was significantly higher in the ganglionic zone of groups with enterocolitis compared to the control group (p = 0.012). TNF-α staining in the transitional zone of Group 3 and IL-1β staining in the ganglionic zone of Group 1 was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.030, p = 0.020). CONCLUSION In our study, older age at diagnosis and more than 20% IL-1ß staining in the ganglionic segment were found to be risk factors for HAEC. It is noteworthy that the increase in IL-1ß can be associated with HAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalım Benibol
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Mine Önenerk Men
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Ekber Hakalmaz
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nil Çomunoğlu
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonca Topuzlu Tekant
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rahşan Özcan
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Update on the Pathogenesis of the Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054602. [PMID: 36902033 PMCID: PMC10003052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant progress that has been made in terms of understanding the pathophysiology and risk factors of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC), the morbidity rate has remained unsatisfactorily stable, and clinical management of the condition continues to be challenging. Therefore, in the present literature review, we summarized the up-to-date advances that have been made regarding basic research on the pathogenesis of HAEC. Original articles published between August 2013 and October 2022 were searched in a number of databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The keywords "Hirschsprung enterocolitis", "Hirschsprung's enterocolitis", "Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis", and "Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis" were selected and reviewed. A total of 50 eligible articles were obtained. The latest findings of these research articles were grouped into gene, microbiome, barrier function, enteric nervous system, and immune state categories. The present review concludes that HAEC is shown to be a multifactorial clinical syndrome. Only deep insights into this syndrome, with an accrual of knowledge in terms of understanding its pathogenesis, will elicit the necessary changes that are required for managing this disease.
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Ai D, Wang M, Zhang Q, Cheng L, Wang Y, Liu X, Xia LC. Regularized survival learning and cross-database analysis enabled identification of colorectal cancer prognosis-related immune genes. Front Genet 2023; 14:1148470. [PMID: 36911403 PMCID: PMC9995717 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1148470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma is the most common type of colorectal cancer. The prognosis of advanced colorectal cancer patients who received treatment is still very poor. Therefore, identifying new biomarkers for prognosis prediction has important significance for improving treatment strategies. However, the power of biomarker analyses was limited by the used sample size of individual database. In this study, we combined Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases to expand the number of healthy tissue samples. We screened differentially expressed genes between the GTEx healthy samples and TCGA tumor samples. Subsequently, we applied least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox analysis to identify nine prognosis-related immune genes: ANGPTL4, IDO1, NOX1, CXCL3, LTB4R, IL1RL2, CD72, NOS2, and NUDT6. We computed the risk scores of samples based on the expression levels of these genes and divided patients into high- and low-risk groups according to this risk score. Survival analysis results showed a significant difference in survival rate between the two risk groups. The high-risk group had a significantly lower overall survival rate and poorer prognosis. We found the receiver operating characteristic based on the risk score was showed to accurately predict patients' prognosis. These prognosis-related immune genes may be potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment. Our open-source code is freely available from GitHub at https://github.com/gutmicrobes/Prognosis-model.git.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ai
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Mingmei Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Longwei Cheng
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqin Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Li C Xia
- School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Byrne J, Baker K, Houston A, Brint E. IL-36 cytokines in inflammatory and malignant diseases: not the new kid on the block anymore. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6215-6227. [PMID: 34365521 PMCID: PMC8429149 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The IL-36 family of cytokines were first identified in 2000 based on their sequence homology to IL-1 cytokines. Over subsequent years, the ability of these cytokines to either agonise or antagonise an IL-1R homologue, now known as the IL-36 Receptor (IL-36R), was identified and these cytokines went through several cycles of renaming with the current nomenclature being proposed in 2010. Despite being identified over 20 years ago, it is only during the last decade that the function of these cytokines in health and disease has really begun to be appreciated, with both homeostatic functions in wound healing and response to infection, as well as pathological functions now ascribed. In the disease context, over activation of IL-36 has now been associated with many inflammatory diseases including Psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases, with roles in cancer also now being investigated. This review summarises the current knowledge of IL-36 biology, its role in inflammatory diseases and focuses on an emerging role for IL-36 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Byrne
- Department of Pathology, Cork University Hospital, University College Cork, Clinical Sciences Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kevin Baker
- Department of Pathology, Cork University Hospital, University College Cork, Clinical Sciences Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aileen Houston
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Brint
- Department of Pathology, Cork University Hospital, University College Cork, Clinical Sciences Building, Cork, Ireland. .,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Zhang H, Zhao JL, Zheng Y, Xie XL, Huang LH, Li L, Zhu Y, Lu LF, Hu TQ, Zhong W, He QM. Correlation analysis of IL-11 polymorphisms and Hirschsprung disease subtype susceptibility in Southern Chinese Children. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:21. [PMID: 33468134 PMCID: PMC7814452 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a hereditary defect, which is characterized by the absence of enteric ganglia and is frequently concurrent with Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC). However, the pathogenesis for HSCR is complicated and remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-11 (IL-11) are involved in the enteric nervous system's progress. It was found that IL-11 SNPs (rs8104023 and rs4252546) are associated with HSCR in the Korean population waiting for replication in an independent cohort. This study evaluated the relationship between IL-11 and the susceptibility of patients to HSCR by performing subphenotype interaction examination, HAEC pre-/post-surgical patient-only association analysis, and independence testing. METHODS In this study, a cohort consisting of children from Southern China, comprising 1470 cases and 1473 controls, was chosen to examine the relationship between two polymorphisms (rs8104023 and rs4252546 in IL-11) and susceptibility to HSCR by replication research, subphenotype association analysis, and independence testing. RESULTS The results showed that IL-11 gene polymorphisms (rs8104023 and rs4252546) are not associated with the risk of HSCR in the Chinese population. The results of both short-segment and long-segment (S-HSCR and L-HSCR) surgery (3.34 ≤ OR ≤ 4.05, 0.02 ≤ P ≤ 0.04) showed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs8104023 is associated with susceptibility to HAEC. CONCLUSIONS This study explored the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to HAEC in HSCR subtypes for the first time. These findings should be replicated in a larger and multicentre study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - Jing-Lu Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - Li-Feng Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - Tu-Qun Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
| | - Qiu-Ming He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623 Guangdong China
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11
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Neurath MF. IL-36 in chronic inflammation and cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 55:70-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Liu L, He H, Xu D, Feng Y, Zhou H, Shi L, Gu Y, Wang J, Zhu Y. Association between interleukin-36γ and tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2457-2465. [PMID: 32194745 PMCID: PMC7039103 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is effective in improving the survival and prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and identifying effective immunomarkers is important for immunotherapy. Interleukin (IL)-36γ is a novel immunomarker that has an important function in the antitumor immune response. The present study investigated the association between IL-36γ and NSCLC to provide novel insight into immunotherapy for patients with NSCLC. Tissue microarrays of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were purchased for immunohistochemical analysis of IL-36γ expression levels and clinical parameters. In addition, fresh clinical NSCLC and adjacent normal tissue samples were collected to analyze IL-36γ mRNA expression levels using quantitative PCR. IL-36γ protein was primarily located in the cytoplasm, with a small quantity in the nucleus, and IL-36γ mRNA and protein expression levels in lung cancer tissues were significantly higher compared with those in adjacent normal tissues. Elevated IL-36γ protein expression levels were significantly associated with a higher tumor grade of lung adenocarcinoma; however, IL-36γ mRNA expression levels were inversely associated with the clinical Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, patients with adenocarcinoma with high IL-36γ protein expression levels tended to longer post-operative survival times. These findings indicate that IL-36γ may have potential as an immunomarker for prediction of tumor progression and survival in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China.,Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Honghong He
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China.,Suzhou Blood Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China.,Clinical Laboratory, Yancheng Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224002, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Feng
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Clinical Immunology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Yibei Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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13
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Interleukin-36: Structure, Signaling and Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 21:191-210. [PMID: 32026417 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The IL-36 family belongs to a larger IL-1 superfamily and consists of three agonists (IL-36α/β/γ), one antagonist (IL-36Ra), one cognate receptor (IL-36R) and one accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). The receptor activation follows a two-step mechanism in that the agonist first binds to IL-36R and the resulting binary complex recruits IL-1RAcP. Assembled ternary complex brings together intracellular TIR domains of receptors which activate downstream NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Antagonist IL-36Ra inhibits the signaling by binding to IL-36R and preventing recruitment of IL-1RAcP. Members of IL-36 are normally expressed at low levels. Upon stimulation, they are inducted and act on a variety of cells including epithelial and immune cells. Protease mediated N-terminal processing is needed for cytokine activation. In the skin, the functional role of IL-36 is to contribute to host defense through inflammatory response. However, when dysregulated, IL-36 stimulates keratinocyte and immune cells to enhance the Th17/Th23 axis and induces psoriatic-like skin disorder. Genetic mutations of the antagonist IL-36Ra are associated with occurrence of generalized pustular psoriasis, a rare but life-threatening skin disease. Anti-IL-36 antibodies attenuate IMQ or IL-23 induced skin inflammation in mice, illustrating IL-36's involvement in mouse model of psoriasis. Other organs such as the lungs, the intestine, the joints and the brain also express IL-36 family members upon stimulation. The physiological and pathological roles of IL-36 are less well defined in these organs than in the skin. In this chapter, current progress on IL-36 protein and biology is reviewed with a discussion on investigative tools for this novel target.
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Kim SY, Ko HS, Kim N, Yim SH, Jung SH, Kim J, Lee MD, Chung YJ. A missense mutation in EBF2 was segregated with imperforate anus in a family across three generations. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1632-1636. [PMID: 29704291 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of imperforate anus, a major phenotype of anorectal malformation (ARM), is still unknown and not a single gene has been reported to be associated with it. We studied a Korean family with six affected members with imperforate anus across three generations by whole exome sequencing and identified a missense mutation in the EBF2 gene (c.215C > T; p.Ala72Val). This mutation is completely segregated with the disease phenotype in the family and is evolutionarily highly conserved among diverse vertebrates. Also, this mutation was predicted to be functionally damaging. These results support that missense mutation in the EBF2 c.215C > T (p.Ala72Val) is very likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of ARM in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinn Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Ko
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namshin Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center, , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Yim
- Department of Microbiology, Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Baekje General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Korean Bioinformation Center, , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myung-Duk Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Department of Microbiology, Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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