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Guo Y, Hu Z, Chen J, Zhang J, Fan Z, Qu Q, Miao Y. Feasibility of adipose-derived therapies for hair regeneration: Insights based on signaling interplay and clinical overview. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:784-794. [PMID: 34883154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is a dynamic component of the skin and closely interacts with the hair follicle. Interestingly, dWAT envelops the hair follicle during anagen and undergoes fluctuations in volume throughout the hair cycle. dWAT-derived extracellular vesicles can significantly regulate the hair cycle, and this provides a theoretical basis for utilizing adipose tissue as a feasible clinical strategy to treat hair loss. However, the amount and depth of the available literature are far from enough to fully elucidate the prominent role of dWAT in modulating the hair growth cycle. This review starts by investigating the hair cycle-coupled dWAT remodeling and the reciprocal signaling interplay underneath. Then, it summarizes the current literature and assesses the advantages and limitations of clinical research utilizing adipose-derived therapies for hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhexiang Fan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Motta F, Tonutti A, Isailovic N, Ceribelli A, Costanzo G, Rodolfi S, Selmi C, De Santis M. Proteomic aptamer analysis reveals serum biomarkers associated with disease mechanisms and phenotypes of systemic sclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1246777. [PMID: 37753072 PMCID: PMC10518467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1246777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease that affects multiple organs, leading to elevated morbidity and mortality with limited treatment options. The early detection of organ involvement is challenging as there is currently no serum marker available to predict the progression of SSc. The aptamer technology proteomic analysis holds the potential to correlate SSc manifestations with serum proteins up to femtomolar concentrations. Methods This is a two-tier study of serum samples from women with SSc (including patients with interstitial lung disease - ILD - at high-resolution CT scan) and age-matched healthy controls (HC) that were first analyzed with aptamer-based proteomic analysis for over 1300 proteins. Proposed associated proteins were validated by ELISA first in an independent cohort of patients with SSc and HC, and selected proteins subject to further validation in two additional cohorts. Results The preliminary aptamer-based proteomic analysis identified 33 proteins with significantly different concentrations in SSc compared to HC sera and 9 associated with SSc-ILD, including proteins involved in extracellular matrix formation and cell-cell adhesion, angiogenesis, leukocyte recruitment, activation, and signaling. Further validations in independent cohorts ultimately confirmed the association of specific proteins with early SSc onset, specific organ involvement, and serum autoantibodies. Conclusions Our multi-tier proteomic analysis identified serum proteins discriminating patients with SSc and HC or associated with different SSc subsets, disease duration, and manifestations, including ILD, skin involvement, esophageal disease, and autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Motta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Tonutti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Natasa Isailovic
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Costanzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Rodolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Maria De Santis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
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Dopytalska K, Kalisz M, Litwiniuk A, Walecka I, Bik W, Baranowska-Bik A. In the Pursuit of Metabolic Markers of Systemic Sclerosis-Plasma Adiponectin and Omentin-1 in Monitoring the Course of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9988. [PMID: 37373131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease leading to cutaneous and visceral fibrosis. Pathological features of SSc include immune dysregulation, vasculopathy, and impaired angiogenesis. Adipokines act as cytokines and hormones and are involved in various pathological processes, including metabolic disorders, inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. This study aimed to determine the level of omentin-1 and adiponectin to evaluate their potential role in the pathogenesis of SSc. We assessed serum omentin-1 and adiponectin as well as metabolic parameters in 58 patients with SSc and 30 healthy controls. The follow-up was performed in SSc individuals. Omentin-1 levels were significantly higher in SSc individuals as compared to the controls. In post-hoc analysis, omentin-1 was higher in the group with disease duration ≥7 years than in the control group. A positive correlation was noted between disease duration and both adipokines and increased with longer disease duration. However, there were no correlations between selected adipokines and metabolic parameters. Enhanced omentin-1 levels and higher levels of omentin-1 in patients with longer disease duration may suggest that omentin-1 is involved in the pathomechanisms of SSc as its concentrations are not directly related to BMI, age, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Dopytalska
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Dermatology, The National Institute of Medicine of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kalisz
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Litwiniuk
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Walecka
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Dermatology, The National Institute of Medicine of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bik
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Fioretto BS, Rosa I, Matucci-Cerinic M, Romano E, Manetti M. Current Trends in Vascular Biomarkers for Systemic Sclerosis: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044097. [PMID: 36835506 PMCID: PMC9965592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) is a multifaceted rare connective tissue disease whose pathogenesis is dominated by immune dysregulation, small vessel vasculopathy, impaired angiogenesis, and both cutaneous and visceral fibrosis. Microvascular impairment represents the initial event of the disease, preceding fibrosis by months or years and accounting for the main disabling and/or life-threatening clinical manifestations, including telangiectasias, pitting scars, periungual microvascular abnormalities (e.g., giant capillaries, hemorrhages, avascular areas, ramified/bushy capillaries) clinically detectable by nailfold videocapillaroscopy, ischemic digital ulcers, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and scleroderma renal crisis. Despite a variety of available treatment options, treatment of SSc-related vascular disease remains problematic, even considering SSc etherogenity and the quite narrow therapeutic window. In this context, plenty of studies have highlighted the great usefulness in clinical practice of vascular biomarkers allowing clinicians to assess the evolution of the pathological process affecting the vessels, as well as to predict the prognosis and the response to therapy. The current narrative review provides an up-to-date overview of the main candidate vascular biomarkers that have been proposed for SSc, focusing on their main reported associations with characteristic clinical vascular features of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Rosa
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Eloisa Romano
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Imaging Platform, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Zanin-Silva DC, Santana-Gonçalves M, Kawashima-Vasconcelos MY, Oliveira MC. Management of Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Sclerosis: Current and Developing Strategies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:788250. [PMID: 35004754 PMCID: PMC8727451 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.788250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease marked by dysregulation of the immune system, tissue fibrosis and dysfunction of the vasculature. Vascular damage, remodeling and inadequate endothelial repair are hallmarks of the disease. Since early stages of SSc, damage and apoptosis of endothelial cells (ECs) can lead to perivascular inflammation, oxidative stress and tissue hypoxia, resulting in multiple clinical manifestations. Raynaud's phenomenon, edematous puffy hands, digital ulcers, pulmonary artery hypertension, erectile dysfunction, scleroderma renal crisis and heart involvement severely affect quality of life and survival. Understanding pathogenic aspects and biomarkers that reflect endothelial damage in SSc is essential to guide therapeutic interventions. Treatment approaches described for SSc-associated vasculopathy include pharmacological options to improve blood flow and tissue perfusion and, more recently, cellular therapy to enhance endothelial repair, promote angiogenesis and heal injuries. This mini-review examines the current knowledge on cellular and molecular aspects of SSc vasculopathy, as well as established and developing therapeutic approaches for improving the vascular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djúlio César Zanin-Silva
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Hemotherapy Center of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Basic and Applied Immunology Graduate Program, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maynara Santana-Gonçalves
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Hemotherapy Center of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Oncology, Stem Cell and Cell-Therapy Graduate Program, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marianna Yumi Kawashima-Vasconcelos
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Hemotherapy Center of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Internal Medicine Graduate Program, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Oliveira
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Hemotherapy Center of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Adiponectin Deregulation in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084095. [PMID: 33920997 PMCID: PMC8071452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of adiponectin is found in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). Its expression is downregulated by various inflammatory mediators, but paradoxically, elevated serum levels are present in SARDs with high inflammatory components, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Circulating adiponectin is positively associated with radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis as well as with cardiovascular risks and lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus. However, in SARDs with less prominent inflammation, such as systemic sclerosis, adiponectin levels are low and correlate negatively with disease activity. Regulators of adiponectin gene expression (PPAR-γ, Id3, ATF3, and SIRT1) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α) are differentially expressed in SARDs and could therefore influence total adiponectin levels. In addition, anti-inflammatory therapy could also have an impact, as tocilizumab treatment is associated with increased serum adiponectin. However, anti-tumor necrosis factor α treatment does not seem to affect its levels. Our review provides an overview of studies on adiponectin levels in the bloodstream and other biological samples from SARD patients and presents some possible explanations why adiponectin is deregulated in the context of therapy and gene regulation.
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Su X, Zhang G, Cheng Y, Wang B. Leptin in skin disease modulation. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 516:8-14. [PMID: 33485901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In obesity, adipocytes are dysfunctional with excessive production and secretion of pro-inflammatory hormones and cytokines, ie, adipokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and leptin. Accumulating evidence has shown that leptin possesses pleiotropic functions including stimulation of angiogenesis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, various leptin associated activities involve a wide distribution of leptin receptors. For example, increased serum leptin was associated with tissue receptor resistance in metabolic syndrome. Although increased serum leptin, receptor and signaling impairment are involved in wound healing, hair cycle and the pathogenesis of many skin diseases such as psoriasis and lupus erythematosus as well as skin cancer, its exact role remains unclear. In the present article, we discuss the biochemistry of leptin action and its potential role in the pathophysiology of diverse skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Stochmal A, Czuwara J, Zaremba M, Rudnicka L. Epoprostenol up-regulates serum adiponectin level in patients with systemic sclerosis: therapeutic implications. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 313:783-791. [PMID: 33433715 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-020-02172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adiponectin, resistin and leptin belong to adipokines, a group of molecules secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, which impaired expression may be a missing link between various manifestations of systemic sclerosis. Adiponectin, which is also released in small amounts by the endothelium, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and protective against endothelial injury properties. Both leptin and resistin exhibit features which are contradictory to adiponectin, as they trigger inflammation and the activation of skin fibroblasts. Epoprostenol is a prostaglandin analogue with powerful vasodilator activity and inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether epoprostenol may have an effect on serum adipokine levels in patients with systemic sclerosis. METHODS A total of 27 patients were included in the study and received epoprostenol intravenously (25 µg of per day for 3 consecutive days). Serum concentrations of total adiponectin, resistin and leptin were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). RESULTS In all SSc patients, the basal level of adiponectin was significantly lower compared to healthy controls (mean 6.00 [Formula: see text] 2.81 μg/ml vs. 8.8 [Formula: see text] 4.3 μg/ml, p = 0.02) and basal level of resistin (mean 11.12 [Formula: see text] 3.36 ng/ml vs. 8.54 [Formula: see text] 3.07 ng/ml p = 0.02) was significantly higher than in the control group. The serum concentration of adiponectin increased significantly after treatment with epoprostenol (6.00 [Formula: see text] 2.81 μg/ml vs 9.29 [Formula: see text] 6.05 μg/ml; P = 0.002). The level of resistin and leptin remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Epoprostenol infusions up-regulate the serum concentration of adiponectin in patients with systemic sclerosis. In our opinion, future studies on treatments in systemic sclerosis should address the issue of their effect on adipokine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stochmal
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Zaremba
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Dopytalska K, Baranowska-Bik A, Roszkiewicz M, Bik W, Walecka I. The role of leptin in selected skin diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:215. [PMID: 33008429 PMCID: PMC7532589 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine, adipocyte-derived compound, which acts both as a hormone and cytokine. It is mainly synthesized by adipocytes of white adipose tissue. Leptin possesses pleiotropic functions including, among others, stimulation of angiogenesis and production of proinflammatory cytokines. The various types of leptin activity are related to the wide distribution of leptin receptors. This adipokine acts by activating intracellular signaling cascades such as JAKs (Janus kinases), STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription), and others.In a course of obesity, an increased serum level of leptin coexists with tissue receptor resistance. It has been reported that enhanced leptin levels, leptin receptor impairment, and dysfunction of leptin signaling can influence skin and hair. The previous studies revealed the role of leptin in wound healing, hair cycle, and pathogenesis of skin diseases like psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, and skin cancers. However, the exact mechanism of leptin's impact on the skin is still under investigation. Herein, we present the current knowledge concerning the role of leptin in psoriasis and selected skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Dopytalska
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Woloska 137, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Baranowska-Bik
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Ceglowska 80, 01-809, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marek Roszkiewicz
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Woloska 137, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bik
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Walecka
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Woloska 137, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
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Frommer KW, Neumann E, Müller-Ladner U. Role of adipokines in systemic sclerosis pathogenesis. Eur J Rheumatol 2020; 7:S165-S172. [PMID: 33164731 PMCID: PMC7647688 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2020.19107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease with manifestations in multiple organs, including the skin, lung, heart, joints, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and liver. Its pathophysiology is characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular damage, with an increased expression of numerous cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. However, besides these growth factors and cytokines, another group of molecules may be involved in the pathogenesis of SSc: the adipokines. Adipokines are proteins with metabolic and cytokine-like properties, which were originally found to be expressed by adipose tissue. However, their expression is not limited to this tissue, and they can also be found in other organs. Therefore, this review will describe the current knowledge regarding adipokines in the context of SSc and try to elucidate their potential role in the pathogenesis of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W Frommer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Elena Neumann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Hessen, Germany
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Altered serum level of metabolic and endothelial factors in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 312:453-458. [PMID: 31667578 PMCID: PMC7306018 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic connective tissue disease characterized by progressive fibrosis, vascular impairment and immune abnormalities. In recent years, adipokines (mediators synthetized by adipose tissue) have been indicated as a possible missing link in the pathogenesis of SSc. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum concentration of metabolic adipose tissue factors: adiponectin, resistin, leptin and endothelial proteins: endothelin-1, fractalkine and galectin-3 in patients with systemic sclerosis. The study included 100 patients with confirmed SSc diagnosis and 20 healthy individuals. The concentration of respective proteins was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The following markers showed statistically significant increased mean concentrations in patients with SSc in comparison to healthy control: resistin (13.41 vs 8.54 ng/mL; P = 0.0012), endothelin-1 (1.99 vs 1.31 pg/mL; P = 0.0072) and fractalkine (2.93 vs 1.68 ng/mL; P = 0.0007). Elevated serum levels of galectin-3 (4.54 vs 3.26 ng/mL; P = 0.0672) and leptin (19,542 vs 14,210 pg/mL; P = 0.1817) were observed. Decreased concentration of adiponectin was found in patients with SSc (5150 vs 8847 pg/mL; P = 0.0001). Fractalkine and galectin-3 levels were significantly higher in diffuse cutaneous SSc than limited cutaneous SSc subset (3.93 ng/mL vs 2.58 ng/mL, P = 0.0018; 6.86 ng/mL vs 3.78 ng/mL, P = 0.0008, respectively) and correlated positively with modified Rodnan Skin Score in total SSc patients (r = 0.376, P = 0.0009; r = 0.236, P = 0.018, respectively). In conclusion, an increased serum level of resistin associated with increased endothelin-1 and fractalkine level and decreased adiponectin level may indicate a significant role of the adipose tissue in the development and progression of vascular abnormalities in patients with systemic sclerosis. Fractalkine and galectin-3 may participate in promoting and exacerbating the fibrotic process in SSc.
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12
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The Role of Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Outcomes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060628. [PMID: 31234447 PMCID: PMC6627060 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though historically regarded as an inert energy store, adipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ, which is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accumulating evidence points to visceral adipose tissue and specifically to its mesenteric component, or “creeping fat” as impacting on the disease course through its immunomodulatory properties. On the one hand, mesenteric fat acts as a physical barrier to inflammation and is involved in controlling host immune response to translocation of gut bacteria. On the other hand, however, there exists a strong link between visceral fat and complicated course of the disease with unfavorable therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, “creeping fat” appears to play different roles in different IBD phenotypes, with the greatest pathogenetic contribution probably to an ileal form of Crohn’s disease. In this review, we summarize and discuss the existing literature on the subject and identify high-priority areas for future research. It may be that a better understanding of the role of mesenteric fat in IBD will determine new therapeutic targets and translate into improved clinical outcomes.
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Michalska-Jakubus M, Sawicka K, Potembska E, Kowal M, Krasowska D. Clinical associations of serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin ratio in systemic sclerosis. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:325-338. [PMID: 31333350 PMCID: PMC6640022 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.75809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leptin and adiponectin have recently received the attention of researchers as attractive biomarkers in systemic sclerosis (SSc) because of their role in the inflammatory process, vascular function and fibrosis. We hypothesized that leptin and adiponectin may be associated with disease activity and severity in patients with SSc. AIM To compare serum leptin, adiponectin and leptin/adiponectin levels in patients with SSc and healthy controls and to evaluate their possible relationship with frequently used laboratory markers and clinical findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 48 Caucasian female patients with SSc and 38 healthy controls. Serum concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were measured in patients and controls using commercially available ELISA Kits (Quantikine ELISA Kit R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The results were assessed by the Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's correlation test. RESULTS Leptin and adiponectin levels correlated with body mas index in SSc patients (r = 0.495, p = 0.000398 and r = -0.306; p = 0.0342) in contrast to healthy controls (p = 0.070 and p = 0.256, respectively), and, in SSc patients only, a strong negative correlation was observed between leptin and adiponectin serum levels (r = -0.314; p = 0.0312). Diffuse form of the disease (dcSSc) was associated with significantly lower serum adiponectin levels (8638.62 ±10382.62). Active disease was associated with significantly lower leptin concentration (13700.49 ±18293.32) and there was a significant negative correlation between leptin serum level and activity index score (r = -0.342; p = 0.0185). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study indicate that leptin levels might correlate with disease activity and subtype in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Sawicka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Potembska
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kowal
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Żółkiewicz J, Stochmal A, Rudnicka L. The role of adipokines in systemic sclerosis: a missing link? Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 311:251-263. [PMID: 30806766 PMCID: PMC6469644 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a multiorgan autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and tissue fibrosis of unknown etiology. Recently, adipokines (cell signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue) have attracted much attention as a cytokine family contributing to the various pathological processes of systemic sclerosis. Adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, adipsin, visfatin or chemerin are a heterogenic group of molecules. Adiponectin exhibits anti-fibrotic features and affects inflammatory reactions. Leptin promotes fibrosis and inflammation. Resistin was linked to vascular involvement in systemic sclerosis. Visfatin was associated with regression of skin lesions in late-stage systemic sclerosis. Chemerin appears as a marker of increased risk of impaired renal function and development of skin sclerosis in the early stage of systemic sclerosis. Vaspin was indicated to have a protective role in digital ulcers development. Novel adipokines-adipsin, apelin, omentin and CTRP-3-are emerging as molecules potentially involved in SSc pathogenesis. Serum adipokine levels may be used as predictive and diagnostic factors in systemic sclerosis. However, further investigations are required to establish firm correlations between distinct adipokines and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Żółkiewicz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008, Warszawa, Poland.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review This review provides a summary of recent insights into the role of the local white adipose tissue (WAT) in systemic sclerosis. Recent Findings Adipocytes located in an interfacial WAT area adjacent to fibrotic lesions have an intermediate phenotype and special properties implicated in fibrotic pathology in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The important role of these cells is recognized in different pathologies, such as wound healing, psoriasis, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Additionally, both immature and mature adipocytes are involved in the appearance of fibroblast-like cells but exhibit different phenotypes and synthetic properties. Summary Adipocytes from interfacial WAT adjacent to the fibrotic area in SSc are phenotypically different from bulk adipocytes and are involved in pathogenesis of SSc. Immature and mature adipocytes from this WAT layer differentiate into various types of fibroblast-like cells, making the local ratio of immature to mature adipocytes in interfacial WAT of particular importance in SSc pathogenesis.
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