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Lee N, Youn K, Yoon JH, Lee B, Kim DH, Jun M. The Role of Fucoxanthin as a Potent Nrf2 Activator via Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn Axis against Amyloid-β Peptide-Induced Oxidative Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030629. [PMID: 36978877 PMCID: PMC10045033 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence is suggesting that amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to neuronal death. This study aimed to demonstrate the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of fucoxanthin, a major marine carotenoid found in brown algae, against neuronal injury caused by Aβ. Non-toxic dose range of fucoxanthin (0.1–5 µM) were selected for the neuroprotective study against Aβ25–35. The PC12 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of fucoxanthin for 1 h before being exposed to 10 µM Aβ25–35 for another 24 h. The present results showed that fucoxanthin inhibited Aβ25-35-induced cell death by recovering cell cycle arrest and decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. The compound enhanced mitochondrial recovery and regulated apoptosis related proteins including B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) from Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress. Concomitantly, fucoxanthin increased the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream phase II detoxifying enzymes including NADPH: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1), glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm), and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), whereas it decreased the expression of cytoplasmic Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Moreover, pretreatment of fucoxanthin reduced Fyn phosphorylation via protein kinase B (Akt)-mediated inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which increased the nuclear localization of Nrf2, suggesting that the compound enhanced Nrf2 expression by the activation of upstream kinase as well as the dissociation of the Nrf2-Keap1 complex. Further validation with a specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 demonstrated that the fucoxanthin-mediated Nrf2 antioxidant defense system was directly associated with the Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn signaling pathway. In silico simulation revealed that the oxygen groups of fucoxanthin participated in potent interactions with target markers in the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which may affect the biological activity of target markers. Taken together, the present results demonstrated that the preventive role of fucoxanthin on Aβ-stimulated oxidative injury and apoptosis via Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn signaling pathway. This study would provide a useful approach for potential intervention for AD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.H.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food & Bio Innovation, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (D.H.K.); (M.J.)
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Lu LW, Gao Y, Quek SY, Foster M, Eason CT, Liu M, Wang M, Chen JH, Chen F. The landscape of potential health benefits of carotenoids as natural supportive therapeutics in protecting against Coronavirus infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113625. [PMID: 36058151 PMCID: PMC9428603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic urges researching possibilities for prevention and management of the effects of the virus. Carotenoids are natural phytochemicals of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and may exert potential in aiding in combatting the pandemic. This review presents the direct and indirect evidence of the health benefits of carotenoids and derivatives based on in vitro and in vivo studies, human clinical trials and epidemiological studies and proposes possible mechanisms of action via which carotenoids may have the capacity to protect against COVID-19 effects. The current evidence provides a rationale for considering carotenoids as natural supportive nutrients via antioxidant activities, including scavenging lipid-soluble radicals, reducing hypoxia-associated superoxide by activating antioxidant enzymes, or suppressing enzymes that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Carotenoids may regulate COVID-19 induced over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, pro-inflammatory enzymes and adhesion molecules by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) and interleukins-6- Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (IL-6-JAK/STAT) pathways and suppress the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage. Moreover, carotenoids may modulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ by acting as agonists to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. They also may potentially block the cellular receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These activities may reduce the severity of COVID-19 and flu-like diseases. Thus, carotenoid supplementation may aid in combatting the pandemic, as well as seasonal flu. However, further in vitro, in vivo and in particular long-term clinical trials in COVID-19 patients are needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
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Saeed MU, Hussain N, Shahbaz A, Hameed T, Iqbal HMN, Bilal M. Bioprospecting microalgae and cyanobacteria for biopharmaceutical applications. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1110-1124. [PMID: 34914840 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria have sparked a lot of interest due to their potential in various industries like biorefineries, biopharmaceuticals, food supplements, nutraceuticals, and other high-value products. Polysaccharides, vitamins, proteins, enzymes, and steroids are valuable products isolated from microalgae and cyanobacteria and potentially used in health and biomedical applications. Bioactive compounds derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria exhibit various pharmaceutical properties like antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, antialgal, and antioxidant. From the properties listed above, the research for novel antibiotics has become particularly appropriate. In addition, the possible emergence of resistance against pathogens, as well as the potential decline in antibiotic efficacy, has prompted researchers to look for a new source of antibiotics. Microalgae and cyanobacteria have indicated a great and unexplored potential among these sources. For this reason, microalgae and cyanobacteria have been highlighted for their efficiency in different industrial sectors, as well as for their potential uses in the betterment of human and environmental health. This review gives an overview of bioactive compounds and metabolites with several biological properties isolated from microalgae and cyanobacteria for treating different animal and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U Saeed
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Areej Shahbaz
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Hameed
- School of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
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4
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Krueger K, Boehme E, Klettner AK, Zille M. The potential of marine resources for retinal diseases: a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7518-7560. [PMID: 33970706 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We rely on vision more than on any other sense to obtain information about our environment. Hence, the loss or even impairment of vision profoundly affects our quality of life. Diet or food components have already demonstrated beneficial effects on the development of retinal diseases. Recently, there has been a growing interest in resources from marine animals and plants for the prevention of retinal diseases through nutrition. Especially fish intake and omega-3 fatty acids have already led to promising results, including associations with a reduced incidence of retinal diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are insufficiently explained. The aim of this review was to summarize the known mechanistic effects of marine resources on the pathophysiological processes in retinal diseases. We performed a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines and identified 107 studies investigating marine resources in the context of retinal diseases. Of these, 46 studies described the underlying mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic/vasoprotective, cytoprotective, metabolic, and retinal function effects, which we critically summarize. We further discuss perspectives on the use of marine resources for human nutrition to prevent retinal diseases with a particular focus on regulatory aspects, health claims, safety, and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Krueger
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elke Boehme
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexa Karina Klettner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Quincke Research Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marietta Zille
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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5
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Tiwari A, Melchor-Martínez EM, Saxena A, Kapoor N, Singh KJ, Saldarriaga-Hernández S, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Therapeutic attributes and applied aspects of biological macromolecules (polypeptides, fucoxanthin, sterols, fatty acids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols) from diatoms - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:398-413. [PMID: 33422516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are ubiquitous, biologically widespread, and have global significance due to their unique silica cell wall composition and noteworthy applied aspects. Diatoms are being extensively exploited for environmental monitoring, reconstruction, and stratigraphic correlation. However, considering all the rich elements of diatoms biology, the current literature lacks sufficient information on the therapeutic attributes and applied aspects of biological macromolecules from diatoms, hampering added advances in all aspects of diatom biology. Diatoms offer numerous high-value compounds, such as fatty acids, polysaccharides, polypeptides, pigments, and polyphenols. Diatoms with a high content of PUFA's are targets of transformation into high-value products through microalgal technologies due to their wide application and growing market as nutraceuticals and food supplements. Diatoms are renewable biomaterial, which can be used to develop drug delivery systems due to biocompatibility, surface area, cost-effective ratio, and ease in surface modifications. Innovative approaches are needed to envisage cost-effective ways for the isolation of bioactive compounds, enhance productivity, and elucidate the detailed mechanism of action. This review spotlights the notable applications of diatoms and their biologically active constituents, such as fucoxanthin and omega 3 fatty acids, among others with unique structural and functional entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India.
| | | | - Abhishek Saxena
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Neha Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kawal Jeet Singh
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | | | | | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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Gumus R, Gelen SU, Koseoglu S, Ozkanlar S, Ceylan ZG, Imik H. The Effects of Fucoxanthin Dietary Inclusion on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Metabolism and Meat Quality of Broilers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Gumus
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - H Imik
- Ataturk University, Turkey
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7
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Bjørklund G, Dadar M, Martins N, Chirumbolo S, Goh BH, Smetanina K, Lysiuk R. Brief Challenges on Medicinal Plants: An Eye-Opening Look at Ageing-Related Disorders. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 122:539-558. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine; Mo i Rana Norway
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute; Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO); Karaj Iran
| | - Natália Martins
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA; Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia; Bragança Portugal
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group (BMEX); School of Pharmacy; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Malaysia
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD); School of Pharmacy; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Phayao; Phayao Thailand
- Asian Centre for Evidence Synthesis in Population; Implementation and Clinical Outcomes; Health and Well-Being Cluster; Global Asia in the 21st Century Platform; Monash University Malaysia; Bandar Sunway Malaysia
| | - Kateryna Smetanina
- Department of Management and Economy of Pharmacy; Postgraduate Faculty; Drug Technology and Pharmacoeconomics; Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Lviv Ukraine
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany; Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Lviv Ukraine
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8
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Khan MI, Shin JH, Kim JD. The promising future of microalgae: current status, challenges, and optimization of a sustainable and renewable industry for biofuels, feed, and other products. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:36. [PMID: 29506528 PMCID: PMC5836383 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 636] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have recently attracted considerable interest worldwide, due to their extensive application potential in the renewable energy, biopharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Microalgae are renewable, sustainable, and economical sources of biofuels, bioactive medicinal products, and food ingredients. Several microalgae species have been investigated for their potential as value-added products with remarkable pharmacological and biological qualities. As biofuels, they are a perfect substitute to liquid fossil fuels with respect to cost, renewability, and environmental concerns. Microalgae have a significant ability to convert atmospheric CO2 to useful products such as carbohydrates, lipids, and other bioactive metabolites. Although microalgae are feasible sources for bioenergy and biopharmaceuticals in general, some limitations and challenges remain, which must be overcome to upgrade the technology from pilot-phase to industrial level. The most challenging and crucial issues are enhancing microalgae growth rate and product synthesis, dewatering algae culture for biomass production, pretreating biomass, and optimizing the fermentation process in case of algal bioethanol production. The present review describes the advantages of microalgae for the production of biofuels and various bioactive compounds and discusses culturing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 South Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 South Korea
| | - Jong Deog Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 South Korea
- Research Center on Anti-Obesity and Health Care, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 South Korea
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Carotenoids from Marine Microalgae: A Valuable Natural Source for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5128-55. [PMID: 26287216 PMCID: PMC4557017 DOI: 10.3390/md13085128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a relation between antioxidants and the prevention of several chronic diseases. Microalgae are a potential novel source of bioactive molecules, including a wide range of different carotenoids that can be used as nutraceuticals, food supplements and novel food products. The objective of this review is (i) to update the research that has been carried out on the most known carotenoids produced by marine microalgae, including reporting on their high potentialities to produce other less known important compounds; (ii) to compile the work that has been done in order to establish some relationship between carotenoids and oxidative protection and treatment; (iii) to summarize the association of oxidative stress and the various reactive species including free radicals with several human diseases; and (iv) to provide evidence of the potential of carotenoids from marine microalgae to be used as therapeutics to treat or prevent these oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Zhang Y, Fang H, Xie Q, Sun J, Liu R, Hong Z, Yi R, Wu H. Comparative evaluation of the radical-scavenging activities of fucoxanthin and its stereoisomers. Molecules 2014; 19:2100-13. [PMID: 24549234 PMCID: PMC6271725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (Fuco) is a characteristic carotenoid of brown seaweeds. In the present study, Fuco and its stereoisomers 9'Z-Fuco, 13Z- and 13'Z-Fuco were extracted from Laminaria japonica Aresch. They were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase HPLC. The radical-scavenging activities of the three stereoisomers were evaluated toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2-2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical. The order of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity was 13Z- and 13'Z-Fuco > (all-E)-Fuco > 9'Z-Fuco. The order of 2-2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities were 9'Z-Fuco > (all-E)-Fuco > 13Z-and 13'Z-Fuco. The order of superoxide radical-scavenging activity was 13Z- and 13'Z-Fuco > (all-E)-Fuco > 9'Z-Fuco. The scavenging activities of Fuco and its stereoisomers toward the four radical types were all dose-dependent. The ABTS, DPPH, and superoxide radical-scavenging activities were all weaker than that of tocopherol (VE), while their hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities were stronger than that of VE. The results confirmed that Fuco and its stereoisomers have potent antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hua Fang
- State Oceanic Administration Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Quanling Xie
- State Oceanic Administration Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Jipeng Sun
- State Oceanic Administration Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhuan Hong
- State Oceanic Administration Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Ruizao Yi
- State Oceanic Administration Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Kumar SR, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K. Fucoxanthin: a marine carotenoid exerting anti-cancer effects by affecting multiple mechanisms. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:5130-47. [PMID: 24351910 PMCID: PMC3877908 DOI: 10.3390/md11125130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a marine carotenoid exhibiting several health benefits. The anti-cancer effect of fucoxanthin and its deacetylated metabolite, fucoxanthinol, is well documented. In view of its potent anti-carcinogenic activity, the need to understand the underlying mechanisms has gained prominence. Towards achieving this goal, several researchers have carried out studies in various cell lines and in vivo and have deciphered that fucoxanthin exerts its anti-proliferative and cancer preventing influence via different molecules and pathways including the Bcl-2 proteins, MAPK, NFκB, Caspases, GADD45, and several other molecules that are involved in either cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or metastasis. Thus, in addition to decreasing the frequency of occurrence and growth of tumours, fucoxanthin has a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Some studies show that this effect is selective, i.e., fucoxanthin has the capability to target cancer cells only, leaving normal physiological cells unaffected/less affected. Hence, fucoxanthin and its metabolites show great promise as chemotherapeutic agents in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ravi Kumar
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato Cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
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12
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Ha AW, Na SJ, Kim WK. Antioxidant effects of fucoxanthin rich powder in rats fed with high fat diet. Nutr Res Pract 2013; 7:475-80. [PMID: 24353833 PMCID: PMC3865270 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2013.7.6.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant effect of fucoxanthin. After rats were fed a normal fat diet (NF), high fat diet (HF), and high fat with 0.2% fucoxanthin diet (HF + Fxn) for 4 weeks, the markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity like lipid peroxidation, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and gluthathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) were determined. mRNA expression of transcription factor, nuclear erythroid factor like 2 (Nrf2), and its target genes such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also determined. Mean weight gain in the HF + Fxn group was lower, without statistical significance, and the total food intake in the HF + Fxn group was lower than that in the HF group (P < 0.05). The activity of GSH-Px (P < 0.05) in plasma was significantly higher in the HF + Fxn group than those in the HF group (P < 0.05). In the liver, the activities of catalase (P < 0.05) and GSH-Px (P < 0.05) in the HF + Fxn group were significantly higher than those in the HF group. Plasma TAC level was significantly higher in the HF + Fxn group than that in the HF group (P < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation in plasma tended to be lower without statistical significance. Fucoxanthin supplements were shown to have higher mRNA expression of Nrf2 and NQO1 than those in the high fat diet only group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of fucoxanthin improved the antioxidant capacity, depleted by high fat diet, by activating the Nrf2 pathway and its downstream target gene NQO1. Therefore, supplementation of fucoxanthin, especially for those who consume high fat in their diet, may benefit from reduced risk of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Wha Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, 126 Jukjeon-dong, Suji-gu, Yongin, Gyunggi 448-701, Korea
| | - Se Jung Na
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, 126 Jukjeon-dong, Suji-gu, Yongin, Gyunggi 448-701, Korea
| | - Woo Kyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, 126 Jukjeon-dong, Suji-gu, Yongin, Gyunggi 448-701, Korea
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Jaswir I, Noviendri D, Salleh HM, Taher M, Miyashita K, Ramli N. ANALYSIS OF FUCOXANTHIN CONTENT AND PURIFICATION OF ALL-TRANS-FUCOXANTHIN FROM Turbinaria turbinata AND Sargassum plagyophyllum BY SiO2 OPEN COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY AND REVERSED PHASE-HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.691435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irwandi Jaswir
- a Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Gombak , Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Dedi Noviendri
- a Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Gombak , Lumpur , Malaysia
- b Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology , Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries , Republic of Indonesia , Central Jakarta , Indonesia
| | - Hamzah M. Salleh
- a Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Gombak , Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Taher
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , International Islamic University Malaysia Kuantan , Malaysia
| | - Kazuo Miyashita
- d Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University , Hakodate , Japan
| | - Nazaruddin Ramli
- e The School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
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Lee JY, Lee MS, Choi HJ, Choi JW, Shin T, Woo HC, Kim JI, Kim HR. Hexane fraction from Laminaria japonica exerts anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages via inhibiting NF-kappaB pathway. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52:409-21. [PMID: 22476925 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laminaria japonica is a representative marine brown alga used as a culinary item in East Asia. L. japonica extract was shown to exert various biological activities; however, its anti-inflammatory activity has not been reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory action. METHODS Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of L. japonica n-hexane fraction (LHF) were assessed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. An anti-inflammatory compound isolated from LHF by reverse-phase chromatography was identified using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. RESULTS Our results indicate that LHF significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) secretion in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with no cytotoxicity. As results, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced by pretreatment of LHF in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment of LHF strongly suppressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) promoter-driven expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB by preventing proteolytic degradation of inhibitor of κB (IκB)-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, LHF inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. One of the anti-inflammatory compounds was isolated from LHF and identified as fucoxanthin. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the LHF-mediated inhibition of NO and PGE(2) secretion in LPS-stimulated macrophages is regulated by NF-κB inactivation through inhibition of IκB-α, MAPKs, and Akt phosphorylation. LHF may be considered as a functional food candidate for the prevention or treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 599-1, Daeyeon-dong, Nam-gu, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
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15
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Terasaki M, Narayan B, Kamogawa H, Nomura M, Stephen NM, Kawagoe C, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K. Carotenoid Profile of Edible Japanese Seaweeds: An Improved HPLC Method for Separation of Major Carotenoids. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2011.610025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Kanazawa K. High Bioavailability and Diverse Biofunctions of Fucoxanthin in Brown algae. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.59.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Liu CL, Chiu YT, Hu ML. Fucoxanthin enhances HO-1 and NQO1 expression in murine hepatic BNL CL.2 cells through activation of the Nrf2/ARE system partially by its pro-oxidant activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11344-11351. [PMID: 21919437 DOI: 10.1021/jf2029785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether fucoxanthin, a major carotenoid in brown sea algae, may activate cellular antioxidant enzymes via up-regulation of the Nrf2/antioxidant-response element (ARE) pathway, we incubated mouse hepatic BNL CL.2 cells with fucoxanthin (0.5-20 μM) for 0-24 h. We found that fucoxanthin (≥5 μM) significantly increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 6 h of incubation, whereas preincubation with α-d-tocopherol (30 μM) significantly attenuated the increase of ROS, indicating the pro-oxidant nature of fucoxanthin. Fucoxanthin significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 and markedly increased nuclear Nrf2 protein accumulation after incubation for 12 h. Moreover, fucoxanthin significantly enhanced binding activities of nuclear Nrf2 with ARE and increased mRNA and protein expression of HO-1 and NQO1 after incubation for 12 h. siRNA inhibition of Nrf2 led to markedly decreased HO-1 and NQO1 protein expression. Thus, fucoxanthin may exert its antioxidant activity, at least partly, through its pro-oxidant actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ling Liu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan 402, Republic of China
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18
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Peng J, Yuan JP, Wu CF, Wang JH. Fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid present in brown seaweeds and diatoms: metabolism and bioactivities relevant to human health. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1806-1828. [PMID: 22072997 PMCID: PMC3210606 DOI: 10.3390/md9101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine carotenoid fucoxanthin can be found in marine brown seaweeds, the macroalgae, and diatoms, the microalgae, and has remarkable biological properties. Numerous studies have shown that fucoxanthin has considerable potential and promising applications in human health. In this article, we review the current available scientific literature regarding the metabolism, safety, and bioactivities of fucoxanthin, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obese, antidiabetic, antiangiogenic and antimalarial activities, and its protective effects on the liver, blood vessels of the brain, bones, skin, and eyes. Although some studies have shown the bioavailability of fucoxanthin in brown seaweeds to be low in humans, many studies have suggested that a dietary combination of fucoxanthin and edible oil or lipid could increase the absorption rate of fucoxanthin, and thus it might be a promising marine drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian-Ping Yuan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.-P.Y.); (J.-H.W.); Tel.: +86-20-39332212; Fax: +86-20-39332213
| | | | - Jiang-Hai Wang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.-P.Y.); (J.-H.W.); Tel.: +86-20-39332212; Fax: +86-20-39332213
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19
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Pangestuti R, Kim SK. Biological activities and health benefit effects of natural pigments derived from marine algae. J Funct Foods 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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20
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Pangestuti R, Kim SK. Neuroprotective effects of marine algae. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:803-818. [PMID: 21673890 PMCID: PMC3111183 DOI: 10.3390/md9050803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is known as a rich source of chemical structures with numerous beneficial health effects. Among marine organisms, marine algae have been identified as an under-exploited plant resource, although they have long been recognized as valuable sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. Presently, several lines of studies have provided insight into biological activities and neuroprotective effects of marine algae including antioxidant, anti-neuroinflammatory, cholinesterase inhibitory activity and the inhibition of neuronal death. Hence, marine algae have great potential to be used for neuroprotection as part of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and functional foods. This contribution presents an overview of marine algal neuroprotective effects and their potential application in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratih Pangestuti
- Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608–737, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608–737, Korea; E-Mail:
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608–737, Korea
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Jia X, Wu Y, Liu P. Effects of flour bleaching agent on mice liver antioxidant status and ATPases. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 31:479-484. [PMID: 21787719 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a strong oxidizing agent and widely used as flour bleaching agent. However their potential risk of liver damage is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BPO on mice liver antioxidant status and ATPases according to the actual amount of BPO in flour from Jinan, China. The results showed that the maximum concentration of BPO reached up to 284.6 mg/kg and content of BPO mainly ranged from 0 to 240 mg/kg. Therefore, four groups of mice were gavaged daily with BPO at doses of 0, 50, 100, 200mg/kg b.w./d for 42 days, respectively. In liver tissue, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly decreased, while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased following BPO exposure at 200mg/kg b.w. BPO significantly decreased the Mg(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities of the liver at 200mg/kg b.w. BPO, at all of the doses assayed, produced non-significant effects on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and Na(+)K(+)-ATPase activities. Experimental results suggested that BPO had certain adverse effects on antioxidant status and the activities of Mg(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase of liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Jia
- Department of Sanitary Inspection, School of Public Health, Shangdong University, 44 Western Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
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Kim SK, Pangestuti R. Biological activities and potential health benefits of fucoxanthin derived from marine brown algae. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2011; 64:111-28. [PMID: 22054942 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387669-0.00009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The importance of marine algae as sources of functional ingredients has been well recognized due to their valuable health beneficial effects. Therefore, isolation and investigation of novel bioactive ingredients with biological activities from marine algae have attracted great attention. Among functional ingredients identified from marine algae, fucoxanthin has received particular interest. Fucoxanthin has been attributed with extraordinary potential for protecting the organism against a wide range of diseases and has considerable potential and promising applications in human health. Fucoxanthin has been reported to exhibit various beneficial biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and neuroprotective activities. In this chapter, the currently available scientific literatures regarding the most significant activities of fucoxanthin are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Kwon Kim
- Marine Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Sangeetha RK, Baskaran V. Carotenoid composition and retinol equivalent in plants of nutritional and medicinal importance: Efficacy of β-carotene from Chenopodium album in retinol-deficient rats. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sangeetha RK, Bhaskar N, Divakar S, Baskaran V. Bioavailability and metabolism of fucoxanthin in rats: structural characterization of metabolites by LC-MS (APCI). Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 333:299-310. [PMID: 19701609 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study reports bioavailability and metabolism of fucoxanthin (FUCO) from brown algae Padina tetrastromatica in rats. Rats were divided into two groups (n = 25/group). Group one was fed basal diet (control) while the group two received retinol deficient diet (RD group) for 8 weeks. After confirmed RD in blood (0.53 micromol/l), rats were further sub-grouped (n = 5/sub group), intubated a dose of FUCO (0.83 micromol) and killed after 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. The plasma levels (area under curve/8 h) of FUCO (fucoxanthinol (FUOH) + amarouciaxanthin (AAx)) was 2.93 (RD group) and 2.74 pmol/dl (control), respectively. No newly formed retinol was detected in RD rats intubated with FUCO. Besides FUOH (m/z 617 (M+H)(+)) and AAx (m/z 617 (M+H(-))(+)), other deacetylated, hydrolyzed and demethylated metabolites of bearing molecular mass at m/z 600.6 (FUOH-H(2)O), m/z 597 (AAx-H(2)O), m/z 579 (AAx-2H(2)O+1), m/z 551 (AAx-2H(2)O-2CH(3)+2) and m/z 523 (AAx-2H(2)O-4CH(3)+4) were also detected in plasma and liver by LC-MS (APCI). Although biological functions of FUCO metabolites need thorough investigation, this is the first detailed report on FUCO metabolites in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Sangeetha
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, CSIR, Mysore, 570 020, India
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Comparative effects of β-carotene and fucoxanthin on retinol deficiency induced oxidative stress in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 331:59-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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