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Talukdar JR, Cooper M, Lyutvyn L, Zeraatkar D, Ali R, Berbrier R, Janes S, Ha V, Darling PB, Xue M, Chu A, Chowdhury F, Harnack HE, Huang L, Malik M, Powless J, Lavergne FV, Zhang X, Ehrlich S, Jenkins DJ, Sievenpiper JL, Banfield L, Mbuagbaw L, de Souza RJ. The effects of inulin-type fructans on cardiovascular disease risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:496-510. [PMID: 38309832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inulin-type fructans (ITF) are the leading prebiotics in the market. Available evidence provides conflicting results regarding the beneficial effects of ITF on cardiovascular disease risk factors. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ITF supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Emcare, AMED, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception through May 15, 2022. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) administered ITF or placebo (for example, control, foods, diets) to adults for ≥2 weeks and reported one or more of the following: low, very-low, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, VLDL-C, HDL-C); total cholesterol; apolipoprotein A1 or B; triglycerides; fasting blood glucose; body mass index; body weight; waist circumference; waist-to-hip ratio; systolic or diastolic blood pressure; or hemoglobin A1c. Two reviewers independently and in duplicate screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We pooled data using random-effects model, and assessed the certainty of evidence (CoE) using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. RESULTS We identified 1767 studies and included 55 RCTs with 2518 participants in meta-analyses. The pooled estimate showed that ITF supplementation reduced LDL-C [mean difference (MD) -0.14 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval (95% CI: -0.24, -0.05), 38 RCTs, 1879 participants, very low CoE], triglycerides (MD -0.06 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.12, -0.01, 40 RCTs, 1732 participants, low CoE), and body weight (MD -0.97 kg, 95% CI: -1.28, -0.66, 36 RCTs, 1672 participants, low CoE) but little to no significant effect on other cardiovascular disease risk factors. The effects were larger when study duration was ≥6 weeks and in pre-obese and obese participants. CONCLUSION ITF may reduce low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and body weight. However, due to low to very low CoE, further well-designed and executed trials are needed to confirm these effects. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019136745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhalok Ronjan Talukdar
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lyuba Lyutvyn
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dena Zeraatkar
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rahim Ali
- Faculty of Law, Common Law Section, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Berbrier
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Janes
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Ha
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Pauline B Darling
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mike Xue
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandro Chu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Fariha Chowdhury
- Department of Rehabilitation Science(s), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Hope E Harnack
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Louise Huang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mikail Malik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqui Powless
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Florence V Lavergne
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shelley Ehrlich
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - David Ja Jenkins
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Banfield
- Health Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Global Health Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Centre for Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPH), Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Global Health Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Adibi P, Esmaillzadeh A, Daghaghzadeh H, Hassanzadeh Keshteli A, Feizi A, Haghighatdoost F, Jafari M. Low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols diet is associated with increased risk of uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia and its symptoms in adults. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2023; 69:335-343. [PMID: 33971708 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the potential effects of a low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) diet on functional gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly upper gastrointestinal symptoms, is not clearly understood. The current study aimed to explore the association of a diet low in FODMAPs with uninvestigated chronic dyspepsia (UCD) and functional dyspeptic symptoms in a large population of Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2987 adults. Dietary FODMAPs intake estimated using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. UCD, early satiation, postprandial fullness and gastric pain were determined using a modified and validated version of the Rome III Questionnaire. RESULTS After controlling for various confounders, consumption of a diet low in FODMAPs was associated with increased risk of UCD in the whole population (OR=1.85; 95% CI: 1.23-2.78; P=0.009) and women (OR=2.41; 95% CI: 1.46-3.95; P=0.004), but not in men. Higher consumption of a low-FODMAPs diet was related to increased risk of postprandial fullness (OR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.08-1.78; P=0.046). The inverse association between FODMAPs and epigastric pain tended to be significant after controlling for eating behaviors (OR=1.31; 95% CI: 0.98-1.76; P=0.084). No significant association was observed for early satiation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that consumption of a low-FODMAPs diet may increase the risk of UCD and postprandial fullness; however, well-planned randomized controlled trials and prospective cohorts are required to ascertain the effect of FODMAPs on upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Department of Community Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Daghaghzadeh
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Awat Feizi
- School of Health, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafari
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran -
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Rauch CE, Mika AS, McCubbin AJ, Huschtscha Z, Costa RJS. Effect of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on gastrointestinal outcomes in healthy adults and active adults at rest and in response to exercise-A systematic literature review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1003620. [PMID: 36570133 PMCID: PMC9768503 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1003620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A systematic literature search was undertaken to assess the impact of pre-, pro-, and syn-biotic supplementation on measures of gastrointestinal status at rest and in response to acute exercise. Methods Six databases (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cinahl, SportsDISCUS, Web of Science, and Scopus) were used. Included were human research studies in healthy sedentary adults, and healthy active adults, involving supplementation and control or placebo groups. Sedentary individuals with non-communicable disease risk or established gastrointestinal inflammatory or functional diseases/disorders were excluded. Results A total of n = 1,204 participants were included from n = 37 papers reported resting outcomes, and n = 13 reported exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS) outcomes. No supplement improved gastrointestinal permeability or gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), and systemic endotoxemia at rest. Only modest positive changes in inflammatory cytokine profiles were observed in n = 3/15 studies at rest. Prebiotic studies (n = 4/5) reported significantly increased resting fecal Bifidobacteria, but no consistent differences in other microbes. Probiotic studies (n = 4/9) increased the supplemented bacterial species-strain. Only arabinoxylan oligosaccharide supplementation increased total fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and butyrate concentrations. In response to exercise, probiotics did not substantially influence epithelial injury and permeability, systemic endotoxin profile, or GIS. Two studies reported reduced systemic inflammatory cytokine responses to exercise. Probiotic supplementation did not substantially influence GIS during exercise. Discussion Synbiotic outcomes resembled probiotics, likely due to the minimal dose of prebiotic included. Methodological issues and high risk of bias were identified in several studies, using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. A major limitation in the majority of included studies was the lack of a comprehensive approach of well-validated biomarkers specific to gastrointestinal outcomes and many included studies featured small sample sizes. Prebiotic supplementation can influence gut microbial composition and SCFA concentration; whereas probiotics increase the supplemented species-strain, with minimal effect on SCFA, and no effect on any other gastrointestinal status marker at rest. Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation does not substantially reduce epithelial injury and permeability, systemic endotoxin and inflammatory cytokine profiles, or GIS in response to acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Rauch
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Alice S. Mika
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan J. McCubbin
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Zoya Huschtscha
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ricardo J. S. Costa
- Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Ricardo J. S. Costa
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4
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da Silva MVT, Nunes SS, Costa WC, Sanches SMD, Silveira ALM, Ferreira ARS, Filha RS, Correia MIT, das Graças Mota L, Generoso SDV. Acute intake of fructooligosaccharide and partially hydrolyzed guar gum on gastrointestinal transit: A randomized crossover clinical trial. Nutrition 2022; 102:111737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wijaya H, Tjahjono Y, Foe K, Setiadi DA, Kasih E, Wihadmadyatami H. Pre-meal high-performance inulin supplementation reduce post-prandial glycaemic response in healthy subjects: A repeated single-arm clinical trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102354. [PMID: 34920203 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High-performance (HP) inulin, a dietary fiber consists of more than 10 fructose polymers, have been shown to reduce post-prandial glycaemic response (PPGR) and could prevent the occurrence of Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, there are no data on whether pre-meal HP inulin supplementation could decrease PPGR. METHODS 8 healthy adults consumed 20 g of formula that contain 60.2% inulin (w/w) dissolved in water. Blood glucose was measured in fasted participants and at 30-120 min after starting to eat a prepared meal. This test was repeated every week with different supplement formulas. CONCLUSION pre-meal HP Inulin formula supplementation could suppress the post-prandial glycaemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendy Wijaya
- Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Jl. Kalisari Selatan No.1, Kalisari, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, 60112, Indonesia.
| | - Yudy Tjahjono
- Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Jl. Kalisari Selatan No.1, Kalisari, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, 60112, Indonesia
| | - Kuncoro Foe
- Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Jl. Kalisari Selatan No.1, Kalisari, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, 60112, Indonesia
| | - Diga Albrian Setiadi
- Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Jl. Kalisari Selatan No.1, Kalisari, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, 60112, Indonesia
| | - Elisabeth Kasih
- Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Jl. Kalisari Selatan No.1, Kalisari, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, 60112, Indonesia
| | - Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Fauna 2, Sleman, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Hughes RL, Alvarado DA, Swanson KS, Holscher HD. The Prebiotic Potential of Inulin-type Fructans: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:S2161-8313(22)00074-6. [PMID: 34555168 PMCID: PMC8970830 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin-type fructans (ITF), including short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), oligofructose, and inulin, are commonly used fibers that are widely regarded as prebiotic for their ability to be selectively utilized by the intestinal microbiota to confer a health benefit. However, the literature thus far lacks a thorough discussion of the evidence from human clinical trials for the prebiotic effect of ITF, including both effects on the intestinal microbiota composition as well as the intestinal and extraintestinal (e.g., glucose homeostasis, lipids, mineral absorption and bone health, appetite and satiety, inflammation and immune function, and body composition) benefits. Additionally, there is a lack of discussion regarding aspects such as the effect of ITF chain length on its intestinal and extraintestinal effects. The overall objective of this systematic review was to summarize the prebiotic potential of ITF based on the results of human clinical trials in healthy adult populations. Evidence from studies included in the current review suggest that ITF have a prebiotic effect on the intestinal microbiota, promoting the abundances of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Beneficial health effects reported following ITF intake include improved intestinal barrier function, improved laxation, increased insulin sensitivity, decreased triglycerides and an improved lipid profile, increased absorption of calcium and magnesium, and increased satiety. While there is some evidence for differing effects of ITF based on chain length, lack of direct comparisons and detailed descriptions of physicochemical properties limit the ability to draw conclusions from human clinical studies. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota mediates or modifies the effects of ITF on human health and the contribution of individual factors such as age and metabolic health to move towards personalization of prebiotic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley L Hughes
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - David A Alvarado
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA,Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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7
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Seifi N, Jafarzadeh Esfahani A, Sedaghat A, Rezvani R, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Nematy M, Safarian M. Effect of gut microbiota modulation on feeding tolerance of enterally fed critically ill adult patients: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2021; 10:95. [PMID: 33794994 PMCID: PMC8016507 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics on feeding tolerance of enterally fed critically ill adult patients. METHODS MEDLINE, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to November 2019. English language randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of pre, pro or synbiotics on the feeding tolerance of enterally fed critically ill adult patients were included. RESULTS Overall, 15 papers were selected for review. Among six studies reporting the energy intake, only two studies showed significantly higher energy intake in the prebiotic-receiving groups. Among four RCTs reporting frequency or time to achieve the target calorie, only one found a significant effect of probiotics to reduce the time to achieve a target dose of calorie. About the prevalence or duration of diarrhea, 7 out of 12 RCTs reported a beneficial effect. All but one study found no beneficial effects for gut microbiota manipulation on clinical endpoints including length of stay (LOS) in hospital and intensive care unit (ICU). CONCLUSION It should be noticed that the heterogeneity in study designs, product format, and ICU patient populations makes it difficult to draw any general conclusion. Overall, it seems that pre, pro, or synbiotics have no significant beneficial effect on feeding tolerance and clinical endpoints in critically ill adults, but they may reduce the prevalence or duration of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Seifi
- Department of Nutrition, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Jafarzadeh Esfahani
- Department of Nutrition, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Sedaghat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan
- Department of Community Medicine, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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8
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Martinez EE, Zurakowski D, Pereira L, Freire R, Emans JB, Nurko S, Duggan CP, Fasano A, Mehta NM. Interleukin-10 and Zonulin Are Associated With Postoperative Delayed Gastric Emptying in Critically Ill Surgical Pediatric Patients: A Prospective Pilot Study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020; 44:1407-1416. [PMID: 32386238 PMCID: PMC7754495 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Impaired gastric emptying (GE) is associated with morbidity in surgical critically ill children. The relationship between inflammation, gut barrier integrity (lipopolysaccharide binding protein [LBP]; zonulin), and GE has not been described in this cohort. Methods Children ≥2 years of age and requiring critical care after surgery were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative levels of serum cytokines, LBP, and zonulin, and GE by the acetaminophen absorption test, were measured, allowing patients to serve as their own controls. Postoperative delayed GE was defined as a decrease in GE by ≥20% compared with preoperative GE. The following were examined : comparison between postoperative andpreoperative values, correlations between fold change (postoperative/preoperative) in study variables, and fold change in study variables between patients with and without postoperative delayed GE. Results Twenty patients, median age 14 years (12.25, 18), 12 female, were included. Eight of 20 patients had postoperative delayed GE. Postoperative interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, IL‐10, and LBP were increased, and zonulin was decreased (P‐values < .05). Fold change in IL‐10 and zonulin were inversely correlated (ρ −0.618, P = .004). Patients with postoperative delayed GE had greater fold increase in IL‐10 (P = .0159) and fold decrease in zonulin (P = .0160). Five of 7 (71%) patients with both fold increase in IL‐10 and decrease in zonulin had delayed GE. Conclusion Postoperative changes in IL‐10 and zonulin were associated with delayed GE in surgical critically ill children, which might suggest a mechanism to for delayed GE in postoperative inflammation and gut barrier dysregulation after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enid E Martinez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luis Pereira
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel Freire
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John B Emans
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Orthopedic Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel Nurko
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher P Duggan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nilesh M Mehta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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9
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Prebiotics Inhibit Proteolysis by Gut Bacteria in a Host Diet-Dependent Manner: a Three-Stage Continuous In Vitro Gut Model Experiment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02730-19. [PMID: 32198169 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02730-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein residue can result in microbial generation of various toxic metabolites in the gut, such as ammonia. A prebiotic is "a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit" (G. R. Gibson, R. Hutkins, M. E. Sanders, S. L. Prescott, et al., Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:491-502, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75). Prebiotics are carbohydrates that may have the potential to reverse the harmful effects of gut bacterial protein fermentation. Three-stage continuous colonic model systems were inoculated with fecal samples from omnivore and vegetarian volunteers. Casein (equivalent to 105 g protein consumption per day) was used within the systems as a protein source. Two different doses of inulin-type fructans (Synergy1) were later added (equivalent to 10 g per day in vivo and 15 g per day) to assess whether this influenced protein fermentation. Bacteria were enumerated by fluorescence in situ hybridization with flow cytometry. Metabolites from bacterial fermentation (short-chain fatty acid [SCFA], ammonia, phenol, indole, and p-cresol) were monitored to further analyze proteolysis and the prebiotic effect. A significantly higher number of bifidobacteria was observed with the addition of inulin together with reduction of Desulfovibrio spp. Furthermore, metabolites from protein fermentation, such as branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia, were significantly lowered with Synergy1. Production of p-cresol varied among donors, as we recognized four high producing models and two low producing models. Prebiotic addition reduced its production only in vegetarian high p-cresol producers.IMPORTANCE Dietary protein levels are generally higher in Western populations than in the world average. We challenged three-stage continuous colonic model systems containing high protein levels and confirmed the production of potentially harmful metabolites from proteolysis, especially replicates of the transverse and distal colon. Fermentations of proteins with a prebiotic supplementation resulted in a change in the human gut microbiota and inhibited the production of some proteolytic metabolites. Moreover, we observed both bacterial and metabolic differences between fecal bacteria from omnivore donors and vegetarian donors. Proteins with prebiotic supplementation showed higher Bacteroides spp. and inhibited Clostridium cluster IX in omnivore models, while in vegetarian modes, Clostridium cluster IX was higher and Bacteroides spp. lower with high protein plus prebiotic supplementation. Synergy1 addition inhibited p-cresol production in vegetarian high p-cresol-producing models while the inhibitory effect was not seen in omnivore models.
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Cai X, Yu H, Liu L, Lu T, Li J, Ji Y, Le Z, Bao L, Ma W, Xiao R, Yang Y. Milk Powder Co-Supplemented with Inulin and Resistant Dextrin Improves Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800865. [PMID: 30346655 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects of milk powder co-supplemented with inulin and resistant dextrin (MPCIR) on elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial is carried out among elderly T2DM patients. The subjects recruited from the community are randomly assigned to either the MPCIR group or placebo group for 12 weeks intervention. Each group receives 45 g milk powder with or without inulin and resistant dextrin. Anthropometric and metabolic variables are measured. For the MPCIR group, systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP are reduced significantly by 5.45 and 4.56 mm Hg (p < 0.001, vs placebo group), respectively. Compared with the placebo group, the fasting and 2-h postprandial plasma glucose levels, glycosylated serum protein, and insulin resistance index of the MPCIR group are significantly decreased by 0.96 mmol L-1 , 1.47 mmol L-1 , 16.33 μmol L-1 , and 0.65 respectively (p < 0.001). The MPCIR group shows an increase by 7.09 μIU mL-1 and 20.43 in 2-h postprandial insulin (p = 0.016) and β-cell function index (p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION MPCIR supplementation helps to improve glycemic control, insulin resistance, and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Cai
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Huanling Yu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Lan Liu
- Beijing Dietetic Association, Beijing, 100000, P. R. China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Nutrition, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China
| | - Jingjie Li
- Wang SiYing Community Health Service Center, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
| | - Yacheng Ji
- Wang SiYing Community Health Service Center, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyin Le
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Lei Bao
- Nutrition Department, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
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Radicioni M, Koirala R, Fiore W, Leuratti C, Guglielmetti S, Arioli S. Survival of L. casei DG ® (Lactobacillus paracasei CNCMI1572) in the gastrointestinal tract of a healthy paediatric population. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:3161-3170. [PMID: 30498868 PMCID: PMC6842349 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Ability to survive the digestive process is a major factor in determining the effectiveness of a probiotic. In this study, the ability of the probiotic L. casei DG® (Lactobacillus paracasei CNCMI1572) to survive gastrointestinal transit in healthy children was investigated for the first time. Methods Twenty children aged 3–12 years received L. casei DG® as drinkable solution of 1 × 109 colony forming units (CFU), once daily for 7 consecutive days. Recovery in faecal samples was evaluated at baseline and at different time-points during and after administration. Defecation frequency, faeces consistency, digestive function and product safety were also assessed. Results Nineteen (95%) of the 20 enrolled children presented viable L. casei DG® cells in their faeces at least once during the study, with a maximum count (mean 4.3 log10 CFU/g ± 2.3) reached between day 4 and 6 from the beginning of consumption. Notably, for 11 (57.9%) of the 19 children with viable cells, L. casei DG® survived in faecal samples up to 3 days after treatment end. Defecation frequency, faeces consistency and digestive function did not change considerably during or after study treatment. Safety of the study product was very good. Conclusions This study showed for the first time that L. casei DG® survives the gastrointestinal transit when ingested by children with a paediatric probiotic drinkable solution containing 1 × 109 CFU, and persists in the gut up to 3 days after the end of product intake, demonstrating resistance to gastric juices, hydrolytic enzymes and bile acids. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-018-1860-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milko Radicioni
- CROSS Research S.A., via F.A. Giorgioli 14, 6864, Arzo, Switzerland.
| | - Ranjan Koirala
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Fiore
- SOFAR SpA, 20060, Milan, Trezzano Rosa, Italy.,Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Leuratti
- CROSS Research S.A., via F.A. Giorgioli 14, 6864, Arzo, Switzerland
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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12
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van der Beek CM, Canfora EE, Kip AM, Gorissen SHM, Olde Damink SWM, van Eijk HM, Holst JJ, Blaak EE, Dejong CHC, Lenaerts K. The prebiotic inulin improves substrate metabolism and promotes short-chain fatty acid production in overweight to obese men. Metabolism 2018; 87:25-35. [PMID: 29953876 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Human gut microbiota play an important role in maintaining human health. Dietary fibers, i.e. prebiotics, are fermented by human gut microbiota into the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate. SCFAs promote fat oxidation and improve metabolic health. Therefore, the prebiotic inulin might be an effective dietary strategy to improve human metabolism. We aimed to investigate the acute metabolic effects of ingesting inulin compared with digestible carbohydrates and to trace inulin-derived SCFAs using stable isotope tracer methodology. METHODS In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design, 14 healthy, overweight to obese men consumed a high-fat milkshake containing A) 24 g inulin of which 0.5 g was U-13C-inulin (INU) or B) 24 g maltodextrin placebo (PLA), with a wash-out period of at least five days. Fat oxidation was measured via an open-circuit ventilated hood and blood samples were collected up to 7 h after ingestion. Plasma, breath, and fecal samples were collected, and appetite and satiety scores were assessed. RESULTS Fat oxidation increased in the early postprandial phase (0-3 h), and both plasma glucose and insulin were lower after INU ingestion compared with PLA (all P < 0.05). Plasma free fatty acids were higher in the early, and lower in the late postprandial period after INU ingestion. Inulin was fermented into SCFAs as indicated by higher plasma acetate concentrations after INU compared with PLA (P < 0.05). In addition, we found continuous increases in plasma 13C-SCFA enrichments (P < 0.05 from t = 120 onwards) and breath 13CO2 enrichments after INU intake. There were no effects on plasma triglycerides, free glycerol, satiety hormones GLP-1 and PYY, and appetite and satiety scores. CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of the prebiotic inulin improves fat oxidation and promotes SCFA production in overweight to obese men. Overall, replacing digestible carbohydrates with the fermentable inulin may favor human substrate metabolism. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov under number NCT02009670.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M van der Beek
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Emanuel E Canfora
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anna M Kip
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Stefan H M Gorissen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.
| | - Hans M van Eijk
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jens J Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis H C Dejong
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kaatje Lenaerts
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Huang M, Li J, Ha MA, Riccardi G, Liu S. A systematic review on the relations between pasta consumption and cardio-metabolic risk factors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:939-948. [PMID: 28954707 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The traditional Italian dish pasta is a major food source of starch with low glycemic index (GI) and an important low-GI component of the Mediterranean diet. This systematic review aimed at assessing comprehensively and in-depth the potential benefit of pasta on cardio-metabolic disease risk factors. DATA SYNTHESIS Following a standard protocol, we conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled dietary intervention trials that examined pasta and pasta-related fiber and grain intake in relation to cardio-metabolic risk factors of interest. Studies comparing postprandial glucose response to pasta with that to bread or potato were quantitatively summarized using meta-analysis of standardized mean difference. Evidence from studies with pasta as part of low-GI dietary intervention and studies investigating different types of pasta were qualitatively summarized. CONCLUSIONS Pasta meals have significantly lower postprandial glucose response than bread or potato meals, but evidence was lacking in terms of how the intake of pasta can influence cardio-metabolic disease risk. More long-term randomized controlled trials are needed where investigators directly contrast the cardio-metabolic effects of pasta and bread or potato. Long-term prospective cohort studies with required data available should also be analyzed regarding the effect of pasta intake on disease endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - J Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - M-A Ha
- Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Riccardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - S Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
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14
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Gastric Activity and Gut Peptides in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia: Postprandial Distress Syndrome Versus Epigastric Pain Syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 51:136-144. [PMID: 27092429 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
GOALS The goals of the study were to investigate in both postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) and epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) the gastric electrical activity and the gastric emptying (GE) time together with the circulating concentrations of motilin, somatostatin, corticotrophin-releasing factor, and neurotensin, and to establish whether the genetic variability in the neurotensin system genes differs between these 2 categories of functional dyspepsia (FD). BACKGROUND The current FD classification is based on symptoms and it has been proven not to be completely satisfying because of a high degree of symptom overlap between subgroups. STUDY Gastric electrical activity was evaluated by cutaneous electrogastrography: the GE time by C-octanoic acid breast test. Circulating concentrations of gut peptides were measured by a radioimmunoassay. NTS 479 A/G and NTSR1 rs6090453 SNPs were evaluated by PCR and endonuclease digestion. RESULTS Fifty-four FD patients (50 female/4 male) were studied. Using a symptom questionnaire, 42 patients were classified as PDS and 12 as EPS, although an overlap between the symptom profiles of the 2 subgroups was recorded. The electrogastrographic parameters (the postprandial instability coefficient of dominant frequency, the dominant power, and the power ratio) were significantly different between the subgroups, whereas the GE time did not differ significantly. In addition, EPS was characterized by a different gut peptide profile compared with PDS. Finally, neurotensin polymorphism was shown to be associated with neurotensin levels. This evidence deserves further studies in consideration of an analgesic role of neurotensin. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of gut peptide profiles could represent an interesting tool to enhance FD diagnosis and overcome limitations due to a distinction based solely on symptoms.
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15
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Wang R, Chen S, Jin J, Ren F, Li Y, Qiao Z, Wang Y, Zhao L. Survival of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in the intestines of healthy Chinese adults. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 59:268-76. [PMID: 25707300 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) is a widely used probiotic strain with health benefits. In this study, the survival of LcS in the intestines of healthy Chinese adults was assessed and the effects of LcS on stool consistency, stool SCFAs and intestinal microbiota evaluated. Subjects consumed 100 mL per day of a probiotic beverage containing 1.0 × 10(8) CFU/mL of LcS for 14 days. LcS were enumerated using a culture method and the colony identity confirmed by ELISA. Fourteen days after ingestion, the amount of LcS recovered from fecal samples was between 6.86 ± 0.80 and 7.17 ± 0.57 Log10 CFU/g of feces (mean ± SD). The intestinal microbiotas were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Principal component analysis showed that consuming LcS significantly changed fecal microbiota profiles. According to redundancy analysis, the amounts of 25 bacterial strains were significantly correlated with LcS intake (P < 0.05), 11 of them positively and fourteen negatively. Concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid in feces were significantly lower during the ingestion period than during the baseline period (P < 0.05). These results confirm that LcS can survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract of Chinese people; however, they were found to have little ability to persist once their consumption had ceased. Furthermore, consumption of probiotic beverages containing LcS can modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota on a long-term basis, resulting in decreased concentrations of SCFAs in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083
| | - Shanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083
| | - Junhua Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhenxing Qiao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083
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Eight-day consumption of inulin added to a yogurt breakfast lowers postprandial appetite ratings but not energy intakes in young healthy females: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2015; 115:262-70. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIncreasing feelings of satiety may reduce appetite and energy intake. The role of inulin consumption in impacting satiety is unclear. A randomised double-blind controlled crossover trial aimed to determine the effects of inulin+yogurt on satiety after 1 and 8-d consumption. The preload breakfast included 100 g vanilla yogurt with (yogurt-inulin (YI)) and without (yogurt-control (YC)) 6 g inulin. A total of nineteen healthy females (22·8 (sd 2·7) years) with non-restrained eating behaviour and taking hormonal contraceptives participated in the study. Day 1 and 8 visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings of Hunger, Fullness, Desire to Eat and Prospective Food Consumption (PFC) were collected at fasting and every 30 min for 180 min. Energy intake was calculated from a weighed ad libitum lunch and remainder of day food records. Total AUC was calculated for each VAS. Day 1 (VAS only) and 8 (VAS and energy intakes) data were compared between YI and YC using ANCOVA, and ANOVA was used to compare energy intakes on Day 1. There were no significant differences between Day 1 YI and YC AUC appetite ratings or energy intakes. However, 8-d consumption of YI v. YC was associated with lower Desire to Eat and PFC ratings but similar lunch and total day energy intakes. Therefore, the addition of 6 g inulin to a commercially available yogurt affected feelings of appetite, but not energy intake, after repeated consumption. These results suggest that inulin may be a suitable ingredient to increase dietary fibre consumption, with potential to impact appetite.
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17
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Gullón P, Gullón B, Tavaria F, Vasconcelos M, Gomes AM. In vitro fermentation of lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) and broad beans (Vicia faba): dynamic modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolomic output. Food Funct 2015; 6:3316-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00675a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Broad beans (Vicia faba) and lupin seeds (Lupinus albus) are legumes rich in a wide range of compounds, which may represent a useful dietary approach for modulating the human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gullón
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto
- 4202-401 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto
- 4202-401 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Freni Tavaria
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto
- 4202-401 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Marta Vasconcelos
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto
- 4202-401 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Gomes
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto
- 4202-401 Porto
- Portugal
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Noormohammadpour P, Ansari M, Mansournia MA, Rostami M, Nourian R, Kordi R. Reversal time of postprandial changes of the thickness of abdominal muscles employing ultrasound measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:194-9. [PMID: 25267594 DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low thickness of Transversus Abdominis, Internal Oblique and External Oblique muscles may play a role in development of low back pain. Ultrasonography is increasingly utilized to measure the thickness of these muscles. Prandial state has recently been proposed as a confounding factor in such measurements. We aimed to compare the reversal time of the postprandial thickness of these muscles with preprandial values. The measurement errors of ultrasonographic values were also assessed in both immediate preprandial and postprandial states. DESIGN Interventional cross-sectional study. METHODS The ultrasonographic thickness of lateral abdominal muscles was measured at rest and during abdominal drawing-in maneuver in 20 healthy participants before and after consumption of a specific meal. Postprandial ultrasound measurements continued every 15 min until their thickness reached 95% of their preprandial values. RESULTS There was a statistically significant reduction in postprandial thickness of these muscles (all p-values <0.001 on both sides). The reversal times were 1.5, 1.3 and 1.2 h for Transversus Abdominis, Internal Oblique, and External Oblique muscles, respectively. Standard Error of Measurement and Smallest Detectable Change were in the range of 0.007-0.013 mm and 0.020-0.035 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS To limit the effects of prandial state on the sonographic thickness of lateral abdominal muscles, we recommend measuring these values at least 1.5-2 h after food consumption. For the future studies, controlling the participants according to their prandial state is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Noormohammadpour
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 7, Al-e Ahmad St., Tehran, Iran; Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Bagher Khan St., Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Ansari
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 7, Al-e Ahmad St., Tehran, Iran; Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Hospital, 17th St., Khodaverdi St., Niavaran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Shanzdah-e Azar St., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rostami
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 7, Al-e Ahmad St., Tehran, Iran; Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Hospital, 17th St., Khodaverdi St., Niavaran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Nourian
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 7, Al-e Ahmad St., Tehran, Iran; Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Hospital, 17th St., Khodaverdi St., Niavaran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Kordi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No 7, Al-e Ahmad St., Tehran, Iran; Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Hospital, 17th St., Khodaverdi St., Niavaran, Tehran, Iran.
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Metabolic benefits of dietary prebiotics in human subjects: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:1147-61. [PMID: 24230488 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513003607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex relationships exist between the gut microflora and their human hosts. Emerging evidence suggests that bacterial dysbiosis within the colon may be involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and CVD. The use of dietary prebiotic supplements to restore an optimal balance of intestinal flora may positively affect host metabolism, representing a potential treatment strategy for individuals with cardiometabolic disorders. The present review aimed to examine the current evidence supporting that dietary prebiotic supplementation in adults has beneficial effects on biochemical parameters associated with the development of metabolic abnormalities including obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia, hepatic steatosis and low-grade chronic inflammation. Between January 2000 and September 2013, eight computer databases were searched for randomised controlled trials published in English. Human trials were included if at least one group received a dietary prebiotic intervention. In the present review, twenty-six randomised controlled trials involving 831 participants were included. Evidence indicated that dietary prebiotic supplementation increased self-reported feelings of satiety in healthy adults (standardised mean difference -0.57, 95% CI -1.13, -0.01). Prebiotic supplementation also significantly reduced postprandial glucose (-0.76, 95% CI -1.41, -0.12) and insulin (-0.77, 95% CI -1.50, -0.04) concentrations. The effects of dietary prebiotics on total energy intake, body weight, peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations, gastric emptying times, insulin sensitivity, lipids, inflammatory markers and immune function were contradictory. Dietary prebiotic consumption was found to be associated with subjective improvements in satiety and reductions in postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. Additional evidence is required before recommending prebiotic supplements to individuals with metabolic abnormalities. Large-scale trials of longer duration evaluating gut microbial growth and activity are required.
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Lactobacillus plantarum passage through an oro-gastro-intestinal tract simulator: Carrier matrix effect and transcriptional analysis of genes associated to stress and probiosis. Microbiol Res 2013; 168:351-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Schroeder VA, Mattioli LF, Kilkenny TA, Belmont JM. Effects of Lactose-Containing vs Lactose-Free Infant Formula on Postprandial Superior Mesenteric Artery Flow in Term Infants. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2013; 38:236-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607113478442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A. Schroeder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Leone F. Mattioli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Teresa A. Kilkenny
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - John M. Belmont
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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22
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Casiraghi MC, Pagani MA, Erba D, Marti A, Cecchini C, D'Egidio MG. Quality and nutritional properties of pasta products enriched with immature wheat grain. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:544-50. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.766152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Russo F, Linsalata M, Clemente C, Chiloiro M, Orlando A, Marconi E, Chimienti G, Riezzo G. Inulin-enriched pasta improves intestinal permeability and modifies the circulating levels of zonulin and glucagon-like peptide 2 in healthy young volunteers. Nutr Res 2012; 32:940-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Maccaferri S, Klinder A, Cacciatore S, Chitarrari R, Honda H, Luchinat C, Bertini I, Carnevali P, Gibson GR, Brigidi P, Costabile A. In vitro fermentation of potential prebiotic flours from natural sources: Impact on the human colonic microbiota and metabolome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1342-52. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Maccaferri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Annett Klinder
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; The University of Reading; Reading UK
| | | | - Roberto Chitarrari
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; The University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - Harue Honda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; The University of Reading; Reading UK
| | | | | | - Paola Carnevali
- R&D Food Microbiology & Bioprocess Research Department; Barilla G&R F.lli SpA; Parma Italy
| | - Glenn R. Gibson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; The University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Adele Costabile
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences; The University of Reading; Reading UK
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25
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Guo Z, Liu XM, Zhang QX, Tian FW, Zhang H, Zhang HP, Chen W. Effects of inulin on the plasma lipid profile of normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic subjects: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.12.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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26
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Abstract
The gold standard technique for measuring gastric emptying is scintigraphy using radiolabeled test meals. Recently, a standardized radiolabeled solid meal has been proposed and adopted by many centers. There is still a need for alternative meals, and several such meals with demonstrated radiolabel stability have been evaluated in small numbers of subjects. Updated radiation dosimetry associated with these meals has been calculated for adult males and adult females with normal gastrointestinal transit as well as transit abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Knight
- Department of Radiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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