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Asbaghi O, Shimi G, Hosseini Oskouie F, Naseri K, Bagheri R, Ashtary-Larky D, Nordvall M, Rastgoo S, Zamani M, Wong A. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on anthropometrics and body composition indices in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:406-428. [PMID: 37671495 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Prior meta-analytic investigations over a decade ago rather inconclusively indicated that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation could improve anthropometric and body composition indices in the general adult population. More recent investigations have emerged, and an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic must be improved. Therefore, this investigation provides a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) on the impact of CLA supplementation on anthropometric and body composition (body mass (BM), BMI, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BFP) and fat-free mass (FFM)) markers in adults. Online databases search, including PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science up to March 2022, were utilised to retrieve RCT examining the effect of CLA supplementation on anthropometric and body composition markers in adults. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model. The I2 index was used as an index of statistical heterogeneity of RCT. Among the initial 8351 studies identified from electronic databases search, seventy RCT with ninety-six effect sizes involving 4159 participants were included for data analyses. The results of random-effects modelling demonstrated that CLA supplementation significantly reduced BM (weighted mean difference (WMD): -0·35, 95 % CI (-0·54, -0·15), P < 0·001), BMI (WMD: -0·15, 95 % CI (-0·24, -0·06), P = 0·001), WC (WMD: -0·62, 95% CI (-1·04, -0·20), P = 0·004), FM (WMD: -0·44, 95 % CI (-0·66, -0·23), P < 0·001), BFP (WMD: -0·77 %, 95 % CI (-1·09, -0·45), P < 0·001) and increased FFM (WMD: 0·27, 95 % CI (0·09, 0·45), P = 0·003). The high-quality subgroup showed that CLA supplementation fails to change FM and BFP. However, according to high-quality studies, CLA intake resulted in small but significant increases in FFM and decreases in BM and BMI. This meta-analysis study suggests that CLA supplementation may result in a small but significant improvement in anthropometric and body composition markers in an adult population. However, data from high-quality studies failed to show CLA's body fat-lowering properties. Moreover, it should be noted that the weight-loss properties of CLA were small and may not reach clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Shimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hosseini Oskouie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Naseri
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Michael Nordvall
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Samira Rastgoo
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zamani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
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2
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Badawy S, Liu Y, Guo M, Liu Z, Xie C, Marawan MA, Ares I, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Maximiliano JE, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a functional food: Is it beneficial or not? Food Res Int 2023; 172:113158. [PMID: 37689911 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has attracted great attention in recent years as a popular class of functional food that is broadly used. It refers to a group of geometric and positional isomers of linoleic acid (LA) with a conjugated double bond. The main natural sources of CLA are dairy products, beef and lamb, whereas only trace amounts occur naturally in plant lipids. CLA has been shown to improve various health issues, having effects on obesity, inflammatory, anti-carcinogenicity, atherogenicity, immunomodulation, and osteosynthesis. Also, compared to studies on humans, many animal researches reveal more positive benefits on health. CLA represents a nutritional avenue to improve lifestyle diseases and metabolic syndrome. Most of these effects are attributed to the two major CLA isomers [conjugated linoleic acid cis-9,trans-11 isomer (c9,t11), and conjugated linoleic acid trans-10,cis-12 isomer (t10,c12)], and their mixture (CLA mix). In contrast, adverse effects of CLA have been also reported, such as glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and induction of colon carcinogenesis in humans, as well as milk fat inhibition in ruminants, lowering chicken productivity, influencing egg quality and altering growth performance in fish. This review article aims to discuss the health benefits of CLA as a nutraceutical supplement and highlight the possible mechanisms of action that may contribute to its outcome. It also outlines the feasible adverse effects of CLA besides summarizing the recent peer-reviewed publications on CLA to ensure its efficacy and safety for proper application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Badawy
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Pathology Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Yanan Liu
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Changqing Xie
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Marawan A Marawan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Putera HD, Doewes RI, Shalaby MN, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Clayton ZS, Abdelbasset WK, Murtazaev SS, Jalil AT, Rahimi P, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Malekahmadi M, Pahlavani N. The effect of conjugated linoleic acids on inflammation, oxidative stress, body composition and physical performance: a comprehensive review of putative molecular mechanisms. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:35. [PMID: 37644566 PMCID: PMC10466845 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are polyunsaturated fatty acids primarily found in dairy products and ruminant animal products such as beef, lamb, and butter. Supplementation of CLAs has recently become popular among athletes due to the variety of health-promoting effects, including improvements in physical performance. Preclinical and some clinical studies have shown that CLAs can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress and favorably modulate body composition and physical performance; however, the results of previously published clinical trials are mixed. Here, we performed a comprehensive review of previously published clinical trials that assessed the role of CLAs in modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, body composition, and select indices of physical performance, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms governing these changes. The findings of our review demonstrate that the effect of supplementation with CLAs on inflammation and oxidative stress is controversial, but this supplement can decrease body fat mass and increase physical performance. Future well-designed randomized clinical trials are warranted to determine the effectiveness of (1) specific doses of CLAs; (2) different dosing durations of CLAs; (3) various CLA isomers, and the exact molecular mechanisms by which CLAs positively influence oxidative stress, inflammation, body composition, and physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husna Dharma Putera
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Rumi Iqbal Doewes
- Faculty of Sport, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami, 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues, Ecuador
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Saidmurodkhon S Murtazaev
- Department of Therapeutic Pediatric Dentistry, Dean of the Faculty of International Education, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Samarkand State Medical University, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Pegah Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat-e Heydariyeh, Iran.
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Liang CW, Cheng HY, Lee YH, Liou TH, Liao CD, Huang SW. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid and exercise on body composition and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:397-415. [PMID: 36048508 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to have anti-obesity and antidiabetic effects. However, the benefits of CLA combined with exercise remain unclear, and studies report conflicting results. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate the synergistic effect of CLA and exercise on body composition, exercise-related indices, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles; and of the safety of CLA supplements. DATA SOURCES In October 2021, the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for reports on clinical trials of the combined intervention of CLA and exercise. DATA EXTRACTION A total of 18 randomized controlled trials and 2 crossover trials were included. The methodological quality assessment was performed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Pooled effect sizes were reported as standardized mean difference (SMD) for continuous data and risk ratio for dichotomous data with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was tested using the I2 statistic. DATA ANALYSIS The combination of CLA and exercise resulted in significantly decreased body fat (SMD, -0.42 [95%CI, -0.70, -0.14]; P = 0.003; I2 = 65) and insulin resistance (SMD, -0.25 [95%CI, -0.44, -0.06]; P = 0.01; I2 = 0) than did exercise alone. In subgroup analysis, the following factors were associated with significant outcomes: (1) body mass index ≥25 kg/m2; (2) female sex; (3) follow-up time >4 weeks; and (4) intervention duration >4 weeks. Nevertheless, supplementation with CLA during exercise programs was not effective for body-weight control, exercise performance enhancement, or lipid-profile improvement. CLA in combination with exercise did not result in a higher risk of adverse events (risk ratio, 1.32 [95%CI, 0.94-1.84]; P > 0.05; I2 = 0). CONCLUSION CLA combined with exercise is generally safe and can lower body fat and insulin resistance but does not reduce body weight, enhance exercise performance, or improve lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Liang
- are with the School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yi Cheng
- are with the School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Lee
- are with the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,are with the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Hon Liou
- are with the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,are with the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-De Liao
- are with the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,is with the Master Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- are with the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,are with the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Márquez-Ruiz G, Velasco J, Holgado F. Major dietary lipids in nutrition and health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023. [PMID: 37516462 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, an overview of the major lipids in the diet with emphasis in nutritional aspects is provided. Triacylglycerols, i.e., glycerol esterified with three fatty acids, are the predominant constituents in dietary lipids. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the nature and nutritional significance of the main fatty acids in the diet and their possible modifications during food processing and commercialization. The main fatty acids in dietary lipids are grouped into saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutritional implications, the latest intervention trials and health recommendations will be discussed. A brief description of the major sources of lipids in the diet is included, oils and fats standing out. Other food sources shortly commented are milk and dairy products, meat, poultry and eggs, fish, and structured lipids designed to improve functional and nutritional properties. Modifications of fatty acids as a result of processing and commercialization are discussed because of their great relevance for their health implications, especially oxidation compounds and trans fatty acids.
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Safari Hasanabad M, Ghorbanlou M, Masoumi R, Shokri S, Rostami B, Mirzaei-Alamouti H, Catt S, Green MP, Nejatbakhsh R. Effects of dietary supplementation of different oils and conjugated linoleic acid on the reproductive and metabolic aspects of male mice. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14598. [PMID: 36161725 DOI: 10.1111/and.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to examine first, if diets enriched with 320 g of the base diet with common dietary oils including fish oil, olive oil, hydrogenated sunflower seed (H-SFS) oil, flaxseed oil and sunflower seed oil (SFS) could induce weight gain and alter reproductive and metabolic characteristics of male mice. Second, whether the addition of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA, 10% of the diet) could ameliorate any negative effects. In this cross-sectional study, 90 four-week-old male NMRI mice were used in two consecutive experiments. A high level of dietary oils negatively affected some reproductive and metabolic characteristics of male mice (p < 0.05), specifically, sunflower seed oil enrichment resulted in higher HDL levels and apoptosis of germinal epithelial cells. An olive oil-enriched diet caused an increase in plasma triglyceride concentrations and germinal cell apoptosis, as well as a decrease in sperm concentration and perturbed spermatogenesis. When CLA was fed in conjunction with dietary oils it successfully mitigated some of the negative reproductive and metabolic characteristics. We conclude that male reproductive processes are affected by high dietary oils, even before signs of obesity are evident. Inclusion of dietary CLA may provide some benefit to offset negative effects, although further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Ghorbanlou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Masoumi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeed Shokri
- School of Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Behnam Rostami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Sally Catt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark P Green
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reza Nejatbakhsh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Targeting skeletal muscle mitochondrial health in obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1081-1110. [PMID: 35892309 PMCID: PMC9334731 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic demands of skeletal muscle are substantial and are characterized normally as highly flexible and with a large dynamic range. Skeletal muscle composition (e.g., fiber type and mitochondrial content) and metabolism (e.g., capacity to switch between fatty acid and glucose substrates) are altered in obesity, with some changes proceeding and some following the development of the disease. Nonetheless, there are marked interindividual differences in skeletal muscle composition and metabolism in obesity, some of which have been associated with obesity risk and weight loss capacity. In this review, we discuss related molecular mechanisms and how current and novel treatment strategies may enhance weight loss capacity, particularly in diet-resistant obesity.
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Özyürek FB, Özer CO, Demir Özer E. The Effects of Temperature and Time Parameters at Sous Vide Cooking on Quality Characteristics of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Enriched Beef Meatballs. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2086091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Beyza Özyürek
- Department of Food Engineering, Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Cem Okan Özer
- Department of Food Engineering, Nevsehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Demir Özer
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Cappadocia University, Nevsehir, Turkey
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9
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Tondt J, Bays HE. Concomitant medications, functional foods, and supplements: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 2:100017. [PMID: 37990714 PMCID: PMC10661915 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) is intended to provide clinicians an overview of the body weight effects of concomitant medications (i.e., pharmacotherapies not specifically for the treatment of obesity) and functional foods, as well as adverse side effects of supplements sometimes used by patients with pre-obesity/obesity. Methods The scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results This CPS outlines clinically relevant aspects of concomitant medications, functional foods, and many of the more common supplements as they relate to pre-obesity and obesity. Topics include a discussion of medications that may be associated with weight gain or loss, functional foods as they relate to obesity, and side effects of supplements (i.e., with a focus on supplements taken for weight loss). Special attention is given to the warnings and lack of regulation surrounding weight loss supplements. Conclusions This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on concomitant medications, functional foods, and supplements is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of pre-obesity/obesity. Implementation of appropriate practices in these areas may improve the health of patients, especially those with adverse fat mass and adiposopathic metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
| | - Harold Edward Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288 Illinois Avenue, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
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10
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Bussicott J, Patel R, Pellow J, Razlog RK. Use and perceived effectiveness of complementary medicines for weight loss in adult women. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2042923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Bussicott
- Department of Complementary Medicine, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - R Patel
- Department of Complementary Medicine, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - J Pellow
- Department of Complementary Medicine, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - RK Razlog
- Department of Complementary Medicine, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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11
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Li Y, Shen H, Li Y, Bi M, Bi Y, Che X, Tian S, Liu Y. Sex-Specific Differences in the Associations Between Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese People. Front Nutr 2021; 8:739850. [PMID: 34746208 PMCID: PMC8568790 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.739850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Some evidence indicates a potential beneficial effect of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the findings to date remains inconclusive and little is known about whether sex modifies these associations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate potential sex-specific differences in this associations among Chinese adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in an area of Dalian city, China; Chinese men and women who attended the Department of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism between January and December 2020 were invited to participate in this study. All participants were assessed for basic demographic characteristics, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and other serum biomarkers and serum phospholipid FAs. Results: In total, 575 Chinese adult participants (270 men and 305 women) were included in the analysis. Hypertension and dyslipidaemia were more common among men than women, but there were no significant differences between the sexes in fatty acid composition, except for eicosadienoic acid (EA; 20:2n-6) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The age-adjusted OR for having T2DM in the highest quartile of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) level was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.22, 0.98) in men, and this association remained consistently significant in the fully adjusted multivariate models. In contrast, no significant associations between n-6 PUFAs and T2DM risk were observed in women, regardless of model adjustment. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results demonstrate a notable sex-specific differences in the associations between n-6 PUFAs and T2DM. Higher n-6 PUFA status may be protective against the risk of T2DM in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yike Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Mei Bi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanhong Bi
- Department of Research, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Che
- Department of Research, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Simiao Tian
- Department of Research, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yazhuo Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
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12
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Aydın B, Güler Şahin C, Şekeroğlu V, Atlı Şekeroğlu Z. Conjugated linoleic acid protects brain mitochondrial function in acrolein induced male rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:674-679. [PMID: 34238125 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1952673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein (AC) is a toxic substance that can have a neurotoxic effect. It can cause oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a dietary supplement, has many biological functions. Limited information is available about the effect of CLA on AC-induced brain toxicity. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of CLA on mitochondrial oxidative stress, respiratory enzymes, krebs cycle enzymes and ATP levels in AC treated rat brain. Sprague Dawley male rats were given AC (5 mg/kg i.p.), CLA (200 mg/kg orally) and CLA with AC for six days per week for 30 days. Some oxidative stress parameters and mitochondrial enzymes such as manganese super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), malate dehydrogenase, reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LP), protein carbonyl (PC), oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) enzymes, and ATP levels were determined. AC significantly decreased the activities of GSH, antioxidant enzymes, OXPHOS enzymes (complex I and IV), TCA enzymes (ICDH and α-KGDH) and ATP levels. Significant increases were also observed in mitochondrial LP and PC levels in AC group. Co-treatment with AC + CLA improved oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by AC. As a result of our findings, it was observed that CLA was effective in improving oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial functions in brain tissue by the effect of AC. Considering the association between neurodegenerative diseases and mitochondrial dysfunction, CLA can play a role in the prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Cansu Güler Şahin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Vedat Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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13
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Li H, Zhuang P, Zhang Y, Shou Q, Lu Y, Wang G, Qiu J, Wang J, He L, Chen J, Jiao J. Mixed conjugated linoleic acid sex-dependently reverses high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance via the gut-adipose axis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21466. [PMID: 33734496 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002161rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may prevent the development of obesity and metabolic disorders. However, the effects of CLA on inflammation and glucose metabolism are controversial. The underlying mechanisms governing the gut microbiota and sexual dimorphisms have also not been elucidated. The present study assessed the effect of CLA on glucose and lipid metabolism in established obesity and examined the mechanism of action based on gut microbiota. Four-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce obesity. The diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were fed an HFD supplemented with mixed CLA (50% cis-9, trans-11 isomer and 50% trans-10, cis-12 isomers, 0.2% wt/wt) for 15 weeks. CLA supplementation remarkably reversed body weight in both sexes. CLA favored anti-inflammatory microbiota in male mice, mediating increased short-chain fatty acids and decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, which alleviated global inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity via inhibition of the TLR4-NF-κB pathway in adipose tissue. CLA promoted the growth of hydrogen sulfide-producing Desulfovibrio and the release of LPS in female mice, which aggravated adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. Although CLA impaired glucose metabolism in females, brown adipose tissue was significantly activated with browning of white adipose tissue in both sexes, which led to enhanced energy expenditure. Fecal transplantation from CLA-treated mice to DIO mice mimicked the sex-dependent phenotype. In conclusion, CLA decreased body weight and increased energy expenditure but sex-dependently modulated insulin resistance via the gut-adipose axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyang Shou
- Experimental Animal Research Center, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Lu
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of PET Center of Affiliated First Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieni Qiu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lilin He
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Monnard CR, Dulloo AG. Polyunsaturated fatty acids as modulators of fat mass and lean mass in human body composition regulation and cardiometabolic health. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 2:e13197. [PMID: 33471425 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is now recognized that the amount and type of dietary fat consumed play an important role in metabolic health. In humans, high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been associated with reductions in cardiovascular disease risk, improvements in glucose homeostasis, and changes in body composition that involve reductions in central adiposity and, more recently, increases in lean body mass. There is also emerging evidence, which suggests that high intakes of the plant-based essential fatty acids (ePUFAs)-n-6 linoleic acid (LA) and n-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA)-have a greater impact on body composition (fat mass and lean mass) and on glucose homeostasis than the marine-derived long-chain n-3 PUFA-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In addition, high intake of both ePUFAs (LA and ALA) may also have anti-inflammatory effects in humans. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging evidence, from both epidemiological prospective studies and clinical intervention trials, of a role for PUFA, in particular ePUFA, in the long-term regulation of body weight and body composition, and their impact on cardiometabolic health. It also discusses current notions about the mechanisms by which PUFAs modulate fat mass and lean mass through altered control of energy intake, thermogenesis, or lean-fat partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathriona R Monnard
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Abdul G Dulloo
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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15
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Pham Ngoc L, Helmus R, Ehlers AW, Swart K, Besselink H, de Rijke E, Dang Thi Cam H, Brouwer A, van der Burg B. Effect-directed analysis and chemical identification of agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in white button mushroom. Food Funct 2021; 12:133-143. [PMID: 33283804 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02071k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has a serious effect on human health. It relates to metabolic syndrome, including the associated disorders such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke and hyperemia. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are important receptors to control fat metabolism in the human body. Because of the safety concerns of synthetic drugs targeting PPARs, ligands from natural sources have drawn interest. Earlier, we have found high PPAR activities in extracts from Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom, WBM). WBM contains a wide range of candidate compounds which could be agonists of PPARs. To identify which compounds are responsible for PPAR activation by WBM extracts, we used fractionation coupled to effect-directed analysis with reporter gene assays specific for all three PPARs for purification and LC/MS-TOF and NMR for compound identification in purified active fractions. Surprisingly, we identified the relatively common dietary fatty acid, linoleic acid, as the main ligand of PPARs in WBM. Possibly, the relatively low levels of linoleic acid in WBM are sufficient and instrumental in inducing its anti-obesogenic effects, avoiding high energy intake and negative health effects associated with high levels of linoleic acid consumption. However, it could not be excluded that a minor relatively potent compound contributes towards PPAR activation, while the anti-obesity effects of WBM may be further enhanced by receptor expression modulating compounds or compounds with completely PPAR unrelated modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pham Ngoc
- BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. and Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam and Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universitei, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Helmus
- Institute of Biodiversity & Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas W Ehlers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 254, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kees Swart
- BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Harry Besselink
- BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eva de Rijke
- Institute of Biodiversity & Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ha Dang Thi Cam
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. and Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universitei, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Wang J, Han L, Wang D, Li P, Shahidi F. Conjugated Fatty Acids in Muscle Food Products and Their Potential Health Benefits: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13530-13540. [PMID: 33175544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated fatty acids (CFAs) are a group of positional and geometric isomers of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with conjugated double bonds. There are several subgroups of CFAs including conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), conjugated linolenic acids (CLNAs), conjugated eicosapentaenoic acids (CEPAs), and conjugated docosahexaenoic acids (CDHAs). CFAs, especially CLAs, have been studied in recent years both for their health benefits and factors that affect their level in muscle food products. CFAs have been reported in numerous studies as having antitumor, antiobesity, antidiabetes, anticardiovascular disease, and modulating immune system effects. These biological activies are involved in changes of lipid peroxidation and energy expenditure, as well as inhibitory effects on the hormone receptor, lipid metabolism, lipoprotein lipase activity, and adiponectin production. A large body of studies has revealed that the diet, processing, storage conditions, slaughter season, and age are common factors that affect CFA content in muscle food products, as detailed in this review. Recommendations are made regarding animal farming and meat product processing to obtain high CFA content meat products and to optimize the benefits of CFA for health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Linxiao Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, and Natural Food Macromolecule Research Center, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Daoying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, P. R. China
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Departments of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
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17
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Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Its Beneficial Effects in Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071913. [PMID: 32605287 PMCID: PMC7401241 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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18
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Palachum W, Choorit W, Manurakchinakorn S, Chisti Y. Guava pulp fermentation and processing to a vitamin B12‐enriched product. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilawan Palachum
- School of Allied Health Sciences Walailak University Tasala Thailand
| | - Wanna Choorit
- School of Agricultural Technology Walailak University Tasala Thailand
- Biomass and Oil Palm Center of Excellence Walailak University Tasala Thailand
| | | | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
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19
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Jiang B, Wang X, Wang L, Wu S, Li D, Liu C, Feng Z. Fabrication and Characterization of a Microemulsion Stabilized by Integrated Phosvitin and Gallic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5437-5447. [PMID: 32320610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to conjugate phosvitin (Pv) with gallic acid (GA) to explore a new emulsifier that had both good emulsifying properties and antioxidant activity. The Pv-GA complex was prepared at a GA concentration of 1.5 mg/mL with pH 9.0. The Pv-GA complex obtained was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and characterized with infrared, ultraviolet, and fluorescence spectra. The emulsifying activity and stability of the Pv-GA complex were slightly improved, and antioxidant activities was significantly enhanced. Furthermore, the Pv-GA complex was used to load conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for microemulsion preparation. Results showed that the Pv-GA complex could increase the viscosity and lipid antioxidant capacity of Pv-GA/CLA microemulsion. The Pv-GA/CLA microemulsion had remarkable emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability, pH, and thermal stability and poor salt stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Heilongjiang Eco-meteorology Center, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao Feng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
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20
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Abdelatty AM, Badr OAM, Mohamed SA, Khattab MS, Dessouki SHM, Farid OAA, Elolimy AA, Sakr OG, Elhady MA, Mehesen G, Bionaz M. Long term conjugated linoleic acid supplementation modestly improved growth performance but induced testicular tissue apoptosis and reduced sperm quality in male rabbit. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226070. [PMID: 31923252 PMCID: PMC6953797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known for its multiple benefits including improvement of growth, increasing lean mass, and anti-carcinogenic effects. However, when used in long-term supplementations CLA does not improve semen parameters in boar and bull and reduces fertility in Japanese quails. The content of unsaturated fatty acids in dietary lipids plays a significant role in spermatogenesis owning the high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in plasma membrane of sperms. Whether CLA plays a role in testicular tissue and epididymal fat is still unknown. Therefore, in this study we hypothesize that long-term supplementation of equal proportion of CLA isomer mix (c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12- CLA) in rabbit bucks might alter male reproductive potentials. Twelve V-Line weaned male rabbits were used in 26 weeks trial, rabbits were individually raised and randomly allocated into three dietary groups. Control group (CON) received a basal diet, a group received 0.5% CLA (CLA 0.5%), and a group received 1% CLA (CLA 1%). Rabbits were euthanized at the end of the trial and several parameters were evaluated related to growth, semen quality, and testicular and epididymal tissue histopathology and transcriptome. The long-term supplementation of CLA increased feed intake by 5% and body weight by 2-3%. CLA 1% decreased sperm progressive motility. In testicular tissue L-carnitine and α-tocopherol were decreased by CLA supplementation. In epididymal fat, CLA tended to decrease concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the expression of SCD5 gene was upregulated by CLA 1% and CASP3 gene was upregulated by CLA 0.5%. Transcription of PPARG was downregulated by CLA. Feeding 1% CLA also decreased testicular epithelial thickness. Long-term supplementation of CLA modestly enhanced male rabbit growth, but negatively impacted male reproduction, especially at high dose of CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Abdelatty
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - O. A. M. Badr
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - S. A. Mohamed
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt
| | - M. S. Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - SH. M. Dessouki
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - O. A. A. Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - A. A. Elolimy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - O. G. Sakr
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M. A. Elhady
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - G. Mehesen
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M. Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
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21
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Lee KJ, Ko YJ, Kang SK, Kim WS, Cho CS, Choi YJ. Additive anti-inflammation by a combination of conjugated linoleic acid and α-lipoic acid through molecular interaction between both compounds. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 29:419-429. [PMID: 32257526 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha lipoic acid (LA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have been well-documented on a variety of functional effects in health foods. The main purpose of this study was focused on the additive anti-inflammatory activity of the combination of LA and CLA in vitro. Raw 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide were treated with LA and CLA individually or in combination at a variety of concentration ranges. Co-treating 25 μM of LA and 25 μM of CLA significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to the same concentration of single LA- or CLA-treated group. The molecular mechanism of anti-inflammation by a combination of these compounds was attributed to extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 (ERK1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Also, the molecular interaction between both compounds was confirmed by NMR. Our findings suggested that the combination of CLA and LA showed potential additive effect on anti-inflammation through the molecular interaction of both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-June Lee
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- 2National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- 3Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354 Republic of Korea
| | - Whee-Soo Kim
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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22
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Yamagishi SI, Matsui T. Effects of Dietary Intake and Supplementation of Fatty Acids on Cardiometabolic Disorders in Humans: a Lesson from a Large Number of Meta-Analyses. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666181107113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids have exerted numerous pathophysiological effects in humans. Indeed,
monounsaturated fatty acids and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are generally thought to have favorable
cardiometabolic actions via their anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties, while saturated
fatty acids and trans fatty acids are supposed to contribute to the development and progression
of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases by inducing dyslipidemia and obesity. However, there is
much controversy about the effects of dietary intake and supplementation of fatty acids on cardiometabolic
disorders. Therefore, in the present study, we limited the scope of this review to metaanalyses
(1) of observational studies of dietary intake of fatty acids and (2) of interventional trials
with fatty acid supplements to scrutinize the role of fatty acids in various cardiometabolic disorders.
We discuss here the clinical effects of fatty acids from dietary intake or supplements on incidence of
diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity and body weight, cardiovascular diseases and total mortality,
and also review the association of fatty acid biomarkers with these cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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23
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Alaşalvar H, Erinç H, Salur F, Özbey A. Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid by Microwave‐Assisted and Ultrasound‐Assisted Alkali Isomerization: Effects of Microwave Power and Ultrasound Amplitude. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Alaşalvar
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringNiğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Atatürk boulevard 51240 Niğde Turkey
| | - Hakan Erinç
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringNiğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Atatürk boulevard 51240 Niğde Turkey
| | - Fatma Salur
- Institute of Natural and Applied SciencesNiğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Atatürk boulevard 51240 Niğde Turkey
| | - Ayşe Özbey
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringNiğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Atatürk boulevard 51240 Niğde Turkey
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24
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Liu S, Yu B, Wang Z, Hu J, Fu M, Wang Y, Liu J, Guo Z, Xu X, Ding Y. Highly selective isomerization of cottonseed oil into conjugated linoleic acid catalyzed by multiwalled carbon nanotube supported ruthenium. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20698-20705. [PMID: 35515563 PMCID: PMC9065710 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supported ruthenium (Ru) has the capacity to catalyze the conjugation of double bonds in linoleic acid (LA) into conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs). It has been reported that CLAs have shown a lot of benefits to human health. To enhance the selectivity of cottonseed oil (CSO) to CLAs, various Ru catalysts supported by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Ru/MWCNTs) were prepared using a microwave-heated ethylene glycol method. All catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The catalytic efficiency/selectivity of Ru/MWCNTs and two commercially available Ru catalysts (Ru/C and Ru/Al2O3) were investigated in a solvent-free system by catalyzing the isomerization of CSO. TEM analysis showed that Ru nanoparticles with average sizes of 1.0 nm to 1.8 nm were uniformly dispersed on the surface of the supports. Among the as-synthesized Ru/MWCNTs, catalyst S1 (diameter < 8 nm, length 0.5–2 μm) and catalyst S4 (diameter < 8 nm, length 10–30 μm) exhibit excellent catalytic performance for isomerization of CSO with high yield of total CLA (15.91% and 11.56%, respectively) and high turnover frequency (TOF) of 10.39 and 11.38 h−1, which is much better than two typical commercial Ru catalysts (Ru/Al2O3 and Ru/C). It has been revealed that the average particle size and chemical state of Ru on the surface of MWCNTs have influence on the activity and selectivity of the isomerization reaction. Ruthenium supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes is a highly efficient catalyst for the linoleic acid conjugation of cottonseed oil.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China +86-571-88320237 +86-571-88320237.,Institute of Ocean Research, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 China
| | - Bokai Yu
- Department of Food Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China +86-571-88320237 +86-571-88320237
| | - Zegao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Food Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China +86-571-88320237 +86-571-88320237
| | - Mingwen Fu
- Department of Food Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China +86-571-88320237 +86-571-88320237
| | - Yong Wang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd Area A Shanghai 200137 China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Food Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China +86-571-88320237 +86-571-88320237
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Xuebing Xu
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University 8000 Aarhus C Denmark.,Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd Area A Shanghai 200137 China
| | - Yuting Ding
- Department of Food Science, Ocean College, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China +86-571-88320237 +86-571-88320237.,Institute of Ocean Research, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 China
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Nutritionist and obesity: brief overview on efficacy, safety, and drug interactions of the main weight-loss dietary supplements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2019; 9:32-49. [PMID: 31391923 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-019-0007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years the use of dietary supplements as adjuvant therapy for weight loss gained growing favor among consumers and dietician-nutritionists, with the subsequent astounding increase in health costs. Despite the reassuring label of natural remedy for losing weight, dietary supplements contain a wide variety of ingredients on which available information is rather scanty and scientifically incomplete. Currently, there is little evidence that weight-loss supplements offer effective aids to reduce weight and meet criteria for recommended use. Robust, randomized, placebo-controlled studies to provide clear-cut scientific evidence of their efficacy and potential side effects in clinical practice are still lacking. Understanding the evidence for the efficacy, safety, and quality of these supplements among nutritionists and physicians is critical to counsel patients appropriately, especially considering the risk of serious adverse effects and interference with concomitant therapies. Detailed information on the efficacy and safety of the most commonly used weight-loss dietary supplements has been recently published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). However, in this report the thorny issue that may result from drug interactions with weight-loss dietary supplements has been not sufficiently addressed. The aim of this review was to provide a synthetic, evidence-based report on efficacy and safety of the most commonly used ingredients in dietary supplements marketed for weight loss, particularly focusing on their possible drug interactions.
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Namazi N, Irandoost P, Larijani B, Azadbakht L. The effects of supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on anthropometric indices and body composition in overweight and obese subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 59:2720-2733. [PMID: 29672124 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1466107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials have indicated conflicting results on the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on obesity. The present study aimed to systematically review controlled clinical trials examining the effects of CLA on anthropometric indices and body composition in overweight and obese subjects. Pubmed, Scopus, Web of science, and Cochrane databases were searched between 2000 and December 2017 with no language restriction. Placebo-controlled clinical trials that reported anthropometric indices and body composition in overweight and obese subjects were included. Random-effect model was used to pool the effect estimates. Of 4032 publications, 13 trials were included for the meta-analysis. Pooled effect sizes indicated that CLA significantly reduced body weight (WMD: -0.52 kg, 95% CI: -0.83, -0.21; I2: 48.0%, p = 0.01), BMI (WMD: -0.23 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.39, - 0.06; I2: 64.7%, p = 0.0001), FM (WMD: -0.61 kg, 95% CI: -0.98, -0.24; I2: 53.8%, p = 0.01) and increased LBM (WMD: 0.19 kg, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.34; I2: 81.4%, p = 0.0001) compared to the placebo group. However, the effects of CLA on WC (WMD: 0.05 cm, 95% CI: -0.01, 0.1; I2: 0%, p = 0.93) was not significant. Additionally, its impact on body weight in subjects older than 44 year (WMD: -1.05 kg, 95% CI: -1.75, -0.35; I2: 57.0%, p = 0.01), with longer duration (more than 12 weeks) (WMD: -1.29 kg, 95% CI: -2.29, -0.29; I2: 70.3%, p = 0.003) and dosage more than 3.4 g/day (WMD: -0.77 kg, 95% CI: -1.28, -0.25; I2: 62.7%, p = 0.004) were greater than comparative groups. Supplementation with CLA can slightly reduce body weight and FM and increase LBM in overweight and obese subjects. However, its efficacy was not clinically considerable. Further studies with high methodological quality are needed to shed light on the effects of CLA on anthropometric indices in overweight and obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Namazi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular- Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Pardis Irandoost
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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Hegazy M, Elsayed NM, Ali HM, Hassan HG, Rashed L. Diabetes Mellitus, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (Omega 6): What Is the Link? J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:5267025. [PMID: 31089474 PMCID: PMC6476070 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5267025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Type 2 DM and obesity are the coming epidemics and their association with NAFLD is well established; essential fatty acids are vital for body health yet the body cannot make them; 2 essential fatty acids are especially important: linoleic (omega-6) and alpha-linoleic (omega-3) acids; they can be considered as "bioactive lipids" and serve as functional foods. METHODS 50 type 2 Egyptian diabetic patients controlled on oral hypoglycemic drugs together with 20 age- and sex-matched healthy participants were enrolled in the study; all were subjected to complete history taking, BMI, fasting plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, ALT, AST, GGT, urea and creatinine, total lipid profile, hepatitis markers including hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibodies, conjugated linoleic fatty acid "CLA," and abdominal ultrasound for grading of NAFLD. RESULTS Our study in Egyptian diabetics with NAFLD revealed a low level of serum CLA compared to healthy control; such deficiency was more marked with advanced grades of NAFLD; lowest levels were observed in those with severe steatosis (NASH) with definite association between CLA and obesity. CONCLUSION Insulin resistance is the main link between NAFLD, diabetes, and obesity. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has a role in fat deposition in the liver and in development and improvement of insulin resistance. Fatty food had a documented role in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes but it can also be the cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hegazy
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M. Elsayed
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hala M. Ali
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hanan G. Hassan
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Almeida OC, Ferraz MV, Susin I, Gentil RS, Polizel DM, Ferreira EM, Barroso JP, Pires AV. Plasma and milk fatty acid profiles in goats fed diets supplemented with oils from soybean, linseed or fish. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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29
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Vázquez L, Corzo-Martínez M, Arranz-Martínez P, Barroso E, Reglero G, Torres C. Bioactive Lipids. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Marcos-Pasero H, Aguilar-Aguilar E, de la Iglesia R, Espinosa-Salinas I, Gómez-Patiño M, Colmenarejo G, de Molina AR, Reglero G, Loria-Kohen V. Association of calcium and dairy product consumption with childhood obesity and the presence of a Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor-Antisense (BDNF-AS) polymorphism. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2616-2622. [PMID: 30501916 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Calcium and dairy products have multiple health benefits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the association between calcium/dairy intake, blood pressure, the BDNF-AS rs925946 polymorphism and nutritional status in a group of schoolchildren. METHODS As part of the GENYAL study to childhood obesity prevention, 221 children belonging to different areas of the Community of Madrid were enrolled. Anthropometric and dietary data were collected, and children were genotyped according to the rs925946 polymorphism. Adjusted logistic and linear models were used to describe the data. RESULTS A significantly lower consumption of calcium in overweight versus normal weight children was observed (811.0 ± 174.1; 859.0 ± 195.9; 954.0 ± 223.1 mg; for obesity, overweight and normal weight, respectively, p = 0.010). Moreover, an inverse association between blood pressures and calcium intake was detected (β = -0.006 (-0.011, -3e-4)), p = 0.040. The number of dairy servings/day showed a protective effect against overweight (OR = 0.48 (0.29, 0.75), p = 0.001). Finally, common homozygous children (GG) showed an inverse association between the calcium intake and the BMI (β = -0.003 (-0.006, -0.001), p = 0.004), which was not observed in children carrying the T allele (β = -1.3e-4 (-0.0022, 0.0024), p = 0.93). CONCLUSION Calcium and dairy were strongly associated with the nutritional status and blood pressure. The identification of differential effects of calcium/dairy consumption on the nutritional status according to genetics may contribute to the personalization of future nutritional advice. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.govNCT03419520.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Marcos-Pasero
- IMDEA-Food. CEI UAM+CSIC, Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio nº 7), Crta. de Cantoblanco nº 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Aguilar-Aguilar
- IMDEA-Food. CEI UAM+CSIC, Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio nº 7), Crta. de Cantoblanco nº 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío de la Iglesia
- IMDEA-Food. CEI UAM+CSIC, Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio nº 7), Crta. de Cantoblanco nº 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Espinosa-Salinas
- IMDEA-Food. CEI UAM+CSIC, Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio nº 7), Crta. de Cantoblanco nº 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Gómez-Patiño
- IMDEA-Food. CEI UAM+CSIC, Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio nº 7), Crta. de Cantoblanco nº 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Colmenarejo
- IMDEA-Food. CEI UAM+CSIC, Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio nº 7), Crta. de Cantoblanco nº 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- IMDEA-Food. CEI UAM+CSIC, Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio nº 7), Crta. de Cantoblanco nº 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- IMDEA-Food. CEI UAM+CSIC, Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio nº 7), Crta. de Cantoblanco nº 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) CEI UAM+CSIC, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- IMDEA-Food. CEI UAM+CSIC, Pabellón Central del Antiguo Hospital de Cantoblanco (Edificio nº 7), Crta. de Cantoblanco nº 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Aydın B, Atlı Şekeroğlu Z, Şekeroğlu V. Effects of whey protein and conjugated linoleic acid on acrolein-induced cardiac oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and dyslipidemia in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:901-907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Maughan RJ, Burke LM, Dvorak J, Larson-Meyer DE, Peeling P, Phillips SM, Rawson ES, Walsh NP, Garthe I, Geyer H, Meeusen R, van Loon LJC, Shirreffs SM, Spriet LL, Stuart M, Vernec A, Currell K, Ali VM, Budgett RG, Ljungqvist A, Mountjoy M, Pitsiladis YP, Soligard T, Erdener U, Engebretsen L. IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52:439-455. [PMID: 29540367 PMCID: PMC5867441 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition usually makes a small but potentially valuable contribution to successful performance in elite athletes, and dietary supplements can make a minor contribution to this nutrition programme. Nonetheless, supplement use is widespread at all levels of sport. Products described as supplements target different issues, including (1) the management of micronutrient deficiencies, (2) supply of convenient forms of energy and macronutrients, and (3) provision of direct benefits to performance or (4) indirect benefits such as supporting intense training regimens. The appropriate use of some supplements can benefit the athlete, but others may harm the athlete's health, performance, and/or livelihood and reputation (if an antidoping rule violation results). A complete nutritional assessment should be undertaken before decisions regarding supplement use are made. Supplements claiming to directly or indirectly enhance performance are typically the largest group of products marketed to athletes, but only a few (including caffeine, creatine, specific buffering agents and nitrate) have good evidence of benefits. However, responses are affected by the scenario of use and may vary widely between individuals because of factors that include genetics, the microbiome and habitual diet. Supplements intended to enhance performance should be thoroughly trialled in training or simulated competition before being used in competition. Inadvertent ingestion of substances prohibited under the antidoping codes that govern elite sport is a known risk of taking some supplements. Protection of the athlete's health and awareness of the potential for harm must be paramount; expert professional opinion and assistance is strongly advised before an athlete embarks on supplement use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise M Burke
- Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Department of Neurology, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Enette Larson-Meyer
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences (Human Nutrition), University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Peter Peeling
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Institute of Sport, Mount Claremont, Australia
| | | | - Eric S Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, Messiah College, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neil P Walsh
- College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Ina Garthe
- The Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sport, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Geyer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Romain Meeusen
- Human Physiology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Lucas J C van Loon
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lawrence L Spriet
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alan Vernec
- Department of Science and Medicine, World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Vidya M Ali
- Medical and Scientific Commission, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard Gm Budgett
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Margo Mountjoy
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Health and Performance, Centre University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Medical and Scientific Commission Games Group, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- Medical and Scientific Commission, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Torbjørn Soligard
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Uğur Erdener
- Medical and Scientific Commission, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
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33
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IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and the High-Performance Athlete. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018; 28:104-125. [PMID: 29589768 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition usually makes a small but potentially valuable contribution to successful performance in elite athletes, and dietary supplements can make a minor contribution to this nutrition program. Nonetheless, supplement use is widespread at all levels of sport. Products described as supplements target different issues, including the management of micronutrient deficiencies, supply of convenient forms of energy and macronutrients, and provision of direct benefits to performance or indirect benefits such as supporting intense training regimens. The appropriate use of some supplements can offer benefits to the athlete, but others may be harmful to the athlete's health, performance, and/or livelihood and reputation if an anti-doping rule violation results. A complete nutritional assessment should be undertaken before decisions regarding supplement use are made. Supplements claiming to directly or indirectly enhance performance are typically the largest group of products marketed to athletes, but only a few (including caffeine, creatine, specific buffering agents and nitrate) have good evidence of benefits. However, responses are affected by the scenario of use and may vary widely between individuals because of factors that include genetics, the microbiome, and habitual diet. Supplements intended to enhance performance should be thoroughly trialed in training or simulated competition before implementation in competition. Inadvertent ingestion of substances prohibited under the anti-doping codes that govern elite sport is a known risk of taking some supplements. Protection of the athlete's health and awareness of the potential for harm must be paramount, and expert professional opinion and assistance is strongly advised before embarking on supplement use.
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34
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Maher T, Clegg ME. Dietary lipids with potential to affect satiety: Mechanisms and evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1619-1644. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1423277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Maher
- Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health, Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, UK
| | - Miriam E. Clegg
- Oxford Brookes Centre for Nutrition and Health, Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, UK
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Haghighatdoost F, Nobakht M. Gh BF. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on blood inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 72:1071-1082. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-017-0048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Walkowiak J, Malikowska K, Glapa A, Bogdański P, Fidler-Witoń E, Szulińska M, Chudzicka-Strugała I, Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka A, Mądry E, Lisowska A. Conjugated linoleic acid does not affect digestion and absorption of fat and starch-a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel study. J Breath Res 2017; 12:016010. [PMID: 28824012 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa872d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known as a potent agent for altering body weight and composition. However, its effect on the process of digestion is still unknown. The aim of this study has been to elucidate the effect of a 3-month supplementation with CLA on starch and fat digestion and absorption in humans. APPROACH The study included 74 obese and overweight adults who were randomized to receive 3.0 g of CLA or sunflower oil as placebo daily for 3 months. Digestion and absorption of fat and starch was assessed using non-invasive breath tests with a stable 13C isotope (cumulative percentage dose recovery, CPDR) before and after the supplementation period. To exclude the effect of oxidation, in addition total energy expenditure (TTE) was measured by a 13C bicarbonate breath test. RESULTS The changes in CPDR values (∆CPDR median 〈interquartile range〉) were no different between subjects from the CLA group and the placebo group (fat: -0.2 〈-9.1-4.1〉 versus 0.6 〈-7.0-8.0〉, p < 0.4796; starch: -1.3 〈-9.5-2.4〉 versus -1.0 〈-5.1-1.7〉, p < 0.5520, respectively). The incidence of negative and positive values of ∆CPDR was no different between groups [for fat: 53.1% versus 46.7%, RR 1.138, (95% CI 0.689-1.882) and for starch: 67.7% versus 56.7%, RR 1.195, (95% CI 0.804-1.777)]. The changes in TTE did not differ between the CLA and the placebo group (respectively 1 〈48; 267〉 versus -8 〈-120;93〉 kcal; p < 0.2728). CONCLUSION Supplementation with CLA for 3 months did not affect fat and starch digestion assessed by 13C mixed triglyceride breath test and 13C starch breath test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Li JZ, Qu H, Wu J, Zhang F, Jia ZB, Sun JY, Lv B, Kang Y, Jiang SL, Kang K. Metabolic profiles of adipose-derived and bone marrow-derived stromal cells from elderly coronary heart disease patients by capillary liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:184-194. [PMID: 29115374 PMCID: PMC5746296 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC)-based therapy is a promising option for patients with atherosclerotic conditions, including coronary artery disease. However, the potential differences in the metabolic characteristics between bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and ADSCs have remained to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to compare the metabolic profiles of BMSCs and ADSCs via liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. BMSCs and ADSCs obtained from elderly coronary heart disease patients were cultured, and after three passages, supernatants of each cell type were collected and systematically analysed. Substantial differences were detected between the metabolite signatures of ADSCs and BMSCs. In addition, further analysis using partial least-squares discriminant analysis score plots indicated significant differences between the supernatants of the two cell types. The following metabolites were deemed to be responsible for the potential differences in the metabolic characteristics of BMSCs and ADSCs: D-lactic acid, hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde, α-D-glucose, bovinic acid, 9,10-epoxyoctadecenoic acid, glyceraldehyde, phenylpyruvic acid, L-octanoylcarnitine, retinyl ester, α-ketoisovaleric acid, guanidoacetic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid, imidazoleacetic acid riboside, sphingosine and pseudouridine 5′-phosphate. Based on these findings, there may be significant differences in the following metabolic pathways: The linoleic acid metabolic pathway, galactose metabolism, argentines and proline metabolism, retinol metabolism, glycine and serine metabolism, galactose metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In conclusion, substantial differences in metabolic characteristics were detected between BMSCs and ADSCs, which may be associated with the different efficacies of atherosclerosis therapies employing these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yong Sun
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tang Du Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yue Kang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Kai Kang
- Key Laboratory of Education of the Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Al-Hamad D, Raman V. Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Transl Pediatr 2017; 6:397-407. [PMID: 29184820 PMCID: PMC5682379 DOI: 10.21037/tp.2017.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents is increasing, in parallel with the increasing trends in obesity rates. Varying definitions of this syndrome have hindered the development of a consensus for the diagnostic criteria in the pediatric population. While pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is not completely understood, insulin resistance and subsequent inflammation are thought to be among its main mechanistic underpinnings. Overweight and obesity are cardinal features, along with abnormal glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Other disorders associated with metabolic syndrome include fatty liver, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and pro-inflammatory states. Prevention and management of this condition can be accomplished with lifestyle modifications, behavioral interventions, pharmacological and surgical interventions as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Al-Hamad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Vandana Raman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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39
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Ferlay A, Bernard L, Meynadier A, Malpuech-Brugère C. Production of trans and conjugated fatty acids in dairy ruminants and their putative effects on human health: A review. Biochimie 2017; 141:107-120. [PMID: 28804001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of milk and dairy products is important in Western industrialised countries. Fat content is an important constituent contributing to the nutritional quality of milk and dairy products. In order to improve the health of consumers, there is high interest in improving their fatty acid (FA) composition, which depends principally on rumen and mammary metabolism. This paper reviews the lipid metabolism in ruminants, with a particular focus on the production of trans and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) and conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA) in the rumen. After the lipolysis of dietary lipids, an extensive biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA occurs by rumen bacteria, leading to numerous cis and trans isomers of 18:1, non-conjugated of 18:2, CLA and CLnA. The paper examines the different putative pathways of ruminal biohydrogenation of cis9-18:1, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 and long-chain FA and the bacteria implicated. Then mechanisms relative to the de novo mammary synthesis are presented. Ruminant diet is the main factor regulating the content and the composition of milk fat. Effects of nature of forage and lipid supplementation are analysed in cows and small ruminants species. Finally, the paper briefly presents the effects of these FA on animal models and human cell lines. We describe the properties of ruminant trans 18:1, when compared to industrial trans 18:1, CLA and CLnA on human health from meta-analyses of intervention studies and then explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - Laurence Bernard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | - Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CRNH Auvergne, F-63009, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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40
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Aydın B, Atlı Şekeroğlu Z, Şekeroğlu V. Acrolein-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in rats: protective effects of whey protein and conjugated linoleic acid. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:225-231. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1354872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Zülal Atlı Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Vedat Şekeroğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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41
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Akter S, Kurotani K, Sato M, Hayashi T, Kuwahara K, Matsushita Y, Nakagawa T, Konishi M, Honda T, Yamamoto S, Hayashi T, Noda M, Mizoue T. High Serum Phospholipid Dihomo-γ-Linoleic Acid Concentration and Low Δ5-Desaturase Activity Are Associated with Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Japanese Adults in the Hitachi Health Study. J Nutr 2017; 147:1558-1566. [PMID: 28637686 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.248997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between the circulating fatty acid (FA) composition and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been reported in Western populations, but evidence is scarce among Asian populations, including Japanese, who consume large amounts of fish.Objective: The objective of the present study was to prospectively examine the association between circulating concentrations of individual FAs and T2D incidence among Japanese adults.Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of 4754 employees, aged 34-69 y, who attended a comprehensive health checkup in 2008-2009 and donated blood samples for the Hitachi Health Study. During 5 y of follow-up, diabetes was identified on the basis of plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and self-report. Two controls matched to each case by sex, age, and date of checkup were randomly chosen by using density sampling, resulting in 336 cases and 678 controls with FA measurements. GC was used to measure the FA composition in serum phospholipids. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HRs and 95% CIs after adjusting for potential confounders. We examined the association of T2D risk with 25 different individual and combinations of FAs.Results: T2D risk was positively associated with serum dihomo-γ-linoleic acid concentration (highest compared with the lowest quartile-HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.11; P-trend = 0.02) and inversely associated with Δ5-desaturase activity (highest compared with the lowest quartile-HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.99; P-trend = 0.02), independent of body mass index (BMI). There were also inverse associations between T2D risk with serum total n-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid, and cis-vaccenic acid, but these were attenuated and became nonsignificant after adjustment for BMI. Serum n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were not associated with T2D risk.Conclusions: T2D risk was associated with circulating concentrations of the n-6 PUFA dihomo-γ-linoleic acid and Δ5-desaturase activity but not with n-3 PUFA or SFA concentrations in Japanese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Departments of Epidemiology and Prevention and.,Department of Nutritional Education, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Sato
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- Department of Nutritional Education, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuwahara
- Departments of Epidemiology and Prevention and.,Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsushita
- Clinical Research Coordination, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | | | - Toru Honda
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | | | - Takeshi Hayashi
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Segovia SA, Vickers MH, Gray C, Zhang XD, Reynolds CM. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Improves Maternal High Fat Diet-Induced Programming of Metabolic Dysfunction in Adult Male Rat Offspring. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6663. [PMID: 28751679 PMCID: PMC5532367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis proposes that an adverse early life environment, including in utero exposure to a maternal obesogenic environment, can lead to an increased long-term risk of obesity and related metabolic complications in offspring. We assessed whether maternal supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) could prevent some of these adverse effects in offspring exposed to a maternal high fat diet. Sprague-Dawley dams consumed either a: control (CD), control with CLA (CLA), high fat (HF) or high fat with CLA (HFCLA) diet 10 days prior to mating and throughout pregnancy/lactation. Male offspring were weaned onto a standard chow diet. Body composition was quantified by DXA and oral glucose tolerance tests conducted on adult offspring. Gene/protein expression and histological analysis were conducted in adipose tissue. Offspring from HF dams had increased body weight, body fat deposition, impaired insulin sensitivity and adipocyte hypertrophy; all of which were rescued in HFCLA offspring. Molecular and histological analyses of the adipose tissue suggest that disturbances in adipogenesis may mediate the metabolic dysfunction observed in HF offspring. Therefore, CLA supplementation to a maternal obesogenic diet may be a promising strategy to prevent adverse programming outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clint Gray
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xiaoyuan D Zhang
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clare M Reynolds
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Rajjo T, Mohammed K, Alsawas M, Ahmed AT, Farah W, Asi N, Almasri J, Prokop LJ, Murad MH. Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: An Umbrella Systematic Review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:763-775. [PMID: 28359101 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple interventions are available to reduce excess body weight in children. We appraised the quality of evidence supporting each intervention and assessed the effectiveness on different obesity-related outcomes. METHODS We conducted a systematic search for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials evaluating pediatric obesity interventions applied for ≥6 months. We assessed the quality of evidence for each intervention using GRADE (Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. RESULTS From 16 systematic reviews, we identified 133 eligible randomized controlled trials. Physical activity interventions reduced systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose (low to moderate quality of evidence). Dietary interventions with low-carbohydrate diets had a similar effect to low-fat diets in terms of body mass index (BMI) reduction (moderate quality of evidence). Educational interventions reduced waist circumference, BMI, and diastolic blood pressure (low quality of evidence). Pharmacological interventions reduced BMI (metformin, sibutramine, orlistat) and waist circumference (sibutramine, orlistat) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sibutramine) but also raised systolic and diastolic blood pressure (sibutramine). Surgical interventions (laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy) resulted in the largest BMI reduction (moderate quality of evidence). Combined interventions consisting of dietary modification, physical activity, behavioral therapy, and education significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and triglycerides. Combined parent-child interventions and parent-only interventions had similar effects on BMI (low quality of evidence). CONCLUSIONS Several childhood obesity interventions are effective in improving metabolic and anthropometric measures. A comprehensive multicomponent intervention, however, appears to have the best overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Rajjo
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery
- Department of Family Medicine
| | - Khaled Mohammed
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, and
| | - Mouaz Alsawas
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, and
| | - Ahmed T Ahmed
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery
| | - Wigdan Farah
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, and
| | - Noor Asi
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, and
| | - Jehad Almasri
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, and
| | - Larry J Prokop
- Library Public Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Mohammad Hassan Murad
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, and
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Garibay-Nieto N, Queipo-García G, Alvarez F, Bustos M, Villanueva E, Ramírez F, León M, Laresgoiti-Servitje E, Duggirala R, Macías T, Cuevas S, Jalife A, Fonseca-Sánchez M, Serratos F, López-Alvarenga JC. Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Metformin on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Children: Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:132-140. [PMID: 27778642 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin resistance precedes metabolic syndrome abnormalities and may promote cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in children with obesity. Results of lifestyle modification programs have been discouraging, and the use of adjuvant strategies has been necessary. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of metformin and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on insulin sensitivity, measured via euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique and insulin pathway expression molecules in muscle biopsies of children with obesity. DESIGN A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. SETTING Children with obesity were randomly assigned to receive metformin, CLA, or placebo. RESULTS Intervention had a positive effect in all groups. For insulin sensitivity Rd value (mg/kg/min), there was a statistically significant difference between the CLA vs placebo (6.53 ± 2.54 vs 5.05 ± 1.46, P = 0.035). Insulinemia and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance significantly improved in the CLA group (P = 0.045). After analysis of covariance was performed and the influence of body mass index, age, Tanner stage, prescribed diet, and fitness achievement was controlled, a clinically relevant effect size on insulin sensitivity remained evident in the CLA group (37%) and exceeded lifestyle program benefits. Moreover, upregulated expression of the insulin receptor substrate 2 was evident in muscle biopsies of the CLA group. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of insulin sensitivity, measured via euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and IRS2 upregulation, favored patients treated with CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayely Garibay-Nieto
- Children and Adolescent Obesity Clinic
- Department of Human Genetics, Hospital General de México Eduardo Liceaga-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Queipo-García
- Department of Human Genetics, Hospital General de México Eduardo Liceaga-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Ramírez
- Specialized Center for Diabetes Control, Public Health Services, Mexico City, Mexico 11340
| | | | | | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- School of Medicine, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539
| | - Teresa Macías
- Department of Human Genetics, Hospital General de México Eduardo Liceaga-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Cuevas
- Department of Human Genetics, Hospital General de México Eduardo Liceaga-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abel Jalife
- Department of Surgery, Hospital General de México Eduardo Liceaga, 06726 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Fonseca-Sánchez
- Department of Human Genetics, Hospital General de México Eduardo Liceaga-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Carlos López-Alvarenga
- School of Medicine, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78539
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Kim B, Lim HR, Lee H, Lee H, Kang W, Kim E. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on metabolic syndrome patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Stonehouse W, Wycherley T, Luscombe-Marsh N, Taylor P, Brinkworth G, Riley M. Dairy Intake Enhances Body Weight and Composition Changes during Energy Restriction in 18-50-Year-Old Adults-A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070394. [PMID: 27376321 PMCID: PMC4963870 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to investigate the effects of dairy food or supplements during energy restriction on body weight and composition in 18–50-year-old. Methods: RCTs ≥ 4 weeks comparing the effect of dairy consumption (whole food or supplements) with control diets lower in dairy during energy restriction on body weight, fat and lean mass were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pubmed, Cochrane Central and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) until March 2016. Reports were identified and critically appraised in duplicate. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Chi2- and I2-statistics indicated heterogeneity. Dose effect was assessed using meta-regression analysis. GRADE guidelines were used to rate the quality (QR) of the evidence considering risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, publication bias and effect estimates. Results: 27 RCTs were reviewed. Participants consumed between 2 and 4 standard servings/day of dairy food or 20–84 g/day of whey protein compared to low dairy control diets, over a median of 16 weeks. A greater reduction in body weight (−1.16 kg [−1.66, −0.66 kg], p < 0.001, I2 = 11%, QR = high, n = 644) and body fat mass (−1.49 kg [−2.06, −0.92 kg], p < 0.001, I2 = 21%, n = 521, QR = high) were found in studies largely including women (90% women). These effects were absent in studies that imposed resistance training (QR = low-moderate). Dairy intake resulted in smaller loss of lean mass (all trials pooled: 0.36 kg [0.01, 0.71 kg], p = 0.04, I2 = 64%, n = 651, QR = moderate). No between study dose-response effects were seen. Conclusions: Increased dairy intake as part of energy restricted diets resulted in greater loss in bodyweight and fat mass while attenuating lean mass loss in 18–50-year-old adults. Further research in males is needed to investigate sex effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welma Stonehouse
- Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Thomas Wycherley
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Natalie Luscombe-Marsh
- Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Pennie Taylor
- Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Grant Brinkworth
- Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Malcolm Riley
- Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Adelaide 5000, South Australia, Australia.
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Coleman H, Quinn P, Clegg ME. Medium-chain triglycerides and conjugated linoleic acids in beverage form increase satiety and reduce food intake in humans. Nutr Res 2016; 36:526-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim JH, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Park Y. Conjugated Linoleic Acid: Potential Health Benefits as a Functional Food Ingredient. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2016; 7:221-44. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
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Kim Y, Kim J, Whang KY, Park Y. Impact of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism. Lipids 2016; 51:159-78. [PMID: 26729488 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has garnered special attention as a food bioactive compound that prevents and attenuates obesity. Although most studies on the effects of CLA on obesity have focused on the reduction of body fat, a number of studies have demonstrated that CLA also increases lean body mass and enhances physical performances. It has been suggested that these effects may be due in part to physiological changes in the skeletal muscle, such as changes in the muscle fiber type transformation, alteration of the intracellular signaling pathways in muscle metabolism, or energy metabolism. However, the mode of action for CLA in muscle metabolism is not completely understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the effects of CLA on skeletal muscle metabolism. Given that CLA not only reduces body fat, but also improves lean mass, there is great potential for the use of CLA to improve muscle metabolism, which would have a significant health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jonggun Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Youn Whang
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Cicognini FM, Sigolo S, Gnagnarella P, Miggiano GAD, Mentella MC, Gallo A, Prandini A, Rossi F. A comparison of CLA intake and source between female and male Italian students. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2015. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-150052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maria Cicognini
- Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Samantha Sigolo
- Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Divisione di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maria Chiara Mentella
- Servizio di Dietetica, Policlinico “Agostino Gemelli”, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Aldo Prandini
- Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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