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Viljakainen H, Sorlí JV, Dahlström E, Agrawal N, Portolés O, Corella D. Interaction between genetic susceptibility to obesity and food intake on BMI in Finnish school-aged children. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15265. [PMID: 37709841 PMCID: PMC10502078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet modulates the genetic risk of obesity, but the modulation has been rarely studied using genetic risk scores (GRSs) in children. Our objectives were to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that drive the interaction of specific foods with obesity and combine these into GRSs. Genetic and food frequency data from Finnish Health in Teens study was utilized. In total, 1142 11-year-old subjects were genotyped on the Metabochip array. BMI-GRS with 30 well-known SNPs was computed and the interaction of individual SNPs with food items and their summary dietary scores were examined in relation to age- and sex-specific BMI z-score (BMIz). The whole BMI-GRS interacted with several foods on BMIz. We identified 7-11 SNPs responsible for each interaction and these were combined into food-specific GRS. The most predominant interaction was witnessed for pizza (p < 0.001): the effect on BMIz was b - 0.130 (95% CI - 0.23; - 0.031) in those with low-risk, and 0.153 (95% CI 0.072; 0.234) in high-risk. Corresponding, but weaker interactions were verified for sweets and chocolate, sugary juice drink, and hamburger and hotdog. In total 5 SNPs close to genes NEGR1, SEC16B, TMEM18, GNPDA2, and FTO were shared between these interactions. Our results suggested that children genetically prone to obesity showed a stronger association of unhealthy foods with BMIz than those with lower genetic susceptibility. Shared SNPs of the interactions suggest common differences in metabolic gene-diet interactions, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Viljakainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jose V Sorlí
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Dahlström
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nitin Agrawal
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Topeliuksenkatu 20, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olga Portolés
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Leister KR, Cilhoroz BT, Rosenberg J, Brown EC, Kim JY. Metabolic syndrome: Operational definitions and aerobic and resistance training benefits on physical and metabolic health in children and adolescents. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102530. [PMID: 35709585 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variation in parameters for childhood metabolic syndrome (MetS) has hindered the development of a consensus for the diagnostic criteria in this group. Despite these inconsistencies, it is accepted that exercise can ameliorate the deleterious effects of MetS. However, direct comparison between aerobic versus resistance exercise on MetS symptomology in adolescents is lacking. AIM Aim of this review was to discuss controversies associated with current MetS operation definitions in adolescents and present a review summarizing longitudinal studies relevant to the influence of aerobic and resistance training on children with MetS. METHODS Reviews of PubMed and Web of Science were conducted to identify literature focusing on the influence of aerobic and resistance training on children with MetS. Selected manuscripts featured longitudinal research only. RESULTS A universally accepted definition of MetS for the pediatric population has yet to be established. As such, consensus regarding diagnostic criteria for MetS among children is lacking despite the presence of various descriptions in the literature. Though studies support the importance of aerobic and resistance exercise to combat comorbidities associated with MetS, longitudinal studies investigating the benefits of each exercise type among adolescents are limited and inconsistent. CONCLUSION An improved understanding of the impact of aerobic and resistance training on children with MetS is clinically relevant because it may facilitate more appropriate exercise recommendations for children with MetS. Additional large cohort studies are warranted to determine optimal exercise type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Leister
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Burak T Cilhoroz
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jared Rosenberg
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Joon Young Kim
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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3
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis do not typically manifest before middle age; however, the disease process begins early in life. Preclinical atherosclerosis can be quantified with imaging methods in healthy populations long before clinical manifestations present. Cohort studies have shown that childhood exposure to risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and tobacco smoking, are associated with adult preclinical atherosclerotic phenotypes. Importantly, these long-term effects are substantially reduced if the individual becomes free from the risk factor by adulthood. As participants in the cohorts continue to age and clinical end points accrue, the strongest evidence linking exposure to risk factors in early life with cardiovascular outcomes has begun to emerge. Although science has deciphered the natural course of atherosclerosis, discovered its causal risk factors and developed effective means to intervene, we are still faced with an ongoing global pandemic of atherosclerotic diseases. In general, atherosclerosis goes undetected for too long, and preventive measures, if initiated at all, are inadequate and/or come too late. In this Review, we give an overview of the available literature suggesting the importance of initiating the prevention of atherosclerosis in early life and provide a summary of the major paediatric programmes for the prevention of atherosclerotic disease. We also highlight the limitations of current knowledge and indicate areas for future research.
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Olsen NJ, Lilienthal Heitmann B. Consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages and metabolic markers in children – a narrative review of the evidence. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Julie Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital Frederiksberg Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Section for General Practice Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Denmark
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5
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Lee YJ, Seo MY, Kim SH, Park MJ. Validity of the pediatric simple metabolic syndrome score. Obes Res Clin Pract 2020; 14:508-513. [PMID: 33051154 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the validity of the conventional continuous metabolic syndrome score (ccMS) and pediatric simple metabolic syndrome score (PsiMS) for the prediction of MS in Korean adolescents. METHODS A total of 2983 adolescents aged 10-18 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2017) were enrolled. The ccMS was calculated by aggregating the sex and age-specific z-scores of body mass index, systolic blood pressure (SBP), glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. The PsiMS was calculated using the following formula: 〔2x(waist/height (cm)〕+〔glucose (mg/dL)/100〕+〔triglycerides (mg/dL)/150〕+〔SBP (mmHg)/130〕-〔HDL-C (mg/dL)/40〕. RESULTS Mean PsiMS was significantly higher in subjects with MS compared with those without MS (3.24 vs. 1.93 in boys, 3.11 vs. 1.80 in girls; P < 0.001). Both ccMS and PsiMS were significantly higher in subjects with more MS components compared to adolescents with fewer components (P-for-trend<0.001). Among the adolescents without MS but in the PsiMS quintile 5, 33.5% presented two or more MS components. The receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated an equally good performance of ccMS (AUC = 0.975) and PsiMS (AUC = 0.958) for identifying adolescent MS risk. PsiMS showed a good stratification of MS risk in the generalized linear model. CONCLUSION PsiMS is an accurate and efficient scoring system to assess and monitor the risk of adolescent MS in the research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ji Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, 1342, Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Young Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, 1342, Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin-Hye Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, 1342, Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi Jung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, 1342, Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Shang X, Li Y, Xu H, Zhang Q, Liu A, Du S, Guo H, Ma G. Leading dietary determinants identified using machine learning techniques and a healthy diet score for changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in children: a longitudinal analysis. Nutr J 2020; 19:105. [PMID: 32950062 PMCID: PMC7502204 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying leading dietary determinants for cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors is urgent for prioritizing interventions in children. We aimed to identify leading dietary determinants for the change in CMR and create a healthy diet score (HDS) to predict CMR in children. METHODS We included 5676 children aged 6-13 years in the final analysis with physical examinations, blood tests, and diets assessed at baseline and one year later. CMR score (CMRS) was computed by summing Z-scores of waist circumference, an average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, multiplying by - 1), and triglycerides. Machine learning was used to identify leading dietary determinants for CMR and an HDS was then computed. RESULTS The nine leading predictors for CMRS were refined grains, seafood, fried foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, wheat, red meat other than pork, rice, fungi and algae, and roots and tubers with the contribution ranging from 3.9 to 19.6% of the total variance. Diets high in seafood, rice, and red meat other than pork but low in other six food groups were associated with a favorable change in CMRS. The HDS was computed based on these nine dietary factors. Children with HDS ≥8 had a higher decrease in CMRS (β (95% CI): - 1.02 (- 1.31, - 0.73)), BMI (- 0.08 (- 0.16, - 0.00)), SBP (- 0.46 (- 0.58, - 0.34)), DBP (- 0.46 (- 0.58, - 0.34)), mean arterial pressure (- 0.50 (- 0.62, - 0.38)), fasting glucose (- 0.22 (- 0.32, - 0.11)), insulin (- 0.52 (- 0.71, - 0.32)), and HOMA-IR (- 0.55 (- 0.73, - 0.36)) compared to those with HDS ≦3. Improved HDS during follow-up was associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, percent body fat, SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure, HDL-C, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION Diets high in seafood, rice, and red meat other than pork and low in refined grains, fried foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and wheat are leading healthy dietary factors for metabolic health in children. HDS is strongly predictive of CMR factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Shang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haiquan Xu
- Institute of food and nutrition development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hongwei Guo
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guansheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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7
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Beserra JB, Soares NIDS, Marreiros CS, Carvalho CMRGD, Martins MDCDCE, Freitas BDJESDA, Santos MMD, Frota KDMG. [Do children and adolescents who consume ultra-processed foods have a worse lipid profile? A systematic review]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 25:4979-4989. [PMID: 33295516 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320202512.29542018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the input of ultra-processed ingredients in the food of children and adolescents is related to the development of noncommunicable diseases such as dyslipidemia. The scope of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the relationship of consumption of ultra-processed foods in the lipid profile of children and adolescents. A search in the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and LILACS databases was carried out to locate cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, with or without intervention, in apparently healthy children and/or adolescents, who had the intake of ultra-processed food as an exposure variable and the lipid profile as an outcome. After screening, 14 studies were included, of which nine demonstrated that ultra-processed food consumption was related to increased LDL-c, total cholesterol, triglycerides and a reduction in HDL-c. Three studies found no relationship and two demonstrated that the increased intake of ready-to-eat cereals was related to the decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-c. There was a high consumption of ultra-processed foods and positive relation with blood lipids among children and adolescents, which calls attention to interventions, such as nutritional education, with a view to reducing the intake of these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota
- Departamento de Biofísica e Fisiologia, UFPI. Av. Universitária, lado ímpar, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Bairro Ininga. 64049-550 Teresina PI Brasil.
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8
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Sugar-sweetened beverages intake is associated with blood pressure and sympathetic nervous system activation in children. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 28:232-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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9
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Kamel M, Smith BT, Wahi G, Carsley S, Birken CS, Anderson LN. Continuous cardiometabolic risk score definitions in early childhood: a scoping review. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1688-1699. [PMID: 30223304 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in young children has been measured using various approaches, including a continuous summary score that incorporates components such as adiposity, lipids, metabolic factors and blood pressure. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to comprehensively review definitions of continuous CMR scores in children <10 years of age. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using a systematic search of four scientific databases up to June 2016. Inclusion criteria were children <10 years of age and report of a continuous CMR score. RESULTS Ninety-one articles were included. Most studies were published from 2007 to 2016 (96%). Nearly all continuous CMR scores (90%) were calculated using the sum or the mean of z-scores, and many articles age-standardized and sex-standardized components within their own population. The mean number of variables included in the risk scores was 5 with a range of 3-11. The most commonly included score components were waist circumference (52%), triglycerides (87%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (67%), glucose (43%) and systolic blood pressure (52%). IMPORTANCE Continuous CMR scores are emerging frequently in the child health literature and are calculated using numerous methods with diverse components. This heterogeneity limits comparability across studies. A harmonized definition of CMR in childhood is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamel
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - B T Smith
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Wahi
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Carsley
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C S Birken
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Soininen S, Eloranta AM, Viitasalo A, Dion G, Erkkilä A, Sidoroff V, Lindi V, Mahonen A, Lakka TA. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Plasma Lipids, and Associated Gene Variants in Prepubertal Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2670-2679. [PMID: 29750416 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with plasma lipids remain controversial in children. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations and interactions of 25(OH)D and related gene variants with lipids in children. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Kuopio, Finland. PARTICIPANTS Population sample of 419 prepubertal white children aged 6 to 8 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 25(OH)D, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D was negatively associated with total cholesterol (β = -0.141, P = 0.004), LDL cholesterol (β = -0.112, P = 0.023), HDL cholesterol (β = -0.150, P = 0.002), and triglycerides (β = -0.104, P = 0.035) adjusted for age and sex. Associations of 25(OH)D with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol remained after adjustment for adiposity, physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, daylight time, and parental education. Children in the highest quartile of 25(OH)D had the lowest total cholesterol (P = 0.022) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.026) adjusted for age and sex. Cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily R member 1 (CYP2R1) rs12794714, CYP2R1 rs10741657, and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) rs2282679 were associated with 25(OH)D adjusted for age and sex. CYP2R1 rs12794714 was associated with total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and C10orf88 rs6599638 with HDL cholesterol adjusted for age, sex, and 25(OH)D. The gene variants did not explain or modify the associations of 25(OH)D with lipids. CONCLUSIONS 25(OH)D was independently and inversely associated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. CYP2R1 rs12794714, CYP2R1 rs10741657, and DBP rs2282679 were associated with 25(OH)D. CYP2R1 rs12794714 was associated with total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and chromosome 10 open reading frame 88 (C10orf88) rs6599638 with HDL cholesterol independent of 25(OH)D. None of the gene variants modified the associations of 25(OH)D with lipids. Further studies are needed to detect the mechanisms for the associations of 25(OH)D with lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Social and Health Center, City of Varkaus, Varkaus, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Viitasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Geneviève Dion
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja Erkkilä
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virpi Sidoroff
- Department of Pediatrics, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Virpi Lindi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland Library Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anitta Mahonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Schnurr TM, Viitasalo A, Eloranta AM, Damsgaard CT, Mahendran Y, Have CT, Väistö J, Hjorth MF, Christensen LB, Brage S, Atalay M, Lyytikäinen LP, Lindi V, Lakka T, Michaelsen KF, Kilpeläinen TO, Hansen T. Genetic predisposition to adiposity is associated with increased objectively assessed sedentary time in young children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:111-114. [PMID: 28947836 PMCID: PMC5765967 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased sedentariness has been linked to the growing prevalence of obesity in children, but some longitudinal studies suggest that sedentariness may be a consequence rather than a cause of increased adiposity. We used Mendelian randomization to examine the causal relations between body mass index (BMI) and objectively assessed sedentary time and physical activity in 3-8 year-old children from one Finnish and two Danish cohorts [NTOTAL=679]. A genetic risk score (GRS) comprised of 15 independent genetic variants associated with childhood BMI was used as the instrumental variable to test causal effects of BMI on sedentary time, total physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). In fixed effects meta-analyses, the GRS was associated with 0.05 SD/allele increase in sedentary time (P=0.019), but there was no significant association with total physical activity (beta=0.011 SD/allele, P=0.58) or MVPA (beta=0.001 SD/allele, P=0.96), adjusting for age, sex, monitor wear-time and first three genome-wide principal components. In two-stage least squares regression analyses, each genetically instrumented one unit increase in BMI z-score increased sedentary time by 0.47 SD (P=0.072). Childhood BMI may have a causal influence on sedentary time but not on total physical activity or MVPA in young children. Our results provide important insights into the regulation of movement behaviour in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia M. Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Viitasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Biomedicine Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Camilla T. Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuvaraj Mahendran
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian T. Have
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of Biomedicine Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mads F. Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line B. Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soren Brage
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Virpi Lindi
- Institute of Biomedicine Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kim F. Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Hauta-Alus HH, Korkalo L, Holmlund-Suila EM, Rosendahl J, Valkama SM, Enlund-Cerullo M, Helve OM, Hytinantti TK, Mäkitie OM, Andersson S, Viljakainen HT. Food and Nutrient Intake and Nutrient Sources in 1-Year-Old Infants in Finland: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1309. [PMID: 29194422 PMCID: PMC5748759 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The infant diet has short- and long-term health consequences. Updated data regarding the dietary intake of Finnish infants are lacking. The objectives of this study were to describe infant food and nutrient intake and to identify food sources of the nutrients. Altogether, 739 healthy infants were studied. Dietary intake and breastfeeding frequency were assessed with a three-day food record at 1 year of age. Dietary intake was calculated separately for non-breastfed and breastfed infants. One-third (36%) of the infants were partially breastfed and 95% consumed mass-produced baby foods. The infants' diet consisted mainly of infant formula, dairy milk, porridges, fruit and berry foods, and meat dishes. The mean vegetable, fruit and berry consumption was 199 g/day. Most nutrient intakes were adequate except for fat, linoleic acid, vitamin D and iron from food. Mean sucrose intake, as a percentage of total energy intake (E%), was 5-6 E%. High protein intake (>20 E%) was observed in 19% of non-breastfed infants. Overall, the infants' diet was favorable since vegetable and fruit consumption was reasonably high and nutrient intake was mostly adequate. However, the fat intake was lower, and protein intake higher than recommended. Increasing the consumption of vegetable oils and reducing the intake of red meat and dairy milk may further improve the diet of 1-year-olds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena H Hauta-Alus
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Liisa Korkalo
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Elisa M Holmlund-Suila
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jenni Rosendahl
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Saara M Valkama
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Maria Enlund-Cerullo
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Otto M Helve
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo K Hytinantti
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Outi M Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum 2C, P.O. Box 705, 00020 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heli T Viljakainen
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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13
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Lampinen EK, Eloranta AM, Haapala EA, Lindi V, Väistö J, Lintu N, Karjalainen P, Kukkonen-Harjula K, Laaksonen D, Lakka TA. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and socioeconomic status among Finnish girls and boys aged 6-8 years. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:462-472. [PMID: 28276910 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1294619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied differences in physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and the types of PA and SB between Finnish girls and boys and children from different socioeconomic backgrounds (SES). We assessed PA, SB, parental education, and household income using detailed questionnaires in a representative population sample of 486 children (238 girls, 248 boys) aged 6-8 years. Girls spent on average 1.7 h/day and boys 2.0 h/day in total PA (p = 0.002). Altogether 66% of girls and 54% of boys had less than 2 h of total PA per day (p = 0.012). Girls had lower levels of unsupervised PA (45 vs. 54 min/day, p = 0.001), supervised PA (1.5 vs. 1.9 h/week, p = 0.009), and PA during school recess (1.8 vs. 1.9 h/week, p = 0.032) than boys. Girls had higher levels of total SB (3.8 vs. 3.4 h/day, p = 0.015) but lower levels of screen-based SB (1.5 vs. 1.9 h/day, p < 0.001) than boys. Lower parental education and household income were associated with lower levels of supervised PA in girls (p = 0.011 and p = 0.008, respectively) and in boys (p = 0.006 and p = 0.003, respectively). Lower parental education and household income were also related to higher levels of screen-based SB in boys (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively) but not in girls. Girls have lower levels of total, unsupervised, and supervised PA, PA during recess, and screen-based SB but higher levels of total SB than boys. Lower parental education and household income are associated with lower levels of supervised PA in both genders and higher levels of screen-based SB in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva-Kaarina Lampinen
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.,b Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland.,c University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Virpi Lindi
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Niina Lintu
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Panu Karjalainen
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | | | - David Laaksonen
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.,e Department of Internal Medicine , Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.,f Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine , Kuopio , Finland.,g Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine , Kuopio University Hospital , Kuopio , Finland
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14
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St-Onge MP, Ard J, Baskin ML, Chiuve SE, Johnson HM, Kris-Etherton P, Varady K. Meal Timing and Frequency: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 135:e96-e121. [PMID: 28137935 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Eating patterns are increasingly varied. Typical breakfast, lunch, and dinner meals are difficult to distinguish because skipping meals and snacking have become more prevalent. Such eating styles can have various effects on cardiometabolic health markers, namely obesity, lipid profile, insulin resistance, and blood pressure. In this statement, we review the cardiometabolic health effects of specific eating patterns: skipping breakfast, intermittent fasting, meal frequency (number of daily eating occasions), and timing of eating occasions. Furthermore, we propose definitions for meals, snacks, and eating occasions for use in research. Finally, data suggest that irregular eating patterns appear less favorable for achieving a healthy cardiometabolic profile. Intentional eating with mindful attention to the timing and frequency of eating occasions could lead to healthier lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factor management.
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15
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Bailey DP, Charman SJ, Ploetz T, Savory LA, Kerr CJ. Associations between prolonged sedentary time and breaks in sedentary time with cardiometabolic risk in 10–14-year-old children: The HAPPY study. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:2164-2171. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1260150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Bailey
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
| | - Sarah J. Charman
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas Ploetz
- Open Lab, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise A. Savory
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
| | - Catherine J. Kerr
- Allied & Public Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Eloranta AM, Schwab U, Venäläinen T, Kiiskinen S, Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Lindi V. Dietary quality indices in relation to cardiometabolic risk among Finnish children aged 6-8 years - The PANIC study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:833-841. [PMID: 27397511 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are no studies on the relationships of dietary quality indices to the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in children. We therefore investigated the associations of four dietary quality indices with cardiometabolic risk score and cardiometabolic risk factors in Finnish children. METHODS AND RESULTS Subjects were a population sample of 204 boys and 198 girls aged 6-8 years. We assessed diet by 4-day food records and calculated Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Score, Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and Finnish Children Healthy Eating Index (FCHEI). We calculated the age- and sex-adjusted cardiometabolic risk score summing up Z-scores for waist circumference, mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and concentrations of fasting serum insulin and fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol, the last multiplying by -1. Higher FCHEI was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk score among boys (standardised regression coefficient β = -0.14, P = 0.044) adjusted for age, physical activity, electronic media time and household income. Higher DASH Score was related to a lower serum insulin in boys (β = -0.15, P = 0.028). Higher DASH Score (β = -0.16, P = 0.023) and FCHEI (β = -0.17, P = 0.014) were related to lower triglyceride concentration in boys. Higher FCHEI was associated with lower triglyceride concentration in girls (β = -0.16, P = 0.033). Higher DASH Score (β = -0.19, P = 0.011) and BSDS (β = -0.23, P = 0.001) were associated with lower plasma HDL cholesterol concentration in girls. CONCLUSION Higher FCHEI was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk among boys, whereas DASH Score, BSDS or MDS were not associated with cardiometabolic risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Eloranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - U Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T Venäläinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Kiiskinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H M Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - D E Laaksonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - V Lindi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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17
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Wu YE, Zhang CL, Zhen Q. Metabolic syndrome in children (Review). Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2390-2394. [PMID: 27698739 PMCID: PMC5038558 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, including central obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and increased blood pressure. The prevalence of MetS is on the increase worldwide owing to the epidemic of overweight and obesity. The risk of prevalence of MetS greatly increases during adulthood for those children exposed to cardiometabolic risk factors in their early lives. MetS has also been associated with liver fat accumulation in children. Elevated levels of plasma alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase have been associated with liver fat accumulation. The present review aimed to expand knowledge on the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors responsible for the widespread occurrence of metabolic disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-E Wu
- Department of Respiration, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Chong-Lin Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhen
- Department of Respiration, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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18
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Rinaldi AEM, Gabriel GFCP, Moreto F, Corrente JE, McLellan KCP, Burini RC. Dietary factors associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in overweight and obese Brazilian schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:58. [PMID: 27559363 PMCID: PMC4995765 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-016-0178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome (MS) has been assessed since childhood mainly because of the nutritional and epidemiological transition that has occurred worldwide. Our objectives were to explore the MS and its components according to anthropometric and demographic factors and to assess the relationship among MS components and dietary characteristics in overweight and obese schoolchildren. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study which included 147 schoolchildren (aged 6-10 years) from three elementary schools, with body mass index (BMI) higher than the 85th percentile. Sexual maturation stages, anthropometric measures (weight, height, skinfold thickness and waist circumference), biochemical data (glucose, HDL-C and triacylglycerol), blood pressure and dietary intake were assessed. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed if three or more of the following components were presented: waist circumference ≥90th age and sex-specific cut-off, blood pressure ≥90th age, sex and height-specific cut-off, glucose ≥100 mg/dL, HDL-C ≥ 40 mg/dL and triacylglycerols ≥ 110 mg/dL. The dietary intake was assessed by three non-consecutive 24-h recalls. The T test, Kruskal-Wallis and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to assess MS components and dietary intake. RESULTS The MS percentage was 10.2 % and it was higher in obese children and ones with high body fat percentage. The waist circumference was the main altered component of MS and 62 % of overweight schoolchildren showed at least one altered component of MS. The components of metabolic syndrome associated with dietary intake were triacylglycerol (positive association with saturated and monounsaturated fat, whole-milk products and processed foods and negative associated with legumes and polyunsaturated fat), glycemia (positive association with processed foods and negative with cereals), HDL-C (positive association with vegetables and greens) and waist circumference was negative associated with protein. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of MS was higher in obese than overweight schoolchildren and the frequency of at least one MS component was high in more than half of our subjects. The waist circumference was the most frequent among all other components. The triacylglycerol and glycemia were the most frequent MS components associated with dietary intake. Unprocessed food was considered a protective dietary factor for MS metabolic components and processed food with high percentage of sugar and saturated fat was a risk factor for MS metabolic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa Madalena Rinaldi
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Rua Pará, nº 1720, Bloco 2U, Uberlândia, MG 38405-320 Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Moreto
- Member of the Exercise Metabolism and Nutrition Center (CeMENutri), Distrito de Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970 Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Corrente
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-900 Brazil
| | - Kátia Cristina Portero McLellan
- Texas Institute for Kidney and Endocrine Disorders, Texas Institute for Kidney and Endocrine Disorders, 10 Medical Center Blvd, Ste A Medical Center, Lufkin, 75904 USA
| | - Roberto Carlos Burini
- Botucatu School of Medicine, Public Health Department and Exercise Metabolism and Nutrition Center, São Paulo State University, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970 Brazil
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Magnussen CG, Cheriyan S, Sabin MA, Juonala M, Koskinen J, Thomson R, Skilton MR, Kähönen M, Laitinen T, Taittonen L, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT. Continuous and Dichotomous Metabolic Syndrome Definitions in Youth Predict Adult Type 2 Diabetes and Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. J Pediatr 2016; 171:97-103.e1-3. [PMID: 26681473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the utility of continuous metabolic syndrome (cMetS) scores vs a dichotomous metabolic syndrome (MetS) definition in youth to predict adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). STUDY DESIGN Participants (n = 1453) from the population-based, prospective, observational Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who were examined in youth (when aged 9-18 years) and re-examined 15-25 years later. Four cMetS scores were constructed according to procedures most often used in the literature that comprised the youth risk factor inputs of body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Adult outcomes included T2DM and high carotid IMT (≥ 90 th percentile). RESULTS For a 1 SD increase in cMetS scores in youth, participants had a 30%-78% increased risk of T2DM and 12%-61% increased risk of high carotid IMT. Prediction of adult T2DM and high carotid IMT using cMetS scores in youth was essentially no different to a dichotomous MetS definition with area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve ranging from 0.54-0.60 (continuous definitions) and 0.55-0.59 (dichotomous) with 95% CIs often including 0.5, and integrated discrimination improvement from -0.2% to -0.6%. CONCLUSIONS cMetS scores in youth are predictive of cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood. However, they do not have increased predictive utility over a dichotomous definition of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costan G Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sanith Cheriyan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Koskinen
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Russell Thomson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Michael R Skilton
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leena Taittonen
- Department of Pediatrics, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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20
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Haapala EA, Väistö J, Lintu N, Tompuri T, Brage S, Westgate K, Ekelund U, Lampinen EK, Sääkslahti A, Lindi V, Lakka TA. Adiposity, physical activity and neuromuscular performance in children. J Sports Sci 2016; 34:1699-706. [PMID: 26734777 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1134805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the associations of body fat percentage (BF%), objectively assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and different types of physical activity assessed by a questionnaire with neuromuscular performance. The participants were 404 children aged 6-8 years. BF% was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and physical activity by combined heart rate and movement sensing and a questionnaire. The results of 50-m shuttle run, 15-m sprint run, hand grip strength, standing long jump, sit-up, modified flamingo balance, box-and-block and sit-and-reach tests were used as measures of neuromuscular performance. Children who had a combination of higher BF% and lower levels of physical activity had the poorest performance in 50-m shuttle run, 15-m sprint run and standing long jump tests. Higher BF% was associated with slower 50-m shuttle run and 15-m sprint times, shorter distance jumped in standing long jump test, fewer sit-ups, more errors in balance test and less cubes moved in box-and-block test. Higher levels of physical activity and particularly MVPA assessed objectively by combined accelerometer and heart rate monitor were related to shorter 50-m shuttle run and 15-m sprint times. In conclusion, higher BF% and lower levels of physical activity and particularly the combination of these two factors were associated with worse neuromuscular performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero A Haapala
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.,b Department of Biology of Physical Activity , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.,c Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Niina Lintu
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Tuomo Tompuri
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.,d Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine , Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Soren Brage
- e MRC Epidemiology Unit , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Kate Westgate
- e MRC Epidemiology Unit , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- e MRC Epidemiology Unit , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.,f Department of Sport Medicine , Norwegian School of Sports Science , Oslo , Norway
| | - Eeva-Kaarina Lampinen
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Arja Sääkslahti
- g Department of Sport Sciences , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Virpi Lindi
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- a Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology , University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.,d Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine , Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland.,h Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine , Kuopio , Finland
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21
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Funtikova AN, Navarro E, Bawaked RA, Fíto M, Schröder H. Impact of diet on cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents. Nutr J 2015; 14:118. [PMID: 26574072 PMCID: PMC4647337 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The manifestation of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and particularly obesity begins in children and adolescents, with deleterious effects for cardiometabolic health at adulthood. Although the impact of diet on cardiovascular risk factors has been studied extensively in adults, showing that their cardiometabolic health is strongly lifestyle-dependent, less is known about this impact in children and adolescents. In particular, little is known about the relationship between their dietary patterns, especially when derived a posteriori, and cardiovascular risk. An adverse association of cardiovascular health and increased intake of sodium, saturated fat, meat, fast food and soft drinks has been reported in this population. In contrast, vitamin D, fiber, mono-and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, dairy, fruits and vegetables were positively linked to cardiovascular health. The aim of this review was to summarize current epidemiological and experimental evidence on the impact of nutrients, foods, and dietary pattern on cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents. A comprehensive review of the literature available in English and related to diet and cardiometabolic health in this population was undertaken via the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Medline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N Funtikova
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.,Food and Nutrition PhD program, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estanislau Navarro
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rowaedh Ahmed Bawaked
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedicine PhD program, University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fíto
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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Venäläinen T, Ågren J, Schwab U, de Mello VD, Eloranta AM, Laaksonen DE, Lindi V, Lakka TA. Cross-sectional associations of plasma fatty acid composition and estimated desaturase and elongase activities with cardiometabolic risk in Finnish children--The PANIC study. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 10:82-91. [PMID: 26892124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge on the association of plasma fatty acid (FA) composition in triacylglycerol (TG) and phospholipid (PL) fractions with cardiometabolic risk in population-based samples of children is lacking. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of proportions of FA in plasma TG and PL fractions as well as estimated desaturase and elongase activities with cardiometabolic risk in a population sample of 384 children aged 6-8 years. METHODS Plasma FA composition was analyzed by gas chromatography. Desaturase and elongase activities were estimated as product-to-precursor FA ratios. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed using a continuous cardiometabolic risk score (CRS) variable. RESULTS Higher proportions of myristic and palmitoleic acids in plasma TG and PL were associated with a higher CRS. A lower proportion of linoleic acid in plasma TG was related to a higher CRS. Estimated stearoyl-CoA-desaturase and Δ6-desaturase activities in plasma TG and PL were directly associated with CRS, whereas estimated elongase activity in plasma TG and PL was inversely related to CRS. CONCLUSIONS Greater proportions of myristic and palmitoleic acids and a smaller proportion of linoleic acid in plasma, as well as higher estimated stearoyl-CoA-desaturase and Δ6-desaturase activities and a lower estimated elongase activity, are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among children. These findings reinforce the evidence that FA metabolism is closely associated with cardiometabolic risk, starting already from childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisa Venäläinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jyrki Ågren
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vanessa D de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David E Laaksonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virpi Lindi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Schwab U, Uusitupa M. Diet heart controversies--Quality of fat matters. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:617-622. [PMID: 25921848 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been a lot a debate recently regarding the effect of the quality of dietary fat on the risk of atherosclerotic vascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease (CHD). Long term randomized controlled interventions are almost lacking and the body of evidence is based on epidemiological data which allows conclusions only regarding associations, instead of effects. However, a recent systematic review, which included prospective cohort studies with high or moderate quality, showed convincing evidence on the favorable effect of partially replacing saturated fatty acids by polyunsaturated fatty acids on the risk of CHD. For some reason it seems tempting even in the scientific discussion to question the evidence of the quality of dietary fat on the risk of CHD every time when a controversial scientific article is published.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - M Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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