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Lohkamp KJ, van den Hoek AM, Solé-Guardia G, Lisovets M, Alves Hoffmann T, Velanaki K, Geenen B, Verweij V, Morrison MC, Kleemann R, Wiesmann M, Kiliaan AJ. The Preventive Effect of Exercise and Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Obesity-Induced Brain Changes in Ldlr−/−.Leiden Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071716. [PMID: 37049556 PMCID: PMC10097391 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and dietary interventions are promising approaches to tackle obesity and its obesogenic effects on the brain. We investigated the impact of exercise and possible synergistic effects of exercise and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation on the brain and behavior in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice. Baseline measurements were performed in chow-fed Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice to assess metabolic risk factors, cognition, and brain structure using magnetic resonance imaging. Thereafter, a subgroup was sacrificed, serving as a healthy reference. The remaining mice were fed an HFD and divided into three groups: (i) no exercise, (ii) exercise, or (iii) exercise and dietary BCAA. Mice were followed for 6 months and aforementioned tests were repeated. We found that exercise alone changed cerebral blood flow, attenuated white matter loss, and reduced neuroinflammation compared to non-exercising HFD-fed mice. Contrarily, no favorable effects of exercise on the brain were found in combination with BCAA, and neuroinflammation was increased. However, cognition was slightly improved in exercising mice on BCAA. Moreover, BCAA and exercise increased the percentage of epididymal white adipose tissue and muscle weight, decreased body weight and fasting insulin levels, improved the circadian rhythm, and transiently improved grip strength. In conclusion, BCAA should be supplemented with caution, although beneficial effects on metabolism, behavior, and cognition were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara J. Lohkamp
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Anita M. van den Hoek
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.M.v.d.H.); (M.C.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Gemma Solé-Guardia
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Maria Lisovets
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Talissa Alves Hoffmann
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Konstantina Velanaki
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Bram Geenen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Vivienne Verweij
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.M.v.d.H.); (M.C.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.M.v.d.H.); (M.C.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Maximilian Wiesmann
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Amanda J. Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Radboud Alzheimer Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (K.J.L.); (G.S.-G.); (M.L.); (T.A.H.); (K.V.); (B.G.); (V.V.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Okamura T, Hamaguchi M, Mori J, Yamaguchi M, Mizushima K, Abe A, Ozeki M, Sasano R, Naito Y, Fukui M. Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Suppresses the Development of Sarcopenic Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061157. [PMID: 35334814 PMCID: PMC8955723 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) is a soluble dietary fiber derived through controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of guar gum, a highly viscous galactomannan derived from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of dietary supplementation with PHGG against sarcopenic obesity using Db/Db mice. Db/Db mice fed a normal diet alone or a fiber-free diet, or supplemented with a diet containing PHGG (5%), were examined. PHGG increased grip strength and the weight of skeletal muscles. PHGG increased the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration in feces and sera. Concerning innate immunity, PHGG decreased the ratio of inflammatory cells, while increasing the ratio of anti-inflammatory cells in the small intestine. The present study demonstrated the preventive effect of PHGG on sarcopenic obesity. Changes in nutrient absorption might be involved through the promotion of an anti-inflammatory shift of innate immunity in the intestine accompanied by an increase in SCFA production by PHGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Okamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.O.); (M.H.)
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.O.); (M.H.)
| | - Jun Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (J.M.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mihoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (J.M.); (M.Y.)
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.)
| | - Aya Abe
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Yokkaichi 510-0844, Japan; (A.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Makoto Ozeki
- Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., Yokkaichi 510-0844, Japan; (A.A.); (M.O.)
| | | | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.M.); (Y.N.)
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.O.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-251-5505
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Cosentino RG, Churilla JR, Josephson S, Molle-Rios Z, Hossain MJ, Prado WL, Balagopal PB. Branched-chain Amino Acids and Relationship With Inflammation in Youth With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3129-3139. [PMID: 34286837 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Elevated concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are strong predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains uncertain, particularly in youth. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of BCAA and aromatic amino acids (AAA) in obesity, their relationships with novel biomarkers of CVD, and response to a physical activity-based lifestyle intervention (PAL-I) in a randomized controlled study in youth with normal weight (NW) and obesity (OB). METHODS Age (14-18 years) and Tanner stage (≥IV) matched youth (OB, n = 15 and NW, n = 6) were studied; the 15 participants with OB underwent a 3-month randomized controlled PAL-I. Circulating amino acid profile, glucose, insulin, lipids, adiponectin, retinol binding protein-4, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and 25-hydroxy vitamin-D, along with body composition, were measured at baseline and after PAL-I. Independent t tests, analysis of covariance, and mixed-effect models were used for analysis of the data. RESULTS Compared with NW, the concentration of various amino acids, including BCAA and AAA, were altered in OB (P < 0.05). BCAA and AAA showed baseline correlations with body composition and novel biomarkers of CVD, particularly inflammatory factors (all P < 0.05). The PAL-I produced only negligible effects (P > 0.05) on BCAA and AAA. Glutamine, glycine, and aspartic acid decreased with PAL-I (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The novel finding of the BCAA-inflammation relationship, along with strong correlations with nontraditional biomarkers of CVD, may raise the prospect of BCAA as a biomarker of CVD and evoke a potential link between obesity, T2DM, and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph G Cosentino
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - James R Churilla
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Samantha Josephson
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
| | - Zarela Molle-Rios
- Division of Gastroenterology, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE 19802, USA
| | - Md Jobayer Hossain
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE 19802, USA
| | - Wagner L Prado
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA
| | - P Babu Balagopal
- Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Galangin and Pinocembrin from Propolis Ameliorate Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells via Regulating Akt/mTOR Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7971842. [PMID: 30420897 PMCID: PMC6215570 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7971842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance has a critical role in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pinobanksin, galangin, chrysin, and pinocembrin from propolis on insulin resistance. Our study shows that galangin and pinocembrin can ameliorate insulin resistance; on the contrary, pinobanksin and chrysin are ineffective. Galangin and pinocembrin treatments substantially increase glucose consumption and glycogen content by enhancing the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase. Galangin treatment with 80 μM increased hexokinase and pyruvate kinase activities by 21.94% and 29.12%, respectively. Moreover, we hypothesize that galangin and pinocembrin may have a synergistic effect on the improvement of insulin resistance via Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, through distinctly upregulating the phosphorylation of IR, Akt, and GSK3β and remarkably downregulating the phosphorylation of IRS. Most notably, this is the first study to our knowledge to investigate pinocembrin about the alleviation of insulin resistance. Our results provide compelling evidence for the depth development of propolis products to ameliorate insulin resistance.
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Paniagua N, Girón R, Goicoechea C, López‐Miranda V, Vela J, Merlos M, Martín Fontelles M. Blockade of sigma 1 receptors alleviates sensory signs of diabetic neuropathy in rats. Eur J Pain 2017; 21:61-72. [PMID: 27341510 PMCID: PMC5215451 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-52862 (S1RA, 4-[2-[[5-methyl-1-(2-naphthalenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy]ethyl]-morpholine), a novel selective sigma 1 receptor (σ1R) antagonist, has demonstrated efficacy in nociceptive and neuropathic pain models. Our aim was to test if σ1R blockade with E-52862 may modify the signs of neuropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a type 2 diabetes model. METHODS Mechanical and thermal response thresholds were tested on 7-, 13-, 14- and 15-week-old ZDF rats treated with saline or with E-52862 acutely administered on week 13, followed by sub-chronic administration (14 days). Axonal peripheral activity (skin-saphenous nerve preparation) and isolated aorta or mesenteric bed reactivity were analysed in 15-week-old ZDF rats treated with saline or E-52862 and in LEAN rats. RESULTS Zucker diabetic fatty rats showed significantly decreased thermal withdrawal latency and threshold to mechanical stimulation on week 13 compared to week 7 (prediabetes) and with LEAN animals; single-dose and sub-chronic E-52862 administration restored both parameters to those recorded on week 7. Regarding axonal peripheral activity, E-52862 treatment increased the mean mechanical threshold (77.3 ± 21 mN vs. 19.6 ± 1.5 mN, saline group) and reduced the response evoked by mechanical increasing stimulation (86.4 ± 36.5 vs. 352.8 ± 41.4 spikes) or by repeated mechanical supra-threshold steps (39.4 ± 1.4 vs. 83.5 ± 0.9). E-52862 treatment also restored contractile response to phenylephrine in aorta and mesenteric bed. CONCLUSIONS E-52862 administration reverses neuropathic (behavioural and electrophysiological) and vascular signs in the ZDF rat. SIGNIFICANCE Blockade of σ1R avoids the development of diabetic neuropathy in rats, and may represent a potentially useful therapeutic approach to peripheral neuropathies in diabetic patients. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD?: This study presents evidences for the potential usefulness of sigma receptor blockade on diabetic neuropathy in rats. The methodology includes behavioural evidences, electrophysiological data and vascular-isolated models.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Paniagua
- Farmacología y NutriciónFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosUnidad Asociada CSIC‐IQMAlcorcónSpain
| | - R. Girón
- Farmacología y NutriciónFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosUnidad Asociada CSIC‐IQMAlcorcónSpain
| | - C. Goicoechea
- Farmacología y NutriciónFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosUnidad Asociada CSIC‐IQMAlcorcónSpain
| | - V. López‐Miranda
- Farmacología y NutriciónFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosUnidad Asociada CSIC‐IQMAlcorcónSpain
| | - J.M. Vela
- Drug Discovery & Preclinical ResearchEsteveBarcelonaSpain
| | - M. Merlos
- Drug Discovery & Preclinical ResearchEsteveBarcelonaSpain
| | - M.I. Martín Fontelles
- Farmacología y NutriciónFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosUnidad Asociada CSIC‐IQMAlcorcónSpain
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Wang H, Wang J, Qu H, Wei H, Ji B, Yang Z, Wu J, He Q, Luo Y, Liu D, Duan Y, Liu F, Deng H. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of mTOR by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 to improve early diabetic nephropathy via the DDIT4/TSC2/mTOR pathway. Endocrine 2016; 54:348-359. [PMID: 27395420 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) could improve early diabetic nephropathy through the DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4/tuberous sclerosis 2/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Rat mesangial cells were cultured in media containing normal glucose or high glucose and were treated with or without 1,25(OH)2D3. Mesangial cells proliferation was measured. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were injected intravenously with a recombinant lentivirus against the rat vitamin D receptor gene. Urinary and serum albumin, fasting plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, calcium, parathyroid hormone and serum 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, mean glomerular volume, glomerular basement membrane thickness and total kidney volume were determined. The expressions of vitamin D receptor, DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4, and mammalian target of rapamycin were measured. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the proliferation of mesangial cells induced by hyperglycemia. 1,25(OH)2D3 also significantly reduced albumin excretion, mean glomerular volume, glomerular basement membrane, and total kidney volume in rats with diabetic nephropathy. The expression of DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 was elevated by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. The phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin was reduced by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Vitamin D receptor gene silencing blocked all of the above results. The current study demonstrates that 1,25(OH)2D3 can effectively inhibit mesangial cells proliferation induced by hyperglycemia, thus suppressing the development of diabetic nephropathy. This study also shows that the nephron-protective effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 occurs partly through the DDIT4/TSC2/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Armed Corps Police Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hua Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Huili Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Baolan Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zesong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Huacong Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
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