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Combined prenatal to postnatal protein restriction augments protein quality control processes and proteolysis in the muscle of rat offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109273. [PMID: 36681307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Several human epidemiological and animal studies suggest that a maternal low-protein (MLP) diet affects skeletal muscle (SM) health in the offspring. However, effect of combined prenatal to postnatal protein restriction (chronic PR) and prenatal to perinatal protein restriction (PR) with postnatal rehabilitation maternal protein restriction (MPR) on protein quality control (PQC) processes and proteolysis in the offspring remains poorly understood. The current study explored the impact of chronic PR and MPR on SM protein degradation rates, chaperones, unfolded protein response (UPR), ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), autophagy, and apoptosis, in the adult offspring. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a normal protein (NP; 20% casein), or low-protein (LP; 8% casein) isocaloric diets from 7 weeks prior to breeding through weaning. Offspring born to NP dams received the same diet (NP offspring) while a group of LP offspring remained on LP diet and another group was rehabilitated with NP diet (LPR offspring) from weaning for 16 weeks. LP offspring displayed lower body weight, lean mass, and myofiber cross-sectional area than NP. Furthermore, LP offspring demonstrated increased total protein degradation, urinary 3-methyl histidine, ER stress, autophagy, UPS components, proteasomal activity, muscle atrophy markers, and apoptosis-related proteins than NP. However, MPR showed little or no effect on muscle proteolysis, UPR, UPS, autophagy, apoptosis, and muscle atrophy in LPR offspring. These results indicate that exposure to chronic PR diets induces muscle atrophy and accelerates SM proteolysis via augmenting PQC processes in the offspring, while MPR shows little or no effect.
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2
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Tillquist NM, Reed SA, Kawaida MY, Reiter AS, Smith BI, Jang H, Lee JY, Lee EC, Zinn SA, Govoni KE. Restricted- and over-feeding during gestation decreases growth of offspring throughout maturity. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad061. [PMID: 37334247 PMCID: PMC10276548 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of poor maternal nutrition on the growth and metabolism of offspring into maturity, multiparous Dorset ewes pregnant with twins (n = 46) were fed to either 100% (control; n = 13), 60% (restricted; n = 17), or 140% (over; n = 16) of National Research Council requirements from day 30 ± 0.02 of gestation until parturition. Offspring of these ewes are referred to as CON (n = 10 ewes; 12 rams), RES (n = 13 ewes; 21 rams), or OVER (n = 16 ewes; 13 rams), respectively. Lamb body weights (BW) and blood samples were collected weekly from birth (day 0) to day 28 and then every 14 d until day 252. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (infusion of 0.25 g dextrose/kg BW) was performed at day 133 ± 0.25. At day 167 ± 1.42, individual daily intake was recorded over a 77 d feeding period to determine residual feed intake (RFI). Rams were euthanized at day 282 ± 1.82 and body morphometrics, loin eye area (LEA), back fat thickness, and organ weights were collected. The right leg was collected from rams at necropsy and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to determine bone mineral density (BMD) and length. Averaged from day 0 until day 252, RES and OVER offspring weighed 10.8% and 6.8% less than CON offspring, respectively (P ≤ 0.02). When adjusted for BW, liver and testes weights tended to be increased and decreased, respectively, in RES rams compared with CON rams (P ≤ 0.08). Additionally, RES BMD and bone length were less than CON rams (P ≤ 0.06). Treatment did not influence muscle mass, LEA, or adipose deposition (P ≥ 0.41). Rams (-0.17) were more feed efficient than ewes (0.23; P < 0.01); however, no effect of maternal diet was observed (P ≥ 0.57). At 2 min post glucose infusion, glucose concentrations in OVER offspring were greater than CON and RES offspring (P = 0.04). Concentrations of insulin in CON rams tended to be greater than OVER and RES ewes at 5 min (P ≤ 0.07). No differences were detected in insulin:glucose or area under the curve (AUC) for glucose or insulin (P ≤ 0.29). Maternal diet did not impact offspring triglycerides or cholesterol (P ≤ 0.35). Pre-weaning leptin tended to be 70% greater in OVER offspring than CON (P ≤ 0.07). These data indicate that poor maternal nutrition impairs offspring growth throughout maturity but does not affect RFI. Changes in metabolic factors and glucose tolerance are minimal, highlighting the need to investigate other mechanisms that may contribute to negative impacts of poor maternal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Tillquist
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sarah A Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mia Y Kawaida
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Amanda S Reiter
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Brandon I Smith
- Present address: Amador Bioscience, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Hyung Jang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Elaine C Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Steven A Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Liu X, Zhang N, Sung B, Wang B. Time-specific effects of acute eccentric exercise on myostatin, follistatin and decorin in the circulation and skeletal muscle in rats. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), an important negative regulator of skeletal muscle, plays an important role in skeletal muscle health. In previous study, we found that the expression of MSTN was different during skeletal muscle injury repair. Therefore, we explored the expression changes of MSTN at different time points during skeletal muscle injury repair after eccentric exercise. In addition, MSTN is regulated by follistatin (FST) and decorin (DCN) in vivo, so our study examined the time-specific changes of FST, DCN and MSTN in the circulation and skeletal muscle during skeletal muscle injury repair after eccentric exercise, and to explore the reasons for the changes of MSTN in the process of exercise-induced muscle injury repair, to provide a basis for promoting muscle injury repair. The rats performed one-time eccentric exercise. Blood and skeletal muscle were collected at the corresponding time points, respectively immediate after exercise (D0), one day (D1), two days (D2), three days (D3), seven days (W1) and fourteen days (W2) after exercise (n=8). The levels of MSTN, FST, DCN in serum and mRNA and protein expression in muscle were detected. MSTN changes in the blood and changes in DCN and FST showed the opposite trend, except immediately after exercise. The change trends of mRNA and protein of gastrocnemius DCN and MSTN are inconsistent, there is post-transcriptional regulation of MSTN and DCN in gastrocnemius. Acute eccentric exercise might stimulate the secretion of DCN and FST into the circulation and inhibit MSTN. MSTN may be regulated by FST and DCN after acute eccentric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B Wang
- Department of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sports Institute, Nanjing, China.
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Choi W, Kim J, Ko JW, Choi A, Kwon YH. Effects of maternal branched-chain amino acid and alanine supplementation on growth and biomarkers of protein metabolism in dams fed a low-protein diet and their offspring. Amino Acids 2022; 54:977-988. [PMID: 35353249 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A considerable number of studies have reported that maternal protein restriction may disturb fetal growth and organ development due to a lower availability of amino acids. Leucine, one of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) promotes protein synthesis through mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling. Here, we investigated the effects of BCAA supplementation in the dams fed a low-protein diet on serum and hepatic biochemical parameters of protein metabolism of dams and their offspring. Female ICR mice were fed a control (20% casein), a low-protein (10% casein), a low-protein with 2% BCAAs or a low-protein with 2% alanine diet for 2 weeks before mating and then throughout pregnancy and lactation. Alanine was used as an amino nitrogen control for the BCAA. Dams and their male offspring were sacrificed at postnatal day 21. There were no changes in body weight and fat mass in low-protein fed dams; however, BCAA supplementation significantly increased fat mass and serum leptin levels. Low-protein diet consumption reduced maternal protein synthesis based on biochemical analysis of serum albumin and hepatic protein levels and immunoblotting of S6 protein, which were increased by BCAA and alanine supplementation. Offspring from dams fed a low-protein diet exhibited lower body and organ weights. Body weight and hepatic protein levels of the offspring were increased by alanine supplementation. However, the decreased serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, triglyceride, total protein and albumin levels in the low-protein offspring group were not changed in response to BCAA or alanine supplementation. A reduced density of the hepatic vessel system in the offspring from dams fed a low-protein diet was restored in the offspring from dams fed either BCAA and alanine-supplemented diet. These results suggest that supplementation of amino nitrogen per se may be responsible for inducing hepatic protein synthesis in the dams fed a low-protein diet and alleviating the distorted growth and liver development of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseon Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Juhae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Je Won Ko
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Alee Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Francis EC, Dabelea D, Boyle KE, Jansson T, Perng W. Maternal Diet Quality Is Associated with Placental Proteins in the Placental Insulin/Growth Factor, Environmental Stress, Inflammation, and mTOR Signaling Pathways: The Healthy Start ECHO Cohort. J Nutr 2021; 152:816-825. [PMID: 34850052 PMCID: PMC8891174 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal nutritional status affects placental function, which may underlie the intrauterine origins of obesity and diabetes. The extent to which diet quality is associated with placental signaling and which specific pathways are impacted is unknown. OBJECTIVES To examine sex-specific associations of maternal diet quality according to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-developed to align with recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans-with placental proteins involved in metabolism and mediators of environmental stress, inflammation, and growth factors. METHODS Among 108 women from the Healthy Start cohort with a mean ± SD age of 29.0 ± 6.1 y and a prepregnancy BMI (in kg/m2) of 24.8 ± 5.3, we conducted multivariable linear regression analysis stratified by offspring sex. We adjusted for maternal race or ethnicity, age, education, prenatal smoking habits, and physical activity and tested for an association of maternal HEI >57 compared with ≤57 and the abundance and phosphorylation of key proteins involved in insulin/growth factor signaling; mediators of environmental stress, inflammation, and growth factors; mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling proteins; and energy sensing in placental villus samples. HEI >57 was chosen given its prior relevance among Healthy Start mother-child dyads. RESULTS In adjusted models, HEI >57 was associated with greater abundance of insulin receptor β (0.80; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.49) in placentas of females. In males, maternal HEI >57 was associated with greater activation and abundance of select placental nutrient-sensing proteins and environmental stress, inflammation, and growth factor proteins (S6K1Thr389/S6K1: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.21, 1.41; JNK1Thr183/Tyr185/JNK1: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.27, 1.37; JNK2Thr183/Tyr185/JNK2: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.11). CONCLUSIONS Higher-quality diet had sex-specific associations with placental protein abundance/phosphorylation. Given that these proteins have been correlated with neonatal anthropometry, our findings provide insight into modifiable factors and placental pathways that should be examined in future studies as potential links between maternal diet and offspring metabolic health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02273297.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dana Dabelea
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen E Boyle
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA,Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wei Perng
- The Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Aurora, CO, USA,Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Deptartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Liu N, Dai Z, Zhang Y, Chen J, Yang Y, Wu G, Tso P, Wu Z. Maternal L-proline supplementation enhances fetal survival, placental development, and nutrient transport in mice†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1073-1081. [PMID: 30418498 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
L-Proline (proline) in amniotic fluid was markedly increased during pregnancy in both pigs and sheep. However, in vivo data to support a beneficial effect of proline on fetal survival are not available. In this study, pregnant C57BL/6J mice were fed a purified diet supplemented with or without 0.50% proline from embryonic day 0.5 (E0.5) to E12.5 or term. Results indicated that dietary supplementation with proline to gestating mice enhanced fetal survival, reproductive performance, the concentrations of proline, arginine, aspartic acid, and tryptophan in plasma and amniotic fluid, while decreasing the concentrations of ammonia and urea in plasma and amniotic fluid. Placental mRNA levels for amino acid transporters, including Slc36a4, Slc38a2, Slc38a4, Slc6a14, and Na+/K+ ATPase subunit-1α (Atp1a1), fatty acid transporter Slc27a4, and glucose transporters Slc2a1 and Slc2a3, were augmented in proline-supplemented mice, compared with the control group. Histological analysis showed that proline supplementation enhanced labyrinth zone in the placenta of mice at E12.5, mRNA levels for Vegf, Vegfr, Nos2, and Nos3, compared with the controls. Western blot analysis showed that proline supplementation increased protein abundances of phosphorylated (p)-mTORC1, p-ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), and p-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), as well as the protein level of GCN2 (a negative regulator of mTORC1 signaling). Collectively, our results indicate a novel functional role of proline in improving placental development and fetal survival by enhancing placental nutrient transport, angiogenesis, and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Liu N, Chen J, He Y, Jia H, Jiang D, Li S, Yang Y, Dai Z, Wu Z, Wu G. Effects of maternal L-proline supplementation on inflammatory cytokines at the placenta and fetus interface of mice. Amino Acids 2020; 52:587-596. [PMID: 32170468 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary L-proline (proline) supplementation during gestation enhances fetal survival and placental development in mice. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that this beneficial effect of proline was associated with alterations in inflammatory response at the placenta and fetus interface. Populations of immune cells present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined by flow cytometry analysis. The concentrations of immunoglobulins in plasma, and the concentrations of cytokines in plasma, uterus, placenta, and amniotic fluid were measured using a bead-based immunoassay. The data showed that proline supplementation led to higher (P < 0.05) populations of B lymphocytes (CD3-CD19+), natural killer (NK) cells (CD3-NK1.1+), and dendritic cells (DCs, CD11c+MHCII+) in peripheral blood, as compared with the controls. Conversely, mice fed a proline-supplemented diet had a lower population of neutrophils (CD11b+F4/80-). Further study showed that proline supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of (1) interleukin (IL)-23, IL-1α, and IL-6 in plasma; (2) IL-6 in the uterus; and (3) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and IL-17 in the placenta; and (4) interferon (IFN)-γ in amniotic fluid, compared with controls. Conversely, proline supplementation resulted in higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of (1) IL-10, IL-17 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in plasma; (2) IL-10 and IL-1α in the uterus; and (3) IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-27, and IFN-β in amniotic fluid, compared with controls. Moreover, concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) G2b and IgM were enhanced (P < 0.05) by proline administration. Taken together, our results reveal a regulatory effect of proline in the immunological response at the maternal-fetal interface, which is critical for embryonic development and fetal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingqing Chen
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hai Jia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Da Jiang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Sandoval C, Wu G, Smith SB, Dunlap KA, Satterfield MC. Maternal Nutrient Restriction and Skeletal Muscle Development: Consequences for Postnatal Health. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1265:153-165. [PMID: 32761575 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe undernutrition and famine continue to be a worldwide concern, as cases have been increasing in the past 5 years, particularly in developing countries. The occurrence of nutrient restriction (NR) during pregnancy affects fetal growth, leading to small for gestational age (SGA) or intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) offspring. During adulthood, SGA and IUGR offspring are at a higher risk for the development of metabolic syndrome. Skeletal muscle is particularly sensitive to prenatal NR. This tissue plays an essential role in oxidation and glucose metabolism because roughly 80% of insulin-mediated glucose uptake occurs in muscle, and it represents around 40% of body weight. Alterations in myofiber number, hypertrophy and myofiber type composition, decreased protein synthesis, lower mitochondrial content and activity of oxidative enzymes, and increased accumulation of intramuscular triglycerides are among the described programming effects of maternal NR on skeletal muscle. Together, these features would add to a phenotype that is prone to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Insights from diverse animal models (i.e. ovine, swine, and rodent) have provided valuable information regarding the molecular mechanisms behind those altered developmental pathways. Understanding those molecular signatures supports the development of efficient treatments to counteract the effects of maternal NR on skeletal muscle, and its negative implications for postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Sandoval
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kathrin A Dunlap
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - M Carey Satterfield
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Wu Y, Cheng Z, Bai Y, Ma X. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Maternal Dietary Protein and Amino Acids Affecting Growth and Development of Offspring. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:727-735. [PMID: 30678627 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190125110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients can regulate metabolic activities of living organisms through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA regulation. Since the nutrients required for early embryos and postpartum lactation are derived in whole or in part from maternal and lactating nutrition, the maternal nutritional level affects the growth and development of fetus and creates a profound relationship between disease development and early environmental exposure in the offspring's later life. Protein is one of the most important biological macromolecules, involved in almost every process of life, such as information transmission, energy processing and material metabolism. Maternal protein intake levels may affect the integrity of the fetal genome and alter DNA methylation and gene expression. Most amino acids are supplied to the fetus from the maternal circulation through active transport of placenta. Some amino acids, such as methionine, as dietary methyl donor, play an important role in DNA methylation and body's one-carbon metabolism. The purpose of this review is to describe effects of maternal dietary protein and amino acid intake on fetal and neonatal growth and development through epigenetic mechanisms, with examples in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhibin Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunan 650201, China
| | - Yueyu Bai
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,Animal Health Supervision of Henan province, Breeding Animal Genetic Performance Measurement Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China.,Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75230, United States
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Govoni KE, Reed SA, Zinn SA. CELL BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: METABOLIC RESPONSES TO STRESS: FROM ANIMAL TO CELL: Poor maternal nutrition during gestation: effects on offspring whole-body and tissue-specific metabolism in livestock species1,2. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3142-3152. [PMID: 31070226 PMCID: PMC6606510 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition, both restricted-feeding and overfeeding, during gestation can negatively affect offspring growth, body composition, and metabolism. The effects are observed as early as the prenatal period and often persist through postnatal growth and adulthood. There is evidence of multigenerational effects demonstrating the long-term negative impacts on livestock production. We and others have demonstrated that poor maternal nutrition impairs muscle growth, increases adipose tissue, and negatively affects liver function. In addition to altered growth, changes in key metabolic factors, increased glucose concentrations, insulin insensitivity, and hyperleptinemia are observed during the postnatal period. Furthermore, there is recent evidence of altered metabolism in specific tissues (e.g., muscle, adipose, and liver) and stem cells. The systemic and local changes in metabolism demonstrate the importance of determining the mechanism(s) by which maternal diet programs offspring growth and metabolism in an effort to develop novel management practices to improve the efficiency of growth and health in these offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Govoni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Sarah A Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Steven A Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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11
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Zhang S, Heng J, Song H, Zhang Y, Lin X, Tian M, Chen F, Guan W. Role of Maternal Dietary Protein and Amino Acids on Fetal Programming, Early Neonatal Development, and Lactation in Swine. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9010019. [PMID: 30642135 PMCID: PMC6356768 DOI: 10.3390/ani9010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dietary protein is an important nutrient source for sows, necessary for not only growth and production, but also other physiological functions. Protein limitations in maternal diets have the potential to impair fetal myogenesis, while excess maternal dietary protein appears to only have minor effects on early fetal muscle formation. Effects of maternal protein deficiency on increased fat deposition in porcine neonates is inconsistent with gene expressions in the neonates. Sufficient maternal dietary protein can enhance porcine milk protein and fat concentration. Understanding the function of protein and amino acids in sows and the effects on their offspring can provide rational approaches for the regulation of piglet growth and further improvements in meat quality in the future. Abstract Maternal nutrition plays a vital role in fetal development, early development of neonates, and lactation and regulates the lifetime productivity of offspring. During pregnancy, maternal nutrition alters expression of the fetal genome and the development of tissues and organs via fetal programming. After parturition, maternal nutrition continues to regulate growth and development of piglets through maternal milk, which contains carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and oligosaccharides. Thus, deficiencies in maternal nutrition are detrimental to development of piglets, which can lead to inefficient growth and decreased carcass merit. Protein is an important nutritional component for sows, which not only functions in muscle development, but also plays a vital role in embryonic and neonatal development and lactation. Although effects of maternal undernutrition on neonatal development have been widely studied in sows, the function of different maternal dietary protein levels on fetal development, neonatal growth and lactation performance of sows is largely unknown. Determination of the effects and underlying mechanisms of maternal dietary protein levels on development of piglets is vital to the pork industry. Therefore, we summarized recent reports regarding mechanisms of effects of maternal protein levels on regulation of conceptus growth and early postnatal development though uterine fetal programming and lactation in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jinghui Heng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Hanqing Song
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Min Tian
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Roura E, Fu M. Taste, nutrient sensing and feed intake in pigs (130 years of research: then, now and future). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Nakamura K, Ohsawa I, Masuzawa R, Konno R, Watanabe A, Kawano F. Running training experience attenuates disuse atrophy in fast-twitch skeletal muscles of rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:902-913. [PMID: 28775067 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00289.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Responsiveness to physiological stimuli, such as exercise and muscular inactivation, differs in individuals. However, the mechanisms responsible for these individual differences remain poorly understood. We tested whether a prior experience of exercise training affects the responses of skeletal muscles to unloading. Young rats were assigned to perform daily running training with a treadmill for 8 wk. After an additional 8 wk of normal habitation, the rats were hindlimb unloaded by tail suspension for 1 wk. Fast-twitch plantaris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles did not atrophy after unloading in rats with training experience, although soleus muscle lost weight similar to sedentary rats. We also analyzed the transcriptome in plantaris muscle with RNA sequencing followed by hierarchical clustering analysis and found that a subset of genes that were generally upregulated in sedentary rats after unloading were less responsive in rats with training experience. The distribution of histone 3 was diminished at the loci of these genes during the training period. Although the deposition of histone 3 was restored after an additional period of normal habitation, the incorporation of H3.3 variant was promoted in rats with training experience. This remodeling of nucleosomes closely correlated to the conformational changes of chromatin and suppressed gene expression in response to unloading. These results suggest that exercise training stimulated the early turnover of histone components, which may alter the responsiveness of gene transcription to physiological stimuli.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates that disuse atrophy was suppressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscles of rats with training experience in early life. We also found a subset of genes that were less responsive to unloading in the muscle of rats with training experience. It was further determined that exercise training caused an early turnover of nucleosome components, which may alter the responsiveness of genes to stimulus in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nakamura
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, Niimura, Matsumoto City, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ikumi Ohsawa
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, Niimura, Matsumoto City, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ryo Masuzawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Matsumoto University, Niimura, Matsumoto City, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Konno
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, Niimura, Matsumoto City, Nagano, Japan
| | - Atsuya Watanabe
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Matsumoto University, Niimura, Matsumoto City, Nagano, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kawano
- Department of Sports and Health Science, Faculty of Human Health Science, Matsumoto University, Niimura, Matsumoto City, Nagano, Japan; .,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Matsumoto University, Niimura, Matsumoto City, Nagano, Japan
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14
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Chen Y, McCauley SR, Johnson SE, Rhoads RP, El-Kadi SW. Downregulated Translation Initiation Signaling Predisposes Low-Birth-Weight Neonatal Pigs to Slower Rates of Muscle Protein Synthesis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:482. [PMID: 28744224 PMCID: PMC5504233 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-birth-weight (LBWT) neonates experience restricted muscle growth in their perinatal life. Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms that contribute to slower skeletal muscle growth of LBWT neonatal pigs. Twenty-four 1-day old male LBWT (816 ± 55 g) and normal-birth-weight (NBWT; 1,642 ± 55 g) littermates (n = 12) were euthanized to collect blood and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle subsamples. Plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) were lower in LBWT compared with NBWT pigs. Muscle IGF-I mRNA expression were lower in LBWT than NBWT pigs. However, IGF-I receptor mRNA and protein abundance was greater in LD of LBWT pigs. Abundance of myostatin and its receptors, and abundance and phosphorylation of smad3 were lower in LBWT LD by comparison with NBWT LD. Abundance of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E binding protein 1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinases was lower in muscle of LBWT pigs compared with NBWT siblings, while eIF4E abundance and phosphorylation did not differ between the two groups. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) was less in LBWT muscle, possibly due to lower eIF3e abundance. In addition, abundance and phosphorylation of eIF4G was reduced in LBWT pigs by comparison with NBWT littermates, suggesting translation initiation complex formation is compromised in muscle of LBWT pigs. In conclusion, diminished S6K1 activation and translation initiation signaling are likely the major contributors to impaired muscle growth in LBWT neonatal pigs. The upregulated IGF-I R expression and downregulated myostatin signaling seem to be compensatory responses for the reduction in protein synthesis signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Sydney R McCauley
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Sally E Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Robert P Rhoads
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Samer W El-Kadi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, United States
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Marwarha G, Claycombe-Larson K, Schommer J, Ghribi O. Maternal low-protein diet decreases brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the brains of the neonatal rat offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 45:54-66. [PMID: 28432877 PMCID: PMC5466833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to a maternal low-protein (LP) diet has been known to cause cognitive impairment, learning and memory deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. Herein, we demonstrate that a maternal LP diet causes, in the brains of the neonatal rat offspring, an attenuation in the basal expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin indispensable for learning and memory. Female rats were fed either a 20% normal protein (NP) diet or an 8% LP 3 weeks before breeding and during the gestation period. Maternal LP diet caused a significant reduction in the Bdnf expression in the brains of the neonatal rats. We further found that the maternal LP diet reduced the activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. This reduction was associated with a significant decrease in CREB binding to the Bdnf promoters. We also show that prenatal exposure to the maternal LP diet results in an inactive or repressed exon I and exon IV promoter of the Bdnf gene in the brain, as evidenced by fluxes in signatory hallmarks in the enrichment of acetylated and trimethylated histones in the nucleosomes that envelop the exon I and exon IV promoters, causing the Bdnf gene to be refractory to transactivation. Our study is the first to determine the impact of a maternal LP diet on the basal expression of BDNF in the brains of the neonatal rats exposed prenatally to an LP diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep Marwarha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Kate Claycombe-Larson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Jared Schommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Othman Ghribi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
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16
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Dietary leucine supplementation alters energy metabolism and induces slow-to-fast transitions in longissimus dorsi muscle of weanling piglets. Br J Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLeucine plays an important role in promoting muscle protein synthesis and muscle remodelling. However, what percentage of leucine is appropriate in creep feed and what proteome profile alterations are caused by dietary leucine in the skeletal muscle of piglets remain elusive. In this case, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to analyse the proteome profile of the longissimus dorsi muscles of weanling piglets fed a normal leucine diet (NL; 1·66 % leucine) and a high-leucine diet (HL; 2·1 % leucine). We identified 157 differentially expressed proteins between these two groups. Bioinformatics analysis of these proteins exhibited the suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid β-oxidation, as well as the activation of glycolysis, in the HL group. For further confirmation, we identified that SDHB, ATP5F1, ACADM and HADHB were significantly down-regulated (P<0·01, except ATP5F1, P<0·05), whereas the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase was significantly up-regulated (P<0·05) in the HL group. We also show that enhanced muscle protein synthesis and the transition from slow-to-fast fibres are altered by leucine. Together, these results indicate that leucine may alter energy metabolism and promote slow-to-fast transitions in the skeletal muscle of weanling piglets.
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17
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Zhang Y, Yu B, He J, Chen D. From Nutrient to MicroRNA: a Novel Insight into Cell Signaling Involved in Skeletal Muscle Development and Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1247-1261. [PMID: 27766039 PMCID: PMC5069446 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a remarkably complicated organ comprising many different cell types, and it plays an important role in lifelong metabolic health. Nutrients, as an external regulator, potently regulate skeletal muscle development through various internal regulatory factors, such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and microRNAs (miRNAs). As a nutrient sensor, mTOR, integrates nutrient availability to regulate myogenesis and directly or indirectly influences microRNA expression. MiRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs mediating gene silencing, are implicated in myogenesis and muscle-related diseases. Meanwhile, growing evidence has emerged supporting the notion that the expression of myogenic miRNAs could be regulated by nutrients in an epigenetic mechanism. Therefore, this review presents a novel insight into the cell signaling network underlying nutrient-mTOR-miRNA pathway regulation of skeletal myogenesis and summarizes the epigenetic modifications in myogenic differentiation, which will provide valuable information for potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, P. R. China.; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, P. R. China.; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, P. R. China.; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, P. R. China.; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
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18
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Zou T, He D, Yu B, Yu J, Mao X, Zheng P, He J, Huang Z, Chen D. Moderate Maternal Energy Restriction During Gestation in Pigs Attenuates Fetal Skeletal Muscle Development Through Changing Myogenic Gene Expression and Myofiber Characteristics. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:156-167. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116651151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiande Zou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongting He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease–Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Li Y, Li F, Wu L, Wei H, Liu Y, Li T, Tan B, Kong X, Yao K, Chen S, Wu F, Duan Y, Yin Y. Effects of dietary protein restriction on muscle fiber characteristics and mTORC1 pathway in the skeletal muscle of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:47. [PMID: 27555912 PMCID: PMC4994323 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) restriction on muscle fiber characteristics and key regulators related to protein deposition in skeletal muscle, a total of 18 growing-finishing pigs (62.30 ± 0.88 kg) were allotted to 3 groups and fed with the recommended adequate protein (AP, 16 % CP) diet, moderately restricted protein (MP, 13 % CP) diet and low protein (LP, 10 % CP) diet, respectively. The skeletal muscle of different locations in pigs, including longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM), psoas major muscle (PMM) and biceps femoris muscle (BFM) were collected and analyzed. Results Results showed that growing-finishing pigs fed the MP or AP diet improved (P < 0.01) the average daily gain and feed: gain ratio compared with those fed the LP diet, and the MP diet tended to increase (P = 0.09) the weight of LDM. Moreover, the ATP content and energy charge value were varied among muscle samples from different locations of pigs fed the reduced protein diets. We also observed that pigs fed the MP diet up-regulated (P < 0.05) muscular mRNA expression of all the selected key genes, except that myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIb, MyHC IIx, while mRNA expression of ubiquitin ligases genes was not affected by dietary CP level. Additionally, the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway was stimulated (P < 0.05) in skeletal muscle of the pigs fed the MP or AP diet compared with those fed the LP diet. Conclusion The results suggest that the pigs fed the MP diet could catch up to the growth performance and the LDM weight of the pigs fed the AP diet, and the underlying mechanism may be partly due to the alteration in energy status, modulation of muscle fiber characteristics and mTORC1 activation as well as its downstream effectors in skeletal muscle of different locations in growing-finishing pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40104-016-0106-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China ; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS; Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- College of Animal Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Bie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China ; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS; Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Kang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China ; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS; Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Fei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125 China ; School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410018 China
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Sharples AP, Stewart CE, Seaborne RA. Does skeletal muscle have an 'epi'-memory? The role of epigenetics in nutritional programming, metabolic disease, aging and exercise. Aging Cell 2016; 15:603-16. [PMID: 27102569 PMCID: PMC4933662 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass, quality and adaptability are fundamental in promoting muscle performance, maintaining metabolic function and supporting longevity and healthspan. Skeletal muscle is programmable and can ‘remember’ early‐life metabolic stimuli affecting its function in adult life. In this review, the authors pose the question as to whether skeletal muscle has an ‘epi’‐memory? Following an initial encounter with an environmental stimulus, we discuss the underlying molecular and epigenetic mechanisms enabling skeletal muscle to adapt, should it re‐encounter the stimulus in later life. We also define skeletal muscle memory and outline the scientific literature contributing to this field. Furthermore, we review the evidence for early‐life nutrient stress and low birth weight in animals and human cohort studies, respectively, and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms culminating in skeletal muscle dysfunction, metabolic disease and loss of skeletal muscle mass across the lifespan. We also summarize and discuss studies that isolate muscle stem cells from different environmental niches in vivo (physically active, diabetic, cachectic, aged) and how they reportedly remember this environment once isolated in vitro. Finally, we will outline the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle memory and review the epigenetic regulation of exercise‐induced skeletal muscle adaptation, highlighting exercise interventions as suitable models to investigate skeletal muscle memory in humans. We believe that understanding the ‘epi’‐memory of skeletal muscle will enable the next generation of targeted therapies to promote muscle growth and reduce muscle loss to enable healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Sharples
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology (SCAMP) Research Unit Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG) Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES) Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
| | - Claire E. Stewart
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology (SCAMP) Research Unit Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG) Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES) Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
| | - Robert A. Seaborne
- Stem Cells, Ageing and Molecular Physiology (SCAMP) Research Unit Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation Research Group (EMARG) Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES) Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
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Busato KC, Gomes RA, Ladeira MM, Duarte MS, Freitas NC, Rodrigues AC, Chalfun-Junior A, Paiva LV, Chizzotti ML. Expression of genes related to the regulation of muscle protein turnover in Angus and Nellore bulls. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1472-81. [PMID: 27136006 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the expression of genes related to the regulation of muscle protein turnover in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of Angus and Nellore bulls and to estimate the within-breed correlations of gene expression and performance traits. Thirteen genes related to the IGF-1 and myostatin pathways were studied. Thirteen animals, with an initial average BW of 381.2 ± 11.8 kg, from each breed were used in a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design (2 breeds and 2 feeding levels). The diet consisted of corn silage and a corn-soybean meal concentrate in a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 30:70. Cattle were fed ad libitum (with 9 animals from each breed) or feed restricted (a 55% restriction of total DMI of ad libitum-fed animals, calculated as percentage of metabolic BW, with 4 animals of each breed). The experimental period lasted for 82 d and it was preceded by a 28-d adaptation period. The performance traits evaluated were slaughter body weight, total ADG (from d 1 to 82 of the trial), initial ADG (from d 1 to 41 of the trial), final ADG (from d 42 to 82 of the trial), total DMI (from d 1 to 82 of the trial), initial DMI (from d 1 to 41 of the trial), final DMI (from d 42 to 82 of the trial), HCW, LD weight (LDW), and rib eye area (REA). After slaughter, samples were taken from the LD muscle between the 12th and 13th ribs for gene expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. There was no difference ( > 0.05) in the expression of any of the genes studied between ad libitum-fed Angus and ad libitum-fed Nellore, whereas feed restriction increased the expression of (; < 0.001), (; = 0.05), and (; = 0.04) and decreased the expression of ( < 0.01). The REA was negatively correlated to (; = 0.01), (; = 0.02), and ( = 0.05). The HCW was negatively correlated to ( = 0.01) and ( = 0.01) and tended to be negatively correlated to ( = 0.07), whereas the LDW tended to be negatively correlated to ( = 0.08). The genes , , and seem to be important for muscle growth and may be worthy of further investigation as future strategies for increasing muscle in livestock.
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