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Rishabh, Bansal S, Goel A, Gupta S, Malik D, Bansal N. Unravelling the Crosstalk between Estrogen Deficiency and Gut-biotaDysbiosis in the Development of Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e240124226067. [PMID: 38275037 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998275953231129094057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Estrogens are classically considered essential hormonal signals, but they exert profound effects in a number of physiological and pathological states, including glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Estrogen deficiency after menopause in most women leads to increased androgenicity and changes in body composition, and it is recommended to manipulate the β-cell function of the pancreas, insulin-induced glucose transport, and hepatic glucose output, hence, the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, studies have reported that gut biota alteration due to estrogen deficiency contributes to altered energy metabolism and, hence, accentuates the pathology of diabetes mellitus. Emerging research suggests estrogen deficiency via genetic disposition or failure of ovaries to function in old age modulates the insulin resistance and glucose secretion workload on pancreatic beta cells by decreasing the levels of good bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia spp., and Prevotella spp., and increasing the levels of bad bacteria's such as Bacteroides spp., Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp. Alteration in these bacteria's concentrations in the gut further leads to the development of impaired glucose uptake by the muscles, increased gluconeogenesis in the liver, and increased lipolysis and inflammation in the adipose tissues. Thus, the present review paper aims to clarify the intricate interactions between estrogen deficiency, gut microbiota regulation, and the development of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Seema Bansal
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Akriti Goel
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Deepti Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bilaspur, HP, India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacy, Chaudhary Bansilal University, Bhiwani, India
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Kang Y, Oba PM, Gaulke CA, Sánchez-Sánchez L, Swanson KS. Dietary Inclusion of Yellow Mealworms (T. molitor) and Lesser Mealworms (A. diaperinus) Modifies Intestinal Microbiota Populations of Diet-Induced Obesity Mice. J Nutr 2023; 153:3220-3236. [PMID: 37714334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect-based proteins are high-quality alternatives to support the shift toward more sustainable and healthy diets. Additionally, insects contain chitin and have unique fatty acid profiles. Studies have shown that mealworms may beneficially affect metabolism, but limited information is known regarding their effects on gut microbiota. OBJECTIVES We determined the effects of defatted yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and whole lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) meals on the intestinal microbiota of diet-induced obesity mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 46% kcal) to induce obesity. Obese mice were then randomly assigned to treatments (n = 10/group) and fed for 8 wk: HFD, HFD with casein protein; B50, HFD with 50% protein from whole lesser mealworm; B100, HFD with 100% protein from whole lesser mealworm; Y50, HFD with 50% protein from defatted yellow mealworm; Y100, HFD with 100% protein from defatted yellow mealworm. Lean mice (n = 10) fed a low-fat-diet (10% kcal) were included. Fresh feces were collected at baseline and every 2 wk, with cecal digesta collected at kill. Fecal and cecal DNA was analyzed for microbiota using 16S rRNA MiSeq Illumina sequencing. RESULTS In feces and cecal digesta, mice fed mealworms had greater (P < 0.05) bacterial alpha diversity, with changes occurring in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Beta diversity analyses of cecal samples showed a clear separation of treatments, with a time-based separation shown in fecal samples. Widespread microbial differences were observed, with over 45 genera altered (P < 0.05) by diet in cecal digesta. In feces, over 50 genera and 40 genera were altered (P < 0.05) by diet and time, respectively. CONCLUSION Mealworm consumption changes the intestinal microbiota of obese mice, increasing alpha diversity measures and shifting bacterial taxa. More investigation is required to determine what mealworm components are responsible and how they may be linked with the metabolic benefits observed in mealworm-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Kang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Patricia M Oba
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Christopher A Gaulke
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | - Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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Yang HJ, Zhang T, Yue Y, Jeong SJ, Ryu MS, Wu X, Li C, Jeong DY, Park S. Protective Effect of Long-Term Fermented Soybeans with Abundant Bacillus subtilis on Glucose and Bone Metabolism and Memory Function in Ovariectomized Rats: Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:2958. [PMID: 37569228 PMCID: PMC10418888 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of different types of long-term fermented soybeans (traditionally made doenjang; TMD) on glucose and bone metabolism and memory function in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The rats were categorized into six groups: Control, cooked unfermented soybeans (CSB), and four TMDs based on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and biogenic amine contents analyzed previously: high B. subtilis (HS) and high biogenic amines (HA; HSHA), low B. subtilis (LS) and HA (LSHA), HS and low biogenic amines (LA; HSLA), and LS and LA (LSLA). The rats in the CSB and TMD groups fed orally had a 4% high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Rats in the Control (OVX rats) and Normal-control (Sham-operated rats) groups did not consume CSB or TMD, although macronutrient contents were the same in all groups. Uterine weight and serum 17β-estradiol concentrations were much lower in the Control than the Normal-control group, but CSB and TMD intake did not alter them regardless of B. subtilis and biogenic amine contents. HOMA-IR, a measure of insulin resistance, decreased with TMD with high B. subtilis (HSLA and HSHA) compared to the Control group. In OGTT and IPGTT, serum glucose concentrations at each time point were higher in the Control than in the Normal-control, and HSLA and HSHA lowered them. Memory function was preserved with HSHA and HSLA administration. Bone mineral density decline measured by DEXA analysis was prevented in the HSHA and HSLA groups. Bone metabolism changes were associated with decreased osteoclastic activity, parathyroid hormone levels, and osteoclastic activity-related parameters. Micro-CT results demonstrated that TMD, especially HSLA and HSHA, preserved bone structure in OVX rats. TMD also modulated the fecal bacterial community, increasing Lactobacillus, Ligalactobacillus, and Bacillus. In conclusion, through gut microbiota modulation, TMD, particularly with high B. subtilis content, acts as a synbiotic to benefit glucose, bone, and memory function in OVX rats. Further research is needed to make specific recommendations for B. subtilis-rich TMD for menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jong Yang
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-gun 56048, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (M.-S.R.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Yu Yue
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Su-Ji Jeong
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-gun 56048, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (M.-S.R.)
| | - Myeong-Seon Ryu
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-gun 56048, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (M.-S.R.)
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Do-Yeon Jeong
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-gun 56048, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (M.-S.R.)
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
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Kang Y, Applegate CC, He F, Oba PM, Vieson MD, Sánchez-Sánchez L, Swanson KS. Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and Lesser Mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) Proteins Slowed Weight Gain and Improved Metabolism of Diet-Induced Obesity Mice. J Nutr 2023; 153:2237-2248. [PMID: 37331631 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-protein diets not only meet amino acid needs but also modulate satiety and energy metabolism. Insect-based proteins are sustainable, high-quality proteins. Mealworms have been studied, but limited information is known about their ability to impact metabolism and obesity. OBJECTIVE We determined the effects of defatted yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)- and whole lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus)-based proteins on the body weight (BW), serum metabolites, and liver and adipose tissue (AT) histology and gene expression of diet-induced obesity mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 46% kcal) to induce obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obese mice were then assigned to treatments (n = 10/group) and fed for 8 wk: HFD: HFD with casein protein; B50: HFD with 50% protein from whole lesser mealworm; B100: HFD with 100% protein from whole lesser mealworm; Y50: HFD with 50% protein from defatted yellow mealworm; Y100: HFD with 100% protein from defatted yellow mealworm. Lean mice (n = 10) fed a low-fat-diet (LFD; 10% kcal) were included. Longitudinal food intake, BW, body composition, and glucose response were measured. At time of killing, serum metabolites, tissue histopathology and gene expression, and hepatic triglycerides were analyzed. RESULTS After 8 wk, HFD, B50, and B100 had greater (P < 0.05) weight gain than LFD, whereas Y50 and Y100 did not. Y50, B100, and Y100 had a lower (P < 0.05) BW change rate than HFD. Mealworm-based diets led to increased (P < 0.05) serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and reduced (P < 0.05) serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations and reduced (P<0.05) LDL/HDL ratio. Mealworm-based diets led to increased (P < 0.05) hepatic expression of genes related to energy balance, immune response, and antioxidants and reduced (P < 0.05) AT expression of genes associated with inflammation and apoptosis. Mealworm-based diets altered (P < 0.05) hepatic and AT expression of glucose and lipid metabolism genes. CONCLUSIONS In addition to serving as an alternative protein source, mealworms may confer health benefits to obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Kang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Catherine C Applegate
- The Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Fei He
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Patricia M Oba
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Miranda D Vieson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | - Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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Mo R, Zhang M, Wang H, Liu T, Liu P, Wu Y. Chitosan Enhances Intestinal Health in Cats by Altering the Composition of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040529. [PMID: 37110186 PMCID: PMC10145270 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between gut microbiota and the health of the host has gained increasing attention. Chitosan is a natural alkaline polysaccharide with a wide range of beneficial effects. However, rare studies have been observed on the effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on intestinal health in cats. A total of 30 cats with mild diarrhea were divided into three groups, receiving a basic diet with 0 (CON), 500 (L-CS) or 2000 (H-CS) mg/kg chitosan. Samples of blood and feces were collected and analyzed for serology and gut microbiota composition. The results demonstrated that chitosan alleviated symptoms of diarrhea, with enhanced antioxidant capability and decreased inflammatory biomarker levels in serum. Chitosan reshaped the composition of gut microbiota in cats that the beneficial bacteria Allobaculum was significantly increased in the H-CS group. Acetate and butyrate contents in feces were significantly higher in the H-CS group in comparison to the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of dietary chitosan in cats enhanced intestinal health by modulating their intestinal microbes and improved microbiota-derived SCFA production. Our results provided insights into the role of chitosan in the gut microbiota of felines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Stull VJ, Weir TL. Chitin and omega-3 fatty acids in edible insects have underexplored benefits for the gut microbiome and human health. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:283-287. [PMID: 37117549 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
A healthy gut microbiome is critical for nutrient metabolism, pathogen inhibition and immune regulation, and is highly influenced by diet. Edible insects are good sources of protein and micronutrients, but unlike other animal-derived foods, they also contain both dietary fibre and omega-3 fatty acids that can modulate gut microbiota. Here we explore the potential impacts of insect consumption on the microbiome. Laboratory, animal and human studies indicate that insect fibre in the form of chitin and its derivatives can modify gut microbiota with beneficial outcomes. Some insects also contain favourable omega-3/omega-6 ratios. We identify gaps in the literature-especially a dearth of human studies-that must be addressed to better understand health impacts of entomophagy. Insects, already eaten across the globe, can be farmed using fewer resources than conventional livestock. Widening the research scope offers an opportunity to advance use of edible insects to address interconnected environmental and health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Stull
- Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Tiffany L Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Zhang T, Yue Y, Jeong SJ, Ryu MS, Wu X, Yang HJ, Li C, Jeong DY, Park S. Improvement of Estrogen Deficiency Symptoms by the Intake of Long-Term Fermented Soybeans (Doenjang) Rich in Bacillus Species through Modulating Gut Microbiota in Estrogen-Deficient Rats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061143. [PMID: 36981070 PMCID: PMC10048008 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally made doenjang (TMD) produced by the long-term fermentation of soybeans with salt may improve symptoms of estrogen deficiency. We aimed to evaluate the effects of four TMD types, containing low and high amounts of Bacillus species and biogenic amines (HBHA, HBLA, LBHA, and LBLA), on energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism, by altering the gut microbiota in estrogen-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Their mechanisms were also examined. The OVX rats were divided into the control, cooked soybean (CSB), HBHA, LBHA, HBLA, and LBLA groups. Sham-operated rats were the normal control group. Serum 17β-estradiol concentrations were similar among all OVX groups. Tail skin temperatures, which are indicative of hot flashes, were higher in the control than the HBHA and HBLA groups and were similar to the normal control group. Weight gain and visceral fat mass were lower in the TMD and CSB intake groups but not as low as in the normal control group. Lean body mass showed a trend opposite to that of visceral fat in the respective groups. The hepatic triglyceride content decreased with the TMD intake compared to the control and CSB groups. mRNA expressions of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 in the TMD and CSB groups were as high as in the normal control group, and the PPAR-γ mRNA expression was more elevated in the HBLA group than in the normal control group. The morphology of the intestines improved in the TMD groups compared to the control, and the HBHA and HBLA groups showed an enhanced improvement compared to the CSB group. The HBHA, HBLA, and LBHA groups increased the α-diversity of the cecal microbiota compared to the control. Akkermenia and Lactobacillus were higher in the HBLA and LBLA groups compared to the control. The expression of the estrogen, forkhead box proteins of the class-O subgroup, and insulin-signaling pathways were lower in the control group, and HBHA and HBLA prevented their decrement. In conclusion, long-term treatment with TMD containing high amounts of Bacillus potentially improves estrogen deficiency symptoms more than unfermented soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, 20 hoseoro79bun-gil, Baebang-yup, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Yue
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Ji Jeong
- Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, 61-27 Minsokmaeul-gil, Sunchang-Gun 56048, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Seon Ryu
- Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, 61-27 Minsokmaeul-gil, Sunchang-Gun 56048, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, 20 hoseoro79bun-gil, Baebang-yup, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Yang
- Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, 61-27 Minsokmaeul-gil, Sunchang-Gun 56048, Republic of Korea
| | - Chen Li
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Youn Jeong
- Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, 61-27 Minsokmaeul-gil, Sunchang-Gun 56048, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, 20 hoseoro79bun-gil, Baebang-yup, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
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Hu S, Ding Q, Zhang W, Kang M, Ma J, Zhao L. Gut microbial beta-glucuronidase: a vital regulator in female estrogen metabolism. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2236749. [PMID: 37559394 PMCID: PMC10416750 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2236749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing amount of evidence has supported that gut microbiota plays a vital role in the reproductive endocrine system throughout a woman's whole life, and gut microbial β-glucuronidase (gmGUS) is a key factor in regulating host estrogen metabolism. Moreover, estrogen levels also influence the composition as well as the diversity of gut microbiota. In normal condition, the gmGUS-estrogen crosstalk maintains body homeostasis of physiological estrogen level. Once this homeostasis is broken, the estrogen metabolism will be disturbed, resulting in estrogen-related diseases, such as gynecological cancers, menopausal syndrome, etc. together with gut microbial dysbiosis, which may accelerate these pathological processes. In this review, we highlight the regulatory role of gmGUS on the physical estrogen metabolism and estrogen-related diseases, summarize the present evidence of the interaction between gmGUS and estrogen metabolism, and unwrap the potential mechanisms behind them. Finally, gmGUS may become a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of estrogen-induced diseases. Regulating gmGUS activity or transplanting gmGUS-producing microbes shows promise for treating estrogen-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwan Hu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyou Ding
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mengjiao Kang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yu W, Yang Y, Chen H, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Huang X, Huang Z, Li T, Zhou C, Ma Z, Wu Q, Lin H. Effects of dietary chitosan on the growth, health status and disease resistance of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). Carbohydr Polym 2023; 300:120237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kim DS, Zhang T, Park S. Protective effects of Forsythiae fructus and Cassiae semen water extract against memory deficits through the gut-microbiome-brain axis in an Alzheimer's disease model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:212-224. [PMID: 35076339 PMCID: PMC8794073 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2025860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fruits of Forsythia suspensa Vahl (Oleaceae) and seeds of Cassia obtusifolia Linne (Caesalpinaceae) have been used to treat inflammation in Asia. OBJECTIVE We examined the alleviation of memory function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats fed Forsythiae Fructus (FF) and Cassiae Semen water extracts (CS) and investigated the mechanisms responsible for the effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats had hippocampal infusions of amyloid-β(25-35) (AD rats; memory deficit), and ten rats were infused with amyloid-β(35-25) (non-AD rats; no memory deficit). For eight weeks, all rats freely consumed high-fat diets (43% lard) incorporated with 200 mg/kg body weight assigned aqueous herbal extracts: AD-FF, AD-CS, or without extracts AD-CON (control), non-AD (normal-control). RESULTS Memory impairment was prevented in the AD-FF (0.54 ± 0.06-fold) and the AD-CS rats (0.33 ± 0.04-fold) compared to the AD-CON by inhibiting amyloid-β deposition to the levels less than one-fourth of the AD-CON group. The hippocampal pAkt→pGSK-3β→pFOXO1 pathway was attenuated by approximately 3.25-fold in the AD-CON, while AD-FF prevented the attenuation better than AD-CS. The relative intensity of hippocampal tau protein based on β-actin was suppressed with AD-FF (0.68 ± 0.09) and AD-CS (0.96 ± 0.81), compared to AD-CON (1.19 ± 0.13). AD decreased the abundance of Bacteroidales by 34.2% and Lactobacillales by 23.8% and increased Clostridiales by 181% while the AD-FF, but not the AD-CS, normalised the gut microbiota changes to be similar to the non-AD. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS FF improved memory deficits better than CS in an AD-induced rat model. The potential neuroprotective benefits of FF against AD may be applicable to human AD therapy with additional clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Sol Kim
- Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Ting Zhang
- Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
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Han Q, Chen ZJ, Du Y. Dietary supplementation for female infertility: Recent advances in the nutritional therapy for premature ovarian insufficiency. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001209. [PMID: 36466679 PMCID: PMC9712792 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) ranks top in the reproductive disorders that may impair multiple functioning systems, reduce the quality of life and ultimately deprive patients of their fertility among women. Symptoms can be partially alleviated by present hormone replacement therapy that cannot improve conception or decrease occurrence rates of systemic complication. Nutritional dietary supplements are attracting more and more attention because of their safety, bioavailability, and efficacy for well-being. Nutrients in the daily food are composed of carbohydrates, fat and lipoprotein, protein and polypeptide, vitamins, and vegetable or fruits containing phytoestrogens. These are functional nutrients due to the proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and mitochondria-protective potential during the course of menopause. Apart from dietary nutrients, microbe-related nutritional substances, including probiotics, prebiotics and the combination-synbiotics, display high potential as well in supporting estrous cycle, ovarian viability and modulating other vital reproductive functions. The present review will discuss dietary and microbial nutrients and their roles and applications in the living body based upon animal or human research, evaluate possible effect mechanisms from molecular, cellular and tissue levels, and provide insights into nutritional therapy for prolonging reproductive lifespan in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Han
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
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Park S, Wu X. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Memory Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease via the Inhibition of the Parasympathetic Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13574. [PMID: 36362360 PMCID: PMC9657043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been demonstrated to play a critical role in maintaining cognitive function via the gut-brain axis, which may be related to the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). However, the exact mechanism remains to be determined. We investigated that patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) could exhibit an altered gut microbiota through the suppression of the PNS, compared to the healthy individuals, using the combined gut microbiota data from previous human studies. The hypothesis was validated in rats to suppress the PNS by scopolamine injections. The human fecal bacterial FASTA/Q files were selected and combined from four different AD studies (n = 410). All rats had a high-fat diet and treatments for six weeks. The MD rats had memory impairment by scopolamine injection (2 mg/kg body weight; MD, Control) or no memory impairment by saline injection. The scopolamine-injected rats had a donepezil intake as the positive group. In the optimal model generated from the XGboost analysis, Blautia luti, Pseudomonas mucidoiens, Escherichia marmotae, and Gemmiger formicillis showed a positive correlation with MCI while Escherichia fergusonii, Mycobacterium neglectum, and Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus were positively correlated with AD in the participants with enterotype Bacteroides (ET-B, n = 369). The predominant bacteria in the AD group were negatively associated in the networking analysis with the bacteria in the healthy group of ET-B participants. From the animal study, the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Bilophilia was lower, and that of Escherichia, Blautia, and Clostridium was higher in the scopolamine-induced memory deficit (MD) group than in the normal group. These results suggest that MCI was associated with the PNS suppression and could progress to AD by exacerbating the gut dysbiosis. MCI increased Clostridium and Blautia, and its progression to AD elevated Escherichia and Pseudomonas. Therefore, the modulation of the PNS might be linked to an altered gut microbiota and brain function, potentially through the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
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Zhang T, Huang S, Qiu J, Wu X, Yuan H, Park S. Beneficial Effect of Gastrodia elata Blume and Poria cocos Wolf Administration on Acute UVB Irradiation by Alleviating Inflammation through Promoting the Gut-Skin Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10833. [PMID: 36142744 PMCID: PMC9504230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds in some herbs can, directly and indirectly, protect against photoaging. We evaluated the effects of Gastrodia elata Blume (GE) and Poria cocos Wolf (PC) water extracts on ultraviolet (UV) B-induced skin lesions by acute UVB exposure in ICR mice and explored their mechanism of action. After removing the hair on the back of the mice, UVB (280-310 nm) was exposed to the back for 30 min to induce skin damage. Four UVB exposure groups were divided into the following according to the local application (1,3-butanediol extract) on the dorsal skin and oral intake (0.3 g water extract/kg body weight/day): 1,3-butanediol and cellulose(control; UV-Con), retinoic acid (positive-control; UV-Positive), PC extracts (UV-PC), and GE extracts (UV-GE). The fifth group had no UVB exposure with the same treatment as the UV-Con (Normal-control). The erythema, burns, erosion, and wounds of the UV-PC and UV-PC groups were alleviated, and the most significant improvements occurred in the UV-PC group. PC and GE reduced the thickness of the dorsal skin tissue, the penetration of mast cells, and malondialdehyde contents. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-13, and IL-4, inflammatory factors, were also reduced significantly in the dorsal skin of the UV-PC and UV-GE groups. UV-PC, UV-GE, and UV-Positive showed improvements in UV-induced intestinal tissue inflammation. UV-Con deteriorated the intestinal morphology, and PC and GE alleviated it. The α-diversity of the fecal microbiota decreased in the UV-control, and UV-PC and UV-GE prevented the decrease. Fecal metagenome analysis revealed increased propionate biosynthesis in the UV-PC group but decreased lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in the UV-PC and UV-GE groups compared to UV-Con. In conclusion, the local application and intake of PC and GE had significant therapeutic effects on acute UV-induced skin damage by reducing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, potentially promoting the gut-microbiota-gut-skin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Shaokai Huang
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Jingyi Qiu
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Heng Yuan
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
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Wu C, Zheng T, Chen H, Zou P, Zhang M, Wang J, Li N, Zhang Y, Li Y, Dong Z. Effect and Mechanism of Pharmaceutical Excipients on Berberine to Alleviate Ulcerative Colitis via Regulating Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185997. [PMID: 36144733 PMCID: PMC9503871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Various potential effect of drugs on alleviating diseases by regulating intestinal microbiome as well as the pharmaceutical excipients on gut microbiota has been revealed. However, the interaction between them is rarely investigated. Methods: Histological analysis, immunohistochemistry analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis, RT-qPCR, and 16S rRNA analysis were utilized to explore the effect mechanism of the five excipients including hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) F4M, Eudragit (EU) S100, chitosan (CT), pectin (PT), and rheum officinale polysaccharide (DHP) on berberine (BBR) to cure UC. Results: The combined BBR with PT and DHP group exhibited better therapeutic efficacy of UC with significantly increased colon length, and decreased hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) scores than other groups. Furthermore, the expression of tight junction ZO-1 and occludin in colon tissue were upregulated, and claudin-2 was downregulated. Ultimately, the serum content of tumor necrosis (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 was decreased. Moreover, the combined BBR with PT significantly promoted the restoration of gut microbiota. The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus was significantly increased by the supplement of PT and DHP, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was downregulated. Conclusions: Our study may provide a new perspective that the selection of pharmaceutical excipients could be a crucial factor affecting the drugs’ therapeutic efficiency outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wu
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Peizhi Zou
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengxue Zhang
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinrui Wang
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nan Li
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Li
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhengqi Dong
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Z.D.)
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15
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Zhang T, Wu X, Yuan H, Huang S, Park S. Mitigation of Memory Impairment with Fermented Fucoidan and λ-Carrageenan Supplementation through Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Their Metagenome Function in Hippocampal Amyloid-β Infused Rats. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152301. [PMID: 35892598 PMCID: PMC9367263 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuating acetylcholinesterase and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in the hippocampus is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. Fucoidan and carrageenan are brown and red algae, respectively, with potent antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral activities. This study examined how low-molecular-weight (MW) and high-MW fucoidan and λ-carrageenan would improve memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease-induced rats caused by an infusion of toxic amyloid-β(Aβ). Fucoidan and λ-carrageenan were dissected into low-MW by Luteolibacter algae and Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora. Rats receiving an Aβ(25–35) infusion in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed dextrin (AD-Con), 1% high-MW fucoidan (AD-F-H), 1% low-MW fucoidan (AD-F-L), 1% high-MW λ-carrageenan (AD-C-H), and 1% low-MW λ-carrageenan (AD-C-L) for six weeks. Rats to receive saline infusion (Normal-Con) had an AD-Con diet. The AD-F-L group showed an improved memory function, which manifested as an enhanced Y-maze spontaneous alternation test, water maze, and passive avoidance tests, similar to the Normal-Con group. AD-F-L also potentiated hippocampal insulin signaling and increased the expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. AD-C-L improved the memory function mainly by increasing the BDNF content. AD-F-H and AD-C-H did not improve the memory function. Compared to AD-Con, the ascending order of AD-C-H, AD-F-H, AD-C-L, and AD-F-L increased insulin signaling by enhancing the pSTAT3→pAkt→pGSK-3β pathway. AD-F-L improved glucose tolerance the most. Compared to AD-CON, the AD-F-L treatment increased the serum acetate concentrations and compensated for the defect of cerebral glucose metabolism. AD-Con increased Clostridium, Terrisporobacter and Sporofaciens compared to Normal-Con, and AD-F-L and AD-C-L increased Akkermentia. In conclusion, AD-F-L and AD-C-L alleviated the memory function in the rats with induced AD symptoms by modulating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Heng Yuan
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Shaokai Huang
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-5633; Fax: +82-41-540-5638
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Alleviation of Metabolic Disturbance by Substituting Kanjang High in Bacillus for Salt through Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Estrogen-Deficient Rats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131951. [PMID: 35804768 PMCID: PMC9265560 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A high salt intake may exacerbate menopausal symptoms and substituting for different types of traditionally made kanjang (TMK; soy sauce) may prevent it. This study examined whether substituting salt with lyophilized TMK containing low and high Bacillus and biogenic amines in a high-fat diet might modulate the menopausal symptoms and the energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. They were categorized into salt (Control), TMK with high Bacillus and low biogenic amines (HBLB), TMK with high Bacillus and high biogenic amines (HBHB), TMK with low Bacillus and low biogenic amines (LBLB), and TMK with low Bacillus and high biogenic amines (LBHB). Sham-operated rats consumed the same diet as the Control. HBLB, HBHB, and LBHB prevented increased tail skin temperature compared to the Control. HBHB and HBLB partially inhibited the increased weight gain and abdominal fat mass by reducing the food efficiency without changing the serum 17β-estradiol concentrations. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations and the insulin resistance index by the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance showed a positive association for weight gain. HBLB and HBHB decreased the serum malondialdehyde and tumor-necrosis factor-α levels. Hepatic triglyceride storage was lower in all TMK groups than in the Control, while hepatic glycogen accumulation was higher in the HBLB, HBHB, and LBHB groups than in the Control and LBLB groups. Accordingly, the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ(PPAR-γ) was higher in the HBLB and HBHB groups compared to the Control, and that of fatty acid synthase was opposite to PPAR-γ expression. However, HBLB and HBHB improved dyslipidemia and insulin resistance compared to the Control, but their improvement did not reach that of the Normal-control. The acetic acid concentrations in the portal vein were lower in the LBLB than in the Control, while the butyric acid contents were higher in the LBHB and HBLB groups than in the Control. HBHB, HBLB, and LBHB elevated Akkermansia and Lactobacillus, and HBLB and LBLB increased Bacteroides and Ruminococcus compared to the Control. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation, bile acid synthesis, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis were significantly higher in the HBLB group than in the Control group. In conclusion, substituting salts to TMK with a high Bacillus content regardless of the bioamine contents partially improved the menopausal symptoms and metabolic disturbance in estrogen-deficient animals.
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Park S, Zhang T, Yue Y, Wu X. Effects of Bile Acid Modulation by Dietary Fat, Cholecystectomy, and Bile Acid Sequestrant on Energy, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115935. [PMID: 35682613 PMCID: PMC9180239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acid metabolism, involved with the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gut, is linked to the gut microbiota community, greatly impacting the host’s metabolism. We examined the hypothesis that the modulation of bile acid metabolism by dietary fat contents, gallbladder removal (GBX; cholecystectomy), and bile acid sequestrant (BAS; cholestyramine) treatment could alter energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism through the changes in the gut microbiota. Mice were randomly assigned to the following six groups: (1) Sham GBX surgery (Sham) + low fat/high carbohydrate diet (LFD), (2) Sham + high fat diet (HFD), (3) Sham + HFD + BAS, (4) GBX + LFD, (5) GBX + HFD, and (6) GBX + HFD + BAS. BAS groups received 2% cholestyramine. After an 8-week intervention, energy, glucose, and lipid metabolism, and the gut microbiota community were measured. HFD groups exhibited higher body weight gain than LFD, and GBX increased the weight gain comped to Sham groups regardless of BAS in HFD (p < 0.05). Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was higher in HFD than LFD, and GBX increased it regardless of BAS. Serum lipid profiles were worsened in GBX + HFD compared to Sham + LFD, whereas BAS alleviated them, except for serum HDL cholesterol. Hepatic tumor-necrosis-factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA expression and lipid peroxide contents increased with GBX and BAS treatment compared to Sham and no BAS treatment (p < 0.05). Hepatic mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP1c) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) exhibited the same trend as that of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The α-diversity of gut bacteria decreased in GBX + HFD and increased in GBX + HFD + BAS. Akkermentia, Dehalobacterium, SMB53, and Megamonas were high in the Sham + LFD, and Veillonella and Streptococcus were rich in the Sham + HFD, while Oscillospira and Olsenella were high in Sham + HFD + BAS (p < 0.05). GBX + LFD increased Lactobacillus and Sutterella while GBX + HFD + BAS elevated Clostridium, Alistipes, Blautia, Eubacterium, and Coprobacillus (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the modulation of bile acid metabolism influences energy, glucose, and lipid metabolisms, and it might be linked to changes in the gut microbiota by bile acid metabolism modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.)
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-5345; Fax: +82-41-548-0670
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Yu Yue
- Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea;
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.)
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Bao Z, Zhang Z, Zhou G, Zhang A, Shao A, Zhou F. Novel Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets for Ischemic Stroke: A Focus on Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:871720. [PMID: 35656406 PMCID: PMC9152006 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.871720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke with limited treatment options. Although the pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke have been comprehensively studied, no effective therapies were translated into clinical practice. Gut microbiota is a complex and diverse dynamic metabolic ecological balance network in the body, including a large number of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. The composition, quantity and distribution in gut microbiota are found to be associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as individual immune abnormalities, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration. New insight suggests that ischemic stroke may lead to changes in the gut microbiota and the alterations of gut microbiota may determine stroke outcomes in turn. The link between gut microbiota and stroke is expected to provide new perspectives for ischemic stroke treatment. In this review, we discuss the gut microbiota alterations during ischemic stroke and gut microbiota-related stroke pathophysiology and complications. Finally, we highlight the role of the gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke and summarize the microbiome-based treatment options that can improve the recovery of stroke patients.
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Zhang T, Kim MJ, Kim MJ, Wu X, Yang HJ, Yuan H, Huang S, Yoon SM, Kim KN, Park S. Long-Term Effect of Porcine Brain Enzyme Hydrolysate Intake on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063361. [PMID: 35328781 PMCID: PMC8951530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
No study has revealed the effect of porcine brain enzyme hydrolysate (PBEH) on memory impairment. We aimed to examine the hypothesis that PBEH intake modulates memory deficits and cognitive behavior in scopolamine (SC)-induced amnesia rats, and its mechanism, including gut microbiota changes, was determined. Sprague–Dawley male rats had intraperitoneal injections of SC (2 mg/kg body weight/day) at 30 min after daily feeding of casein (MD-control), PBEH (7 mg total nitrogen/mL) at 0.053 mL (Low-PBEH), 0.159 mL (Medium-PBEH), 0.478 mL (High-PBEH), or 10 mg donepezil (Positive-control) per kilogram body weight per day through a feeding needle for six weeks. The Normal-control rats had casein feeding without SC injection. PBEH dose-dependently protected against memory deficits determined by passive avoidance test, Y-maze, water-maze, and novel object recognition test in SC-induced rats compared to the MD-control. The High-PBEH group had a similar memory function to the Positive-control group. Systemic insulin resistance determined by HOMA-IR was lower in the PBEH groups than in the Normal-control but not the Positive-control. In parallel with systemic insulin resistance, decreased cholesterol and increased glycogen contents in the hippocampus in the Medium-PBEH and High-PBEH represented reduced brain insulin resistance. PBEH intake prevented the increment of serum TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations in the SC-injected rats. Hippocampal lipid peroxide and TNF-α contents and mRNA TNF-α and IL-1β expression were dose-dependently reduced in PBEH and Positive-control. PBEH decreased the hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity compared to the MD-control, but not as much as the Positive-control. PBEH intake increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiota compared to the MD-control, and the gut microbiota community was separated from MD-control. In metagenome function analysis, PBEH increased the energy metabolism-related pathways of the gut microbiota, including citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and amino acid metabolism, which were lower in the MD-control than the Normal-control. In conclusion, alleviated memory deficit by PBEH was associated potentially with not only reducing acetylcholinesterase activity but also improving brain insulin resistance and neuroinflammation potentially through modulating gut microbiota. PBEH intake (1.5–4.5 mL of 7 mg total nitrogen/mL for human equivalent) can be a potential therapeutic agent for improving memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korean Food Research Institutes, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of R&D, Unimed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Unimed Bldg., Seoul 05567, Korea; (M.J.K.); (S.M.Y.); (K.-N.K.)
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korean Food Research Institutes, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Heng Yuan
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Shaokai Huang
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Sun Myung Yoon
- Department of R&D, Unimed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Unimed Bldg., Seoul 05567, Korea; (M.J.K.); (S.M.Y.); (K.-N.K.)
| | - Keun-Nam Kim
- Department of R&D, Unimed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Unimed Bldg., Seoul 05567, Korea; (M.J.K.); (S.M.Y.); (K.-N.K.)
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.); (H.Y.); (S.H.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-5345; Fax: +82-41-548-0670
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Pectic polysaccharides: Targeting gut microbiota in obesity and intestinal health. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Zhang X, Zhao X, Tie S, Li J, Su W, Tan M. A smart cauliflower-like carrier for astaxanthin delivery to relieve colon inflammation. J Control Release 2022; 342:372-387. [PMID: 35038495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a fat-soluble carotenoid, astaxanthin has excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammation biological activities, but its poor biocompatibility and low stability limit application of astaxanthin in the food industry. In this study, cauliflower-like carriers (CCs) were constructed based on caseinate, chitosan-triphenylphosphonium (TPP) and sodium alginate through an electrostatic self-assembly method to improve the biocompatibility, stability and targeting transport properties of astaxanthin. The smart CCs showed pH-response release and mitochondrial targeted characteristics. In vitro studies demonstrated that the CCs could improve the internalization of astaxanthin, and significantly inhibited the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by oxidative stress. In vivo studies revealed that the astaxanthin-loaded CCs could effectively relieve the colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate and protect the integrity of the colon tissue structure. The astaxanthin-loaded CCs could significantly inhibit the expression of inflammation factors such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, cyclooxygenase-2, myeloperoxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide. Moreover, the astaxanthin-loaded CCs could maintain the expression of zonula occludens-1, increase the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillaceae in the intestine. In a word, the constructed astaxanthin delivery system provided a potential application for the oral uptake hydrophobic bio-activator in intervention of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedi Zhang
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Shanshan Tie
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Wentao Su
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
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22
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Estrogenic activity and toxicity screening of Damnacanthal nanospheres and their metabolites assessed using an in vitro bioluminescent yeast assay. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1666-1673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Moine L, Canali MM, Porporatto C, Correa SG. Reviewing the biological activity of chitosan in the mucosa: Focus on intestinal immunity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:324-334. [PMID: 34419549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a polymer derived from the partial deacetylation of chitin with particular characteristics, such as mucoadhesiveness, tolerability, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Biomedical uses of chitosan cover a wide spectrum of applications as dietary fiber, immunoadjuvant and regulator of the intestinal microbiota or delivery agent. Chemical modification of chitosan is feasible because its reactive amino and hydroxyl groups can be modified by a diverse array of ligands, functional groups and molecules. This gives rise to numerous derivatives that allow different formulation types influencing their activity. Considering the multiple events resulting from the interaction with mucosal tissues, chitosan is a singular candidate for strategies targeting immune stimulation (i.e., tolerance induction, vaccination). Its role as a prebiotic and probiotic carrier represents an effective option to manage intestinal dysbiosis. In the intestinal scenario where the exposure of the immune system to a wide variety of antigens is permanent, chitosan increases IgA levels and favors a tolerogenic environment, thus becoming a key ally for host homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moine
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, CP: 5016 Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M M Canali
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, France
| | - C Porporatto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Villa María (UNVM), Arturo Jauretche 1555, CP: 5900 Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S G Correa
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, CP: 5016 Córdoba Capital, Córdoba, Argentina.
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24
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Yang HJ, Zhang T, Wu XG, Kim MJ, Kim YH, Yang ES, Yoon YS, Park S. Aqueous Blackcurrant Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050756. [PMID: 34068659 PMCID: PMC8150986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine whether aqueous blackcurrant extracts (BC) improve glucose metabolism and gut microbiomes in non-obese type 2 diabetic animals fed a high-fat diet and to identify the mechanism involved. Partially pancreatectomized male Sprague–Dawley rats were provided a high-fat diet containing 0% (control), 0.2% (L-BC; low dosage), 0.6% (M-BC; medium dosage), and 1.8% (H-BC; high dosage) blackcurrant extracts; 0.2% metformin (positive-C); plus 1.8%, 1.6%, 1.2%, 0%, and 1.6% dextrin, specifically indigestible dextrin, daily for 8 weeks. Daily blackcurrant extract intakes were equivalent to 100, 300, and 900 mg/kg body weight (bw). After a 2 g glucose or maltose/kg bw challenge, serum glucose and insulin concentrations during peak and final states were obviously lower in the M-BC and H-BC groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Intraperitoneal insulin tolerance testing showed that M-BC and H-BC improved insulin resistance. Hepatic triglyceride deposition, TNF-α expression, and malondialdehyde contents were lower in the M-BC and H-BC groups than in the control group. Improvements in insulin resistance in the M-BC and H-BC groups were associated with reduced inflammation and oxidative stress (p < 0.05). Hyperglycemic clamp testing showed that insulin secretion capacity increased in the acute phase (2 to 10 min) in the M-BC and H-BC groups and that insulin sensitivity in the hyperglycemic state was greater in these groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Pancreatic β-cell mass was greater in the M-BC, H-BC, and positive-C groups than in the control group. Furthermore, β-cell proliferation appeared to be elevated and apoptosis was suppressed in these three groups (p < 0.05). Serum propionate and butyrate concentrations were higher in the M-BC and H-BC groups than in the control group. BC dose-dependently increased α-diversity of the gut microbiota and predicted the enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation-related microbiome genes and downregulation of carbohydrate digestion and absorption-related genes, as determined by PICRUSt2 analysis. In conclusion, BC enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which improved glucose homeostasis, and these improvements were associated with an incremental increase of the α-diversity of gut microbiota and suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Yang
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korean Food Research Institutes, Wanjoo 55365, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.-G.W.)
| | - Xuan-Gao Wu
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.-G.W.)
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korean Food Research Institutes, Wanjoo 55365, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Hanter Co., Ltd., Jeongeup 56204, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (Y.-S.Y.)
| | | | - Yeong-Seok Yoon
- Hanter Co., Ltd., Jeongeup 56204, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (Y.-S.Y.)
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (X.-G.W.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Xu Y, Xie L, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Tang J, He X, Zhou J, Peng W. Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharides Inhibited Colonic Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mice via Foxp3+ T Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Bacterial Metabolites. Front Immunol 2021; 12:648162. [PMID: 33868283 PMCID: PMC8049506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.648162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremella fuciformis is an edible medicinal mushroom, and its polysaccharide components are found to confer various health benefits. This study identified the protective effects of polysaccharides of Tremella fuciformis (TPs) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. High dose of TPs (HTPs) could prevent the colon from shortening, reduce activity of colonic myeloperoxidase and serum diamine oxidase (DAO), decrease the concentration of D-lactate, and alleviate the colonic tissue damage in colitic mice. HTPs treatment stimulated Foxp3+T cells, and promoted the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines whereas it reduced the production of pro-inflammatory and the portion of immunoglobulin A (IgA)-coated bacteria, which was related to modulation of immune responses. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that TPs could significantly increase gut community diversity, and restore the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Odoribacter, Helicobacter, Ruminococcaceae, and Marinifilaceae. According to metabolomic analysis, HTPs induced specific microbial metabolites akin to that in normal mice. Tyrosine biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and bile acid metabolism were influenced in the HTPs group compared with those in the DSS group. HTPs could alleviate DSS-induced colitis by immunoregulation and restored the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. The results indicated that HTPs have potential to be developed as a food supplement to ameliorate intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyin Xu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Xie
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan He
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Peng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
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Satitsri S, Muanprasat C. Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives as Biomaterial Resources for Biological and Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245961. [PMID: 33339290 PMCID: PMC7766609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine, which is regularly found in the exoskeleton of arthropods including insects, shellfish and the cell wall of fungi. It has been known that chitin can be used for biological and biomedical applications, especially as a biomaterial for tissue repairing, encapsulating drug for drug delivery. However, chitin has been postulated as an inducer of proinflammatory cytokines and certain diseases including asthma. Likewise, chitosan, a long-chain polymer of N-acetyl-glucosamine and d-glucosamine derived from chitin deacetylation, and chitosan oligosaccharide, a short chain polymer, have been known for their potential therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, and anti-Alzheimer effects. This review summarizes potential utilization and limitation of chitin, chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide in a variety of diseases. Furthermore, future direction of research and development of chitin, chitosan, and chitosan oligosaccharide for biomedical applications is discussed.
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Intestinal Population in Host with Metabolic Syndrome during Administration of Chitosan and Its Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245857. [PMID: 33322383 PMCID: PMC7764266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and its derivatives can alleviate metabolic syndrome by different regulation mechanisms, phosphorylation of AMPK (AMP-activated kinase) and Akt (also known as protein kinase B), suppression of PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ) and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element–binding proteins), and translocation of GLUT4 (glucose transporter-4), and also the downregulation of fatty-acid-transport proteins, fatty-acid-binding proteins, fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase), and HMG-CoA reductase (hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase). The improved microbial profiles in the gastrointestinal tract were positively correlated with the improved glucose and lipid profiles in hosts with metabolic syndrome. Hence, this review will summarize the current literature illustrating positive correlations between the alleviated conditions in metabolic syndrome hosts and the normalized gut microbiota in hosts with metabolic syndrome after treatment with chitosan and its derivatives, implying that the possibility of chitosan and its derivatives to serve as therapeutic application will be consolidated. Chitosan has been shown to modulate cardiometabolic symptoms (e.g., lipid and glycemic levels, blood pressure) as well as gut microbiota. However, the literature that summarizes the relationship between such metabolic modulation of chitosan and prebiotic-like effects is limited. This review will discuss the connection among their structures, biological properties, and prebiotic effects for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Our hope is that future researchers will consider the prebiotic effects as significant contributors to the mitigation of metabolic syndrome.
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