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Gallinat A, Vilahur G, Padro T, Badimon L. Effects of Antioxidants in Fermented Beverages in Tissue Transcriptomics: Effect of Beer Intake on Myocardial Tissue after Oxidative Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051096. [PMID: 37237963 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented beverages, such as wine and beer, are rich in polyphenols that have been shown to have protective effects against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease. However, the potential benefits of fermented beverages on cardiovascular health need to be fully investigated at a molecular level. In this study, we aimed at analyzing the effects of beer consumption in modulating the transcriptomic response of the heart to an oxidative stress challenge induced by myocardial ischemia (MI) in the presence of hypercholesterolemia in a pre-clinical swine model. Previous studies have shown that the same intervention induces organ protective benefits. We report a dose-dependent up-regulation of electron transport chain members and the down-regulation of spliceosome-associated genes linked to beer consumption. Additionally, low-dose beer consumption resulted in a down-regulation of genes associated with the immune response, that was not shown for moderate-dose beer consumption. These findings, observed in animals having demonstrated beneficial effects at the organ-level, indicate that the antioxidants in beer differentially affect the myocardial transcriptome in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gallinat
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, IIBSANTPAU, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, IIBSANTPAU, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, IIBSANTPAU, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, IIBSANTPAU, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beer Modulate Plasma and Macrophage microRNAs Differently in a Pilot Intervention in Humans with Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010069. [PMID: 33379359 PMCID: PMC7823561 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beer is a popular beverage and some beneficial effects have been attributed to its moderate consumption. We carried out a pilot study to test if beer and non-alcoholic beer consumption modify the levels of a panel of 53 cardiometabolic microRNAs in plasma and macrophages. Seven non-smoker men aged 30–65 with high cardiovascular risk were recruited for a non-randomised cross-over intervention consisting of the ingestion of 500 mL/day of beer or non-alcoholic beer for 14 days with a 7-day washout period between interventions. Plasma and urine isoxanthohumol were measured to assess compliance with interventions. Monocytes were isolated and differentiated into macrophages, and plasma and macrophage microRNAs were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Anthropometric, biochemistry and dietary parameters were also measured. We found an increase in plasma miR-155-5p, miR-328-3p, and miR-92a-3p after beer and a decrease after non-alcoholic beer consumption. Plasma miR-320a-3p levels decreased with both beers. Circulating miR-320a-3p levels correlated with LDL-cholesterol. We found that miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-26b-5p, and miR-223-3p macrophage levels increased after beer and decreased after non-alcoholic beer consumption. Functional analyses suggested that modulated microRNAs were involved in catabolism, nutrient sensing, Toll-like receptors signalling and inflammation. We concluded that beer and non-alcoholic beer intake modulated differentially plasma and macrophage microRNAs. Specifically, microRNAs related to inflammation increased after beer consumption and decreased after non-alcoholic beer consumption.
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Advances in HDL: Much More than Lipid Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030732. [PMID: 31979129 PMCID: PMC7037660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles, beyond serving as lipid transporters and playing a key role in reverse cholesterol transport, carry a highly variable number of proteins, micro-RNAs, vitamins, and hormones, which endow them with the ability to mediate a plethora of cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote cardiovascular health. It is becoming increasingly evident, however, that the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities alters HDLs cargo and protective functions. This concept has led to the notion that metrics other than HDL-cholesterol levels, such as HDL functionality and composition, may better capture HDL cardiovascular protection. On the other hand, the potential of HDL as natural delivery carriers has also fostered the design of engineered HDL-mimetics aiming to improve HDL efficacy or as drug-delivery agents with therapeutic potential. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the molecules known to be transported by HDL particles and mainly discuss their functions in the cardiovascular system. Second, we describe the impact of cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities on HDL remodeling. Finally, we review the currently developed HDL-based approaches.
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Wang X, Tan Y, Xu B, Lu L, Zhao M, Ma J, Liang H, Liu J, Yu S. GPR30 Attenuates Myocardial Fibrosis in Diabetic Ovariectomized Female Rats: Role of iNOS Signaling. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:821-830. [PMID: 30227089 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Premenopausal women have a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. Estrogen deficiency augments cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress and, thereby, aggravates myocardial fibrosis (MF) and diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive female rats. However, estrogen replacement therapy has no effect on myocardial infarction and cardiac fibrosis in postmenopausal women. Further clinical studies showed that high blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes is an important cause of MF, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. To experimentally address this issue, diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by injecting streptozotocin and administering a high-fat diet in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. High degrees of fibrosis and apoptosis were detected in the cardiac tissue of these rats, together with increased expression of iNOS. Further treatment with the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPR30) agonist G1 decreased iNOS expression and the apoptosis rate in cardiac tissue significantly and inhibited cardiac fibroblast (CF) proliferation. Similar trends were observed in cultured CFs treated with high concentrations of fat and glucose. In addition, treatment with the iNOS-specific inhibitor W1400 attenuated iNOS and vimentin expression, which is associated with a marked reduction in MF. These results suggest that GPR30 activation inhibits MF in diabetic OVX female rats by suppressing cardiac iNOS activity and consequently NO levels. Thus, GPR30 activation may provide novel cardioprotection strategies for postmenopausal women, especially those with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Wang
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanzhen Tan
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Xu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linhe Lu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minggao Zhao
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jipeng Ma
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongliang Liang
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Moderate Beer Intake and Cardiovascular Health in Overweight Individuals. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091237. [PMID: 30189619 PMCID: PMC6164820 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent epidemiological evidence indicates that low-to-moderate alcohol consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular event presentation, while high levels of alcohol intake are associated to increased cardiovascular risk. Little is known on the effects of moderate beer intake in the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of moderate and regular daily intake of beer with meals in overweight (body mass index (BMI) of 28–29.9 kg/m2) or obese class 1 (BMI of 30–35 kg/m2) individuals without other cardiovascular risk factors (dyslipidemia, type 2-diabetes, hypertension) focusing on the effects related to changes in weight, in lipoproteins and vascular endothelial function. We have performed an open, prospective two-arms longitudinal crossover study to investigate the effects associated with regular consumption (four week) of alcohol-free-beer (0 g alcohol/day) or traditional-beer (30 g alcohol/day in men and 15 g alcohol/day in women) on anthropometrical and biochemical parameters, liver and kidney function biomarkers, and vascular endothelial function. After four-week intervention with traditional and/or alcohol-free beer, BMI did not show any significant change and values for liver and kidney functions were within the normal levels. Moderate traditional beer intake did not affect lipid levels—however it significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of high density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition, apoB-depleted serum (after the four-week intervention period) showed a higher potential to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Beer consumption did not induce vascular endothelial dysfunction or stiffness. In summary, our results based on a 12-week prospective study provide evidence that moderate intake of beer (traditional and alcohol-free) does not exert vascular detrimental effects nor increases body weight in obese healthy individuals. In contrast, moderate intake of beer increases the anti-oxidative properties of HDL and facilitates cholesterol efflux, which may prevent lipid deposition in the vessel wall.
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Padró T, Cubedo J, Camino S, Béjar MT, Ben-Aicha S, Mendieta G, Escolà-Gil JC, Escate R, Gutiérrez M, Casani L, Badimon L, Vilahur G. Detrimental Effect of Hypercholesterolemia on High-Density Lipoprotein Particle Remodeling in Pigs. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:165-178. [PMID: 28683964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beneficial effects of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) seem altered in patients with symptomatic cardiovascular disease. We recently demonstrated in a swine model of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) that hypercholesterolemia abolishes HDL-related cardioprotection. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate, using the same animal model, whether the reported impairment of HDL cardioprotective function was associated with alterations in HDL remodeling and functionality. METHODS Pigs were fed a normocholesterolemic (NC) or hypercholesterolemic (HL) diet for 10 days, reaching non-HDL cholesterol concentrations of 38.2 ± 3.5 mg/dl and 218.6 ± 27.6 mg/dl, respectively (p < 0.0001). HDLs were isolated, and lipidomics and differential proteomics tests were performed to determine HDL molecular changes. HDL functionality and particle size were determined. RESULTS Using principal component analysis, we identified 255 molecular lipid species differentially clustered in NC-HDL and HL-HDL. Ninety lipid metabolites were differentially expressed, and 50 showed at least 1.5-fold variation (false discovery rate adjustment q value <0.05). HL-HDLs presented a core enriched in cholesteryl esters and a surface depleted of phosphatidylcholine species containing polyunsaturated and long-chain fatty acids, indicating the presence of mature HDL particles with low surface fluidity. Hypercholesterolemia induced an important change in HDL-transported proteins (576 spots in HL-HDL vs. 621 spots in NC-HDL). HL-HDLs showed a reduced content of lipocalin retinol binding protein 4 and apolipoprotein M and in the retinoic acid-transporter cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (p < 0.05 vs. NC-HDL). No changes were observed in apolipoprotein A-I content and profile. Functionally, HL-HDL showed lower antioxidant activity (-35%) and a reduced capacity to efflux cholesterol (-60%) compared to NC-HDL (p < 0.05). Hypercholesterolemia induced larger HDL particles. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that hypercholesterolemia induces HDL lipidomic changes, losing phosphatidylcholine-lipid species and gaining cholesteryl esters, and proteomic changes, with losses in cardioprotective proteins. These remodeling changes shifted HDL particles toward a dysfunctional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Cubedo
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Camino
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Béjar
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soumaya Ben-Aicha
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Mendieta
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Escate
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Gutiérrez
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Casani
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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de Gaetano G, Costanzo S, Di Castelnuovo A, Badimon L, Bejko D, Alkerwi A, Chiva-Blanch G, Estruch R, La Vecchia C, Panico S, Pounis G, Sofi F, Stranges S, Trevisan M, Ursini F, Cerletti C, Donati MB, Iacoviello L. Effects of moderate beer consumption on health and disease: A consensus document. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:443-467. [PMID: 27118108 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A large evidence-based review on the effects of a moderate consumption of beer on human health has been conducted by an international panel of experts who reached a full consensus on the present document. Low-moderate (up to 1 drink per day in women, up to 2 in men), non-bingeing beer consumption, reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. This effect is similar to that of wine, at comparable alcohol amounts. Epidemiological studies suggest that moderate consumption of either beer or wine may confer greater cardiovascular protection than spirits. Although specific data on beer are not conclusive, observational studies seem to indicate that low-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing neurodegenerative disease. There is no evidence that beer drinking is different from other types of alcoholic beverages in respect to risk for some cancers. Evidence consistently suggests a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption (including beer) and all-cause mortality, with lower risk for moderate alcohol consumers than for abstainers or heavy drinkers. Unless they are at high risk for alcohol-related cancers or alcohol dependency, there is no reason to discourage healthy adults who are already regular light-moderate beer consumers from continuing. Consumption of beer, at any dosage, is not recommended for children, adolescents, pregnant women, individuals at risk to develop alcoholism, those with cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, depression, liver and pancreatic diseases, or anyone engaged in actions that require concentration, skill or coordination. In conclusion, although heavy and excessive beer consumption exerts deleterious effects on the human body, with increased disease risks on many organs and is associated to significant social problems such as addiction, accidents, violence and crime, data reported in this document show evidence for no harm of moderate beer consumption for major chronic conditions and some benefit against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - S Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - A Di Castelnuovo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - L Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Bejko
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - A Alkerwi
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - G Chiva-Blanch
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - S Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - G Pounis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - F Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, ONLUS IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - S Stranges
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | | | - F Ursini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università di Padova, Italy
| | - C Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - M B Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - L Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
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AMPK in cardiac fibrosis and repair: Actions beyond metabolic regulation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:188-200. [PMID: 26772531 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a general term encompassing a plethora of pathologies that span all systems and is marked by increased deposition of collagen. Injury of variable etiology gives rise to complex cascades involving several cell-types and molecular signals, leading to the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that promotes fibrosis and eventually leads to organ failure. Cardiac fibrosis is a dynamic process associated notably with ischemia, hypertrophy, volume- and pressure-overload, aging and diabetes mellitus. It has profoundly deleterious consequences on the normal architecture and functioning of the myocardium and is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitously expressed cellular energy sensor and an essential component of the adaptive response to cardiomyocyte stress that occurs during ischemia. Nevertheless, its actions extend well beyond its energy-regulating role and it appears to possess an essential role in regulating fibrosis of the myocardium. In this review paper, we will summarize the main elements and crucial players of cardiac fibrosis. In addition, we will provide an overview of the diverse roles of AMPK in the heart and discuss in detail its implication in cardiac fibrosis. Lastly, we will highlight the recently published literature concerning AMPK-targeting current therapy and novel strategies aiming to attenuate fibrosis.
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Vilahur G, Cubedo J, Padró T, Casaní L, Mendieta G, González A, Badimon L. Intake of cooked tomato sauce preserves coronary endothelial function and improves apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein J protein profile in high-density lipoproteins. Transl Res 2015; 166:44-56. [PMID: 25514506 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Intake of tomatoes has been linked with healthy diets (eg, Mediterranean diet). However, it remains unknown whether tomato intake exerts protective effects on the vasculature. The aim of this study was to determine whether medium-term supplementation with cooked tomato sauce (CTS) Mediterranean style (sofrito) attenuates diet-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction in an animal model with clinical impact and explore the mechanisms behind the effects. Pigs (N = 18) were fed a 10-day hypercholesterolemic diet. Half of the animals were given a supplement of 100 g/d of CTS (21.5 mg lycopene per day). Coronary responses to escalating doses of vasoactive drugs (acetylcholine, calcium ionophore, and sodium nitroprusside) and L-NG-monomethylarginine (endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS] inhibitor) were measured using flow Doppler. In the coronary arteries, we investigated eNOS gene expression and activation, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) expression, and oxidative DNA damage. In the circulation, we investigated lipoprotein resistance to oxidation and the differential proteomic protein profile. In dyslipidemic animals, CTS intake prevented diet-induced impairment of receptor-operated and nonreceptor-operated endothelial-dependent coronary vasodilation. These beneficial effects were associated with enhanced eNOS transcription and activation and diminished DNA damage in the coronary arteries. CTS-fed animals showed lower lipid peroxidation, higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) antioxidant potential and plasma lycopene levels of 0.16 mg/L. Interestingly, improved HDL functionality was associated with protein profile changes in apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein J. Lipids levels and MCP-1 expression were not affected by CTS. We report that CTS intake protects against low-density lipoprotein-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction by reducing oxidative damage, enhancing eNOS expression and activity, and improving HDL functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Cubedo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Casaní
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Mendieta
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia González
- Nutrition and Health Unit, Gallina Blanca Star, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
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Vilahur G, Padró T, Casaní L, Mendieta G, López JA, Streitenberger S, Badimon L. El enriquecimiento de la dieta con polifenoles previene la disfunción endotelial coronaria mediante la activación de la vía de Akt/eNOS. Rev Esp Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Vilahur G, Padró T, Casaní L, Mendieta G, López JA, Streitenberger S, Badimon L. Polyphenol-enriched Diet Prevents Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction by Activating the Akt/eNOS Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:216-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Vilahur G, Casani L, Mendieta G, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Estruch R, Badimon L. Beer elicits vasculoprotective effects through Akt/eNOS activation. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:1177-88. [PMID: 25323945 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is controversy regarding the effect of alcohol beverage intake in vascular vasodilatory function in peripheral arteries. The effects of beer intake in coronary vasodilation remain unknown. We investigated whether regular beer intake (alcohol and alcohol-free) protects against hypercholesterolaemia-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction and the mechanisms behind this effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pigs were fed 10 days: (i) a Western-type hypercholesterolaemic diet (WD); (ii) WD+low-dose beer (12·5 g alcohol/day); (iii) WD+moderate-dose beer (25 g alcohol/day); or (iv) WD+moderate-dose alcohol-free-beer (0·0 g alcohol/day). Coronary responses to endothelium-dependent vasoactive drugs (acetylcholine: receptor mediated; calcium ionophore-A23189: nonreceptor mediated), endothelium-independent vasoactive drug (SNP) and L-NMMA (NOS-antagonist) were evaluated in the LAD coronary artery by flow Doppler. Coronary Akt/eNOS activation, MCP-1 expression, oxidative DNA damage and superoxide production were assessed. Lipid profile, lipoproteins resistance to oxidation and urinary isoxanthohumol concentration were evaluated. RESULTS Alcoholic and nonalcoholic beer intake prevented WD-induced impairment of receptor- and non-receptor-operated endothelial-dependent coronary vasodilation. All animals displayed a similar vasodilatory response to SNP and L-NMMA blunted all endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation responses. Haemodynamic parameters remained unchanged. Coronary arteries showed lower DNA damage and increased Akt/eNOS axis activation in beer-fed animals. Animals taking beer showed HDL with higher antioxidant capacity, higher LDL resistance to oxidation and increased isoxanthohumol levels. Weight, lipids levels, liver enzymes and MCP-1 expression were not affected by beer intake. CONCLUSIONS Non-alcoholic-related beer components protect against hyperlipemia-induced coronary endothelial dysfunction by counteracting vascular oxidative damage and preserving the Akt/eNOS pathway. Light-to-moderate beer consumption prevents and/or reduces the endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Vilahur G, Casani L, Peña E, Juan-Babot O, Mendieta G, Crespo J, Badimon L. HMG-CoA reductase inhibition prior reperfusion improves reparative fibrosis post-myocardial infarction in a preclinical experimental model. Int J Cardiol 2014; 175:528-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Teubert A, Thome J, Büttner A, Richter J, Irmisch G. Elevated oleic acid serum concentrations in patients suffering from alcohol dependence. J Mol Psychiatry 2013; 1:13. [PMID: 25408906 PMCID: PMC4224011 DOI: 10.1186/2049-9256-1-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol-induced damages such as brain atrophy and fatty liver are closely related to a disturbed lipid metabolism. In animal models, a linkage between chronic alcohol consumption and changes in fatty acid (FA) composition in various organs and cells is well known and there is some indication that this phenomenon could be linked to behavioural alterations associated with alcohol addiction such as craving. However, the influence of ethanol on secretory FA has not been investigated so far. In this study, we therefore aimed at investigating whether there is a significant change of serum FA composition in patients suffering from alcohol dependence. We compared patients before and after treatment (detoxication) with control individuals who did not suffer from addiction. The roles of age, the duration and intensity of alcohol use and lifestyles were considered. Methods Serum FA was measured in 73 male ethanol dependent patients before and after alcohol withdrawal in an in-patient setting. Additionally, of this group, 45 patients were matched with 45 healthy male volunteers as controls. Results We found significant differences in the FA composition before and after detoxication as well as between patients and controls. After detoxication, the values changed towards the ones in healthy controls. The main finding during acute alcohol use was an increased oleic acid concentration above the level of the linoleic acid concentration. Conclusions An elevated oleic/linoleic acid ratio seems to be a state marker for acute alcohol use and may be a relevant trait marker during detoxification and possibly the subsequent therapeutic measures. The results of this pilot study need to be replicated in a larger study also including female patients. Further, the specificity of this potential biomarker needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin Teubert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimerstr. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany ; Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Rostock, St.-Georg-Str. 108, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimerstr. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany ; College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP UK
| | - Andreas Büttner
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Rostock, St.-Georg-Str. 108, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jörg Richter
- Norway Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, P.O. Box 4623, Oslo, 0405 Norway
| | - Gisela Irmisch
- Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimerstr. 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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Yan W, Zhang H, Liu P, Wang H, Liu J, Gao C, Liu Y, Lian K, Yang L, Sun L, Guo Y, Zhang L, Dong L, Lau WB, Gao E, Gao F, Xiong L, Wang H, Qu Y, Tao L. Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis due to dysfunctional adiponectin-AMPK-PGC-1α signaling contributing to increased vulnerability in diabetic heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:329. [PMID: 23460046 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis causes skeletal muscle damage in diabetes. However, whether and how mitochondrial biogenesis is impaired in the diabetic heart remains largely unknown. Whether adiponectin (APN), a potent cardioprotective molecule, regulates cardiac mitochondrial function has also not been previously investigated. In this study, electron microscopy revealed significant mitochondrial disorders in ob/ob cardiomyocytes, including mitochondrial swelling and cristae disorientation and breakage. Moreover, mitochondrial biogenesis of ob/ob cardiomyocytes is significantly impaired, as evidenced by reduced Ppargc-1a/Nrf-1/Tfam mRNA levels, mitochondrial DNA content, ATP content, citrate synthase activity, complexes I/III/V activity, AMPK phosphorylation, and increased PGC-1α acetylation. Since APN is an upstream activator of AMPK and APN plasma levels are significantly reduced in ob/ob mice, we further tested the hypothesis that reduced APN in ob/ob mice is causatively related to mitochondrial biogenesis impairment. One week of APN treatment of ob/ob mice activated AMPK, reduced PGC-1α acetylation, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, and attenuated mitochondrial disorders. In contrast, knocking out APN inhibited AMPK-PGC-1α signaling and impaired both mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The ob/ob mice exhibited lower survival rates and exacerbated myocardial injury after MI, when compared to controls. APN supplementation improved mitochondrial biogenesis and attenuated MI injury, an effect that was almost completely abrogated by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. In high glucose/high fat treated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, siRNA-mediated knockdown of PGC-1α blocked gAd-enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and function and attenuated protection against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. In conclusion, hypoadiponectinemia impaired AMPK-PGC-1α signaling, resulting in dysfunctional mitochondrial biogenesis that constitutes a novel mechanism for rendering diabetic hearts more vulnerable to enhanced MI injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 147 West Changle Rd, Xian, 710032, China
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