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LIonomers-New Generation of Ionomer: Understanding of Their Interaction and Structuration as a Function of the Tunability of Cation and Anion. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020370. [PMID: 36679248 PMCID: PMC9865942 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, by combining maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PPgMA) and three different ionic liquids (ILs), i.e., tributyl (ethyl) phosphonium diethyl phosphate (denoted P+DEP), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyl phosphate (denoted EMIM DEP), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (denoted EMIM Ac), new ionic PP/IL polymer materials are generated and denoted as LIonomers. The structuration of ILs in LIonomers occurs from a nano/microphase separation process proved by TEM. NMR analyses reveal the existence of ionic-ionic and ionic-dipolar interactions between PPgMA and ILs within LIonomers. The rheological behavior of such IL/polymer combinations interpret the existence of interactions between maleic anhydride group and cation or anion composing the ionic liquid. These interactions can be tuned by the nature of cation (P+DEP vs. EMIM DEP) and anion (EMIM DEP vs. EMIM Ac) but also depend on the IL content. Thermal analyses demonstrate that IL could affect the crystallization process according to different pathways. Thanks to the maleic anhydride/IL interactions, an excellent compromise between stiffness and stretchability is obtained paving the way for processing new polyolefin-based materials.
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Synergistic Effect of Pressurization Rate and β-Form Nucleating Agent on the Multi-Phase Crystallization of iPP. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172984. [PMID: 34503024 PMCID: PMC8434399 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a homemade pressure device, we explored the synergistic effect of pressurization rate and β-form nucleating agent (β-NA) on the crystallization of an isotactic polypropylene (iPP) melt. The obtained samples were characterized by combining small angle X-ray scattering and synchrotron wide angle X-ray diffraction. It was found that the synergistic application of pressurization and β-NA enables the preparation of a unique multi-phase crystallization of iPP, including β-, γ- and/or mesomorphic phases. Pressurization rate plays a crucial role on the formation of different crystal phases. As the pressurization rate increases in a narrow range between 0.6–1.9 MPa/s, a significant competitive formation between β- and γ-iPP was detected, and their relative crystallinity are likely to be determined by the growth of the crystal. When the pressurization rate increases further, both β- and γ-iPP contents gradually decrease, and the mesophase begins to emerge once it exceeds 15.0 MPa/s, then mesomorphic, β- and γ- iPP coexist with each other. Moreover, with different β-NA contents, the best pressurization rate for β-iPP growth is the same as 1.9 MPa/s, while more β-NA just promotes the content of β-iPP under the rates lower than 1.9 MPa/s. In addition to inducing the formation of β-iPP, it shows that β-NA can also significantly promote the formation of γ-iPP in a wide pressurization rate range between 3.8 to 75 MPa/s. These results were elucidated by combining classical nucleation theory and the growth theory of different crystalline phases, and a theoretical model of the pressurization-induced crystallization is established, providing insight into understanding the multi-phase structure development of iPP.
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Lin JM, Li Y, Xu L, Hua WQ, Yang SG, Bian FG, Lei J, Li ZM. Evolution of Polymorphic Structure in β-Nucleated Isotactic Polypropylene under a Certain Pressure: Effects of Temperature and Flow. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b06160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Mei Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qiang Hua
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Gui Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Gang Bian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Yang SG, Chen YH, Deng BW, Lei J, Li L, Li ZM. Window of Pressure and Flow To Produce β-Crystals in Isotactic Polypropylene Mixed with β-Nucleating Agent. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Gui Yang
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yan-Hui Chen
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
| | - Bo-Wen Deng
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jun Lei
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Lab and College of Nuclear Science and Technology,
CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Sowinski P, Piorkowska E, Boyer SA, Haudin JM. Nucleation of crystallization of isotactic polypropylene in the gamma form under high pressure in nonisothermal conditions. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Non-isothermal degradation kinetics and morphology of PP/TiO2 nanocomposites using titanium n-butoxide precursor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12588-016-9160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Pechyen C, Ummartyotin S. Development of isotactic polypropylene and stearic acid-modified calcium carbonate composite: a promising material for microwavable packaging. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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The role of nucleating agents in high-pressure-induced gamma crystallization in isotactic polypropylene. Colloid Polym Sci 2015; 293:665-675. [PMID: 25750474 PMCID: PMC4342516 DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleation of the γ-form in isotactic polypropylene (PP) under high pressure was investigated. Three nucleating agents were used to nucleate crystallization of PP under atmospheric pressure: commercial Hyperform HPN-20E from Milliken Chemical, poly(tetrafluoroethylene) particles nucleating the α-form, and calcium pimelate nucleating the β-form. Crystallization of neat PP and PP with addition of 0.2 wt% of the nucleating agents was studied. Specimens were either kept at 200 °C under pressure of 200 MPa for time ranging from 2 min to 4 h or for 15 min under pressure ranging from 1.3 to 300 MPa. After cooling to ambient temperature and releasing the pressure, the specimens were analyzed by DSC, WAXD, and PLM to have an insight into the structure and to determine a crystallinity level and contents of crystallographic forms. Both α-nucleating agents strongly nucleated crystallization of PP under high pressure in the γ-form, whereas the β-nucleating agent had only a slight effect. The results show the possibility to use nucleating agents to nucleate the γ-form of PP under high pressure.
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9
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Concomitant Crystallization and Cross-Nucleation in Polymorphic Polymers. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION II 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Luo B, Li H, Zhang Y, Xue F, Guan P, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhang W, Li J, Huo H, Shi D, Yu D, Jiang S. Wall Slip Effect on Shear-Induced Crystallization Behavior of Isotactic Polypropylene Containing β-Nucleating Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie502062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baojing Luo
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Xue
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Guan
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chengbo Zhou
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wenyang Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jingqing Li
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hong Huo
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Dean Shi
- Ministry-of-Education
Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional
Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Donghong Yu
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, DK-9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Shichun Jiang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Pradittham A, Charitngam N, Puttajan S, Atong D, Pechyen C. Surface Modified CaCO3 by Palmitic Acid as Nucleating Agents for Polypropylene Film: Mechanical, Thermal and Physical Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Yang G, Li XX, Yang JH, Huang T, Zhang N, Liu XR, Wang Y. Crystallization behavior of sorbitol derivative nucleated polypropylene block copolymer under high pressure. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-2965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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