1
|
Qin W, Chen S, Yang S, Xu Q, Xu C, Cai J. The Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Aging Dis 2017; 8:792-811. [PMID: 29344417 PMCID: PMC5758352 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are special types of cells with the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. NSCs are regulated by multiple pathways and pathway related transcription factors during the process of proliferation and differentiation. Numerous studies have shown that the compound medicinal preparations, single herbs, and herb extracts in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have specific roles in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In this study, we investigate the markers of NSCs in various stages of differentiation, the related pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation, and the corresponding transcription factors in the pathways. We also review the influence of TCM on NSC proliferation and differentiation, to facilitate the development of TCM in neural regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shiya Chen
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qian Xu
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Cai
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen C, Shen H, Zhang LG, Liu J, Cao XG, Yao AL, Kang SS, Gao WX, Han H, Cao FH, Li ZG. Construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction networks based on proteomics data of prostate cancer. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1576-86. [PMID: 27121963 PMCID: PMC4866967 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, using human prostate cancer (PCa) tissue samples to conduct proteomics research has generated a large amount of data; however, only a very small amount has been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we manually carried out the mining of the full text of proteomics literature that involved comparisons between PCa and normal or benign tissue and identified 41 differentially expressed proteins verified or reported more than 2 times from different research studies. We regarded these proteins as seed proteins to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The extended network included one giant network, which consisted of 1,264 nodes connected via 1,744 edges, and 3 small separate components. The backbone network was then constructed, which was derived from key nodes and the subnetwork consisting of the shortest path between seed proteins. Topological analyses of these networks were conducted to identify proteins essential for the genesis of PCa. Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 (SLC2A4) had the highest closeness centrality located in the center of each network, and the highest betweenness centrality and largest degree in the backbone network. Tubulin, beta 2C (TUBB2C) had the largest degree in the giant network and subnetwork. In addition, using module analysis of the whole PPI network, we obtained a densely connected region. Functional annotation indicated that the Ras protein signal transduction biological process, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), neurotrophin and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling pathway may play an important role in the genesis and development of PCa. Further investigation of the SLC2A4, TUBB2C proteins, and these biological processes and pathways may therefore provide a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Modern Technology and Education Center, North China University of Science and Technology and International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Guo Zhang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ge Cao
- Tianjin Binhai New Area Hangu No. 1 High School, Tianjin 300480, P.R. China
| | - An-Liang Yao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Shao-San Kang
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xing Gao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Hong Cao
- Department of Urology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Guo Li
- Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology and International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sugita Y, Terasaki M, Tanigawa K, Ohshima K, Morioka M, Higaki K, Nakagawa S, Shimokawa S, Nakashima S. Gliosarcomas arising from the pineal gland region: uncommon localization and rare tumors. Neuropathology 2015; 36:56-63. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Sugita
- Departments of Pathology; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Fukuoka Japan
| | - Mizuhiko Terasaki
- Departments of Neurosurgery; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ken Tanigawa
- Departments of Pathology; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Fukuoka Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Departments of Pathology; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Fukuoka Japan
| | - Motohiro Morioka
- Departments of Neurosurgery; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Fukuoka Japan
| | - Koichi Higaki
- Department of Pathology, St. Mary's Hospital; Kurume Japan
| | | | - Shoko Shimokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Mary's Hospital; Kurume Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Campbell JG, Miller DC, Cundiff DD, Feng Q, Litofsky NS. Neural stem/progenitor cells react to non-glial cns neoplasms. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:53. [PMID: 25713758 PMCID: PMC4328003 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that the normal human brain contains populations of neural stem/progenitor cells. Recent studies suggest that they migrate toward a variety of CNS tissue injuries. In an investigation of the potential role of neural stem cells in the pathogenesis of primary CNS lymphomas (NHL-CNS), we observed that neural stem/progenitor cells appeared to accumulate at the border of the tumors with the brain and in the advancing edge of the tumors, in a pattern similar to that seen with reactive gliosis. We identified neural stem/progenitor cells using standard immunohistochemical markers thereof, including CD133, nestin, Group II Beta-tubulin, Musashi1, and the transcription factor Sox2, in neurosurgically obtained specimens of NHL-CNS metastatic carcinoma , and metastatic melanoma . We had similar results with each of these markers but found that Sox2 antibodies provided the clearest and most robust labeling of the cells at the borders of these non-glial tumors. To exclude that the immunoreactive cells were actually neoplastic, double-label immunohistochemistry for Sox2 and CD20 (for NHL-CNS), Sox2 and cytokeratin (CAM5.2, for carcinomas), or Sox2 and HMB45 (for melanomas) showed that in each tumor type, Sox2-immunoreactive cells adjacent to and among the tumor cells were separate from neoplastic cells. Sox2/GFAP double-labeling revealed a consistent pattern of Sox2 immunopositivity both in reactive GFAP-immunopositive astrocytes and in GFAP-negative cells, at the interface of tumor and non-neoplastic brain. These results suggest that neural stem/progenitor cells migrate to non-glial neoplasms in the CNS, are a source of reactive astrocytes, and that Sox2 is a reliable immunohistochemical marker for these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Griffin Campbell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurological Surgery, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri USA
| | - Douglas C Miller
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, M263 Medical Science Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212 USA
| | - Diane D Cundiff
- Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, M263 Medical Science Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212 USA
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurological Surgery, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri USA
| | - N Scott Litofsky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurological Surgery, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sarnat HB. Clinical neuropathology practice guide 5-2013: markers of neuronal maturation. Clin Neuropathol 2013; 32:340-69. [PMID: 23883617 PMCID: PMC3796735 DOI: 10.5414/np300638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review surveys immunocytochemical and histochemical markers of neuronal lineage for application to tissue sections of fetal and neonatal brain. They determine maturation of individual nerve cells as the tissue progresses to mature architecture. From a developmental perspective, neuronal markers are all about timing. These diverse cellular labels may be classified in two ways: 1) time of onset of expression (early; intermediate; late); 2) labeling of subcellular structures or metabolic functions (nucleoproteins; synaptic vesicle proteins; enolases; cytoskeletal elements; calcium-binding; nucleic acids; mitochondria). Apart from these positive markers of maturation, other negative markers are expressed in primitive neuroepithelial cells and early stages of neuroblast maturation, but no longer are demonstrated after initial stages of maturation. These examinations are relevant for studies of normal neuroembryology at the cellular level. In fetal and perinatal neuropathology they provide control criteria for application to malformations of the brain, inborn metabolic disorders and acquired fetal insults in which neuroblastic maturation may be altered. Disorders, in which cells differentiate abnormally, as in tuberous sclerosis and hemimegalencephaly, pose another yet aspect of mixed cellular lineage. The measurement in living patients, especially neonates, of serum and CSF levels of enolases, chromogranins and S-100 proteins as biomarkers of brain damage may potentially be correlated with their corresponding tissue markers at autopsy in infants who do not survive. The neuropathological markers here described can be performed in ordinary hospital laboratories, not just research facilities, and offer another dimension of diagnostic precision in interpreting abnormally developed fetal and postnatal brains.
Collapse
|
6
|
Terasaki M, Sugita Y, Arakawa F, Okada Y, Ohshima K, Shigemori M. CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in malignant brain tumors: a potential pharmacological therapeutic target. Brain Tumor Pathol 2011; 28:89-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10014-010-0013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
Tubulin antibodies are among the most extensively used immunological reagents in basic and applied cell and molecular biology. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of the practices and reagents developed in our laboratory during the past 25 years for characterizing anti-beta-tubulin antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Spano
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sugita Y, Ono T, Ohshima K, Niino D, Ito M, Toda K, Baba H. Brain surface spindle cell glioma in a patient with medically intractable partial epilepsy: A variant of monomorphous angiocentric glioma? Neuropathology 2008; 28:516-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2007.00849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Sugita Y, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto M, Ogasawara S, Ohshima K, Shigemori M. Expression of KIAA 0864 protein in neuroepithelial tumors: an analysis based on the presence of monoclonal antibody HFB-16. J Neurooncol 2008; 89:151-8. [PMID: 18458818 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-008-9610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The KIAA 0864 (KA) protein is a putative protein of a cDNA from 100 cDNA clones that was newly determined from a set of size-fractionated human brain cDNA libraries and their coding potentials of large proteins (180-200 kD) by using in vitro transcription assays. To elucidate the correlation between the KA protein and neuroepithelial tumors (NETs), the present study assessed the KA expression by the NETs using immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses with HFB-16 monoclonal antibody. Among the 55 NETs, a moderate-to-intense KA protein immunoreactivity was observed in 8 of 8 medulloblastomas, 1 of 1 central nervous system supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS supratentorial PNET), 4 of 4 retinoblastomas, 1 of 1 neuroblastoma, 8 of 8 central neurocytomas, 4 of 4 oligodendrogliomas, 4 of 4 oligoastrocytomas, 1 of 1 extraventricular neurocytoma, and 1 of 1 gangliocytoma. No or a weak KA protein immunoreactivity was observed in 11 of 11 glioblastomas (GBs), 4 of 4 anaplastic astrocytomas, 4 of 4 astrocytomas, and 4 of 4 pilocytic astrocytomas. These results indicate that the antibody HFB-16 could be a useful marker for neuronal tumors and primitive neuroectodermal tumors that may originate from immature neural progenitor cells. In addition, it could be a useful tool for performing the differential diagnosis between GBs and CNS supratentorial PNET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Sugita
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi 67, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roh JY, Kee SH, Choi JW, Lee JH, Lee JH, Lee ES, Kim YS. Expression of class II ?-tubulin in non-melanoma cutaneous tumors. J Cutan Pathol 2007; 34:166-73. [PMID: 17244029 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2006.00583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different combinations of beta-tubulin isotypes contribute to the diverse functions of microtubules (MTs). Class II beta-tubulin (class II tubulin) is up-regulated in differentiated keratinocytes. In contrast, the expression of class II tubulin in follicular differentiation and cutaneous tumors has not been studied. METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of class II tubulin was investigated in 117 cutaneous tumors: 30 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), seven keratoacanthomas (KAs), 57 basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), 23 trichoepitheliomas (TEs), and in the adjacent non-neoplastic skin. RESULTS Class II tubulin was expressed in the keratinocytes of the granular layer, melanocytes, hair cortical and cuticular cells, inner root sheath (IRS), companion layer (CL) of the outer root sheath (ORS), and mesenchymal cells with Schwannian or myogenic differentiation. Moreover, class II tubulin expression was increased in the areas of squamous or follicular differentiation in cutaneous tumors. On grading the follicular differentiation or myofibroblastic response with anti-class II tubulin, TE showed follicular differentiation more frequently (p < 0.001) with less of a myofibroblastic response (p = 0.001) than BCC. CONCLUSIONS Class II tubulin expression is closely related to squamous or follicular differentiation and may be helpful in distinguishing most SCCs from KAs and BCC from TE. However, it does not reliably distinguish well-differentiated, crateriform SCC from KA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Gachon Medical School, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|