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Yu MG, Gordin D, Fu J, Park K, Li Q, King GL. Protective Factors and the Pathogenesis of Complications in Diabetes. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:227-252. [PMID: 37638875 PMCID: PMC10911956 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic complications of diabetes are due to myriad disorders of numerous metabolic pathways that are responsible for most of the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. Traditionally, diabetes complications are divided into those of microvascular and macrovascular origin. We suggest revising this antiquated classification into diabetes complications of vascular, parenchymal, and hybrid (both vascular and parenchymal) tissue origin, since the profile of diabetes complications ranges from those involving only vascular tissues to those involving mostly parenchymal organs. A major paradigm shift has occurred in recent years regarding the pathogenesis of diabetes complications, in which the focus has shifted from studies on risks to those on the interplay between risk and protective factors. While risk factors are clearly important for the development of chronic complications in diabetes, recent studies have established that protective factors are equally significant in modulating the development and severity of diabetes complications. These protective responses may help explain the differential severity of complications, and even the lack of pathologies, in some tissues. Nevertheless, despite the growing number of studies on this field, comprehensive reviews on protective factors and their mechanisms of action are not available. This review thus focused on the clinical, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms that support the idea of endogenous protective factors, and their roles in the initiation and progression of chronic complications in diabetes. In addition, this review also aimed to identify the main needs of this field for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gregory Yu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daniel Gordin
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jialin Fu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - George Liang King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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2
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Wang MD, Zhang S, Liu XY, Wang PP, Zhu YF, Zhu JR, Lv CS, Li SY, Liu SF, Wen L. Salvianolic acid B ameliorates retinal deficits in an early-stage Alzheimer's disease mouse model through downregulating BACE1 and Aβ generation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2151-2168. [PMID: 37420104 PMCID: PMC10618533 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with subtle onset, early diagnosis remains challenging. Accumulating evidence suggests that the emergence of retinal damage in AD precedes cognitive impairment, and may serve as a critical indicator for early diagnosis and disease progression. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a bioactive compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been shown promise in treating neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and Parkinson's disease. In this study we investigated the therapeutic effects of Sal B on retinopathy in early-stage AD. One-month-old transgenic mice carrying five familial AD mutations (5×FAD) were treated with Sal B (20 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 3 months. At the end of treatment, retinal function and structure were assessed, cognitive function was evaluated in Morris water maze test. We showed that 4-month-old 5×FAD mice displayed distinct structural and functional deficits in the retinas, which were significantly ameliorated by Sal B treatment. In contrast, untreated, 4-month-old 5×FAD mice did not exhibit cognitive impairment compared to wild-type mice. In SH-SY5Y-APP751 cells, we demonstrated that Sal B (10 μM) significantly decreased BACE1 expression and sorting into the Golgi apparatus, thereby reducing Aβ generation by inhibiting the β-cleavage of APP. Moreover, we found that Sal B effectively attenuated microglial activation and the associated inflammatory cytokine release induced by Aβ plaque deposition in the retinas of 5×FAD mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that functional impairments in the retina occur before cognitive decline, suggesting that the retina is a valuable reference for early diagnosis of AD. Sal B ameliorates retinal deficits by regulating APP processing and Aβ generation in early AD, which is a potential therapeutic intervention for early AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xing-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Pan-Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jun-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chong-Shan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shi-Ying Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Sui-Feng Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
| | - Lei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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3
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Seyed Hosseini Fin N, Georgevsky D, Sukkar MB, Golzan SM. RAGE and its ligand amyloid beta promote retinal ganglion cell loss following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1156084. [PMID: 37124398 PMCID: PMC10130520 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1156084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with age. Accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aß) proteins in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and subsequent retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss is an established pathological hallmark of the disease. The mechanism through which Aß provokes RGC loss remains unclear. The receptor for the advanced glycation end product (RAGE), and its ligand Aß, have been shown to mediate neuronal loss via internalizing Aß within the neurons. In this study, we investigated whether the RAGE-Aß axis plays a role in RGC loss in experimental glaucoma. Methods Retinal ischemia was induced by an acute elevation of intraocular pressure in RAGE-/- and wild-type (WT) control mice. In a subset of animals, oligomeric Aß was injected directly into the vitreous of both strains. RGC loss was assessed using histology and biochemical assays. Baseline and terminal positive scotopic threshold (pSTR) were also recorded. Results Retinal ischemia resulted in 1.9-fold higher RGC loss in WT mice compared to RAGE-/- mice (36 ± 3% p < 0.0001 vs. 19 ± 2%, p = 0.004). Intravitreal injection of oligomeric Aß resulted in 2.3-fold greater RGC loss in WT mice compared to RAGE-/- mice, 7-days post-injection (55 ± 4% p = 0.008 vs. 24 ± 2%, p = 0.02). We also found a significant decline in the positive scotopic threshold response (pSTR) amplitude of WT mice compared to RAGE-/- (36 ± 3% vs. 16 ± 6%). Discussion RAGE-/- mice are protected against RGC loss following retinal ischemia. Intravitreal injection of oligomeric Aß accelerated RGC loss in WT mice but not RAGE-/-. A co-localization of RAGE and Aß, suggests that RAGE-Aß binding may contribute to RGC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Seyed Hosseini Fin
- Vision Science Group, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dana Georgevsky
- Vision Science Group, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria B. Sukkar
- Pharmacy Discipline, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S. Mojtaba Golzan
- Vision Science Group, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: S. Mojtaba Golzan,
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4
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Karuppan SJ, Vogt A, Fischer Z, Ladutska A, Swiastyn J, McGraw HF, Bouyain S. Members of the vertebrate contactin and amyloid precursor protein families interact through a conserved interface. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101541. [PMID: 34958801 PMCID: PMC8808184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Contactins (CNTNs) are neural cell adhesion molecules that encode axon-target specificity during the patterning of the vertebrate visual and olfactory systems. Because CNTNs are tethered to the plasma membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, they lack an intracellular region to communicate across the membrane. Instead, they form coreceptor complexes with distinct transmembrane proteins to transmit signals inside the cell. In particular, a complex of CNTN4 and amyloid precursor protein (APP) is known to guide the assembly of specific circuits in the visual system. Here, using in situ hybridization in zebrafish embryos, we show that CNTN4, CNTN5, and the APP homologs, amyloid beta precursor like protein 1 and amyloid beta precursor like protein 2, are expressed in olfactory pits, suggesting that these receptors may also function together in the organization of olfactory tissues. Furthermore, we use biochemical and structural approaches to characterize interactions between members of these two receptor families. In particular, APP and amyloid beta precursor like protein 1 interact with CNTN3–5, whereas amyloid beta precursor like protein 2 only binds to CNTN4 and CNTN5. Finally, structural analyses of five CNTN–amyloid pairs indicate that these proteins interact through a conserved interface involving the second fibronectin type III repeat of CNTNs and the copper-binding domain of amyloid proteins. Overall, this work sets the stage for analyzing CNTN–amyloid-mediated connectivity in vertebrate sensory circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Karuppan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5009 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Alex Vogt
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5009 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Zachary Fischer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5009 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Aliona Ladutska
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5009 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Jonathan Swiastyn
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5009 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Hillary F McGraw
- Department of Genetics, Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5009 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110
| | - Samuel Bouyain
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5009 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110.
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5
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Sex-dependent effects of amyloid precursor-like protein 2 in the SOD1-G37R transgenic mouse model of MND. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6605-6630. [PMID: 34476545 PMCID: PMC8558206 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Motor neurone disease (MND) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by progressive destruction of motor neurons, muscle paralysis and death. The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is highly expressed in the central nervous system and has been shown to modulate disease outcomes in MND. APP is part of a gene family that includes the amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1) and 2 (APLP2) genes. In the present study, we investigated the role of APLP2 in MND through the examination of human spinal cord tissue and by crossing APLP2 knockout mice with the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1-G37R) transgenic mouse model of MND. We found the expression of APLP2 is elevated in the spinal cord from human cases of MND and that this feature of the human disease is reproduced in SOD1-G37R mice at the End-stage of their MND-like phenotype progression. APLP2 deletion in SOD1-G37R mice significantly delayed disease progression and increased the survival of female SOD1-G37R mice. Molecular and biochemical analysis showed female SOD1-G37R:APLP2-/- mice displayed improved innervation of the neuromuscular junction, ameliorated atrophy of muscle fibres with increased APP protein expression levels in the gastrocnemius muscle. These results indicate a sex-dependent role for APLP2 in mutant SOD1-mediated MND and further support the APP family as a potential target for further investigation into the cause and regulation of MND.
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6
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Courtois Y, Youale J, Behar-Cohen F, Picard É. [Iron and age-related macular degeneration: a new track]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:616-625. [PMID: 32614313 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron has a fundamental role for cell physiology and especially in retina as a cofactor of many pathways of the visual transduction. A tightly regulated homeostasis avoids the accumulation of prooxidant and proinflammatory free iron. A dysfunction of iron retinal homeostasis is associated with many genetic or age-related degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we describe various mechanisms reported during AMD, enhanced by iron accumulation and its homeostasis dysregulation. We have investigated a local treatment with transferrin, the natural iron carrier, to control these pathological pathways and iron dysfunction, without side effects. Iron has a central role in pathogenesis of AMD and is a target for futures therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Courtois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, UMRS1138, 15 rue de l'École de Médecine, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Jenny Youale
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, UMRS1138, 15 rue de l'École de Médecine, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Émilie Picard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, UMRS1138, 15 rue de l'École de Médecine, F-75006 Paris, France
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7
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Monti G, Jensen ML, Mehmedbasic A, Jørgensen MM, Holm IE, Barkholt P, Zole E, Vægter CB, Vorum H, Nyengaard JR, Andersen OM. SORLA Expression in Synaptic Plexiform Layers of Mouse Retina. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3106-3117. [PMID: 32472518 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sorting protein-related receptor containing LDLR class A repeats (SORLA; also known as LR11) exerts intraneuronal trafficking functions in the central nervous system. Recently, involvement of SORLA in retinogenesis was proposed, but no studies have examined yet in detail the expression pattern of this sorting receptor in the retina. Here, we provide a spatio-temporal characterization of SORL1 mRNA and its translational product SORLA in the postnatal mouse retina. Using stereological analysis, we confirmed previous studies showing that receptor depletion in knockout mice significantly reduces the number of cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL), suggesting that functional SORLA expression is essential for the development of this retinal strata. qPCR and Western blot analyses showed that SORL1/SORLA expression peaks at postnatal day 15, just after eye opening. Interestingly, we found that transcripts are somatically located in several neuronal populations residing in the INL and the ganglion cell layer, whereas SORLA protein is also present in the synaptic plexiform layers. In line with receptor expression in dendritic terminals, we found delayed stratification of the inner plexiform layer in knockout mice, indicating an involvement of SORLA in neuronal connectivity. Altogether, these data suggest a novel role of SORLA in synaptogenesis. Receptor dysfunctions may be implicated in morphological and functional impairments of retinal inner layer formation associated with eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Monti
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marianne L Jensen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Arnela Mehmedbasic
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Margarita Melnikova Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Ida E Holm
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Pernille Barkholt
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Egija Zole
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian B Vægter
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, DK-9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Olav M Andersen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Nordic-EMBL Partnership, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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8
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Picard E, Daruich A, Youale J, Courtois Y, Behar-Cohen F. From Rust to Quantum Biology: The Role of Iron in Retina Physiopathology. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030705. [PMID: 32183063 PMCID: PMC7140613 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for cell survival and function. It is a transition metal, that could change its oxidation state from Fe2+ to Fe3+ involving an electron transfer, the key of vital functions but also organ dysfunctions. The goal of this review is to illustrate the primordial role of iron and local iron homeostasis in retinal physiology and vision, as well as the pathological consequences of iron excess in animal models of retinal degeneration and in human retinal diseases. We summarize evidence of the potential therapeutic effect of iron chelation in retinal diseases and especially the interest of transferrin, a ubiquitous endogenous iron-binding protein, having the ability to treat or delay degenerative retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Picard
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +331-44-27-81-82
| | - Alejandra Daruich
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
- Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jenny Youale
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
| | - Yves Courtois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Team 17, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.D.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (F.B.-C.)
- Ophtalmopole, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
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9
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Gordin D, Shah H, Shinjo T, St-Louis R, Qi W, Park K, Paniagua SM, Pober DM, Wu IH, Bahnam V, Brissett MJ, Tinsley LJ, Dreyfuss JM, Pan H, Dong Y, Niewczas MA, Amenta P, Sadowski T, Kannt A, Keenan HA, King GL. Characterization of Glycolytic Enzymes and Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Type 1 and 2 Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1263-1273. [PMID: 31076418 PMCID: PMC6609957 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated glycolytic enzymes in renal glomeruli correlated with preservation of renal function in the Medalist Study, individuals with ≥50 years of type 1 diabetes. Specifically, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activation protected insulin-deficient diabetic mice from hyperglycemia-induced glomerular pathology. This study aims to extend these findings in a separate cohort of individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and discover new circulatory biomarkers for renal protection through proteomics and metabolomics of Medalists' plasma. We hypothesize that increased glycolytic flux and improved mitochondrial biogenesis will halt the progression of diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Immunoblots analyzed selected glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes in postmortem glomeruli of non-Medalists with type 1 diabetes (n = 15), type 2 diabetes (n = 19), and no diabetes (n = 5). Plasma proteomic (SOMAscan) (n = 180) and metabolomic screens (n = 214) of Medalists with and without stage 3b chronic kidney disease (CKD) were conducted and significant markers validated by ELISA. RESULTS Glycolytic (PKM1, PKM2, and ENO1) and mitochondrial (MTCO2) enzymes were significantly elevated in glomeruli of CKD- versus CKD+ individuals with type 2 diabetes. Medalists' plasma PKM2 correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r 2 = 0.077; P = 0.0002). Several glucose and mitochondrial enzymes in circulation were upregulated with corresponding downregulation of toxic metabolites in CKD-protected Medalists. Amyloid precursor protein was also significantly upregulated, tumor necrosis factor receptors downregulated, and both confirmed by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS Elevation of enzymes involved in the metabolism of intracellular free glucose and its metabolites in renal glomeruli is connected to preserving kidney function in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The renal profile of elevated glycolytic enzymes and reduced toxic glucose metabolites is reflected in the circulation, supporting their use as biomarkers for endogenous renal protective factors in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gordin
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hetal Shah
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ronald St-Louis
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Weier Qi
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Translational Research and Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - David M Pober
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Pan
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Monika A Niewczas
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Amenta
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Aimo Kannt
- Sanofi Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hillary A Keenan
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Sanofi-Genzyme, Cambridge, MA
| | - George L King
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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10
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Biochemical and cognitive effects of docosahexaenoic acid differ in a developmental and SorLA dependent manner. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:90-100. [PMID: 29660442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid intake on cognition are under debate as some studies show beneficial effects while others show no effects of omega-3 supplementation. These inconsistencies may be a result of inter-individual response variations, potentially caused by gene and diet interactions. SorLA is a multifunctional receptor involved in ligand trafficking including lipoprotein lipase and amyloid precursor protein. Decreased SorLA levels have been correlated to Alzheimer's disease, and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is known to increase SorLA expression in neuronal cell lines and mouse models. We therefore addressed potential correlations between Sorl1 and dietary omega-3 in SorLA deficient mice (Sorl1-/-) and controls exposed to diets supplemented with or deprived of omega-3 during their entire development and lifespan (lifelong) or solely from the time of weaning (post weaning). Observed diet-induced effects were only evident when exposed to lifelong omega-3 supplementation or deprivation as opposed to post weaning exposure only. Lifelong exposure to omega-3 supplementation resulted in impaired spatial learning in Sorl1-/- mice. The vitamin C antioxidant capacity in the brains of Sorl1-/- mice was reduced, but reduced glutathione and vitamin E levels were increased, leaving the overall antioxidant capacity of the brain inconclusive. No gross morphological differences of hippocampal neurons were found to account for the altered behavior. We found a significant adverse effect in cognitive performance by combining SorLA deficiency with lifelong exposure to omega-3. Our results stress the need for investigations of the underlying molecular mechanisms to clarify the precise circumstances under which omega-3 supplementation may be beneficial.
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11
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Luu L, Ciccotosto GD, Vella LJ, Cheng L, Roisman LC, Multhaup G, Hill AF, Munter LM, Cappai R. Amyloid Precursor Protein Dimerisation Reduces Neurite Outgrowth. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:13-28. [PMID: 29675574 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes extensive metabolism, and its transport and proteolytic processing can be modulated by its ability to form a homodimer. We have investigated the functional consequences of stabilised APP dimer expression in cells by studying the engineered dimerisation of the APPL17C (residue 17 in Aβ sequence) construct, which is associated with a 30% increase in APP dimer expression, on APP's neurite outgrowth promoting activity. Overexpression of APPL17C in SH-SY5Y cells decreased neurite outgrowth upon retinoic acid differentiation as compared to overexpressing APPWT cells. The APPL17C phenotype was rescued by replacing the APPL17C media with conditioned media from APPWT cells, indicating that the APPL17C mutant is impairing the secretion of a neuritogenic promoting factor. APPL17C had altered transport and was localised in the endoplasmic reticulum. Defining the molecular basis of the APPL17C phenotype showed that RhoA GTPase activity, a negative regulator of neurite outgrowth, was increased in APPL17C cells. RhoA activity was decreased after APPWT conditioned media rescue. Moreover, treatment with the RhoA inhibitor, Y27632, restored a wild-type morphology to the APPL17C cells. Small RNAseq analysis of APPL17C and APPWT cells identified several differentially expressed miRNAs relating to neurite outgrowth. Of these, miR-34a showed the greatest decrease in expression. Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of miR-34a rescued neurite outgrowth in APPL17C cells to APPWT levels and changed RhoA activation. This study has identified a novel link between APP dimerisation and its neuritogenic activity which is mediated by miR-34a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Luu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Giuseppe D Ciccotosto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Laura J Vella
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Laila C Roisman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Lisa-Marie Munter
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Roberto Cappai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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12
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Mechanisms of Photoreceptor Patterning in Vertebrates and Invertebrates. Trends Genet 2017; 32:638-659. [PMID: 27615122 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Across the animal kingdom, visual systems have evolved to be uniquely suited to the environments and behavioral patterns of different species. Visual acuity and color perception depend on the distribution of photoreceptor (PR) subtypes within the retina. Retinal mosaics can be organized into three broad categories: stochastic/regionalized, regionalized, and ordered. We describe here the retinal mosaics of flies, zebrafish, chickens, mice, and humans, and the gene regulatory networks controlling proper PR specification in each. By drawing parallels in eye development between these divergent species, we identify a set of conserved organizing principles and transcriptional networks that govern PR subtype differentiation.
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13
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Beta-amyloid sequelae in the eye: a critical review on its diagnostic significance and clinical relevance in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:353-363. [PMID: 28093567 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. There is no test for its definitive diagnosis in routine clinical practice. Although phase III clinical trials have failed, only symptomatic treatment is currently available; a possible reason for these failed trials is that intervention commenced at an advanced stage of the disease. The hallmarks of an AD brain include plaques comprising of extracellular beta-amyloid (Aβ) protein aggregates and intracellular hyperphosphorylated neurofibrillary tangles of tau. Research into the preclinical diagnosis of AD has provided considerable evidence regarding early neuropathological changes using brain Aβ imaging and the cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, Aβ and tau. Both these approaches have limitations that are expensive, invasive or time consuming and thus preclude them from screening at-risk population. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of Aβ plaques in the eyes of AD subjects, which is positively associated with their brain Aβ burden. Thus ocular biomarkers point to a potential avenue for an earlier, relatively low-cost diagnosis in order for therapeutic interventions to be effective. Here we review the literature that spans the investigation for the presence of Aβ in aging eyes and the significance of its deposition in relation to AD pathology. We discuss clinical studies investigating in vivo imaging of Aβ in the eye and its association with brain Aβ burden and therapies that target ocular Aβ. Finally, we focus on the need to characterize AD-specific retinal Aβ to differentiate Aβ found in some eye diseases. Based on the current evidence, we conclude that integration of ocular biomarkers that can correctly predict brain Aβ burden would have an important role as a non-invasive, yet economical surrogate marker in the diagnostic process of AD.
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14
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Wang S, Bolós M, Clark R, Cullen CL, Southam KA, Foa L, Dickson TC, Young KM. Amyloid β precursor protein regulates neuron survival and maturation in the adult mouse brain. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 77:21-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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15
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Masuzzo A, Dinet V, Cavanagh C, Mascarelli F, Krantic S. Amyloidosis in Retinal Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurol 2016; 7:127. [PMID: 27551275 PMCID: PMC4976396 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As a part of the central nervous system, the retina may reflect both physiological processes and abnormalities related to pathologies that affect the brain. Amyloidosis due to the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) was initially regarded as a specific and exclusive characteristic of neurodegenerative alterations seen in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. More recently, it was discovered that amyloidosis-related alterations, similar to those seen in the brain of Alzheimer's patients, also occur in the retina. Remarkably, these alterations were identified not only in primary retinal pathologies, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma, but also in the retinas of Alzheimer's patients. In this review, we first briefly discuss the biogenesis of Aβ, a peptide involved in amyloidosis. We then discuss some pathological aspects (synaptic dysfunction, mitochondrial failure, glial activation, and vascular abnormalities) related to the neurotoxic effects of Aβ. We finally highlight common features shared by AD, AMD, and glaucoma in the context of Aβ amyloidosis and further discuss why the retina, due to the transparency of the eye, can be considered as a "window" to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Masuzzo
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
| | - Virginie Dinet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
| | - Chelsea Cavanagh
- Department of Neuroscience, Douglas Hospital Research Center , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Frederic Mascarelli
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
| | - Slavica Krantic
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
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16
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Dinet V, Ciccotosto GD, Delaunay K, Borras C, Ranchon-Cole I, Kostic C, Savoldelli M, El Sanharawi M, Jonet L, Pirou C, An N, Abitbol M, Arsenijevic Y, Behar-Cohen F, Cappai R, Mascarelli F. Amyloid Precursor-Like Protein 2 deletion-induced retinal synaptopathy related to congenital stationary night blindness: structural, functional and molecular characteristics. Mol Brain 2016; 9:64. [PMID: 27267879 PMCID: PMC4897877 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amyloid precursor protein knockout mice (APP-KO) have impaired differentiation of amacrine and horizontal cells. APP is part of a gene family and its paralogue amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2) has both shared as well as distinct expression patterns to APP, including in the retina. Given the impact of APP in the retina we investigated how APLP2 expression affected the retina using APLP2 knockout mice (APLP2-KO). Results Using histology, morphometric analysis with noninvasive imaging technique and electron microscopy, we showed that APLP2-KO retina displayed abnormal formation of the outer synaptic layer, accompanied with greatly impaired photoreceptor ribbon synapses in adults. Moreover, APLP2-KO displayed a significant decease in ON-bipolar, rod bipolar and type 2 OFF-cone bipolar cells (36, 21 and 63 %, respectively). Reduction of the number of bipolar cells was accompanied with disrupted dendrites, reduced expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 at the dendritic tips and alteration of axon terminals in the OFF laminae of the inner plexiform layer. In contrast, the APP-KO photoreceptor ribbon synapses and bipolar cells were intact. The APLP2-KO retina displayed numerous phenotypic similarities with the congenital stationary night blindness, a non-progressive retinal degeneration disease characterized by the loss of night vision. The pathological phenotypes in the APLP2-KO mouse correlated to altered transcription of genes involved in pre- and postsynatic structure/function, including CACNA1F, GRM6, TRMP1 and Gα0, and a normal scotopic a-wave electroretinogram amplitude, markedly reduced scotopic electroretinogram b-wave and modestly reduced photopic cone response. This confirmed the impaired function of the photoreceptor ribbon synapses and retinal bipolar cells, as is also observed in congenital stationary night blindness. Since congenital stationary night blindness present at birth, we extended our analysis to retinal differentiation and showed impaired differentiation of different bipolar cell subtypes and an altered temporal sequence of development from OFF to ON laminae in the inner plexiform layer. This was associated with the altered expression patterns of bipolar cell generation and differentiation factors, including MATH3, CHX10, VSX1 and OTX2. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that APLP2 couples retina development and synaptic genes and present the first evidence that APLP2 expression may be linked to synaptic disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-016-0245-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dinet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe D Ciccotosto
- Department of Pathology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kimberley Delaunay
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Céline Borras
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Ranchon-Cole
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Sensorielle, Université Clermont 1, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Kostic
- Unit of Gene Therapy & Stem Cell Biology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michèle Savoldelli
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed El Sanharawi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jonet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Pirou
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Na An
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Marc Abitbol
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Yvan Arsenijevic
- Unit of Gene Therapy & Stem Cell Biology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Cappai
- Department of Pathology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frédéric Mascarelli
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Descartes, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
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17
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Amyloid precursor protein is required for normal function of the rod and cone pathways in the mouse retina. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29892. [PMID: 22279552 PMCID: PMC3261162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane glycoprotein frequently studied for its role in Alzheimer's disease. Our recent study in APP knockout (KO) mice identified an important role for APP in modulating normal neuronal development in the retina. However the role APP plays in the adult retina and whether it is required for vision is unknown. In this study we evaluated the role of APP in retinal function and morphology comparing adult wildtype (WT) and APP-KO mice. APP was expressed on neuronal cells of the inner retina, including horizontal, cone bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells in WT mice. The function of the retina was assessed using the electroretinogram and although the rod photoreceptor responses were similar in APP-KO and WT mice, the post-photoreceptor, inner retinal responses of both the rod and cone pathways were reduced in APP-KO mice. These changes in inner retinal function did not translate to a substantial change in visual acuity as assessed using the optokinetic response or to changes in the gross cellular structure of the retina. These findings indicate that APP is not required for basic visual function, but that it is involved in modulating inner retinal circuitry.
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